Acanthosis Nigricans malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disorder in which there is darker, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases. This condition usually appears slowly and doesn't cause any symptoms other than skin changes. Eventually, dark, velvety skin with very visible markings and creases appears in the armpits, groin and neck folds, and over the joints of the fingers and toes. Less commonly, the lips, palms, soles of the feet, or other areas may be affected. These symptoms are more common in people with cancer. The exact cause of this condition is not well understood; but it can be genetically inherited or related to medical problems such as obesity, some prescription drugs, and cancer.³⁰

MalaCards: Acanthosis Nigricans, also known as acanthosis nigricans (disorder), is related to obesity and crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome. An important gene associated with Acanthosis Nigricans is FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3), and among its related pathways are JNK Pathway and Akt Signaling. The compounds glucose and rapamycin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skeletal muscle, liver and thyroid, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and respiratory system.

Wikipedia: Acanthosis nigricans is a brown to black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

acanthosis nigricans 6 30 8 32 43 acanthosis nigricans (disorder) 6 an - acanthosis nigricans 6

keratosis nigricans 6 an 30

Diseases related to acanthosis nigricans by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 4071)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	obesity	35.6	ADRB2, ADRB3
2	crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome	33.9	FGFR2, FGFR3
3	achondroplasia	33.4	FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1
4	pancreatic cancer	31.4	FGFR2, IGF1R, TGFA, SLC2A1
5	polycystic ovary syndrome	30.6	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1, GH1
6	melanoma	30.6	LMNA, LEP, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, MC1R
7	renal cell carcinoma	30.5	INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R, TGFA, SLC2A4, SLC2A1
8	hypochondroplasia	30.4	FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1
9	hyperandrogenism	30.3	LMNA, LEP, BAIAP2L1, INS, INSR, IGF1R
10	hypothyroidism	30.2	LEP, SHBG, ADIPOQ
11	retinoblastoma	30.2	LMNA, INS, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R
12	virilization	30.1	LEP, INS, CYP21A2, SHBG
13	craniosynostosis	29.9	FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R, PDLIM1
14	acute myocardial infarction	29.9	LEP, INS, IGF1, SHBG, SLC2A4, ADRB2
15	dementia	29.8	INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1, GH1, PRL
16	colon carcinoma	29.8	LMNA, LEP, BAIAP2L1, INS, FGFR2, IGF1R
17	crohn's disease	29.8	LEP, IGF1R, IGF1, PDLIM1, SHBG, TGFA
18	arthritis	29.8	LEP, BAIAP2L1, INS, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R
19	myeloma	29.7	LEP, INS, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1, AGPAT2
20	thrombosis	29.7	LEP, INS, SHBG, PRL, ADRB2, ADRB3
21	cataract	29.6	LMNA, LEP, INS, FGFR2, IGF1
22	neuroblastoma	29.5	LMNA, LEP, INS, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R
23	hepatitis c	29.5	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1, GH1
24	hypercalcemia	29.5	FGFR3, IGF1, PDLIM1, TGFA
25	cystic fibrosis	29.4	LEP, INS, IGF1, SHBG, PRL, ADRB2
26	thalassemia	29.3	LEP, INS, IGF1, GH1, SHBG
27	osteogenesis imperfecta	29.3	FGFR3, IGF1, GH1
28	polycystic kidney disease	29.2	INS, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R, TGFA
29	multiple sclerosis	29.2	BSCL2, LEP, INS, MC1R, GH1, SHBG
30	blindness	29.1	LEP, INS, IGF1, ALMS1, GH1, SHBG
31	rheumatoid arthritis	29.1	LEP, BAIAP2L1, INS, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R
32	parkinson's disease	29.1	LEP, INS, INSR, MC1R, IGF1, GH1
33	sarcoma	29.1	LEP, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1
34	gastric cancer	29.0	BSCL2, LEP, INS, FGFR2, FGFR3, MC1R
35	ulcerative colitis	28.9	LEP, INS, IGF1R, CYP21A2, TGFA, ADIPOQ
36	hypercholesterolemia	28.9	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1, ADRB2, ADIPOQ
37	graves' disease	28.9	INS, IGF1R, IGF1, CYP21A2, SHBG, ADRB2
38	myocardial infarction	28.9	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1, GH1, SHBG
39	rabson-mendenhall syndrome	28.8	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1, GH1
40	beta thalassemia	28.8	LEP, INS, IGF1, SHBG
41	squamous cell carcinoma	28.8	LMNA, LEP, FGFR2, FGFR3, MC1R, IGF1R
42	diabetes insipidus	28.8	INS, IGF1, CYP21A2, PRL
43	neuropathy	28.8	BSCL2, LMNA, LEP, INS, FGFR2, IGF1R
44	ovarian cancer	28.8	LMNA, LEP, INS, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R
45	rhabdomyosarcoma	28.7	INS, INSR, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1, SLC2A4
46	ovarian carcinoma	28.7	INSR, IGF1R, AGPAT2, TGFA, SLC2A4, SLC2A1
47	lung carcinoma	28.7	LMNA, FGFR2, IGF1R, TGFA, SLC2A1, SLC2A3
48	fibrosis	28.7	LMNA, LEP, INS, FGFR2, IGF1, GH1
49	neurodegeneration	28.6	BSCL2, BAIAP2L1, INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1
50	spondylitis	28.5	LEP, INS, IGF1, PRL, ADIPOQ

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to acanthosis nigricans:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to acanthosis nigricans:

²⁵ (show all 23)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.3	ADRB3, FGFR2
2	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	10.0	INSR
3	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	9.8	AGPAT2, FGFR3, FGFR2, BSCL2
4	craniofacial phenotype	MP:0005382	9.4	FGFR2, MC1R, IGF1R, AGPAT2
5	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	9.0	AGPAT2, IGF1R, MC1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, LEP
6	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	8.9	AGPAT2, ALMS1, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR, INS
7	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	8.7	ALMS1, IGF1, IGF1R, MC1R, FGFR3, FGFR2
8	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	8.7	TGFA, AGPAT2, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2
9	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	8.6	PRL, TGFA, AGPAT2, IGF1R, MC1R, FGFR3
10	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	8.4	ADIPOQ, PRL, IGF1, IGF1R, MC1R, FGFR3
11	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	8.4	SLC2A1, SLC2A4, PRL, FGFR3, INSR, INS
12	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	8.3	PRL, AGPAT2, GH1, ALMS1, INS, BSCL2
13	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	8.2	SLC2A4, TGFA, AGPAT2, IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2
14	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	7.9	LMNA, LEP, INSR, FGFR2, IGF1R, IGF1
15	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	7.9	ADIPOQ, SLC2A3, PRL, GH1, ALMS1, FGFR3
16	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	7.8	SLC2A3, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, AGPAT2, FGFR3, FGFR2
17	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	7.5	IGF1, TGFA, SLC2A4, ADRB2, ADIPOQ, IGF1R
18	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	6.7	INS, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, MC1R, IGF1R
19	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	6.3	AGPAT2, TGFA, PRL, SLC2A4, ADRB2, ADIPOQ
20	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	5.7	BSCL2, ADIPOQ, ADRB3, ADRB2, SLC2A4, TGFA
21	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	5.6	AGPAT2, PRL, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, ADRB2, ADRB3
22	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	4.8	AGPAT2, TGFA, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, ADRB2
23	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	4.4	AGPAT2, PRL, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, ADRB2

Articles related to acanthosis nigricans:

(show top 50)    (show all 91)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	The involvement of insulin receptor genotypes in pre- and co-obese acanthosis Nigricans children and adolescent. (20857837)	Wang C.H.... Tsai F.J.	2010	INSR
2	Evaluation of insulin resistance in obese women with and without acanthosis nigricans. (19348659)	Sadeghian G.... Ali Nilfroushzadeh M.	2009	INS
3	Malignant acanthosis nigricans with enhanced expressi on of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (19688170)	Hida Y.... Arase S.	2009	FGFR3
4	Acanthosis nigricans and insulin sensitivity in patie nts with achondroplasia and hypochodroplasia due to FGFR3 mutations. (19622626)	Alatzoglou K.S.... Dattani M.T.	2009	FGFR3
5	Clearance of acanthosis nigricans associated with insulinoma following surgical resection. (18669553)	Ghosh S.... Chowdhury S.	2008	INS
6	Hypochondroplasia and Acanthosis nigricans: a new syndrome due to the p.Lys650Thr mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene? (18583390)	Castro-Feijoo L.... Pombo M.	2008	FGFR3
7	Regression of acanthosis nigricans correlates with disappearance of anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies and achievement of euglycemia in type B insulin resistance syndrome. (17445543)	Fareau G.G.... Balasubramanyam A.	2007	INSR
8	Is Acanthosis Nigricans a reliable indicator for risk of type 2 diabetes? (17894521)	Jones L.H.... Ficca M.	2007	INS
9	Atypical localization of acanthosis nigricans in an obese patient with increased leptin level: is there an association? (16843127)	Yazici A.C.... Cimen M.Y.	2006	LEP
10	Acanthosis nigricans, papillomatosis mucosae and 'tripe palms' in a patient with metastasized gastric carcinoma (16721709)	Kleikamp S.... Brinkmeier T.	2006	MC1R
11	Genetic factors and clinical significance of acanthosis nigricans in obese Japanese children and adolescents. (16449022)	Miura N.... Sugihara S.	2006	ADRB2, ADRB3
12	Influence of skin color on the diagnostic utility of clinical acanthosis nigricans to predict insulin resistance in obese patients. (16824934)	Lopez-Alvarenga J.C.... Comuzzie A.	2006	INS
13	Acanthosis nigricans in association with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: resolution after treatment. Case report. (16052863)	KurtoA9lu S.... CanAPz O.	2005	CYP21A2
14	The obesity syndrome and acanthosis nigricans. Acanth osis nigricans is a common cosmetic problem providing epidemiological clues to the obesity syndrome, the insulin-resistance syndrome, the thrifty metabolism, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II. (17166107)	Maitra S.K.... Rowland Payne C.M.	2004	INS
15	Relation between acanthosis nigricans and insulin sensitivity in overweight Hispanic children at risk for type 2 diabetes. (15161797)	Kobaissi H.A.... Goran M.I.	2004	INS
16	Clinical significance of pancreatic beta-cell function in obese children with acanthosis nigricans (15265420)	Liang X.J.... Li M.	2004	INS
17	Acanthosis nigricans is a reliable cutaneous marker of insulin resistance in obese Japanese children. (14651545)	Yamazaki H.... Yoshida H.	2003	INS
18	Genes, growth factors and acanthosis nigricans. (12452857)	Torley D.... Munro C.S.	2002	IGF1R
19	Juvenile acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. (11860562)	Hermanns-LA- T.... PiAcrard G.E.	2002	INS
20	Microscopic acanthosis nigricans in type 2 diabetes. (11907848)	McManus R.M.... Grundy P.	2001	INS
21	A study of insulin resistance in subjects with acanthosis nigricans. (11573555)	Varthakavi P.K.... Nihalani K.D.	2001	INS
22	Oral Acanthosis nigricans as a marker of internal mal ignancy. A case report. (11577962)	Cairo F.... Ficarra G.	2001	INS
23	Subtle radiographic findings of achondroplasia in patients with Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans due to an Ala391Glu substitution in FGFR3. (11426459)	Schweitzer D.N.... Wilcox W.R.	2001	FGFR3
24	Association of acanthosis nigricans with risk of diabetes mellitus, and hormonal disturbances in arabian females: case-control study. (11684373)	Bener A.... Al-Mulla H.M.	2001	GH1
25	The molecular and genetic basis of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 disorders: the achondroplasia family of skeletal dysplasias, Muenke craniosynostosis, and Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans. (10696568)	Vajo Z.... Wilkin D.J.	2000	FGFR3
26	Association of Acanthosis nigricans with risk of diabetes mellitus and hormonal disturbances in females. (11102622)	Lestringant G.G.... Townsend A.	2000	GH1
27	Diabetic ketoacidosis in association with acanthosis nigricans. (11421534)	Ramamrutham R.A.... Westphal S.A.	2000	INS
28	Association of acanthosis nigricans with risk of diab etes and insulin resistance. (17322752)	Saadi H.... Bener A.	2000	INS
29	Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN): phenotypic analysis of a new skeletal dysplasia caused by a Lys650Met mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (10377013)	Bellus G.A.... Francomano C.A.	1999	FGFR3
30	Acanthosis nigricans with severe obesity, insulin resistance and hypothyroidism: improvement by diet control. (10325466)	Kuroki R.... Furue M.	1999	INS
31	A novel skeletal dysplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans is caused by a Lys650Met mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. (10053006)	Tavormina P.L.... Francomano C.A.	1999	FGFR3
32	Prevalence and significance of Acanthosis nigricans i n children and adolescents. (17372496)	Soliman A.T.... Asfour M.	1996	PRL
33	Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans. (7852529)	Oppenheimer E.... Dimartino-Nardi J.	1995	INS
34	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) transmembrane mutation in Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans. (7493034)	Meyers G.A.... Jabs E.W.	1995	FGFR3, FGFR2
35	Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with partial lipodystrophy and acanthosis nigricans. (8710409)	Franceschini P.... Miniero R.	1995	INSR, INS
36	Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis: a case with concurrent acanthosis nigricans associated with obesity and insulin resistance. (8136544)	Hirokawa M.... Iizuka H.	1994	INS
37	Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. 10 years of progress. (8064699)	Barbieri R.L.	1994	INS
38	Acromegaly with polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans: a case report. (7951506)	Unal A.... KeleA9timur F.	1993	INS
39	Amenorrhea, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. A hyperandrogenic and a normoandrogenic clinical forms (8303114)	Devoto E.... FluxA! F.	1993	INS
40	Vulvar acanthosis nigricans: a marker for insulin resistance in hirsute women. (8458461)	Grasinger C.C.... Parker I.J.	1993	INS
41	Syndrome of acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance and acromegaloid features: New concepts from old ideas. (17590683)	Famuyiwa O.O.... Sulimani R.A.	1993	INS
42	Further evidence that acanthosis nigricans maligna is linked to enhanced secretion by the tumour of transforming growth factor alpha. (1444575)	Wilgenbus K.... Mittermayer C.	1992	TGFA
43	Acanthosis nigricans and severe insulin resistance in an adolescent girl with thyroid cancer: clinical response to antineoplastic therapy. (1590285)	Vassilopoulou-Sellin R.... Samaan N.A.	1992	INS
44	Insulin resistant diabetes, acanthosis nigricans and Bartter's syndrome, a fortuitous association? (1497426)	Puel O.... Guillard J.M.	1992	INS
45	Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. (1612555)	Foss M.C.... Piccinato C.E.	1992	INS
46	Acanthosis Nigricans, insulin action, and hyperandrogenism: clinical, histological, and biochemical findings. (1874935)	Dunaif A.... Lewy L.	1991	INS
47	Insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans: evidence for a postbinding defect in vivo. (2215248)	Cohen P.... Karnieli E.	1990	INSR, INS
48	Defect in tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor from a patient with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. (2180980)	Yamamoto R.... Akanuma Y.	1990	INSR, INS
49	Familial insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. (2075024)	Praptono R.... Sadjimin T.	1990	INS
50	Detection of an alteration in the insulin-receptor gene in a patient with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and the polycystic ovary syndrome (type A insulin resistance). (2460770)	Moller D.E.... Flier J.S.	1988	INSR

Genes related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneCards:

(show all 25)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	FGFR3	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	11.1	Publications
2	INSR	insulin receptor	11.1	Publications
3	FGFR2	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	11.0	Publications
4	BAIAP2L1	BAI1-associated protein 2-like 1	11.0	Publications
5	INS	insulin	11.0	Publications
6	CYP21A2	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	11.0	Publications
7	SHBG	sex hormone-binding globulin	11.0
8	LMNA	lamin A/C	11.0
9	TGFA	transforming growth factor, alpha	11.0	Publications
10	ADIPOQ	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	11.0	Publications
11	IGF1R	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	11.0	Publications
12	LEP	leptin	11.0	Publications
13	IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)	11.0
14	BSCL2	Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (seipin)	11.0
15	SLC2A3	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3	11.0	Publications
16	AGPAT2	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, beta)	11.0
17	PDLIM1	PDZ and LIM domain 1	11.0
18	MC1R	melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor)	11.0	Publications
19	ADRB3	adrenoceptor beta 3	11.0	Publications
20	ALMS1	Alstrom syndrome 1	11.0
21	SLC2A4	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	11.0	Publications
22	SLC2A1	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	11.0	Publications
23	ADRB2	adrenoceptor beta 2, surface	11.0	Publications
24	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	Publications
25	PRL	prolactin	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 84)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	JNK Pathway36	10.5	FGFR2, FGFR3
2	Akt Signaling36	10.0	SLC2A4, IGF1R, FGFR3
3	Alzheimers Disease Pathway36	10.0	IGF1R, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3
4	Ras Pathway36	10.0	IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR, TGFA
5	Transcription_Receptor-mediated HIF regulation41	9.9	IGF1, INS, INSR, IGF1R
6	Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation10	9.9	INS, IGF1, INSR, IGF1R
7	Tyrosine Kinases / Adaptors3	9.8	IGF1R, INSR, FGFR3, FGFR2, TGFA
8	Prostate cancer20	9.8	FGFR2, INS, IGF1R, IGF1, TGFA
9	Type II diabetes mellitus20	9.7	ADIPOQ, INS, SLC2A4
10	Adipocytokines & Insulin Signaling37	9.6	SLC2A4, INSR, ADIPOQ, LEP, INS
11	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases36	9.5	GH1, FGFR3, IGF1
12	PPAR Pathway36	9.2	IGF1R, IGF1, FGFR3, FGFR2, GH1
13	Signaling Involved in Cardiac Hypertrophy36	9.2	ADRB2, IGF1, IGF1R, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3
14	14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling36	9.1	GH1, IGF1, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R
15	Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts36	9.1	FGFR3, IGF1, FGFR2, IGF1R, TGFA, GH1
16	p53 Mediated Apoptosis36	9.0	GH1, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1, FGFR2, TGFA
17	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling36	9.0	GH1, IGF1, TGFA, IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2
18	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	9.0	IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, GH1, TGFA, IGF1
19	DHA Signaling36	9.0	IGF1, FGFR3, FGFR2, IGF1R, GH1, TGFA
20	ERK5 Signaling36	9.0	FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1, GH1, TGFA, IGF1R
21	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	9.0	FGFR3, IGF1R, TGFA, GH1, IGF1, FGFR2
22	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A36	9.0	FGFR3, GH1, IGF1, TGFA, IGF1R, FGFR2
23	Rac1 Pathway36	8.9	IGF1R, FGFR2, GH1, TGFA, FGFR3, IGF1
24	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency36	8.9	IGF1R, GH1, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR, TGFA
25	Paxillin Interactions36	8.9	GH1, INSR, TGFA, IGF1, FGFR2, FGFR3
26	Rap1 Pathway36	8.9	GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3, TGFA, FGFR2
27	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	8.9	FGFR2, IGF1, TGFA, IGF1R, GH1, FGFR3
28	eNOS Signaling36	8.9	FGFR3, IGF1, TGFA, FGFR2, IGF1R, INSR
29	NFAT in Immune Response36	8.9	TGFA, INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R, GH1
30	Estrogen Pathway36	8.9	INSR, TGFA, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3
31	GPCR Pathway36	8.9	FGFR3, TGFA, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR2
32	GSK3 Signaling36	8.9	GH1, TGFA, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2
33	Activation of PKC through GPCR36	8.8	FGFR3, IGF1R, FGFR2, IGF1, TGFA, GH1
34	Renin-Angiotensin Pathway36	8.8	FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1, TGFA, GH1
35	Tec Kinases Signaling36	8.8	FGFR2, FGFR3, INSR, TGFA, IGF1R, IGF1
36	Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin136	8.8	IGF1R, FGFR2, FGFR3, INSR, TGFA, GH1
37	Intracellular Calcium Signaling36	8.8	FGFR3, FGFR2, TGFA, GH1, INSR, IGF1
38	eIF2 Pathway36	8.7	INS, TGFA, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3
39	p70S6K Signaling36	8.7	INS, IGF1, GH1, IGF1R, TGFA, FGFR3
40	Growth Hormone Signaling36	8.7	SLC2A4, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R
41	ILK Signaling36	8.6	IGF1, FGFR2, FGFR3, INSR, IGF1R, TGFA
42	AMPK Enzyme Complex Pathway36	8.6	LEP, INS, INSR, SLC2A1, SLC2A4
43	p38 Signaling36	8.5	IGF1R, TGFA, INSR, FGFR3, IGF1, FGFR2
44	CREB Pathway36	8.5	IGF1R, FGFR3, IGF1, TGFA, GH1, FGFR2
45	JAK-STAT Pathway36	8.4	PRL, TGFA, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, INSR
46	cAMP Pathway36	8.0	FGFR3, ADRB3, ADRB2, IGF1R, TGFA, IGF1
47	Activation of PKA through GPCR36	7.9	TGFA, GH1, IGF1, FGFR3, INSR, IGF1R
48	Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA36	7.9	GH1, FGFR3, ADRB3, IGF1, IGF1R, TGFA
49	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C36	7.8	SLC2A3, FGFR2, IGF1, GH1, SLC2A4, SLC2A1
50	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	7.5	MC1R, PRL, GH1, LEP, ADRB3, ADRB2

Compounds related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 185)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	glucose32	9.8	BAIAP2L1, FGFR2, SLC2A1, SLC2A3
2	rapamycin32 42	10.7	ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, IGF1R, INS
3	mecasermin32 9 9	11.6	IGF1R, INSR, INS, IGF1
4	c-peptide32	9.5	ADIPOQ, ADRB3, SHBG, INSR, LEP, CYP21A2
5	estradiol32 9 18 9	12.3	PRL, CYP21A2, SHBG
6	progestin32	9.2	ADIPOQ, TGFA, INSR, SHBG, IGF1R, PRL
7	ly29400232	9.2	LEP, SLC2A4, ADIPOQ, SLC2A1
8	testosterone32 9 18 9	12.2	IGF1R, FGFR2, INSR, TGFA, PRL, SHBG
9	2-deoxyglucose32	9.2	BAIAP2L1, SLC2A3, IGF1, INS, SLC2A4, ADIPOQ
10	glimepiride32 34 9 9	12.2	SLC2A1, ADIPOQ, INS, INSR, SLC2A4
11	acipimox32	9.0	GH1, IGF1, ADIPOQ, INS, LEP
12	pioglitazone32 9 9	10.8	SLC2A4, SHBG, INS, LEP, ADIPOQ, INSR
13	aicar32 42 9 18 9	12.8	SLC2A4, IGF1, INSR, INS, LEP, SLC2A1
14	leuprolide acetate32	8.8	GH1, PRL, SHBG, IGF1, CYP21A2
15	epinephrine32 9 18 9	11.7	ADRB2, TGFA, SHBG, CYP21A2, ADRB3, LEP
16	olanzapine32 34 9 18 9	12.5	ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, INS, PRL, LEP, SLC2A1
17	octreotide32 42 9 9	11.4	GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, PRL, ADIPOQ, INSR
18	clomiphene citrate32	8.4	INSR, INS, IGF1R, GH1, IGF1, PRL
19	glibenclamide32 34	9.3	INSR, INS, BAIAP2L1, LEP, SLC2A1, SLC2A4
20	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate32	8.3	GH1, PRL, INS, LEP, ADIPOQ, IGF1
21	dhea32	8.3	PRL, SHBG, ADIPOQ, CYP21A2, GH1, IGF1
22	androstenedione32 18	9.2	PRL, ADIPOQ, SHBG, CYP21A2, LEP, GH1
23	gnrh32	8.2	LEP, INS, GH1, IGF1, CYP21A2, SHBG
24	hydrocortisone32 9 9	10.1	INS, IGF1, GH1, CYP21A2, SHBG, INSR
25	thyroxine32 18	9.1	LEP, INS, INSR, IGF1, GH1, CYP21A2
26	creatinine32	8.0	IGF1R, IGF1, GH1, SHBG, TGFA, ADIPOQ
27	glycogen32 18	9.0	ADRB3, SLC2A3, SLC2A1, ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, INSR
28	acth32	8.0	INS, PRL, MC1R, SHBG, CYP21A2, LEP
29	rosiglitazone32 9 18 9	10.9	INS, LEP, LMNA, SHBG, INSR, GH1
30	glycerol32 9 18 9	10.9	SLC2A4, INSR, SHBG, GH1, LEP, INS
31	dihydrotestosterone32 9 18 9	10.9	GH1, IGF1, INSR, LEP, CYP21A2, SHBG
32	vitamin d32	7.8	TGFA, FGFR2, MC1R, ADIPOQ, IGF1R, SHBG
33	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	11.8	SLC2A3, SLC2A4, PRL, CYP21A2, GH1, FGFR2
34	alanine32	7.7	IGF1R, ADIPOQ, ADRB3, SLC2A4, TGFA, SHBG
35	metformin32 34 9 9	10.7	SHBG, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, ADIPOQ, GH1, IGF1
36	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	10.7	SHBG, TGFA, PRL, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R
37	pd 98,05932	7.6	IGF1, SLC2A4, SLC2A1, INSR, LEP, GH1
38	wortmannin32 42	8.5	ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, INS, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R
39	genistein32 9 18 9	10.5	IGF1, GH1, CYP21A2, SHBG, TGFA, SLC2A4
40	arginine32	7.4	ADRB3, ADRB2, PRL, ADIPOQ, SHBG, CYP21A2
41	ibmx32	7.3	MC1R, IGF1R, ADRB2, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, IGF1
42	ribonucleic acid32	7.2	SLC2A4, SLC2A1, PRL, SLC2A3, IGF1, TGFA
43	cycloheximide32	7.1	CYP21A2, GH1, IGF1, IGF1R, INSR, LEP
44	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	9.9	PRL, SLC2A4, ADRB2, ADRB3, ADIPOQ, LEP
45	adenylate32	6.8	MC1R, FGFR2, IGF1R, SHBG, TGFA, SLC2A1
46	vegf32	6.8	ADRB2, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, TGFA, LEP, INSR
47	lipid32	6.4	INSR, INS, SLC2A4, BAIAP2L1, LEP, LMNA
48	estrogen32	6.0	CYP21A2, SHBG, PRL, ADIPOQ, ADRB3, ADRB2
49	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	9.8	LEP, INS, INSR, FGFR3, IGF1R, IGF1
50	serine32	5.7	ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, LMNA, LEP, INS, BAIAP2L1

Cellular components related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	caveola	GO:005901	9.2	INSR, SLC2A1, ADRB2
2	integral to plasma membrane	GO:005887	7.7	INSR, ADRB3, ADRB2, SLC2A4, IGF1R, MC1R

Biological processes related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneDecks:

(show all 41)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of respiratory burst	GO:060267	10.5	INSR, INS
2	positive regulation of developmental growth	GO:048639	10.4	INSR, LEP
3	bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	GO:035630	10.3	IGF1, LEP
4	positive regulation of glycolysis	GO:045821	10.3	INS, INSR, IGF1
5	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	GO:045725	10.3	IGF1, INSR, INS
6	positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:046628	10.3	INS, LEP
7	lung lobe morphogenesis	GO:060463	10.2	FGFR2, IGF1
8	prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis	GO:060527	10.2	FGFR2, IGF1
9	negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	GO:045721	10.2	ADIPOQ, INS
10	positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling cascade	GO:010739	10.2	MC1R, ADIPOQ
11	positive regulation of phospholipase activity	GO:010518	10.2	FGFR3, FGFR2
12	exocrine pancreas development	GO:031017	10.1	IGF1, INSR
13	positive regulation of mitosis	GO:045840	10.1	INS, INSR, IGF1, TGFA
14	positive regulation of glucose import	GO:046326	10.1	ADIPOQ, IGF1, INSR, INS
15	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	GO:050679	10.1	FGFR2, IGF1, TGFA
16	positive regulation of DNA replication	GO:045740	10.1	INS, INSR, IGF1R, IGF1
17	protein autophosphorylation	GO:046777	10.0	IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR
18	insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:008286	10.0	IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR, INS
19	fat cell differentiation	GO:045444	9.9	BSCL2, INSR, ALMS1
20	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade	GO:051897	9.9	INS, INSR, MC1R, IGF1
21	regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040014	9.9	FGFR2, IGF1, PRL
22	peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:018108	9.9	FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR
23	bone maturation	GO:070977	9.9	GH1, FGFR3
24	heat generation	GO:031649	9.8	ADRB3, ADRB2
25	desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin	GO:002032	9.8	ADRB3, ADRB2
26	vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	GO:002025	9.8	ADRB3, ADRB2
27	diet induced thermogenesis	GO:002024	9.7	ADRB2, ADRB3
28	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein	GO:042517	9.6	LEP, FGFR3, GH1
29	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade	GO:014068	9.5	GH1, IGF1, INS
30	energy reserve metabolic process	GO:006112	9.5	ADRB3, SLC2A1, INS, LEP
31	hexose transport	GO:008645	9.5	SLC2A4, SLC2A1, SLC2A3
32	negative regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040015	9.5	ADRB3, ADRB2, ALMS1
33	glucose homeostasis	GO:042593	9.5	ADIPOQ, SLC2A4, ALMS1, INSR, INS
34	wound healing	GO:042060	9.5	INS, TGFA, ADRB2
35	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	9.4	INS, IGF1, GH1, ADIPOQ
36	cellular response to insulin stimulus	GO:032869	9.3	INSR, SLC2A4, ADIPOQ
37	brown fat cell differentiation	GO:050873	9.2	ADIPOQ, ADRB3, ADRB2, SLC2A4
38	carbohydrate metabolic process	GO:005975	9.0	ADRB3, SLC2A3, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, INSR
39	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008284	8.9	ADRB2, IGF1, IGF1R, FGFR3, FGFR2, INSR
40	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	8.8	LEP, ADRB3, ADRB2, IGF1, FGFR3, FGFR2
41	glucose transport	GO:015758	8.6	SLC2A3, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, GH1, INS

Molecular functions related to acanthosis nigricans according to GeneDecks:

(show all 13)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity	GO:005007	10.2	FGFR3, FGFR2
2	insulin binding	GO:043559	10.2	IGF1R, INSR
3	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:005159	10.1	INS, INSR, IGF1
4	insulin-like growth factor I binding	GO:031994	10.1	INSR, IGF1R
5	insulin receptor binding	GO:005158	10.0	IGF1, IGF1R, INS
6	protein tyrosine kinase activity	GO:004713	10.0	INSR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IGF1R
7	D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity	GO:055056	9.6	SLC2A4, SLC2A1
8	norepinephrine binding	GO:051380	9.6	ADRB2, ADRB3
9	glucose transmembrane transporter activity	GO:005355	9.5	SLC2A3, SLC2A1, SLC2A4
10	epinephrine binding	GO:051379	9.4	ADRB2, ADRB3
11	prolactin receptor binding	GO:005148	9.3	GH1, PRL
12	growth factor activity	GO:008083	8.6	TGFA, GH1, IGF1, LEP
13	hormone activity	GO:005179	8.5	LEP, INS, IGF1, GH1, PRL, ADIPOQ