Summaries for Anophthalmia

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44Wikipedia, 22MalaCards
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Wikipedia: Anophthalmia, also known as anophthalmos (Greek: ανόφθαλμος, \"without eye\"), is the...44 more...

MalaCards: Anophthalmia is related to anophthalmia/microphthalmia and aniridia. An important gene associated with Anophthalmia is RAX (retina and anterior neural fold homeobox), and among its related pathways are Transcriptional Regulatory Network in Embryonic Stem Cell and Transcription factors in neurogenesis. The compound ptx1 have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, heart and lung, and related mouse phenotypes are taste/olfaction and pigmentation.

Aliases & Descriptions for Anophthalmia

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7diseasecard, 32Novoseek
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anophthalmia 7 32

Related Diseases for Anophthalmia

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13GeneCards, 14GeneDecks
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Diseases related to anophthalmia by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 95)
idRelated DiseaseScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1anophthalmia/microphthalmia30.1PAX2, FREM1, OTX2, DACH1, SMOC1, PITX2
2aniridia27.4PAX6, PAX2, OTX2, PITX2, PITX3, SIX3
3congenital cataracts27.2PITX3, EYA1, PAX6
4coloboma27.1VSX2, VAX1, BMP4, RAX, GDF6, SIX6
5isolated growth hormone deficiency26.6LHX4, PAX6, OTX2, HESX1, POU1F1, SOX3
6congenital heart defect26.0SOD1, HCCS, BCOR, STRA6
7gonadotropin deficiency26.0SOD1, HESX1, PRL
8hypogonadism25.4POU1F1, INS, PRL, HESX1, SRY
9microphthalmia25.1SNX3, BMP4, VAX1, VSX2, RAX, PAX6
10short stature24.7POU1F1, SOX3, SRY, PRL, HESX1, INS
11growth hormone deficiency24.5PRL, HESX1, PAX6, LHX4, POU1F1, INS
12pituitary hypoplasia24.1POU1F1, SOX3, SOD1, PRL, HESX1, OTX2
13pituitary hormone deficiency23.8LHX4, INS, OTX2, POU1F1, SOX3, SOD1
14combined pituitary hormone deficiency23.8POU1F1, SOX3, SOD1, PRL, HESX1, OTX2
15cataract23.7SIX6, BCOR, INS, EYA1, OTX2, PITX2
16renal coloboma syndrome13.6PAX2, PITX2
17axenfeld-rieger syndrome type 113.6PITX2, PITX3
18optic nerve hypoplasia13.5SOX2, PAX6, HESX1
19iridogoniodysgenesis13.5PITX2, PITX3
20anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis13.5PAX6, PITX3
21peters anomaly13.5PITX2, PAX6
22cataract-glaucoma13.5PAX6, OTX2, PITX2, SOX2
23posterior polar cataract13.4PITX3, SIX4, SIX6
24iris hypoplasia13.4PITX2, PAX6
25microphthalmia cataract13.4SIX6, VSX2
26schizencephaly13.4SIX3, SOX2, HESX1, LHX2
27campomelic dysplasia13.2SRY, SOX14, SOX21
28lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome13.2SOX1, SOX2, SOX21, SOX3
29myasthenic syndrome13.2SOX3, SOX21, SOX2, SOX1
30peters plus syndrome13.1INS, PITX3
31branchiooculofacial syndrome13.1EYA1, DACH1
32branchiootorenal syndrome13.0PAX2, EYA1
33short syndrome13.0BMP4, INS
34borjeson-forssman-lehmann syndrome12.9LHX4, HESX1, SOX3, POU1F1
35septooptic dysplasia12.9SOD1, HESX1
36corpus callosum12.8PORCN, OTX2, HCCS, HESX1
37acth deficiency12.8HESX1, PRL, POU1F1
38swyer syndrome12.8PRL, SRY
39thyroid hormone resistance syndrome12.8PRL, HESX1, POU1F1
40cerebellar hypoplasia12.7PITX2, POU1F1, BMP4, HESX1, PAX2, PAX6
41ectrodactyly12.7PRL, SNX3, SIX3, PORCN
42cleft lip12.7GDF6, VAX1, BMP4, SNX3, SKI, SIX3
43sexual disorder12.7PRL, INS
44polydactyly12.6BMP4, SIX3, DACH1, INS
45pituitary gland disease12.6HESX1, INS, PRL
46adrenal gland hyperfunction12.6INS, PRL
47choroiditis12.5INS, STRA6, SIX6, GDF6, PAX6, VSX2
48delayed puberty12.5LHX4, PRL, HESX1, POU1F1
49empty sella syndrome12.5PRL, POU1F1
50malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor12.4EYA1, BMP4, DACH1, EYA2

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to anophthalmia:



Graphical network of diseases related to anophthalmia

Clinical Features for Anophthalmia

Drugs & Therapeutics for Anophthalmia

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4CenterWatch, 29NIH Clinical Center, 5ClinicalTrials, 43UMLS, 28NDF-RT
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Genetic Tests for Anophthalmia

Anatomical Context for Anophthalmia

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22MalaCards
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MalaCards organs/tissues related to anophthalmia:

22
Brain, Heart, Lung, Pituitary

Phenotypes for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

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25MGI
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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to anophthalmia:

25 (show all 22)
idDescriptionMGI Source AccessionScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1taste/olfaction phenotypeMP:000539410.0SIX3, SOX2, HESX1, OTX2, PAX6
2pigmentation phenotypeMP:00011869.8SOX2, PITX3, PITX2, SMOC1, OTX2, PAX2
3limbs/digits/tail phenotypeMP:00053718.8GDF6, SIX4, PORCN, SKI, PITX2, SMOC1
4no phenotypic analysisMP:00030128.4SOX3, SOX2, SOX14, SOX1, PITX2, INS
5respiratory system phenotypeMP:00053888.2PITX2, PITX3, HESX1, SOX2, SIX3, DACH1
6digestive/alimentary phenotypeMP:00053818.0PITX2, SOX2, PORCN, SIX3, SIX4, SMOC1
7normal phenotypeMP:00028737.7HCCS, HESX1, SOX15, SOX2, PORCN, SIX4
8muscle phenotypeMP:00053697.7SIX4, SOX2, SOX15, SOD1, HCCS, SKI
9hearing/vestibular/ear phenotypeMP:00053777.7GDF6, SIX4, SOX2, SOD1, HESX1, OTX2
10growth/size phenotypeMP:00053786.9STRA6, SOX2, SOX3, PORCN, POU1F1, SIX4
11craniofacial phenotypeMP:00053826.9GDF6, VAX1, BMP4, RAX, SIX4, SIX3
12cardiovascular system phenotypeMP:00053856.8HCCS, SKI, PITX2, OTX2, EYA3, EYA1
13embryogenesis phenotypeMP:00053806.5HCCS, HESX1, PRL, SOX1, SOX2, PORCN
14cellular phenotypeMP:00053846.5PITX3, SKI, HCCS, SOD1, SOX1, SOX2
15skeleton phenotypeMP:00053906.3PITX3, SKI, SOD1, SOX2, PORCN, SIX3
16reproductive system phenotypeMP:00053896.3PITX3, PRL, SOD1, SOX2, SOX3, POU1F1
17behavior/neurological phenotypeMP:00053866.1PRL, SOD1, SOX1, SOX2, SOX3, SIX4
18vision/eye phenotypeMP:00053915.5GDF6, SIX6, SIX4, SIX3, SOX2, SOX1
19homeostasis/metabolism phenotypeMP:00053765.5SKI, HCCS, PRL, SOD1, SOX2, SOX3
20endocrine/exocrine gland phenotypeMP:00053795.5PITX3, HESX1, PRL, SOD1, SOX2, SOX21
21mortality/agingMP:00107684.2PITX2, SKI, HCCS, HESX1, SOD1, SOX1
22nervous system phenotypeMP:00036314.1VSX2, PITX3, PITX2, SMOC1, DACH1, OTX2

Publications for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

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35PubMed
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Articles related to anophthalmia:

(show all 36)
idTitleAuthorsYearAffiliating Genes
1First implication of STRA6 mutations in isolated anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma: A new dimension to the STRA6 phenotype. (21901792)Casey J.... Ennis S.2011STRA6
2Mutations in the SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 1 gene, SMOC1, cause waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome. (21194680)Abouzeid H.... Schorderet D.F.2011SMOC1
3Mutations in the LHX2 gene are not a frequent cause o f micro/anophthalmia. (21203406)Desmaison A.... Chassaing N.2010LHX2
4A novel loss-of-function mutation in OTX2 in a patien t with anophthalmia and isolated growth hormone deficiency. (20396904)Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L.... Gat-Yablonski G.2010OTX2, LHX4, HESX1
5Mutational screening of CHX10, GDF6, OTX2, RAX and SO X2 genes in 50 unrelated microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma (MAC) spectrum ca ses. (20494911)Gonzalez-Rodriguez J.... Zenteno J.C.2010OTX2, SOX2, RAX
6Sequence alterations in RX in patients with microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. (19158959)London N.J.... Traboulsi E.I.2009RAX
7Phenotypic spectrum of STRA6 mutations: from Matthew-Wood syndrome to non-lethal anophthalmia. (19309693)Chassaing N.... Calvas P.2009STRA6
8OTX2 loss of function mutation causes anophthalmia and combined pituitary hormone deficiency with a small anterior and ectopic posterior pituitary. (18854396)Tajima T.... Fujieda K.2009OTX2, HESX1
9Two novel STRA6 mutations in a patient with anophthalmia and diaphragmatic eventration. (19213032)West B.... Slavotinek A.M.2009STRA6
10Novel SOX2 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlati on in anophthalmia and microphthalmia. (19921648)Schneider A.... Semina E.V.2009SOX2
11Mutations in the newly identified RAX regulatory sequ ence are not a frequent cause of micro/anophthalmia. (19397404)Chassaing N.... Calvas P.2009OTX2, RAX, VSX2
12Novel heterozygous OTX2 mutations and whole gene deletions in anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma. (18781617)Wyatt A.... Ragge N.2008OTX2
13Identification of novel mutations and sequence variants in the SOX2 and CHX10 genes in patients with anophthalmia/microphthalmia. (18385794)Zhou J.... Young T.L.2008SOX2, VSX2
14Familial recurrence of SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: phenotypically normal mother with two affected daughters. (18831064)Schneider A.... Young T.L.2008SOX2
15OTX2 mutation in a patient with anophthalmia, short stature, and partial growth hormone deficiency: functional studies using the IRBP, HESX1, and POU1F1 promoters. (18628516)Dateki S.... Ogata T.2008INS, POU1F1, HESX1
16Identification of STRA6 and SKI sequence variants in patients with anophthalmia/microphthalmia. (19112531)White T.... Young T.L.2008SKI, STRA6
17SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: 12 new cases demonstrating broader phenotype and high frequency of large gene deletions. (17522144)Bakrania P.... Ragge N.K.2007SOX2
18Mutations in the CHX10 gene in non-syndromic microphthalmia/anophthalmia patients from Qatar. (17661825)Faiyaz-Ul-Haque M.... Teebi A.S.2007VSX2
19Anophthalmia and microphthalmia. (18039390)Verma A.S.... FitzPatrick D.R.2007OTX2, SOX2, VSX2
20Mutations in STRA6 cause a broad spectrum of malformations including anophthalmia, congenital heart defects, diaphragmatic hernia, alveolar capillary dysplasia, lung hypoplasia, and mental retardation. (17273977)Pasutto F.... Rauch A.2007STRA6
21Deletion at 14q22-23 indicates a contiguous gene syndrome comprising anophthalmia, pituitary hypoplasia, and ear anomalies. (16835935)Nolen L.D.... Jamieson R.V.2006OTX2
22Anophthalmia-esophageal atresia syndrome caused by an SOX2 gene deletion in monozygotic twin brothers with markedly discordant phenotypes. (16892407)Zenteno J.C.... Aguinaga M.2006SOX2
23Bilateral anophthalmia and brain malformations caused by a 20-bp deletion in the SOX2 gene. (16283891)Zenteno J.C.... Tovilla-Canales J.L.2005SOX2
24Absence of SIX6 mutations in microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma. (15505031)Aijaz S.... Hanson I.2004SIX6
25Mutations in the human RAX homeobox gene in a patient with anophthalmia and sclerocornea. (14662654)Voronina V.A.... Mathers P.H.2004RAX
26Prenatal diagnosis of primary anophthalmia with a 3q27 interstitial deletion involving SOX2. (15503273)Guichet A.... Bonneau D.2004SOX2
27Analysis of the developmental SIX6 homeobox gene in patients with anophthalmia/microphthalmia. (15266624)Gallardo M.E.... Bovolenta P.2004SIX6
28CHX10 mutations cause non-syndromic microphthalmia/ anophthalmia in Arab and Jewish kindreds. (15257456)Bar-Yosef U.... Birk O.S.2004EYA1, EYA2, EYA3
29Mutations in SOX2 cause anophthalmia. (12612584)Fantes J.... FitzPatrick D.R.2003SOX2, SOX2-OT
30A case of growth hormone and gonadotropin deficiency associated with unilateral anophthalmia, microphallus, cryptorchidism, and mental retardation. (12008745)Miyako K.... Hara T.2002SOD1, HESX1
31Genetic heterogeneity of syndromic X-linked recessive microphthalmia-anophthalmia: is Lenz microphthalmia a single disorder? (12116202)Ng D.... Biesecker L.G.2002BCOR
32National study of microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) in Scotland: investigation of genetic aetiology. (11826019)Morrison D.... Campbell H.2002PAX6, SIX3, VSX2
33Genomic cloning and characterization of the human homeobox gene SIX6 reveals a cluster of SIX genes in chromosome 14 and associates SIX6 hemizygosity with bilateral anophthalmia and pituitary anomalies. (10512683)Gallardo M.E.... Rodriguez de Cordoba S.1999SIX3, SIX6, SIX4
34PAX6 gene dosage effect in a family with congenital cataracts, aniridia, anophthalmia and central nervous system defects. (7951315)Glaser T.... Maas R.L.1994PAX6
35Anophthalmia / Microph thalmia Overview (20301552)Bardakjian T.... Schneider A.S.1993BMP4, PAX6, PAX2
36Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in mentally retarded ad ults with microphthalmia and clinical anophthalmia. (2363423)Keppen L.D.... Poindexter A.R.1990PRL

Expression for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

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1BioGPS
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Expression patterns in normal tissues for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

Pathways for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

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36QIAGEN, 10EMD Millipore
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Compounds for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

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32Novoseek
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Compounds related to anophthalmia according to GeneDecks:

idCompoundScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1ptx132 9.9PITX2, PITX3, POU1F1

GO Terms for genes affiliated with Anophthalmia

Sources:
12Gene Ontology
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Cellular components related to anophthalmia according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1transcription factor complexGO:0056679.6EYA3, DACH1, PITX2, SKI, SOX2
2nucleusGO:0056343.8VAX1, HESX1, SOD1, SOX1, SOX14, SOX15

Biological processes related to anophthalmia according to GeneDecks:

(show all 32)
idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1nose morphogenesisGO:04358510.5SKI, STRA6
2forebrain anterior/posterior pattern specificationGO:02179710.4SIX3, PAX6
3eye developmentGO:00165410.4SOX2, SMOC1, PAX6
4positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiationGO:03085810.3PAX6, SOX2
5chromatin organizationGO:00632510.3SOX2, SOX15, SOX1
6inner ear morphogenesisGO:04247210.3SIX4, SOX2, OTX2, PAX2
7deltoid tuberosity developmentGO:03599310.3BMP4, PITX2
8camera-type eye developmentGO:04301010.3SKI, PITX2, PAX2, RAX, VAX1
9lens induction in camera-type eyeGO:06023510.2BMP4, SOX2, SIX3
10neuron fate commitmentGO:04866310.2BMP4, PAX6, SOX2
11negative regulation of neuron differentiationGO:04566510.2SOX3, SOX21, SOX2, PAX6
12lung alveolus developmentGO:04828610.1SOX2, STRA6, BMP4
13telencephalon regionalizationGO:02197810.1LHX2, BMP4
14positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesisGO:09019010.1BMP4, PAX2, SIX4
15mesodermal cell fate specificationGO:00750110.0EYA2, PAX2
16negative regulation of striated muscle tissue developmentGO:04584310.0BMP4, SOX15
17pituitary gland developmentGO:02198310.0SOX3, SOX2, PAX6, BMP4
18odontogenesisGO:04247610.0BMP4, BCOR, PITX2
19neural tube closureGO:0018439.9BMP4, PAX2, LHX2, SKI
20iris morphogenesisGO:0610729.9PITX2, PAX6
21metanephric collecting duct developmentGO:0722059.9PAX2, BMP4
22negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferationGO:0506809.9SOX2, PAX6, BMP4
23organ morphogenesisGO:0098879.8SIX6, SOX3, HCCS, PITX3, LHX4, PAX6
24visual perceptionGO:0076019.8SIX6, SIX3, EYA3, PAX2, PAX6, RAX
25branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesisGO:0016589.7EYA1, PAX2, BMP4
26histone dephosphorylationGO:0165769.5EYA3, EYA2, EYA1
27negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependentGO:0458929.3BMP4, PAX2, BCOR, HESX1, SOX14, SIX3
28negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoterGO:0001229.2SOX2, SOX15, SOX14, SKI, PITX2, BCOR
29positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependentGO:0458938.8GDF6, POU1F1, SOX2, PITX3, SRY, OTX2
30regulation of transcription, DNA-dependentGO:0063558.2SOX21, SOX2, SOX15, SOX1, PITX3, PITX2
31positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoterGO:0459448.1VSX2, SIX4, SIX3, POU1F1, SOX2, SOX15
32transcription, DNA-dependentGO:0063517.4EYA3, PITX3, SKI, HESX1, SOX1, SOX14

Molecular functions related to anophthalmia according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activityGO:0009819.7SOX21, PITX2, PAX6
2chromatin bindingGO:0036829.5EYA3, SKI, HESX1, SOX15, SOX2
3sequence-specific DNA bindingGO:0435658.3SIX6, SIX4, SIX3, POU1F1, SOX2, SOX14
4sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activityGO:0037007.7VSX2, SIX6, SIX4, POU1F1, SOX21, SOX2

Sources for Anophthalmia

2CDC
11FMA
18HMDB
19ICD9CM
20KEGG
24MeSH
25MGI
27NCIt
28NDF-RT
31NINDS
32Novoseek
33OMIM
35PubMed
36QIAGEN
43UMLS