Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder malady

NINDS: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects 3-5 percent of all American children. It interferes with a person's ability to stay on a task and to exercise age-appropriate inhibition (cognitive alone or both cognitive and behavioral). Some of the warning signs of ADHD include failure to listen to instructions, inability to organize oneself and school work, fidgeting with hands and feet, talking too much, leaving projects, chores and homework unfinished, and having trouble paying attention to and responding to details. There are several types of ADHD: a predominantly inattentive subtype, a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive subtype, and a combined subtype. ADHD is usually diagnosed in childhood, although the condition can continue into the adult years.³¹

MalaCards: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as attention deficit disorder, is related to adhd and alcoholism. An important gene associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is SLC6A3 (solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3), and among its related pathways are Amine ligand-binding receptors and Tryptophan metabolism. The drugs nortriptyline hydrochloride and bupropion hydrobromide and the compounds methylphenidate and maoa have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, cortex and thyroid, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and renal/urinary system.

Disease Ontology: A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity, with each behavior occurring infrequently alone" and symptoms starting before seven years of age.⁶

MedlinePlus: Is it hard for your child to sit still? does your child act without thinking first? does your child start but not finish things? if so, your child may have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd for short.) nearly everyone shows some of these behaviors at times, but adhd lasts more than 6 months and causes problems in school, at home and in social situations. adhd is more common in boys than girls, and it affects 3-5 percent of children in the united states. the principal characteristics of adhd are inattention hyperactivity impulsivity no one knows exactly what causes adhd. it runs in families, so genetics may be a factor. a complete evaluation by a trained professional is the only way to know for sure if your child has adhd. treatment often includes medicines to control symptoms. structure at home and at school is also important. parenting classes or behavioral therapy may also help. nih: national institute of mental health²³

CDC: People with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active. Although ADHD can't be cured, it can be successfully managed and some symptoms may improve as the child ages.²

Genetics Home Reference: 48,XXYY syndrome is a chromosomal condition that causes medical and behavioral problems in males.¹⁷

Wikipedia: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric and neurobehavioral disorder...⁴⁴ more...

OMIM: 143465

Aliases & Descriptions:

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6 23 43 attention deficit disorder 6 32 43 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 31 33 attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 33 32

attention deficit hyperactivity disease 8 attention deficit-hyperactivity 43 hyperkinesis 6

Disease types for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder family:

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 7	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 6
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 5

Diseases related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 369)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	adhd	37.6	BDNF, CHRNA7, CHRNA4, S100B, CDH13, GTS
2	alcoholism	35.1	GRIN2A, GRIN2B, IL1RN, MAOA, MAOB, HTR1A
3	tourette syndrome	33.8	CNTNAP2, BDNF, MOG, ITGA1, ISL1, GTS
4	eating disorder	33.5	BDNF, MC4R, HTR1A, HTR2A, NTRK2, COMT
5	schizophrenia	33.4	MTHFR, HTR2A, DRD3, COMT
6	personality disorder	33.1	MAOA, MAOB, HTR1B, TPH1, TPH2, DRD2
7	learning disability	32.8	FMR1, MECP2, TTF2, DBH, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
8	conduct disorder	32.6	MAOA, HTR1B, SLC6A4
9	seasonal affective disorder	32.1	CLOCK, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, TPH1, DRD4
10	rett syndrome	31.7	BDNF, S100B, MECP2, TPH1, DRD2, NGF
11	panic disorder	30.6	BDNF, CHRNA4, AVPR1B, GRM7, MAOA, HTR1A
12	parkinson's disease	29.9	LMX1B, BDNF, CHRNA7, CHRNA4, FMR1, INSR
13	obesity	29.7	LPL, LIF, LIN7C, CLOCK, BDNF, MTHFR
14	major depressive disorder	29.2	LMX1B, CLOCK, BDNF, CHRNA7, MTHFR, S100B
15	alcohol dependence	28.5	BDNF, MTHFR, S100B, CDH13, ARRB2, GRIK1
16	hypertension	26.9	CNTNAP2, LPL, LIF, CLOCK, BDNF, CHRNA7
17	immunodeficiency	26.6	LIF, BDNF, S100B, FOS, FMR1, INSR
18	thyroiditis	23.8	NAV2, LPL, LMX1B, LIF, MTHFR, S100B
19	cerebritis	23.5	CNTNAP2, KIAA0319, LPL, LIF, BDNF, SCN8A
20	neuronitis	21.2	ZNF423, CNTNAP2, KIAA0319, NAV2, LPL, LMX1B
21	pathological gambling	14.3	MAOA, MAOB, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4
22	conduction disease	14.2	MAOA, DRD4, DRD5, DBH, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
23	novelty seeking personality	14.2	MAOA, DRD2, DRD4, COMT, SLC6A2
24	antisocial personality disorder	14.2	MAOA, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR3B, DRD2, DRD4
25	growth mental deficiency syndrome of myhre	14.2	CLOCK, BDNF, MECP2, MAOA, HTR2C, DRD2
26	manic-depressive illness	14.1	MAOA, MAOB, TPH1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4
27	drug addiction	14.1	BDNF, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3, SLC18A2
28	aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma	14.1	MAOA, MAOB, HTR1A, HTR1B, TPH1, DRD2
29	neurotic disorder	14.1	BDNF, MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, DRD2, DRD3
30	orthostatic intolerance	14.1	SLC6A2, ADRB2, ADRA2C, ADRB1, ADRA2B, ADRA2A
31	central nervous system disease	14.1	BDNF, CHRNA7, MOG, HTR2A, HRH3, CYP2D6
32	cognitive disease	14.0	BDNF, CHRNA7, HTR1A, DRD1, DRD3, COMT
33	social phobia	14.0	MAOA, HTR1A, DRD2, COMT, SLC6A4
34	myoclonus	14.0	MECP2, HTR1A, HTR1D, HTR2A, HTR2C, DRD2
35	resting heart rate	14.0	FADS1, TTF2, SLC6A4, ADRB2, ADRB1, ADRA2B
36	alcoholic psychosis	14.0	HTR2A, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
37	orthostatic hypotension	14.0	MAOA, MAOB, DDC, DBH
38	tic disorder	14.0	HTR2A, DRD2, DRD4
39	postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome	14.0	NOS1, DBH, SLC6A2, ADRB2, ADRA2C
40	movement disease	14.0	FMR1, DRD2, DRD3, DDC, CYP2D6, TH
41	insomnia	14.0	CLOCK, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, TTF2, SLC6A1
42	borderline personality disorder	14.0	MAOA, HTR1B, TPH1, COMT, PRL, SLC6A4
43	lewy body dementia	14.0	MAOB, CYP2D6, TH, SLC6A3, SLC18A2
44	generalized anxiety disorder	13.9	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, TPH1, NPY
45	memory impairment	13.9	BDNF, FMR1, MAOB, HTR1A, HTR2A, DRD1
46	developmental disabilities	13.9	BDNF, FMR1, FGD1, MECP2, MAOA, HTR1A
47	endogenous depression	13.9	BDNF, HTR1A, DRD3, SLC6A4
48	substance dependence	13.9	BDNF, FOS, FGD1, GRIK1, MAOA, HTR1B
49	anxiety-related personality traits	13.9	BDNF, COMT, NGF, SLC6A4
50	opiate dependence	13.9	DRD2, DRD3, COMT, TH

Clinical features from OMIM: 143465

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS/NDF-RT:

^43 28 amphetamine, amphetamine adipate, amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine sulfate, amphetamine/dextroamphetamine resin complex, atomoxetine, atomoxetine hcl, bupropion, bupropion hydrobromide, bupropion hydrochloride, clonidine, clonidine hcl pwdr [va product], clonidine hydrochloride, desipramine, desipramine hydrochloride, dexmethylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride, dextroamphetamine, dextroamphetamine adipate, dextroamphetamine saccharate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, imipramine, imipramine hydrochloride, imipramine pamoate, methylphenidate, methylphenidate hydrochloride, modafinil, nortriptyline, nortriptyline hydrochloride, pemoline, selegiline, selegiline hydrochloride, venlafaxine, venlafaxine hydrochloride

MalaCards organs/tissues related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:

²⁵ (show all 23)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.6	CYP1A2, SNAP25, SYT1, DBH, DRD5, HTR2A
2	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	9.8	SULF2, DDC, CORO1A, NGFR, DHCR7, PER1
3	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	9.5	TPH1, TPH2, DRD2, DRD3, NOS1, NPY
4	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.5	CYP1A2, NFIL3, HCN1, HES1, THRB, SYP
5	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	9.4	SULF2, NR1H2, SNAP25, COMT, THRB, PRL
6	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	9.4	PER1, HES1, NFIL3, CORO1A, FHIT, FOXP1
7	taste/olfaction phenotype	MP:0005394	9.3	SNAP25, NGFR, HES1, SLC6A3, SLC6A1, SLC18A2
8	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	9.3	ZNF423, LPL, LIF, DMRT2, SULF2, NTF3
9	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	9.1	DRD2, DMRT2, NR1H2, SNAP25, NOS1, THRB
10	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	9.1	DHCR7, THRB, NGFR, NOS1, SNAP25, NR1H2
11	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	8.5	NGFR, ABCB1, HES1, THRB, SOD1, SLC1A3
12	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	8.5	NGFR, NOS1, SULF2, DRD3, DRD2, NFIL3
13	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	7.7	HES1, HCN1, NGFR, NOS1, NR1H2, NTRK3
14	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	7.7	TH, ABCB1, NGFR, COMT, NOS1, PNMT
15	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	7.3	NGFR, NGF, NOS1, SNAP25, NTRK3, NTRK2
16	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	7.1	COMT, CORO1A, NOS1, NR1H2, CYP1A2, DDC
17	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	7.1	FHIT, NGFR, HCN1, TH, TDO2, DBH
18	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	7.0	CORO1A, NOS1, NR4A2, NR1H2, NTRK2, DDC
19	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	6.3	CLOCK, BDNF, SCN8A, MTHFR, MOG, FOS
20	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	5.4	HCN1, SLC18A2, PER1, ADRB2, ADRA2C, ADRA2B
21	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	5.3	NGF, SLC6A3, SLC1A3, SLC6A1, SLC6A4, SLC18A2
22	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	4.6	ZNF423, LPL, LMX1B, LIF, LIN7C, FHIT
23	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	4.4	DRD2, NGFR, ABCB1, HES1, TH, THRB

Articles related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder:

(show top 50)    (show all 347)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	A family based association study of DRD4, DAT1, and 5 HTT and continuous traits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (21207241)	Bidwell L.C.... Pennington B.F.	2011	SLC6A3, SLC6A4, DRD4
2	Association analyses of MAOA in Chinese Han subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: family-based association test, c ase-control study, and quantitative traits of impulsivity. (21761555)	Liu L.... Wang Y.F.	2011	MAOA
3	Association study between a polymorphism at the 3'-un translated region of CLOCK gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (20704703)	Xu X.... Asherson P.	2010	CLOCK
4	Dopaminergic haplotype as a predictor of spatial inat tention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (19805704)	Bellgrove M.A.... Chambers C.D.	2009	SLC6A3
5	A psycho-genetic study of associations between the symptoms of binge eating disorder and those of attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder. (19041097)	Davis C.... Kennedy J.L.	2009	DRD3
6	Molecular genetic contribution to the developmental course of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (18563476)	Langley K.... Thapar A.	2008	SLC6A4, DRD4, DRD5
7	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obese melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) deficient subjects: a newly described expression of MC4R deficiency. (18777518)	Agranat-Meged A.... Mitrani-Rosenbaum S.	2008	MC4R
8	A preliminary report of the dopamine receptor D(4) and the dopamine transporter 1 gene polymorphism and its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (19043512)	Niederhofer H.... Menzel H.J.	2008	DRD4
9	Intelligence in DSM-IV combined type attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not predicted by either dopamine receptor/transporter genes or other previously identified risk alleles for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (18023044)	Sonuga-Barke E.J.... Faraone S.V.	2008	SLC6A3, DRD1
10	Oxidative imbalance in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (18644422)	Selek S.... Yilmaz H.R.	2008	SOD1
11	Investigation of the dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5) in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (18164132)	Squassina A.... Muglia P.	2008	DRD5
12	Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations. (18821565)	Lasky-Su J.... Faraone S.V.	2008	COMT, LPL, DDC
13	No evidence of an association between norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A family-based and case-control association study in a Korean sample. (18552510)	Cho S.C.... Park T.W.	2008	SLC6A2
14	A replicated molecular genetic basis for subtyping antisocial behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (18250258)	Caspi A.... Thapar A.	2008	COMT
15	Association of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (18937300)	Brookes K.J.... Kent L.	2008	STS
16	Association study between the monoamine oxidase A gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Taiwanese samples. (17328795)	Xu X.... Asherson P.	2007	MAOA
17	Association between serotonin 1D gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid or not comorbid learning disorder (17940576)	Li J.... Wang B.	2007	HTR1D
18	The serotonin receptor HTR1B: gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (16958036)	Ickowicz A.... Barr C.L.	2007	HTR1B
19	What do dopamine transporter and catechol-o-methyltransferase tell us about attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder? Pharmacogenomic implications. (17464676)	Levy F.	2007	COMT
20	A promoter polymorphism (-839 C > T) at the dopamine transporter gene is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Brazilian children. (17044101)	Genro J.P.... Hutz M.H.	2007	SLC6A3
21	Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism predicts adolescent outcome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (17427196)	Li J.... Faraone S.V.	2007	MAOA, MAOB
22	Candidate gene studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (16961425)	Faraone S.V.... Khan S.A.	2006	SNAP25, HTR1B, SLC6A4
23	The serotonin 5-HT1D receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects. (17099886)	Li J.... Faraone S.V.	2006	HTR1D
24	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) association with the DAT1 core promoter -67 T allele. (16782077)	Ohadi M.... Najmabadi H.	2006	SLC6A3
25	Association between serotonin 1D gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid or not comorbid disruptive behavior disorder (17068621)	Li J.... Yang L.	2006	HTR1D
26	Lack of significant association between -1021C-->T polymorphism in the dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (16616989)	Bhaduri N.... Mukhopadhyay K.	2006	DBH
27	A family-based study of Indian subjects from Kolkata reveals allelic association of the serotonin transporter intron-2 (STin2) polymorphism and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (16583436)	Banerjee E.... Nandagopal K.	2006	SLC6A4
28	Association between dopamine beta hydroxylase gene a nd attention deficit hyperactivity disorder complicated with disruptive behavio r disorder (15796803)	Zhang H.B.... Yang L.	2005	DBH
29	Reduced midbrain dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: association between striatal dopamine markers and motor hyperactivity. (15691523)	Jucaite A.... Farde L.	2005	SLC6A3
30	Mutation screen of the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF): identification of several genetic variants and association studies in patients with obesity, eating disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (15457498)	Friedel S.... Hebebrand J.	2005	BDNF
31	The dopamine transporter and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (15950014)	Madras B.K.... Fischman A.J.	2005	SLC6A3, SLC6A2
32	Association of the calcyon gene (DRD1IP) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (16172615)	Laurin N.... Barr C.L.	2005	DRD1, CALY
33	The genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (16244326)	Thapar A.... Owen M.J.	2005	DRD5
34	Serotonin 5-HT1B receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects. (15578608)	Li J.... Faraone S.V.	2005	HTR1B
35	Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele. (15578612)	Leung P.W.... Swanson J.	2005	DRD4
36	Association of dopamine beta-hydroxylase polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children (15205702)	Zhang H.B.... Yang L.	2004	DBH
37	Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A (GRIN2A) gene as a positional candidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the 16p13 region. (14699423)	Adams J.... Barr C.L.	2004	GRIN2A
38	High prevalence of rare dopamine receptor D4 alleles in children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (12808433)	Grady D.L.... Moyzis R.K.	2003	DRD4
39	The dopamine transporter gene is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a Taiwanese sample. (12740596)	Chen C.K.... Asherson P.	2003	SLC6A3
40	No evidence of association of two 5HT transporter gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (12782968)	Langley K.... Thapar A.	2003	SLC6A4
41	Dopamine system genes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. (12454525)	Maher B.S.... Vanyukov M.M.	2002	DRD5
42	Polymorphism of the serotonin-2A receptor gene (HTR2A) associated with childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult women with seasonal affective disorder. (12167522)	Levitan R.D.... Kennedy J.L.	2002	HTR2A
43	Linkage study of the alpha2A adrenergic receptor in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder families. (11304829)	Xu C.... Barr C.L.	2001	ADRA2A
44	Association and linkage of DRD4 and DRD5 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Turkish children. (10889550)	Tahir E.... Asherson P.J.	2000	DRD5, DRD4
45	A haplotype relative risk study of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (10898895)	Eisenberg J.... Ebstein R.P.	2000	DRD4
46	Failure to replicate an association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a second, independently recruited Israeli cohort. (11121197)	Manor I.... Tyano S.	2000	COMT
47	Linkage study of two polymorphisms at the dopamine D3 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (10686563)	Barr C.L.... Kennedy J.L.	2000	DRD3
48	Serotonin, aggression, and parental psychopathology i n children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (9334552)	Halperin J.M.... Sharma V.	1997	PRL
49	The dopamine D4 receptor and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (9118326)	Licinio J.	1996	DRD4
50	A controlled family history study of Tourette's syndrome, I: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disorders. (2365665)	Comings D.E.... Comings B.G.	1990	GTS

Genes related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 149)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	SLC6A3	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	11.1	Publications, Summaries
2	ADHD6	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 6	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions
3	ADHD5	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 5	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions
4	DRD4	dopamine receptor D4	11.1	Publications, Summaries
5	ADHD3	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 2	11.1	Publications, Aliases & Descriptions
6	ADHD4	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 4	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions, Publications
7	ADHD2	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 2	11.1	Publications, Aliases & Descriptions
8	ADHD1	Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, susceptibility to, 1	11.1	Publications, Aliases & Descriptions
9	SLC9A9	solute carrier family 9, subfamily A (NHE9, cation proton antiporter 9), member 9	11.1	Publications, Summaries
10	DOCK3	dedicator of cytokinesis 3	11.1	Publications, Summaries
11	TPH2	tryptophan hydroxylase 2	11.1	Publications
12	DRD5	dopamine receptor D5	11.1	Publications
13	SLC6A2	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2	11.0	Publications
14	DBH	dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)	11.0	Publications
15	ADRA2A	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	11.0	Publications
16	ADRA2C	adrenoceptor alpha 2C	11.0	Publications
17	HTR1B	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
18	SNAP25	synaptosomal-associated protein, 25kDa	11.0	Publications
19	CHRNA4	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal)	11.0	Publications
20	DRD1	dopamine receptor D1	11.0	Publications
21	MAOA	monoamine oxidase A	11.0	Publications
22	COMT	catechol-O-methyltransferase	11.0	Functions, Publications
23	SLC6A4	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	11.0	Publications
24	TPH1	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	11.0	Publications
25	HRH3	histamine receptor H3	11.0
26	ADRA1A	adrenoceptor alpha 1A	11.0	Publications
27	MAOB	monoamine oxidase B	11.0	Publications
28	HTR2A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
29	DRD2	dopamine receptor D2	11.0	Publications
30	ADRB2	adrenoceptor beta 2, surface	11.0	Publications
31	BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	11.0	Publications
32	HTR2C	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
33	TTF2	transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase II	11.0	Publications
34	SLC18A2	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 2	11.0	Publications
35	FMR1	fragile X mental retardation 1	11.0
36	MECP2	methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)	11.0
37	CYP2D6	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6	11.0	Publications
38	CHRNA7	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7 (neuronal)	11.0	Publications
39	CAMK2G	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	11.0	Publications
40	GRIN2A	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2A	11.0	Publications
41	THRB	thyroid hormone receptor, beta	11.0	Publications
42	CYP1A2	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	11.0
43	LOC100130063	chromosome 16 open reading frame 61 pseudogene	11.0
44	LOC100128497	mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like	11.0	Publications
45	LOC128322	nuclear transport factor 2-like	11.0	Publications
46	GTS	Gilles de la Tourette syndrome	11.0	Publications
47	NAPRT1	nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing 1	11.0	Publications
48	CALY	calcyon neuron-specific vesicular protein	11.0	Publications
49	LIN7B	lin-7 homolog B (C. elegans)	11.0	Publications
50	LIN7C	lin-7 homolog C (C. elegans)	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show all 35)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Amine ligand-binding receptors38	10.8	HTR5A, HTR6, HRH3, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3
2	Tryptophan metabolism20	10.8	TDO2, CYP1A2, DDC, TPH2, TPH1, ALDH2
3	Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics34	10.8	PPP1R1B, SNAP25, TH, SLC18A2, DDC, DRD4
4	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)41	10.8	MAOB, DDC, PNMT, COMT, TH, DBH
5	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)10	10.8	DBH, MAOA, MAOB, DDC, PNMT, COMT
6	Tyrosine metabolism20	10.8	DBH, TH, COMT, PNMT, DDC, MAOB
7	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	10.7	SLC18A2, SLC6A4, MAOA, HTR1A, HTR1D, HTR1E
8	Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction)34	10.6	CHRNA7, DDC, TH, DBH, NPY, SLC6A2
9	Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR210	10.6	ADRB1, ADRB2, DRD5, DRD1, HTR6, HTR4
10	Development_Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR241	10.6	ADRB1, ADRB2, DRD5, DRD1, HTR6, HTR4
11	Transcription_CREB pathway41	10.6	ADRB1, ADRB2, DRD1, CAMK2G, HTR6
12	Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives38	10.5	DBH, TDO2, TH, PNMT, DDC, TPH2
13	Transcription CREB pathway10	10.5	ADRB1, CAMK2G, HTR6, HTR4
14	CDK5 Pathway36	10.5	NGFR, PPP1R1B, NTRK2, DRD5, DRD4, DRD3
15	Calcium signaling pathway20	10.4	CAMK2G, DRD1, DRD5, NOS1, ADRB2, ADRA1A
16	Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway36	10.3	NOS1, PPP1R1B, DRD5, DRD4, DRD3, DRD2
17	Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling3	10.3	ADRB2, SYT1, PPP1R1B, CAMK2G, HTR1A, GRIN2A
18	Citalopram Pathway, Pharmacokinetics34	10.2	SLC6A4, ABCB1, CYP2D6
19	Development_Neurotrophin family signaling41	10.1	NGF, NGFR, NTRK3, NTRK2, BDNF, NTF3
20	Development MAG-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth10	10.1	BDNF, NTF3, NTRK2, NTRK3, NGF, NGFR
21	Development Neurotrophin family signaling10	10.1	BDNF, NTF3, NTRK2, NTRK3, NGF, NGFR
22	Activation of PKA through GPCR36	10.1	ADRB2, ADRA2C, ADRA1A, ADRB1, ADRA2B, ADRA2A
23	cAMP Pathway36	10.1	NGFR, ADRB2, ADRA2C, ADRA1A, ADRB1, ADRA2B
24	Development_MAG-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth41	10.0	NGFR, NGF, NTRK3, NTRK2, NTF3, BDNF
25	Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA36	10.0	PPP1R1B, ADRB2, ADRA2C, ADRA1A, ADRB1, ADRA2B
26	Signaling Involved in Cardiac Hypertrophy36	10.0	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRB1, ADRA1A, ADRB2, NTRK3
27	Neurotrophin signaling pathway20	9.8	BDNF, CAMK2G, NTF3, NTRK2, NTRK3, NGF
28	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	9.8	CHRNA7, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR4, HTR5A, HTR6
29	Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons36	9.6	NOS1, NTRK2, CAMK2G, GRM7, GRIN2B, GRIN2A
30	ERK5 Signaling36	9.6	NGFR, NTRK3, NTRK2, NTF3, GNAL, FGF10
31	Intracellular Calcium Signaling36	9.5	HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3B, HTR4, HTR5A, HTR6
32	Glutamic acid signaling10	9.4	SLC1A3, GRM7, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIK1
33	CREB Pathway36	9.4	NGFR, NTRK3, NTRK2, NTF3, CAMK2G, GNAL
34	Rho Family GTPases36	8.5	GNAL, NTF3, NTRK2, NTRK3, NET1, IL16
35	Neuroscience3	8.1	SYP, SYT1, DBH, SOD1, SLC1A3, ADRB2

Compounds related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 386)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	methylphenidate32 9 9	13.1	ADRA2A, SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, TH
2	maoa32	11.1	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, DBH, TH, COMT
3	Methotrimeprazine9 9	12.0	CYP1A2, DRD5, DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
4	Ephedra9 9	12.0	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRB1, ADRA2C, ADRB2, SLC18A2
5	pseudoephedrine32 9 18 9	14.0	MAOA, CYP2D6, SLC6A2, ADRA2A, ADRB1, ADRA1A
6	nicotine32 34 9 9	13.9	SLC6A2, PPP1R1B, CYP2D6, CYP1A2
7	amine32	10.9	HTR2C, HTR1D, HTR1B, MAOB, MAOA, MC4R
8	amoxapine32 9 9	12.8	CHRM1, HTR2A, ADRA2A, ADRA1A, SLC6A4, SLC6A2
9	ketanserin32	10.8	SLC18A2, SLC6A4, DRD2, DRD1, HTR4, HTR2C
10	tyramine32 18	11.8	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, SLC6A2, TH, COMT, CYP2D6
11	homovanillic acid32 18	11.8	PRL, DBH, TH, COMT, DDC, TPH1
12	ziprasidone32 9 9	12.7	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, ADRA2C, PRL, CYP2D6
13	mdma32	10.6	SLC6A2, PRL, TH, CYP2D6, DDC, TPH1
14	fluvoxamine32 34 9 9	13.6	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, ABCB1, CYP2D6, CYP1A2
15	venlafaxine32 34 9 18 9	14.6	SLC6A3, SLC6A2, ABCB1, CYP2D6, TPH2, HTR2A
16	yohimbine32 9 9	12.6	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, NPY, CYP2D6, DRD3
17	ergotamine32 9 9	12.5	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, SLC6A2, ABCB1, CYP1A2
18	mptp32	10.5	DBH, TH, NGF, COMT, NOS1, DDC
19	pindolol32 9 9	12.5	HTR1B, HTR1A, LPL, HTR2A, ADRB1, ADRB2
20	imipramine32 34 9 18 9	14.4	SLC6A4, BDNF, CHRM1, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, DBH
21	apomorphine32 9 9	12.4	GDNF, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, MAOB, FOS
22	trimipramine32 34 9 9	13.4	ADRA2B, ADRA1A, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, PRL
23	amphetamine32 9 9	12.4	GDNF, SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, NPY
24	paliperidone32 9 9	12.4	DRD2, DRD1, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1D, HTR1A
25	clomipramine32 34 9 9	13.4	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2
26	risperidone32 34 9 18 9	14.3	COMT, CYP2D6, DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
27	desipramine32 34 9 9	13.1	SLC6A2, TH, ABCB1, NGF, NTF3, CYP2D6
28	opiate32	10.1	ADRB2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, NPY, PRL, DBH
29	5-hydroxytryptamine32	10.1	PNMT, MAOB, MAOA, CHRM1, CHRNA7, HTR1A
30	6-hydroxydopamine32	9.8	GDNF, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, NPY, SOD1, DBH
31	selegiline32 9 9	11.8	GDNF, SLC6A3, SOD1, TH, ABCB1, NGF
32	ethanol32 34 9 18 9	13.7	BDNF, PNMT, PPP1R1B, NTRK2, NTF3, CYP1A2
33	clozapine32 34 9 9	12.5	FOS, CHRM1, CHRNA7, GRIN2B, ABCB1, NOS1
34	epinephrine32 9 18 9	12.4	ADRA1A, ADRB2, SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, NPY
35	corticosterone32 18	10.3	PNMT, NR4A2, NR1H2, HTR1A, MC4R, IL1RN
36	gaba32 42	10.2	GDNF, ADRB2, SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A1, NTF3
37	cysteine32	9.2	NTF3, DRD1, TPH1, ALDH2, HTR2C, MAOB
38	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	11.8	GDNF, ADRB2, SLC18A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, NPY
39	cocaine32 9 9	10.7	GDNF, ADRB2, SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2
40	choline32 9 18 9	11.7	TPH1, CAMK2G, MAOB, S100B, MTHFR, CHRM1
41	histamine32 18	9.6	SLC6A2, NPY, DBH, SYP, TF, TH
42	glutamate32	8.6	SYT1, TH, NGFR, COMT, NOS1, SNAP25
43	kainate32	8.6	CAMK2G, IL1RN, GRM7, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIK1
44	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	11.5	GDNF, SYP, TF, TH, NGF, COMT
45	cyclic amp32 18	9.5	ADRA2A, ADRB1, ADRB2, NPY, SYP, HCN1
46	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	11.4	SLC6A1, SLC1A3, NPY, SOD1, DBH, SYP
47	forskolin32 42 9 9	11.4	NR4A2, PPP1R1B, NTRK2, NTF3, DRD1, TPH1
48	nmda32 42	9.3	MAOB, MAOA, IL1RN, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIK1
49	testosterone32 9 18 9	10.6	LPL, LIF, NTRK3, NTRK2, CYP2D6, CYP1A2
50	retinoic acid32 42 18	8.3	GDNF, HAS3, ADRB1, SLC18A2, NPY, CYP2D6

Cellular components related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show all 14)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	terminal button	GO:043195	10.3	SLC18A2, DBH, NTRK2, DRD4, GRIN2B, GRIN2A
2	endosome	GO:005768	10.2	ADRA2C, ADRB2, STS, NGFR, NGF, SNAP25
3	postsynaptic density	GO:014069	10.1	NLGN4X, NTRK2, DRD2, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, CHRM1
4	postsynaptic membrane	GO:045211	9.8	NLGN4X, HTR3B, GRM7, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, GRIK1
5	perikaryon	GO:043204	9.7	CNTNAP2, ITGA1, HTR5A, DRD2, TH
6	neuron projection	GO:043005	9.6	TH, SNAP25, TPH2, TPH1, GRIN2B, ITGA1
7	axon	GO:030424	9.5	ADRA2C, ADRB2, SLC6A1, SLC6A3, HCN1, DDC
8	cell junction	GO:030054	9.5	SYT1, SYP, SYN3, NLGN4X, SNAP25, GRIN2B
9	neuronal cell body	GO:043025	9.3	SNAP25, DBH, SOD1, SLC6A3, SLC1A3, SLC18A2
10	dendrite	GO:030425	8.9	DBH, HCN1, NLGN4X, DRD2, HTR5A, GRM7
11	membrane	GO:016020	8.9	ABCB1, STS, DBH, SLC6A2, SLC1A3, SLC6A1
12	cell surface	GO:009986	8.7	SLC6A1, SLC1A3, ABCB1, NGFR, NLGN4X, NTRK2
13	integral to plasma membrane	GO:005887	8.7	INSR, GRIK1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRM7, FADS2
14	plasma membrane	GO:005886	5.4	SLC6A3, HAS3, SLC1A3, SLC6A1, SLC6A4, SLC18A2

Biological processes related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 74)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	dopamine catabolic process	GO:042420	11.0	SLC6A3, DBH, COMT, MAOA
2	visual learning	GO:008542	11.0	DBH, PPP1R1B, DRD5, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
3	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO:014059	10.9	DRD3, DRD2, HTR2A, HTR1B, CHRNA4
4	fear response	GO:042596	10.9	ADRA2A, ADRB1, DBH, DRD4, BDNF
5	dopamine metabolic process	GO:042417	10.9	DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, GRIN2A
6	monoamine transport	GO:015844	10.9	SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2
7	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	GO:001963	10.9	TH, DRD5, DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
8	behavioral response to cocaine	GO:048148	10.8	DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
9	regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:051584	10.8	GDNF, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
10	serotonin receptor signaling pathway	GO:007210	10.8	HTR5A, HTR4, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1E
11	social behavior	GO:035176	10.8	DRD3, DRD4, NLGN4X, DBH, SLC6A4, MECP2
12	response to cocaine	GO:042220	10.8	SLC18A2, SLC6A1, SLC6A3, DRD5, DRD3, DRD2
13	activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	GO:071883	10.8	ADRA2C, ADRA2B, ADRA2A
14	G-protein coupled receptor internalization	GO:002031	10.7	DRD3, DRD2, HTR1B, ARRB2
15	circadian rhythm	GO:007623	10.7	PER1, SLC6A4, NFIL3, DDC, TPH2, CLOCK
16	serotonin biosynthetic process	GO:042427	10.7	DDC, TPH2, TPH1
17	response to histamine	GO:034776	10.7	DRD4, DRD3, DRD2
18	catecholamine biosynthetic process	GO:042423	10.7	DBH, TH, PNMT, DDC
19	response to nicotine	GO:035094	10.7	SLC6A3, NGF, DRD2, CHRNA4, CHRNA7
20	regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	GO:048169	10.7	SYP, DRD5, DRD2, DRD1, GRIN2B, GRIN2A
21	circadian regulation of gene expression	GO:032922	10.6	CLOCK, DRD2, DRD3, PER1
22	prepulse inhibition	GO:060134	10.6	DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3
23	neurotransmitter secretion	GO:007269	10.6	SLC18A2, SLC6A1, SYT1, SYN3, SNAP25, HRH3
24	activation of adenylate cyclase activity	GO:007190	10.6	ADRB1, ADRB2, NTRK2, DRD5, DRD1, GNAL
25	sensory perception of pain	GO:019233	10.6	ADRB1, NGF, HTR2A, GRIN2A, MECP2, CHRNA4
26	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	GO:042136	10.6	SLC6A3, TH, COMT, NOS1, ALDH2, MAOA
27	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	GO:007187	10.6	NPY, DRD1, HRH3, HTR6, HTR5A, HTR4
28	activation of protein kinase B activity	GO:032148	10.6	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, INSR
29	negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process	GO:030818	10.6	GRM7, HTR1B, DRD4, ADRA2A
30	cellular response to manganese ion	GO:071287	10.5	GRIN2B, DBH, GRIN2A
31	negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	GO:007194	10.5	ADRA2A, DRD4, DRD3, DRD2, GRM7
32	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:007186	10.5	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA1A, ADRA2C, OXER1, DRD3
33	phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:060158	10.4	DRD5, DRD2, DRD1
34	feeding behavior	GO:007631	10.4	NPY, NTRK2, DRD2, HTR2C, MC4R, BDNF
35	behavioral fear response	GO:001662	10.4	DRD4, DRD1, GRM7, GRIN2B, MECP2
36	learning	GO:007612	10.3	SLC6A1, TH, COMT, NTRK2, DRD3
37	learning or memory	GO:007611	10.3	STS, DRD3, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, S100B, BDNF
38	response to amphetamine	GO:001975	10.3	SLC18A2, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GNAL, SOD1, DBH
39	memory	GO:007613	10.2	ADRB1, SLC6A4, DBH, TH, NGF, DRD1
40	epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:035625	10.2	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
41	glutamate secretion	GO:014047	10.2	BDNF, NTRK2, SNAP25, SYT1
42	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	10.1	ADRA1A, ADRB2, NTRK2, FGF10, INSR, LIF
43	response to ethanol	GO:045471	10.1	SLC6A3, SOD1, TH, DRD3, HTR1B, MAOB
44	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008284	10.0	DRD3, NTRK2, NGF, HES1, STS, ADRB2
45	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	GO:043524	10.0	GDNF, SOD1, NGF, NTRK2, NTF3, MECP2
46	locomotory behavior	GO:007626	9.9	SLC18A2, SLC6A3, SOD1, DBH, TH, DRD3
47	response to drug	GO:042493	9.8	DRD3, COMT, NGF, ABCB1, SOD1, SLC6A3
48	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	9.7	TH, ABCB1, COMT, PNMT, SNAP25, TDO2
49	synaptic transmission	GO:007268	9.5	SLC18A2, SLC6A1, SLC1A3, SLC6A3, SLC6A2, NPY
50	cerebral cortex development	GO:021987	9.2	NPY, NTRK2, GRIN2B, GRIN2A, CNTNAP2

Molecular functions related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show all 15)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	GO:008504	10.8	SLC18A2, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SLC6A2
2	dopamine binding	GO:035240	10.8	ADRB1, ADRB2, SLC6A3, DRD5, DRD4, DRD3
3	dopamine receptor activity	GO:004952	10.7	DRD5, DRD4, DRD1
4	epinephrine binding	GO:051379	10.7	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRB1, ADRA2C, ADRB2
5	serotonin binding	GO:051378	10.7	HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1E, HTR1D, HTR1B, HTR1A
6	alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity	GO:004938	10.6	ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C
7	dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go	GO:001591	10.6	DRD4, DRD3, DRD2
8	serotonin receptor activity	GO:004993	10.5	HTR5A, HTR4, HTR3B, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1E
9	drug binding	GO:008144	10.5	CHRM1, ADRB1, ADRB2, SLC18A2, SLC6A3, CYP2D6
10	syntaxin-1 binding	GO:017075	10.5	SLC6A4, SYT1, SYP, SNAP25
11	norepinephrine binding	GO:051380	10.4	ADRA2A, ADRB1, ADRB2
12	iron ion binding	GO:005506	10.4	TDO2, TH, NOS1, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, TPH2
13	amino acid binding	GO:016597	10.2	TDO2, DDC, TPH2, TPH1
14	glutamate binding	GO:016595	10.1	GRIN2A, GRM7, SLC1A3
15	protein homodimerization activity	GO:042803	9.5	GDNF, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, ADRB2, SLC6A4, SOD1