Summaries for Autistic Disorder

Sources:
6Disease Ontology, 23MedlinePlus, 31NINDS, 44Wikipedia, 22MalaCards
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MedlinePlus: Autism is a disorder that is usually first diagnosed in early childhood. the main signs and symptoms of autism involve communication, social interactions and repetitive behaviors. children with autism might have problems talking with you, or they might not look you in the eye when you talk to them. they may have to line up their pencils before they can pay attention, or they may say the same sentence again and again to calm themselves down. they may flap their arms to tell you they are happy, or they might hurt themselves to tell you they are not. some people with autism never learn how to talk. because people with autism can have very different features or symptoms, health care providers think of autism as a "spectrum" disorder. asperger syndrome is a milder version of the disorder. the cause of autism is not known. autism lasts throughout a person's lifetime. there is no cure, but treatment can help. treatments include behavior and communication therapies and medicines to control symptoms. nih: national institute of child health and human development23

MalaCards: Autistic Disorder, also known as autism, is related to asperger syndrome and adhd. An important gene associated with Autistic Disorder is HTR7 (5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7, adenylate cyclase-coupled), and among its related pathways are Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics. The drugs venlafaxine and fenfluramine hydrochloride and the compounds way 100635 and benzodiazepine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and no phenotypic analysis.

Disease Ontology: An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by symptoms across all three symptom domains (communication, social, restricted repetitive interests and behaviors), delayed language development, and symptom onset prior to age 3 years.6

NINDS: Autistic disorder (sometimes called autism or classical ASD) is the most common condition in a group of developmental disorders known as the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).31

Wikipedia: Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and...44 more...

Aliases & Descriptions for Autistic Disorder

Sources:
6Disease Ontology, 16GeneTests, 17Genetics Home Reference, 31NINDS, 8DISEASES, 32Novoseek , 23MedlinePlus, 2CDC, 43UMLS, 33OMIM, 40SNOMED-CT, 24MeSH, 19ICD9CM
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Aliases & Descriptions:

autistic disorder 6 16 43
autism 6 16 17 31 8 23
autistic disorder of childhood onset (disorder) 6
infantile psychosis (disorder) 6
infantile autism (disorder) 6
infantile psychosis 43
kanner's syndrome 6
childhood autism 6
autistic 32

Related Diseases for Autistic Disorder

Sources:
13GeneCards, 14GeneDecks
See all sources

Diseases related to autistic disorder by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 274)
idRelated DiseaseScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1asperger syndrome31.2MECP2, NLGN3, NLGN4X, OXT, SLC6A4
2adhd28.6HTR2A, TPH2, OXTR, PRL, SLC6A4
3angelman syndrome28.3UBE2K, UBE3A, MECP2, SNRPN, GABRA5, GABRB3
4atypical autism28.2SNRPN, NLGN3, NLGN4X, OXTR, GABRB3
5pervasive developmental disorder28.1SCT, FOXP2, MECP2, NLGN3, NLGN4X, SLC6A4
6attention deficit hyperactivity disorder28.1MECP2, HTR2A, TPH2, SLC6A4
7tourette syndrome27.5HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR7, TPH2, NLGN4X, OXT
8rett syndrome27.4UBE3A, MECP2, MBD1, NTS, PRL, CSN1S1
9social cognition27.2OXT, OXTR, SLC6A4
10intellectual disability27.2RELN, BLMH, UBE3A, MECP2, SNRPN, NLGN3
11language disorder27.1FOXP2, MECP2
12tuberous sclerosis26.9MECP2, IFNG, NF1, TSC2, DCX
13insomnia26.8CLOCK, HTR2A, HTR3A, SLC6A4, GABRB3
14developmental disabilities26.8SCT, UBE3A, FOXP2, MECP2, DCX
15anxiety disorder26.3HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH2, OXT, SLC6A4
16alcoholism26.1SCT, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH2, SLC6A4, GABRB3
17albinism26.0MLPH, GSTP1, IFNG, SLC6A4, GABRA5
18seizures25.8UBE3A, MECP2, EN2, HTR2A, TSC2, DCX
19mood disorder25.7RELN, CLOCK, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH2, SLC6A4
20obsessive-compulsive disorder25.4HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH2, OXT, PRL, SLC6A4
21blindness24.9SERPINE1, SCT, UBE3A, IFNG, HTR2A, HTR3A
22schizophrenia23.9RELN, CLOCK, SCT, FOXP2, GSTP1, MECP2
23down syndrome23.3SERPINE1, GSTP1, MECP2, IFNG, PRL, CSN1S1
24homocysteine23.3SERPINE1, BLMH, GSTP1, IFNG, PRKCB, PRL
25bipolar disorder23.1RELN, CLOCK, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH2, NTS
26twinning23.0SERPINE1, MLPH, MECP2, IFNG, NF1, TSC2
27cerebritis22.0RELN, SERPINE1, SCT, UBE2K, FOXP2, GSTP1
28anorexia nervosa22.0SERPINE1, CLOCK, IFNG, HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR5A
29autism spectrum disorder21.1RELN, SCT, UBE2H, UBE3A, FOXP2, MECP2
30thyroiditis20.3RELN, SERPINE1, SCTR, SCT, GSTP1, MET
31neuronitis18.5RELN, SERPINE1, CLOCK, SCT, UBE3A, FOXP2
32mecp2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy13.6MECP2, OXT, ADSL
33advanced sleep phase syndrome13.4CLOCK, TPH2, CSN1S1, PER1
34pancreatic diseases13.3SCTR, SCT, NTS, ADA
35carcinoid syndrome13.3HTR3A, HTR7, NTS
36major affective disorder13.2HTR2A, HTR3A, SLC6A4
37aicardi-goutieres syndrome13.2MECP2, TSC2, OXT, ADSL
38neurotic disorder13.2HTR2A, HTR3A, SLC6A4
39generalized anxiety disorder13.2HTR2A, HTR3A, SLC6A4
40periventricular nodular heterotopia13.1RELN, TSC2, DCX
41eating disorder13.1HTR2A, HTR3A, NTS, SLC6A4
42postpartum depression12.9OXT, PRL, SLC6A4
43von hippel-lindau disease12.9MET, NF1, TSC2, OXTR
44focal epilepsy12.9TSC2, PRL, GABRA5
45bipolar i disorder12.9CLOCK, HTR2A, TPH2, NPAS2, SLC6A4, PER1
46borderline personality disorder12.9OXT, PRL, SLC6A4
47antisocial personality disorder12.9HTR2A, PRL, SLC6A4
48lung benign neoplasm12.8GSTP1, MECP2, MET, OXT, OXTR
49heterotopia12.8RELN, NF1, DCX
50social phobia12.8HTR3A, PRL, SLC6A4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to autistic disorder:



Graphical network of diseases related to autistic disorder

Clinical Features for Autistic Disorder

Drugs & Therapeutics for Autistic Disorder

Sources:
4CenterWatch, 29NIH Clinical Center, 5ClinicalTrials, 43UMLS, 28NDF-RT
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Approved drugs:

Search CenterWatch for autistic disorder

Drug clinical trials:

Search ClinicalTrials for autistic disorder

Search NIH Clinical Center for autistic disorder

Search CenterWatch for autistic disorder

Inferred drug relations via UMLS/NDF-RT:

43 28 fenfluramine, fenfluramine hydrochloride, quetiapine, quetiapine fumarate, risperidone, venlafaxine, venlafaxine hydrochloride

Genetic Tests for Autistic Disorder

Anatomical Context for Autistic Disorder

Sources:
22MalaCards
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MalaCards organs/tissues related to autistic disorder:

22
Brain

Phenotypes for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
25MGI
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Publications for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
35PubMed
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Articles related to autistic disorder:

(show all 48)
idTitleAuthorsYearAffiliating Genes
1Neurotensin is increased in serum of young children w ith autistic disorder. (20731814)Angelidou A.... Theoharides T.C.2010NTS
25-HT2A receptor gene polymorphisms in Croatian subjec ts with autistic disorder. (20471101)Hranilovic D.... Jernej B.2010HTR2A
3Increased serum levels of high mobility group box 1 p rotein in patients with autistic disorder. (20302902)Emanuele E.... Politi P.2010HMGB1
4Further evidence that the rs1858830 C variant in the promoter region of the MET gene is associated with autistic disorder. (19681062)Jackson P.B.... Schwartz C.E.2009MET
5Evidence for the involvement of genetic variation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) in the etiology of autistic disorders on high -functioning level. (19777562)Wermter A.K.... Remschmidt H.2009OXTR
6Involvement of the PRKCB1 gene in autistic disorder: significant genetic association and reduced neocortical gene expression. (18317465)Lintas C.... Persico A.M.2009PRKCB
7Two patients with balanced translocations and autistic disorder: CSMD3 as a candidate gene for autism found in their common 8q23 breakpoint area. (18270536)Floris C.... Crisponi L.2008CSMD3
8Buspirone for autistic disorder in a woman with an in tellectual disability. (18056831)Brahm N.C.... Brown R.C.2008PRL
9Association of the homeobox transcription factor gene ENGRAILED 2 with autistic disorder in Chinese children. (18424904)Yang P.... Juo S.H.2008EN2
10Risk of autistic disorder in affected offspring of mothers with a glutathione S-transferase P1 haplotype. (17404132)Williams T.A.... Johnson W.G.2007GSTP1
11Association of Per1 and Npas2 with autistic disorder: support for the clock genes/social timing hypothesis. (17264841)Nicholas B.... Wimpory D.C.2007CLOCK, PER1, NPAS2
12Case-control and family-based association studies of candidate genes in autistic disorder and its endophenotypes: TPH2 and GLO1. (17346350)Sacco R.... Persico A.M.2007GLO1, TPH2
13Neurochemical correlates of autistic disorder: a revi ew of the literature. (16002261)Lam K.S.... Arnold L.E.2006OXT
14An analysis paradigm for investigating multi-locus effects in complex disease: examination of three GABA receptor subunit genes on 15q11-q13 as risk factors for autistic disorder. (16674551)Ashley-Koch A.E.... Pericak-Vance M.A.2006GABRB3, GABRA5, GABRG3
15Validity of childhood disintegrative disorder apart from autistic disorder with speech loss. (15365892)Kurita H.... Osada H.2004ADSL
16Deletion 2q37.3 and autism: molecular cytogenetic mapping of the candidate region for autistic disorder. (15517821)Lukusa T.... Devriendt K.2004MLPH
17Association between the FOXP2 gene and autistic disorder in Chinese population. (15108192)Gong X.... Zhang D.2004FOXP2
18High nitric oxide production in autistic disorder: a possible role for interferon-gamma. (14960298)Sweeten T.L.... McDougle C.J.2004IFNG
19Molecular analysis of the oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein gene in autistic disorder. (12566166)Vourc'h P.... Andres C.2003OMG
20Association of INPP1, PIK3CG, and TSC2 gene variants with autistic disorder: implications for phosphatidylinositol signalling in autism. (14627686)Serajee F.J.... Mahbubul Huq A.H.2003TSC2
21Mutation screening of FOXP2 in individuals diagnosed with autistic disorder. (12655497)Gauthier J.... Rouleau G.A.2003FOXP2
22No association between the EN2 gene and autistic disorder. (12525552)Zhong H.... Huq A.H.2003EN2
23Mutation screening and association study of the UBE2H gene on chromosome 7q32 in autistic disorder. (14639049)Vourc'h P.... Andres C.2003UBE3A, UBE2H, UBE2K
24Identification of MeCP2 mutations in a series of females with autistic disorder. (12770674)Carney R.M.... Pericak-Vance M.A.2003MECP2, MBD1
25Serotonin 2A receptor gene polymorphism and clinical efficacy of fluvoxamine in children with autistic disorder (12607287)Sugie Y.... Ohzeki T.2003HTR3A, HTR2A
26Molecular genetics and animal models in autistic disorder. (11827743)Andres C.2002WNT2
27Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and hyperserotonemia in autistic disorder. (11803447)Betancur C.... Leboyer M.2002SLC6A4
28Exclusion of the coding sequence of the doublecortin gene as a susceptibility locus in autistic disorder. (11857568)Vourc'h P.... Barthelemy C.2002DCX
29No association between the WNT2 gene and autistic disorder. (11840514)McCoy P.A.... Pericak-Vance M.A.2002WNT2
30Transmission disequilibrium mapping at the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) region in autistic disorder. (11920155)Kim S.J.... Cook E.H.2002BLMH, SLC6A4
31Reduced blood levels of reelin as a vulnerability factor in pathophysiology of autistic disorder. (12363196)Fatemi S.H.... Egan E.A.2002RELN
32Association analysis of chromosome 15 gabaa receptor subunit genes in autistic disorder. (12092907)Menold M.M.... Gilbert J.R.2001GABRB3, GABRA5
33A balanced reciprocal translocation t(5;7)(q14;q32) associated with autistic disorder: molecular analysis of the chromosome 7 breakpoint. (11803521)Tentler D.... Dahl N.2001SSBP1
34Reelin gene alleles and haplotypes as a factor predisposing to autistic disorder. (11317216)Persico A.M.... Keller F.2001RELN
35Oxytocin and autistic disorder: alterations in peptide forms. (11690596)Green L.... Morris M.2001OXT
36No association between the 4g/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene promoter and autistic disorder. (11525425)Persico A.M.... Keller F.2001SERPINE1
37Reports on dietary intervention in autistic disorders . (11842874)Knivsber A.M.... dland M.2001CSN1S1
38Genetic studies in autistic disorders (11055182)SA8opieA8 A.... Rajewski A.2000SLC6A4
39Adenosine deaminase alleles and autistic disorder: case-control and family-based association studies. (11121182)Persico A.M.... Keller F.2000ADA
40Lack of association between serotonin transporter gene promoter variants and autistic disorder in two ethnically distinct samples. (10686565)Persico A.M.... Keller F.2000SLC6A4
41Regarding secretin for treating autistic disorder. (10819123)Aman M.G.... Armstrong S.A.2000SCT
42Physical mapping of the serotonin 5-HT(7) receptor gene (HTR7) to chromosome 10 and pseudogene (HTR7P) to chromosome 12, and testing of linkage disequilibrium between HTR7 and autistic disorder. (10490701)Lassig J.P.... Cook E.H.1999HTR7
43Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorder. (10547242)Horvath K.... Tildon J.T.1999SCTR, SCT
44Mutation screening of the UBE3A/E6-AP gene in autistic disorder. (10089011)Veenstra-VanderWeele J.... Cook E.H.1999UBE3A
45Autistic disorder and chromosome 15q11-q13: construction and analysis of a BAC/PAC contig. (10644429)Maddox L.O.... Gilbert J.R.1999GABRB3, GABRA5
46Genetic studies of autistic disorder and chromosome 7. (10552924)Ashley-Koch A.... Pericak-Vance M.A.1999EN2
47Association study of the NF1 gene and autistic disorder. (10581497)Mbarek O.... Andres C.1999NF1
48Evidence of linkage between the serotonin transporter and autistic disorder. (9152989)Cook E.H.... Leventhal B.L.1997SLC6A4

Expression for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
1BioGPS
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Expression patterns in normal tissues for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Pathways for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
36QIAGEN, 34PharmGKB, 20KEGG, 10EMD Millipore
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Compounds for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
32Novoseek , 42Tocris Bioscience, 34PharmGKB, 9DrugBank, 18HMDB
See all sources

Compounds related to autistic disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 154)
idCompoundScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1way 10063532 42 11.2HTR7, HTR3A, HTR2A
2benzodiazepine32 10.1UBE3A, NTS, PER1, HTR3A
3gr 12793532 10.1HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR7
48-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin32 10.1SLC6A4, HTR7, HTR3A, HTR2A
5venlafaxine32 34 9 18 9 13.9HTR3A, TPH2, SLC6A4, HTR2A
6fluvoxamine32 34 9 9 12.9CLOCK, HTR3A, HTR2A, SLC6A4
7amisulpride32 9 9 11.9HTR2A, PRL, HTR7
8metergoline32 9.7HTR7, HTR2A, PRL, HTR3A
9lorazepam32 34 9 9 12.7HTR3A, GABRA5, GABRB3, GABRG3
10diazepam32 34 9 9 12.7OXT, CSN1S1, GABRA5, GABRB3, GABRG3
11zotepine32 9.7PRL, HTR3A, HTR2A
12buspirone32 9 9 11.7SCT, HTR2A, HTR3A, PRL
13m-chlorophenylpiperazine32 9.7PRL, SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR3A
14ipsapirone32 9.6PRL, OXT, HTR3A, HTR2A
15mcpp32 9.6SLC6A4, HTR3A, PRL, HTR2A
16pindolol32 9 9 11.6HTR3A, PRL, HTR2A, SLC6A4
175-hydroxytryptophan32 9.6PRL, SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR3A
18fenfluramine32 9 9 11.6HTR2A, SLC6A4, HTR3A, PRL
19olanzapine32 34 9 18 9 13.5HTR2A, HTR3A, NTS, HTR7, PRL
20melatonin32 42 9 18 9 13.5PER1, NTS, HTR3A, OXT, CLOCK, PRL
21acetylcholine32 9 18 9 12.5ADA, SCTR, SCT, HTR3A, HTR7, CSN1S1
22mirtazapine32 34 9 9 12.5SLC6A4, TPH2, HTR3A, HTR2A, PRL
23risperidone32 34 9 18 9 13.5SCT, HTR2A, HTR3A, PRL, SLC6A4
24clozapine32 34 9 9 12.5HTR3A, HTR2A, PRL, SLC6A4, NTS
25opiate32 9.3CSN1S1, NTS, SLC6A4, OXT, PRL
26aripiprazole32 34 9 18 9 13.3HTR3A, HTR2A, PRL, HTR7
27ziprasidone32 9 9 11.3HTR2A, PRL, HTR7, HTR3A
28gnrh32 9.3NTS, PRKCB, SERPINE1, OXTR
29glutamate32 9.3CSN1S1, ADA, ADSL, OXT, FOXP2, MECP2
30clomipramine32 34 9 9 12.3GSTP1, PRL, SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR2A
31fluoxetine32 34 9 9 12.2PRL, OXT, TPH2, HTR3A, HTR2A, SCT
32imipramine32 34 9 18 9 13.1SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR2A, IFNG, GSTP1
33paroxetine32 34 9 9 11.9HTR2A, SLC6A4, PRL, HTR3A
34norepinephrine32 9 18 9 11.9SLC6A4, PRL, OXT, NTS, HTR3A, HTR2A
35creatinine32 8.8GSTP1, GLO1, HMGB1, OXT, PRKCB, CSN1S1
36phosphoinositide32 8.6OXT, OXTR, MET, TSC2, HTR2A, FOXP2
37gaba32 42 9.6SLC6A4, UBE3A, RELN, NTS, GABRG3, GABRB3
38epinephrine32 9 18 9 11.6SLC6A4, PRL, NTS, OXT, GSTP1, SCT
39atp32 8.5MET, ADSL, CSN1S1, ADA, SCT, HMGB1
405-hydroxytryptamine32 8.2PRL, NTS, TPH2, HTR7, HTR3A, HTR2A
41cysteine32 8.2UBE3A, GSTP1, UBE2K, SCT, SCTR, BLMH
42adenylate32 7.9NF1, SERPINE1, ADA, OXTR, TSC2, ADSL
43alanine32 7.9GLO1, NTS, NF1, OXTR, PRKCB, CSN1S1
44dopamine32 9 18 9 10.4PRKCB, NF1, NTS, HTR3A, HTR2A, GSTP1
45testosterone32 9 18 9 10.4MET, SERPINE1, SCT, GSTP1, MECP2, HMGB1
46arginine32 7.2MECP2, MET, SCT, GSTP1, PER1, IFNG
47vegf32 7.2ADA, WNT2, PRKCB, OXTR, SERPINE1, FOXP2
48retinoic acid32 42 18 8.9ADA, PRKCB, SERPINE1, GSTP1, WNT2, CSN1S1
49serine32 6.8NTS, DCX, HMGB1, NF1, RELN, MET
50estrogen32 6.6TPH2, HMGB1, MET, GSTP1, FOXP2, UBE3A

GO Terms for genes affiliated with Autistic Disorder

Sources:
12Gene Ontology
See all sources

Cellular components related to autistic disorder according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1excitatory synapseGO:0600769.7NLGN4X, NLGN3, MET
2dendriteGO:0304259.3GABRA5, DCX, NF1, NLGN4X, HTR5A, RELN
3postsynaptic membraneGO:0452118.9GABRG3, GABRB3, GABRA5, NLGN4X, HTR3A, MET
4cell junctionGO:0300548.5GABRG3, GABRB3, GABRA5, ADA, NLGN4X, NLGN3
5integral to plasma membraneGO:0058878.4SCTR, GABRB3, GABRA5, SLC6A4, OXTR, NLGN4X
6plasma membraneGO:0058865.7OMG, CSMD3, SLC6A4, WNT2, ADA, GABRA5

Biological processes related to autistic disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show all 18)
idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1sperm ejaculationGO:04271310.3OXT, OXTR, SLC6A4
2positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicGO:05196810.2OXTR, NLGN3, RELN
3positive regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate selective glutamate receptor activityGO:200096910.2NLGN3, RELN
4negative regulation of gastric acid secretionGO:06045510.2OXTR, OXT
5positive regulation of synapse assemblyGO:05196510.2MECP2, NLGN3, OXT, OXTR
6sleepGO:03043110.1HTR2A, OXT, OXTR
7serotonin receptor signaling pathwayGO:00721010.1HTR5A, HTR3A, HTR2A
8circadian rhythmGO:00762310.1PER1, SLC6A4, TPH2, HTR7, CLOCK
9response to cocaineGO:04222010.1HTR3A, OXT, OXTR
10positive regulation of norepinephrine secretionGO:01070110.1OXTR, OXT
11memoryGO:0076139.9HTR2A, OXT, OXTR, SLC6A4
12response to estradiol stimulusGO:0323559.9SLC6A4, OXTR, OXT, HTR5A
13ion transmembrane transportGO:0342209.7HTR3A, GABRA5, GABRB3, GABRG3
14social behaviorGO:0351769.7MECP2, NLGN3, NLGN4X, OXT, OXTR, SLC6A4
15response to hypoxiaGO:0016669.5ADA, ADSL, SLC6A4, NF1, MECP2
16brain developmentGO:0074209.5GABRA5, DCX, NF1, MET, UBE3A, RELN
17response to glucocorticoid stimulusGO:0513848.9TPH2, HMGB1, SERPINE1, OXT
18synaptic transmissionGO:0072688.9GABRG3, GABRB3, GABRA5, PRKCB, HTR7, HTR3A

Molecular functions related to autistic disorder according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1GABA-A receptor activityGO:0048909.8GABRA5, GABRB3, GABRG3
2serotonin receptor activityGO:0049939.7HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR5A, HTR7
3extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activityGO:0052309.2GABRG3, GABRB3, GABRA5, HTR3A

Sources for Autistic Disorder

2CDC
11FMA
18HMDB
19ICD9CM
20KEGG
24MeSH
25MGI
27NCIt
28NDF-RT
31NINDS
32Novoseek
33OMIM
35PubMed
36QIAGEN
43UMLS