Becker Muscular Dystrophy malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Becker muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that involves slowly worsening muscle weakness of the legs and pelvis. It is caused by a mutation in a gene called the DMD gene, which encodes the muscle protein dystrophin. The disorder is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Becker muscular dystrophy is very similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, except that symptoms develop at a later age and progress at a much slower rate. In addition to the skeletal muscles used for movement, Becker muscular dystrophy may also affect the muscles of the heart. There is no known cure for this condition. Treatment tries to control symptoms to maximize quality of life.³⁰

MalaCards: Becker Muscular Dystrophy, also known as benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy, is related to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and muscular dystrophy. An important gene associated with Becker Muscular Dystrophy is SNTB2 (syntrophin, beta 2 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 2)), and among its related pathways are Muscular Dystrophies and Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex and nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. The compounds alpha-bungarotoxin and orcein have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, skeletal muscle and colon, and related mouse phenotypes are nervous system and muscle.

OMIM: 300376

Aliases & Descriptions:

becker muscular dystrophy 6 7 30 8 33 43 benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy 6 30 muscular dystrophy, becker type 30 16 benign congenital myopathy 6 43 muscular dystrophy pseudohypertrophic progressive, becker type 30

becker's muscular dystrophy 30 muscular dystrophy becker 32 muscular dystrophy 43 bmd 16

Diseases related to becker muscular dystrophy by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 362)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy	39.6	FKRP, DMD
2	muscular dystrophy	37.9	DES, NOS1, DMD, GK, FKRP, CHKB
3	emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy	37.7	NCAM1, DMD
4	ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy	34.5	DMD, FKRP, CHKB, VIM
5	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2c	34.1	DMD, VCL
6	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2i	33.5	CHKB, FKRP
7	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2g	33.4	FKRP, DMD
8	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2f	32.2	DMD, FKRP
9	dystrophinopathies	31.4	UTRN, GK, DMD, DES
10	glycerol kinase deficiency	31.2	GK, DMD
11	myotonic dystrophy	30.8	DMD, ALB, CHKB, MYOZ2, VIM
12	sarcoglycanopathies	30.6	DMD, VCL, NCAM1
13	muscular atrophy	30.2	DMD, CHKB, UTRN, NCAM1
14	myofibrillar myopathy	29.7	DES, DMD, NCAM1
15	aland island eye disease	29.6	GK, DMD
16	myositis	29.4	NES, DES, DMD, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, UTRN
17	inclusion body myopathy	28.4	NCAM1, DMD, DES
18	inclusion body myositis	28.4	NOS1, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, UTRN, NCAM1
19	duchenne muscular dystrophy	28.3	SLMAP, NOS1, VCL, UTRN, CHKB, GK
20	polymyositis	28.3	DES, DMD, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, UTRN, NCAM1
21	hypogonadism	27.4	SHOX, NOS1, GK, ALB
22	congestive heart failure	27.4	DES, DMD, ALB, VCL
23	neuropathy	26.4	NES, DES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10, ALB
24	myopathy	26.2	CHKB, FKRP, IL1RAPL2, ALB, GK, DMD
25	noonan syndrome	26.0	DES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10, ALB, FKRP
26	fibrosis	25.9	NES, DES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10, ALB
27	ischemia	25.4	NES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10, ALB, CHKB
28	dmd-associated dilated cardiomyopathy	24.9	DES, DMD, DYT10, ALB, FKRP, CHKB
29	peritonitis	24.0	DES, DYT10, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL
30	cerebritis	23.7	NES, SLMAP, DES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10
31	leukemia	23.1	NES, DES, NOS1, SNTB2, DMD, DYT10
32	neuronitis	22.6	SNTA1, SNTB1, SNTB2, NOS1, SHOX, DES
33	complex glycerol kinase deficiency	13.6	DMD, GK
34	tnni3-related familial restrictive cardiomyopathy	13.5	DES, DMD
35	x-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita	13.5	GK, DMD
36	recessive developmental delay, small stature, microcephaly and brain calcifications	13.4	GK, DMD, SHOX
37	cytoplasmic body myopathy	13.3	DES, DMD, CHKB
38	myopathy congenital	13.3	CHKB, DMD, DES
39	growth retardation with deafness and mental retardation due to igf1 deficiency	13.2	SHOX, DMD, GK, UTRN
40	prostate leiomyoma	13.2	DES, VIM
41	infantile digital fibromatosis	13.2	DES, VIM
42	myxosarcoma	13.2	DES, VIM
43	lymph node palisaded myofibroblastoma	13.2	DES, VIM
44	meninges sarcoma	13.2	DES, VIM
45	infantile myofibromatosis	13.2	DES, VIM
46	glomangiomyoma	13.2	DES, VIM
47	endometrial stromal nodule	13.1	DES, VIM
48	congenital epulis	13.1	DES, VIM
49	myofibroma	13.1	DES, VIM
50	mesenchymal chondrosarcoma	13.1	DES, VIM

Clinical features from OMIM: 300376

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to becker muscular dystrophy:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to becker muscular dystrophy:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	8.3	NES, NOS1, SNTB2, SNTA1, GK, FKRP
2	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	7.5	VIM, DES, NOS1, SNTA1, DMD, FKRP
3	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	7.1	SNTA1, SNTB2, NOS1, DES, NES, DMD
4	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	6.7	GK, DMD, SNTA1, NOS1, DES, ALB
5	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	6.3	ALB, GK, DMD, NOS1, DES, FKRP

Articles related to becker muscular dystrophy:

(show top 50)    (show all 112)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Becker muscular dystrophy due to an inversion of exon s 23 and 24 of the DMD gene. (22006698)	Flanigan K.M.... Weiss R.B.	2011	DMD
2	Perioperative cardiac arrest in a patient with previo usly undiagnosed Becker's muscular dystrophy after isoflurane anaesthesia for e lective surgery. (20190256)	Poole T.C.... Kong A.S.	2010	CHKB
3	Becker muscular dystrophy caused by an intronic mutat ion reducing the efficiency of the splice donor site of intron 26 of the dystro phin gene. (19230662)	Baskin B.... Ray P.N.	2009	DMD
4	DMD Trp3X nonsense mutation associated with a founder effect in North American families with mild Becker muscular dystrophy. (19793655)	Flanigan K.M.... Weiss R.B.	2009	DMD
5	Identifying deletions in the dystrophin gene and detecting carriers in families with Duchenne's/Becker's muscular dystrophy (19173203)	GonzA!lez-Herrera L.... Pinto-Escalante D.	2009	DMD
6	Asymptomatic Becker muscular dystrophy in a family with a multiexon deletion. (19012301)	Ferreiro V.... Szijan I.	2009	DMD
7	Molecular diagnosis of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy: enhanced detection of dystrophin gene rearrangements by oligonucleotide array-comparative genomic hybridization. (18752307)	Del Gaudio D.... Eng C.M.	2008	DMD
8	Becker muscular dystrophy with r(X) carrying an out-of-frame DMD deletion. (18639760)	Lee K.A.... Choi Y.C.	2008	DMD
9	Becker muscular dystrophy in Indian patients: Analysis of dystrophin gene deletion patterns. (18974567)	Dastur R.S.... Nadkarni J.J.	2008	DMD
10	MLPA analysis/complete sequencing of the DMD gene in a group of Bulgarian Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy patients. (18653336)	Todorova A.... Mitev V.	2008	DMD
11	Measurement of the clinical utility of a combined mut ation detection protocol in carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. (17259292)	Taylor P.J.... Buckley M.F.	2007	DMD
12	Utrophin upregulation for treating Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy: how close are we? (16443393)	Miura P.... Jasmin B.J.	2006	UTRN
13	Dystrophin analysis in carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. (16380627)	Hoogerwaard E.M.... de Visser M.	2005	DMD
14	Dystrophin deletions and cognitive impairment in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. (14977063)	Giliberto F.... Szijan I.	2004	DMD
15	Phase I study of dystrophin plasmid-based gene therapy in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. (15610607)	Romero N.B.... Fardeau M.	2004	DMD
16	Absence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) as a pathological marker for the diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy with rod domain deletions. (15488030)	Torelli S.... Sewry C.A.	2004	NOS1, DMD
17	Re-evaluation of reading frame-shift hypothesis in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. (14652441)	Pandey G.S.... Mittal B.	2003	DMD
18	Point mutation and polymorphism in Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) patients. (11795488)	Chaturvedi L.S.... Mittal B.	2001	DMD
19	Heterozygous myogenic factor 6 mutation associated with myopathy and severe course of Becker muscular dystrophy. (11053684)	Kerst B.... Huebner C.	2000	MYF6
20	Statistically significant differences in the number of CD24 positive muscle fibers and satellite cells between sarcoglycanopathy and age-matched Becker muscular dystrophy patients. (10397078)	Higuchi I.... Osame M.	1999	NCAM1
21	Disorganization of dystrophin costameric lattice in Becker muscular dystrophy. (9466596)	Minetti C.... Bonilla E.	1998	VCL, DMD
22	Disruption of the splicing enhancer sequence within exon 27 of the dystrophin gene by a nonsense mutation induces partial skipping of the exon and is responsible for Becker muscular dystrophy. (9410897)	Shiga N.... Matsuo M.	1997	DMD
23	A point mutation in the glycerol kinase gene associated with a deletion in the dystrophin gene in a familial X-linked muscular dystrophy: non-contiguous gene syndrome involving Becker muscular dystrophy and glycerol kinase loci. (9447607)	Romero N.B.... Kaplan J.C.	1997	GK
24	Correlation of cardiac muscle involvement and the dystrophin gene abnormality in Becker muscular dystrophy (9436425)	Yazaki M.... Ikeda S.	1997	DMD
25	Selective loss of sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase in Becker muscular dystrophy. (8760814)	Chao D.S.... Bredt D.S.	1996	SNTA1
26	Dystrophin-associated protein abnormalities in dystrophin-deficient muscle fibers from symptomatic and asymptomatic Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy carriers. (8891069)	Di Blasi C.... Mora M.	1996	DMD, UTRN
27	A case of severe Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosed in early childhood--correlation between clinical severity and dystrophin testing (7873253)	Ishikawa Y.... Minami R.	1995	DMD
28	Is dystrophin always altered in Becker muscular dystrophy patients? (7561956)	Vainzof M.... Zatz M.	1995	DMD
29	In utero fetal muscle biopsy alters diagnosis and carrier risks in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. (7794517)	Evans M.I.... Hoffman E.P.	1995	DMD
30	Malignant hyperthermia in a patient with Becker muscular dystrophy: dystrophin analysis and caffeine contracture study. (7719142)	Ohkoshi N.... Goto K.	1995	DMD
31	Evaluation of the cardiomyopathy in Becker muscular dystrophy. (7870105)	Nigro G.... Restucci B.	1995	DMD
32	Multiplicity of abnormal dystrophin in Becker muscular dystrophy. A Becker muscular dystrophy gene frequently produced two smaller sizes of dystrophin. (8158213)	Hori S.... Tanabe H.	1994	DMD
33	Clinical variability in Becker muscular dystrophy. Genetic, biochemical and immunohistochemical correlates. (8149204)	Comi G.P.... Bordoni A.	1994	DMD
34	Dystrophin-related protein in Becker muscular dystrophy. (7919618)	Higuchi I.... Osame M.	1994	UTRN
35	Microlesions and polymorphisms in the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. (8045556)	Rininsland F.... Reiss J.	1994	DMD
36	Two distinct mutations in a single dystrophin gene: identification of an altered splice-site as the primary Becker muscular dystrophy mutation. (8322822)	Wilton S.D.... Laing N.G.	1993	DMD
37	Mild deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins in Becker muscular dystrophy patients having in-frame deletions in the rod domain of dystrophin. (8328458)	Matsumura K.... Campbell K.P.	1993	DMD
38	Application of combined DNA and dystrophin protein analysis in the diagnosis of Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophy in 102 Dutch patients (8421530)	Ginjaar H.B.... van Ommen J.B.	1993	DMD
39	Is the maintainance of the C-terminus domain of dystrophin enough to ensure a milder Becker muscular dystrophy phenotype? (8490621)	Vainzof M.... Zatz M.	1993	DMD
40	Asymptomatic Becker muscular dystrophy: expression of dystrophin and dystrophin-related protein. (8352853)	Tachi N.... Chiba S.	1993	DMD, UTRN
41	Additional dystrophin fragment in Becker muscular dystrophy may result from proteolytic cleavage at deletion junctions. (1488990)	Beggs A.H.... Kunkel L.M.	1992	DMD
42	Myocardial patchy staining of dystrophin in Becker's muscular dystrophy associated with cardiomyopathy. (1549984)	Anan R.... Tanaka H.	1992	DMD
43	Becker muscular dystrophy: detection of unusual disease courses by combined approach to dystrophin analysis. (1549142)	Gold R.... MA1ller C.R.	1992	DMD
44	Estimate of the intrafamilial correlation for serum creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase in females at risk for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. (1797630)	Rabbi-Bortolini E.... Zatz M.	1991	CHKB
45	Becker muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy?--Dystrophin studies resolve conflicting results of electromyography and muscle biopsy. (1822794)	McDonald T.D.... Lovelace R.E.	1991	DMD
46	Preservation of the C-terminus of dystrophin molecule in the skeletal muscle from Becker muscular dystrophy. (2033400)	Arahata K.... Arikawa E.	1991	DMD
47	Muscle histology in Becker muscular dystrophy. (1745279)	Kaido M.... Sugita H.	1991	DMD
48	A rare case of adult-onset Becker muscular dystrophy diagnosed by dystrophin staining (1724729)	Ujike H.... Arahata K.	1991	DMD
49	Molecular analysis of 25 Chinese families with Duchen ne/Becker muscular dystrophy. (1981771)	Ko T.M.... Lee T.Y.	1990	DMD
50	Frame-shift deletions in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. (3055295)	Malhotra S.B.... Worton R.G.	1988	DMD

Genes related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneCards:

(show all 25)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	SNTB2	syntrophin, beta 2 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 2)	11.0	Summaries
2	SNTB1	syntrophin, beta 1 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 1)	11.0	Summaries
3	MYF6	myogenic factor 6 (herculin)	11.0	Publications
4	SHOX	short stature homeobox	11.0	Publications
5	NOL8	nucleolar protein 8	11.0
6	GK	glycerol kinase	11.0	Publications
7	FKRP	fukutin related protein	11.0	Publications
8	SNTA1	syntrophin, alpha 1	11.0	Publications
9	DMD	dystrophin	11.0	Publications
10	RAB4A	RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family	11.0
11	DCTN4	dynactin 4 (p62)	11.0
12	CHKB	choline kinase beta	11.0	Publications
13	MYOZ2	myozenin 2	11.0	Publications
14	NES	nestin	11.0	Publications
15	UTRN	utrophin	11.0	Publications
16	DES	desmin	11.0	Publications
17	SLMAP	sarcolemma associated protein	11.0
18	VCL	vinculin	11.0	Publications
19	VIM	vimentin	11.0	Publications
20	STAU2	staufen, RNA binding protein, homolog 2 (Drosophila)	11.0
21	NOS1	nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)	11.0	Publications
22	NCAM1	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	11.0	Publications
23	ALB	albumin	11.0	Publications
24	IL1RAPL2	interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 2	11.0	Publications
25	DYT10	dystonia 10	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Muscular Dystrophies and Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex36	9.4	DMD, SNTA1, SNTB1, NOS1
2	nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle36	9.3	NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, DMD
3	Cytoskeleton remodeling_Neurofilaments41	9.3	VIM, DES, DCTN4, NES
4	Cytoskeleton remodeling Neurofilaments10	9.0	NES, DCTN4, DES, VIM

Compounds related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

(show all 50)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	alpha-bungarotoxin32	10.2	DES, DMD
2	orcein32	10.0	DES, VIM
3	dapc32	10.0	NOS1, DMD, UTRN
4	gemfibrozil32 9 9	11.9	VIM, CHKB, DES
5	bezafibrate32 9 9	11.8	DES, CHKB, VIM
6	phalloidin32	9.8	DES, VCL, VIM
7	s 10032	9.8	VIM, DES
8	glucose32	9.8	VCL, DMD, DES, NES
9	streptozotocin32	9.6	VIM, NOS1, NES
10	glycerol32 9 18 9	12.5	NOS1, DMD, GK, CHKB
11	hematoxylin32	9.5	DES, DMD, VIM, NCAM1
12	colcemid32	9.5	VIM, VCL
13	gold32	9.4	NCAM1, VCL, DMD, DES
14	estrogen32	9.4	NES, DES, SHOX, NOS1, CHKB
15	ganglioside32	9.4	NCAM1, VIM, DES, NES
16	choline32 9 18 9	12.4	VIM, CHKB, NOS1, NES
17	urea32 9 18 9	12.4	DMD, ALB, CHKB, VCL
18	inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate32	9.3	DMD, DYT10, VCL, VIM
19	bromodeoxyuridine32	9.2	NES, DES, DMD, VIM, NCAM1
20	naproxen32 9 18 9	12.2	ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB
21	colchicine32 9 9	11.1	IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL, VIM
22	paraffin32	8.9	NES, DES, CHKB, VIM, NCAM1
23	prednisolone32 9 9	10.9	DMD, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB
24	sodium32 18	9.8	SNTB2, SNTB1, SNTA1, DMD, ALB, RAB4A
25	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	11.8	CHKB, IL1RAPL2, GK, NOS1, DES
26	cytochalasin d32 42	9.7	DYT10, IL1RAPL2, VCL, VIM
27	glutamine32	8.7	NOS1, DMD, CHKB, VCL, VIM, NCAM1
28	fibrinogen32	8.5	DES, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL
29	gaba32 42	9.4	NES, NOS1, IL1RAPL2, VIM, NCAM1
30	gnrh32	8.4	NES, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, VIM, NCAM1
31	methotrexate32 34 42 9 9	12.4	VIM, CHKB, IL1RAPL2, ALB, NOS1
32	nmda32 42	9.1	NCAM1, VIM, IL1RAPL2, DYT10, NOS1
33	12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate32	8.0	DES, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, VCL, VIM, NCAM1
34	lactate32	8.0	DES, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VIM, NCAM1
35	adenylate32	8.0	DES, NOS1, DMD, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, CHKB
36	cysteine32	7.8	DES, NOS1, DMD, ALB, CHKB, VCL
37	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	10.7	NES, DES, NOS1, DMD, UTRN, MYF6
38	arachidonic acid32 9 18 9	10.7	DYT10, ALB, IL1RAPL2, VIM, NCAM1
39	atp32	7.7	DMD, GK, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL, VIM
40	h2o232	7.7	DES, NOS1, DYT10, GK, IL1RAPL2, CHKB
41	calcium32 9 18 9	10.7	NOS1, SNTB2, SNTB1, SNTA1, ALB, IL1RAPL2
42	glutamate32	7.6	NES, NOS1, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VIM
43	histamine32 18	8.6	NOS1, DYT10, ALB, IL1RAPL2, VIM, NCAM1
44	heparin32 9 18 9	10.5	DES, DMD, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL
45	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	10.3	SNTA1, NOS1, DES, NES, DMD, IL1RAPL2
46	testosterone32 9 18 9	10.2	DES, NOS1, ALB, IL1RAPL2, CHKB, VCL
47	retinoic acid32 42 18	9.2	NES, DES, NOS1, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, VIM
48	tyrosine32	7.1	NES, DES, DMD, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, UTRN
49	vegf32	7.1	NES, DES, NOS1, DYT10, IL1RAPL2, CHKB
50	creatinine32	6.3	NCAM1, DES, NOS1, DMD, GK, ALB

Cellular components related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	fascia adherens	GO:005916	9.8	VCL, DES
2	dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex	GO:016010	9.8	SNTB2, SNTB1, DMD, FKRP
3	sarcolemma	GO:042383	8.7	FKRP, DMD, SNTA1, SNTB1, NOS1, DES
4	protein complex	GO:043234	8.4	SNTB2, SNTB1, DMD, ALB, UTRN, VCL
5	cytoskeleton	GO:005856	8.3	NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, DMD, UTRN, VCL

Biological processes related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	muscle filament sliding	GO:030049	9.6	VIM, DMD, DES
2	muscle contraction	GO:006936	8.6	VCL, UTRN, SNTA1, SNTB1, DES, SLMAP

Molecular functions related to becker muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	dystroglycan binding	GO:002162	9.6	VCL, DMD
2	calmodulin binding	GO:005516	9.5	SNTA1, SNTB1, SNTB2, NOS1
3	actin binding	GO:003779	8.9	VCL, SNTB2, SNTB1, SNTA1, DMD, UTRN
4	protein binding	GO:005515	6.3	SNTB1, SNTB2, NOL8, NOS1, SHOX, DES