Brachydactyly disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Symptoms, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

Aliases & Classifications for Brachydactyly

Sources:
¹⁰Disease Ontology, ⁴⁵NIH Rare Diseases, ⁴⁷Novoseek, ¹²DISEASES, ²⁴GTR, ⁶⁵UMLS
See all MalaCards sources

Aliases & Descriptions for Brachydactyly:

Name: Brachydactyly ¹⁰ ⁴⁵ ⁴⁷ ¹² ²⁴ ⁶⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases, Rare diseases, Fetal diseases, Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Bone diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology¹⁰ DOID:0050581

UMLS⁶⁵ C0221357

Summaries for Brachydactyly

Sources:
¹⁰Disease Ontology, ⁴⁵NIH Rare Diseases, ⁶⁸Wikipedia, ³³MalaCards
See all MalaCards sources

NIH Rare Diseases:⁴⁵ Brachydactyly is a general term characterized by disproportionately short fingers and toes. it can occur as an isolated finding or as part of a complex syndrome. many different types of brachydactyly have been identified. some result in short stature and others are associated with other hand malformations, such as syndactyly, polydactyly, or reduction defects. the underlying genetic cause of most isolated forms of brachydactyly and many of the syndromic forms has been identified. many of the isolated forms are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with variable expressivity and reduced penetrance. treatment depends on the specific type of brachydactyly, but may include plastic surgery, physical therapy and/or ergotherapy. last updated: 9/4/2013

MalaCards based summary: Brachydactyly is related to brachydactyly, type a1 and brachydactyly, type a1, c, and has symptoms including brachydactyly syndrome, short toe and abnormality of the metacarpal bones. An important gene associated with Brachydactyly is GDF5 (Growth Differentiation Factor 5), and among its related pathways are TGF-beta signaling pathway (KEGG) and TGF-beta Signaling Pathway (sino). Affiliated tissues include bone, heart and breast, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and hearing/vestibular/ear.

Disease Ontology:¹⁰ A bone development disease characterized by short fingers and toes.

Wikipedia:⁶⁸ Brachydactyly (Greek βραχύς = \"short\" plus δάκτυλος = \"finger\"), is a medical term... more...

Related Diseases for Brachydactyly

Sources:
²⁰GeneCards, ¹⁹GeneAnalytics
See all MalaCards sources

Diseases in the Brachydactyly family:

Brachydactyly, Type D	Brachydactyly, Type A1
Brachydactyly, Type A2	Brachydactyly, Type A1, B
Brachydactyly, Type B1	Brachydactyly, Type E2
Brachydactyly, Type B2	Brachydactyly, Type C
Brachydactyly, Type A1, C	Brachydactyly, Type E
Brachydactyly Type A3	Brachydactyly Type A4
Brachydactyly Type A5	Brachydactyly Type A6
Brachydactyly Type A7	Hoxd13-Related Brachydactyly
Brachydactyly of Toes

Diseases related to Brachydactyly via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 270)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	brachydactyly, type a1	33.9	BMPR1B, GDF5, IHH
2	brachydactyly, type a1, c	33.3	COL2A1, GDF5
3	chondrodysplasia, grebe type	30.5	BMPR1B, GDF5
4	pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism	30.4	GNAS, NOG, RUNX2
5	robinow syndrome, autosomal recessive	30.4	NOG, ROR2
6	acromesomelic dysplasia, demirhan type	30.3	BMPR1B, GDF5
7	brachydactyly, type c	12.2
8	brachydactyly, type a2	12.2
9	temtamy preaxial brachydactyly syndrome	12.2
10	brachydactyly, type e	12.1
11	hypertension and brachydactyly syndrome	12.1
12	brachydactyly, type b1	12.1
13	brachydactyly, type d	12.1
14	brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome	12.1
15	brachydactyly, type b2	12.0
16	brachydactyly, type e2	12.0
17	chondrodysplasia with platyspondyly, distinctive brachydactyly, hydrocephaly, and microphthalmia	12.0
18	digital arthropathy-brachydactyly, familial	12.0
19	metaphyseal dysplasia with maxillary hypoplasia with or without brachydactyly	11.9
20	brachydactyly type a3	11.9
21	digital arthropathy-brachydactyly	11.9
22	brachydactyly types b and e combined	11.8
23	brachydactyly anonychia	11.8
24	brachydactyly long thumb type	11.8
25	brachydactyly type a4	11.8
26	brachydactyly type a5	11.8
27	cryptomicrotia brachydactyly syndrome	11.8
28	hirschsprung disease type d brachydactyly	11.8
29	brachydactyly elbow wrist dysplasia	11.8
30	brachydactyly type a7	11.8
31	brachydactyly-arterial hypertension syndrome	11.8
32	brachydactyly mononen type	11.7
33	brachydactyly type a6	11.7
34	coloboma of macula with type b brachydactyly	11.7
35	sugarman brachydactyly	11.7
36	brachydactyly, type a1, b	11.7
37	anonychia-onychodystrophy with brachydactyly type b and ectrodactyly	11.7
38	brachydactyly preaxial with hallux varus and thumb abduction	11.7
39	exostoses anetodermia brachydactyly type e	11.7
40	metaphyseal dysplasia maxillary hypoplasia brachydactyly	11.7
41	spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia-brachydactyly and distinctive speech	11.7
42	thumb stiff brachydactyly mental retardation	11.7
43	brachydactyly absence of distal phalanges	11.7
44	brachydactyly dwarfism mental retardation	11.7
45	brachydactyly mesomelia mental retardation heart defects	11.7
46	brachydactyly small stature face anomalies	11.7
47	brachydactyly tibial hypoplasia	11.7
48	fibula aplasia complex brachydactyly	11.7
49	growth deficiency brachydactyly unusual facies	11.7
50	symphalangism brachydactyly craniosynostosis	11.7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Brachydactyly:

Symptoms for Brachydactyly

Sources:
⁶¹The Human Phenotype Ontology
See all MalaCards sources

HPO human phenotypes related to Brachydactyly:

(show all 9)

id	Description	Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	brachydactyly syndrome	hallmark (90%)	HP:0001156
2	short toe	hallmark (90%)	HP:0001831
3	abnormality of the metacarpal bones	typical (50%)	HP:0001163
4	short stature	typical (50%)	HP:0004322
5	hand polydactyly	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0001161
6	toe syndactyly	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0001770
7	finger syndactyly	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0006101
8	ulnar deviation of finger	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0009465
9	symphalangism affecting the phalanges of the hand	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0009773

Drugs & Therapeutics for Brachydactyly

Sources:
⁴⁴NIH Clinical Center, ⁴ClinicalTrials, ⁶⁵UMLS, ⁴³NDF-RT
See all MalaCards sources

Interventional clinical trials:

id	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase
1	Study of Skeletal Disorders and Short Stature	Completed	NCT00001754

Search NIH Clinical Center for Brachydactyly

Genetic Tests for Brachydactyly

Anatomical Context for Brachydactyly

Sources:
³³MalaCards
See all MalaCards sources

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Brachydactyly:

³³

Bone, Heart, Breast, Brain, T cells, Thyroid, Kidney

Animal Models for Brachydactyly or affiliated genes

Sources:
³⁸MGI
See all MalaCards sources

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Brachydactyly:

³⁸ (show all 16)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	8.4	BMPR1B, GNAS, HOXD13, IHH, NOG, PTHLH
2	hearing/vestibular/ear	MP:0005377	8.3	COL2A1, GNAS, NOG, ROR2, TRPV4
3	reproductive system	MP:0005389	8.2	BMPR1B, GDF5, HOXD13, NOG, PDE3A, PTHLH
4	muscle	MP:0005369	8.1	GNAS, HDAC4, HOXD13, IHH, NOG, RUNX2
5	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	7.7	COL2A1, GNAS, HOXD13, NOG, PTHLH, TRPS1
6	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	7.6	COL2A1, HOXD13, IHH, NOG, PTHLH, ROR2
7	integument	MP:0010771	7.5	GNAS, HDAC4, HOXD13, NOG, PTHLH, RUNX2
8	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	7.5	COL2A1, GNAS, IHH, NOG, PTHLH, ROR2
9	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	7.4	BMPR1B, CHSY1, COL2A1, GDF5, GNAS, HOXD13
10	vision/eye	MP:0005391	7.3	BMPR1B, CHSY1, COL2A1, HOXD13, IHH, NOG
11	nervous system	MP:0003631	7.2	BMPR1B, COL2A1, GNAS, HDAC4, IHH, NOG
12	respiratory system	MP:0005388	7.1	COL2A1, GNAS, IHH, NOG, PTHLH, ROR2
13	craniofacial	MP:0005382	6.5	BMPR1B, CHSY1, COL2A1, GNAS, HDAC4, IHH
14	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	6.2	BMPR1B, COL2A1, GDF5, GNAS, HDAC4, HOXD13
15	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	6.1	BMPR1B, COL2A1, GDF5, GNAS, HDAC4, HOXD13
16	skeleton	MP:0005390	5.8	BMPR1B, CHSY1, COL2A1, GDF5, GNAS, HDAC4

Publications for Brachydactyly

Sources:
⁵⁴PubMed
See all MalaCards sources

Articles related to Brachydactyly:

(show top 50) (show all 330)

id	Title	Authors	Year
1	Variable expressivity of the phenotype in two families with brachydactyly type E, craniofacial dysmorphism, short stature and delayed bone age caused by novel heterozygous mutations in the PTHLH gene. (26763883)	Jamsheer A.... Latos-BieleA8ska A.	2016
2	Report of two novel mutations in PTHLH associated with brachydactyly type E and literature review. (26640227)	Thomas-Teinturier C.... de Nanclares G.P.	2016
3	Brachydactyly Type C patient with compound heterozygosity for p.Gly319Val and p.Ile358Thr variants in the GDF5 proregion: benign variants or mutations? (25994865)	Stange K.... Seemann P.	2015
4	Exome sequencing reveals a novel PTHLH mutation in a Chinese pedigree with brachydactyly type E and short stature. (25801215)	Wang J.... Zhang Q.	2015
5	PDE3A mutations cause autosomal dominant hypertension with brachydactyly. (25961942)	Maass P.G.... Baehring S.	2015
6	Brachydactyly E: isolated or as a feature of a syndrome. (24028571)	Pereda A.... Perez de Nanclares G.	2013
7	A misplaced lncRNA causes brachydactyly in humans. (23093776)	Maass P.G.... BAohring S.	2012
8	Prenatal diagnosis of a family affected by brachydactyly type A1 with a mutation in IHH: a useful lesson. (22406540)	Palka C.... Stuppia L.	2012
9	A 4.6 kb genomic duplication on 20p12.2-12.3 is associated with brachydactyly type A2 in a Chinese family. (21357617)	Su P.... Wang Y.	2011
10	Disruption of PCP signaling causes limb morphogenesis and skeletal defects and may underlie Robinow syndrome and brachydactyly type B. (20962035)	Wang B.... Wang J.	2011
11	Brachydactyly type A1 with short humerus and associated skeletal features. (21077205)	Lacombe D.... Chateil J.F.	2010
12	A distinct autosomal recessive disorder of limb development with preaxial brachydactyly, phalangeal duplication, symphalangism and hyperphalangism. (19952732)	Race H.... Wakeling E.L.	2010
13	Pregnancy after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for brachydactyly type B. (19146779)	Hellani A.... El-Akoum S.	2009
14	A new autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by ocular hypertelorism, distinctive face, mental retardation, brachydactyly, and genital abnormalities. (19938075)	Spiegel R.... Shalev S.A.	2009
15	Brachydactyly and ectodermal dysplasia--is it a new association? (18825805)	Anoop T.M.... Sujathan P.	2008
16	Novel point mutations in GDF5 associated with two distinct limb malformations in Chinese: brachydactyly type C and proximal symphalangism. (18283415)	Yang W.... Zhang X.	2008
17	A novel patient with Cooks syndrome supports splitting from "classic" brachydactyly type B. (17163524)	Castori M.... Dallapiccola B.	2007
18	An inversion involving the mouse Shh locus results in brachydactyly through dysregulation of Shh expression. (15841179)	Niedermaier M.... Mundlos S.	2005
19	Catel-Manzke digitopalatal syndrome or Temtamy preaxial brachydactyly hyperphalangism syndrome? (16155426)	Temtamy S.A.	2005
20	Brachydactyly with extrahepatic biliary atresia, patent ductus arteriosus and seizures--a new syndrome? (15930899)	Roper E.C.... Parker M.J.	2005
21	Brachydactyly and short stature in a kindred with early-onset parkinsonism. (15368505)	Dekker M.C.... van Duijn C.M.	2004
22	Interstitial deletion of chromosome 9, int del(9)(9q22.31-q31.2), including the genes causing multiple basal cell nevus syndrome and Robinow/brachydactyly 1 syndrome. (12548386)	Olivieri C.... Danesino C.	2003
23	Peculiar facial appearance and generalized brachydactyly in a patient with congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers (Iso-Kikuchi syndrome). (11170077)	Franceschini P.... Franceschini D.	2001
24	Differences in complexity of isolated brachydactyly type C cannot be attributed to locus heterogeneity alone. (11169564)	Galjaard R.J.... Heutink P.	2001
25	Recessive Robinow syndrome, allelic to dominant brachydactyly type B, is caused by mutation of ROR2. (10932186)	Afzal A.R.... Jeffery S.	2000
26	Brachydactyly type B: case report and further evidence for clinical heterogeneity. (10457848)	Slavotinek A.... Clayton-Smith J.	1999
27	Syndrome of coronal craniosynostosis with brachydactyly and carpal/tarsal coalition due to Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3 gene. (9600744)	Graham J.M.... Jabs E.W.	1998
28	Brachydactyly type C gene maps to human chromsome 12q24. (8954778)	Polymeropoulos M.H.... Francomano C.A.	1996
29	Severe autosomal dominant hypertension and brachydactyly in a unique Turkish kindred maps to human chromosome 12. (8673114)	Schuster H.... Luft F.C.	1996
30	Can cytomegalovirus cause brachydactyly? A case report and review of the literature. (8392455)	Cinbis M.... Balci S.	1993
31	Blepharophimosis, ptosis, polythelia and brachydactyly (BPPB): a new autosomal dominant syndrome? (8305965)	Wittebol-Post D.... Hennekam R.C.	1993
32	New skeletal dysplasia with unique brachydactyly. (1632443)	Mononen T.K.... Falk R.E.	1992
33	Incidence of brachydactyly and hand exostosis in hereditary multiple exostosis. (1995669)	Cates H.E.... Burgess R.C.	1991
34	Brachydactyly type A-7 (Smorgasbord): a new entity. (2714013)	Meiselman S.A.... Goodman R.M.	1989
35	Familial combination of brachydactyly, type E and atrial septal defect, type II. (2591402)	Czeizel A.... GAPblyAPs P.	1989
36	Coexistent pseudohypoparathyroidism and D brachydactyly in a family. (3815876)	Graudal N.... Bonde J.	1986
37	Unusual type of brachydactyly associated with short stature and facial anomalies. A new syndrome? (4025394)	Richieri-Costa A.... Otto P.A.	1985
38	New syndrome: exostoses, anetodermia, brachydactyly. (6334993)	Mollica F.... Guarneri B.	1984
39	Brachydactyly with major involvement of proximal phalanges. (7083610)	Fujimoto A.... Wilson M.G.	1982
40	Bilateral femoral head collapse in an adolescent with brachydactyly (multiple epiphyseal dysplasia tarda type 1c). (7334105)	Wenger D.R.... Ezaki M.	1981
41	Familial colorectal cancer and hereditary brachydactyly. (6784851)	Macrae F.A.... St John D.J.	1981
42	Brachydactyly and polydactyly with dermal ridge dissociation and ridge hypoplasia. (513089)	Crawfurd M.D.... SaldaA+a-Garcia P.	1979
43	Brachydactyly type B and symphalangism in different members of a Mexican family. (1081366)	Zavala C.... Lisker R.	1975
44	A new syndrome of brachydactyly of the hands and feet with duplication of the first toes. (4469972)	Sugarman G.I.... Kulik W.J.	1974
45	Dermatoglyphics in patients with a syndrome of brachydactyly, short stature and hypertension. (4805188)	Taysi K.... Bilginturan N.	1973
46	An unusual case of brachydactyly. Peripheral dysostosis? Pseudo-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism? Cone epiphyses? (6020652)	Arkless R.... Graham C.B.	1967
47	Brachydactyly and outflow heart tract obstruction. Report of two cases. (6081024)	SA!nchez Cascos A.	1967
48	Hereditary brachydactyly. (5961825)	Hoefnagel D.... Gerald P.S.	1966
49	Inherited brachydactyly and hypoplasia of the bones of the extremities. (13953230)	HAWS D.V.	1963
50	Familial brachydactyly with associated bilateral coxitis. (21018438)	BRAILSFORD J.F.	1946

Genes related to Brachydactyly

Sources:
²⁰GeneCards, ¹²DISEASES, ⁴⁷Novoseek, ⁷Cosmic
See all MalaCards sources

Genes related to Brachydactyly:

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

id	Symbol	Description	Score	Implication	PubmedIds
1	GDF5	Growth Differentiation Factor 5	66.62	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Summaries, Variants (show sections)	17602228, 16532400
2	ROR2	Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Like Orphan Receptor 2	59.01	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Summaries (show sections)	12919145, 19236432, 19640924 more 15952209, 12548386, 17632781, 18365018
3	IHH	Indian Hedgehog	55.88	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Summaries, Variants (show sections)
4	HOXD13	Homeobox D13	55.86	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Variants (show sections)	15643670, 11850178, 12620993 more 17236141
5	PTHLH	Parathyroid Hormone-Like Hormone	54.69	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Summaries, Variants (show sections)
6	CHSY1	Chondroitin Sulfate Synthase 1	53.10	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Summaries, Variants (show sections)
7	GNAS	GNAS Complex Locus	45.02	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications (show sections)	15070926, 12970262, 9600732 more 12719376
8	HDAC4	Histone Deacetylase 4	44.83	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Gene name (show sections)
9	BMPR1B	Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 1B	44.82	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Variants (show sections)
10	NOG	Noggin	43.62	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Variants (show sections)
11	PDE3A	Phosphodiesterase 3A	43.12	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications, Variants (show sections)
12	COL2A1	Collagen Type II Alpha 1	41.84	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications (show sections)	12205109, 8024616, 15643621
13	RUNX2	Runt Related Transcription Factor 2	35.75	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Publications (show sections)	11886988
14	FGD1	FYVE, RhoGEF And PH Domain Containing 1	32.66	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)	15809997
15	TRPS1	Transcriptional Repressor GATA Binding 1	32.50	DISEASES inferred ¹² Novoseek inferred ⁴⁷ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)	11112658
16	TRPV4	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4	31.98	DISEASES inferred ¹² GeneCards inferred via : Disorders, Variants (show sections)

Variations for Brachydactyly

Expression for genes affiliated with Brachydactyly

Sources:
¹⁷Gene Expression Omnibus DataSets
See all MalaCards sources

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Brachydactyly.

Pathways for genes affiliated with Brachydactyly

Sources:
⁵²PathCards, ³¹KEGG, ⁵⁸SinoBiological, ⁵⁷Reactome, ³⁹NCBI BioSystems Database, ⁶²Thomson Reuters, ⁵⁶R&D Systems
See all MalaCards sources

Pathways related to Brachydactyly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

id	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	TGF-beta signaling pathway (KEGG)³¹ Show member pathways TGF-beta signaling pathway³¹	9.5	BMPR1B, GDF5, NOG
2	TGF-beta Signaling Pathway (sino)⁵⁸ Show member pathways TGF-beta Signaling Pathway⁵⁸	9.5	BMPR1B, GDF5, NOG
3	G alpha (s) signalling events⁵⁷	9.5	GNAS, PDE3A, PTHLH
4	Signaling by BMP⁵⁷ Show member pathways BMP receptor signaling³⁹ BMP signalling and regulation³⁹	9.2	BMPR1B, NOG, RUNX2
5	Development_Hedgehog and PTH signaling pathways in bone and cartilage development⁶²	9.1	GNAS, IHH, PTHLH, RUNX2
6	Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers⁵⁶	8.9	COL2A1, GDF5, NOG, RUNX2
7	Endochondral Ossification³⁹	8.7	COL2A1, HDAC4, IHH, PTHLH, RUNX2

GO Terms for genes affiliated with Brachydactyly

Sources:
¹⁸Gene Ontology
See all MalaCards sources

Biological processes related to Brachydactyly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 19)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	limb morphogenesis	GO:0035108	10.5	BMPR1B, HOXD13
2	somite development	GO:0061053	10.3	IHH, NOG
3	osteoblast development	GO:0002076	10.3	HDAC4, PTHLH
4	SMAD protein signal transduction	GO:0060395	10.3	GDF5, ROR2
5	positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	GO:0032332	10.3	BMPR1B, GDF5, IHH
6	dorsal/ventral pattern formation	GO:0009953	10.2	BMPR1B, NOG
7	cartilage condensation	GO:0001502	10.0	BMPR1B, COL2A1, ROR2
8	positive regulation of vascular permeability	GO:0043117	10.0	PDE3A, TRPV4
9	embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis	GO:0048701	10.0	GNAS, RUNX2
10	regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	GO:0032330	9.9	PTHLH, TRPS1
11	embryonic digit morphogenesis	GO:0042733	9.8	HOXD13, IHH, NOG, ROR2
12	endochondral ossification	GO:0001958	9.7	COL2A1, GNAS, RUNX2
13	chondrocyte differentiation	GO:0002062	9.4	BMPR1B, COL2A1, GDF5, RUNX2
14	chondrocyte development	GO:0002063	9.4	BMPR1B, CHSY1, RUNX2
15	cartilage development	GO:0051216	9.1	CHSY1, COL2A1, IHH, NOG
16	BMP signaling pathway	GO:0030509	9.1	BMPR1B, GDF5, NOG, ROR2, RUNX2
17	cellular response to BMP stimulus	GO:0071773	9.0	BMPR1B, COL2A1, NOG, RUNX2
18	skeletal system development	GO:0001501	8.9	BMPR1B, COL2A1, HDAC4, NOG
19	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:0045944	8.8	HDAC4, HOXD13, IHH, NOG, RUNX2