Drug Dependence malady

Disease Ontology: A substance dependence that involves the continued use of drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance.⁶

MalaCards: Drug Dependence is related to alcoholism and heroin dependence. An important gene associated with Drug Dependence is DARC (Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor), and among its related pathways are Amine ligand-binding receptors and Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine). The compounds nicotine and carbachol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include prostate and t cells, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and renal/urinary system.

Wikipedia: Substance dependence, commonly called drug addiction, is a drug user\'s compulsive need to use...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

drug dependence 6 32 43

Diseases related to drug dependence by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 357)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	alcoholism	33.8	ADH1B, GABRA2
2	heroin dependence	30.4	BDNF, MAOA, HTR3B, DRD2, PDYN, OPRD1
3	opiate dependence	28.3	DRD2, DRD3, CREB1
4	conduct disorder	27.8	MAOA, DRD2, NOS1, POMC, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
5	cocaine dependence	26.8	CNR1, ANKK1, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, CRH
6	substance dependence	25.1	CNR1, BDNF, FOS, ANKK1, MAOA, DRD2
7	alcohol dependence	22.3	NCAM1, CNR1, BDNF, CHRM2, MMP9, ANKK1
8	prostatitis	17.8	NCAM1, CNR1, SELP, BDNF, CHRM2, ITGB3
9	cerebritis	17.6	NCAM1, CNR1, SELP, BDNF, CHRM2, ITGB3
10	antisocial personality disorder	13.8	MAOA, DRD2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
11	personality disorder	13.7	MAOA, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
12	manic-depressive illness	13.7	MAOA, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
13	chronic pain	13.7	PNOC, PDYN, OPRD1, PENK
14	fetal alcohol syndrome	13.7	SLC6A3, ADH1B, ADH1A, ADH6
15	dyskinesia of esophagus	13.7	DRD2, DRD3, PDYN, SLC6A3, PENK
16	social phobia	13.7	MAOA, HTR3A, DRD2, SLC6A4
17	central nervous system disease	13.6	CNR1, BDNF, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
18	growth mental deficiency syndrome of myhre	13.6	BDNF, MAOA, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
19	premature ejaculation	13.6	HTR3A, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
20	pathological gambling	13.6	MAOA, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
21	migraine without aura	13.6	DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, PNOC, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
22	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	13.6	ADH1B, ADH4, ADH7, ADH1A, ADH1C
23	postpartum depression	13.5	BDNF, MAOA, PNOC, CRH, SLC6A4
24	neurogenic bladder	13.5	CHRM2, PNOC, OPRL1
25	morphine dependence	13.5	NOS1, OPRD1, OPRK1
26	sepiapterin reductase deficiency	13.5	DRD2, NOS1, SLC6A3
27	neurotic disorder	13.5	BDNF, MAOA, HTR3A, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A4
28	major affective disorder	13.5	HTR3A, DRD2, NOS1, SLC6A4
29	movement disease	13.5	DRD2, DRD3, SNCA, SLC6A3
30	schizophrenia	13.5	ANKK1, MAOA, DRD2, DRD3, NOS1
31	melancholia	13.4	MAOA, CRH, POMC, SLC6A4
32	endogenous depression	13.4	MAOA, CRH, POMC
33	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	13.4	BDNF, MAOA, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, SLC6A3
34	amnestic disorder	13.4	CNR1, HTR3A, PDYN, POMC
35	striatonigral degeneration	13.4	DRD1, DRD2, SNCA, SLC6A3
36	gilles de la tourette syndrome	13.4	HTR3A, HTR3B, DRD2, SLC6A3, GDNF
37	neuroleptic malignant syndrome	13.4	ANKK1, HTR3A, DRD2, POMC
38	progressive supranuclear palsy	13.4	DRD2, SNCA, CRHR1, SLC6A3
39	borderline personality disorder	13.3	BDNF, MAOA, HTR3A, CRH, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
40	fetal alcohol spectrum disorder	13.3	BDNF, CREB1, ADH6
41	essential tremor	13.3	DRD3, SNCA, SLC6A3, ADH1B
42	bone cancer	13.2	CNR1, FOS, PDYN, PENK
43	ppm-x syndrome	13.2	BDNF, HTR3A, DRD2, NOS1, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
44	seasonal affective disorder	13.2	CRH, POMC, NPY, SLC6A4
45	aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma	13.2	MAOA, HTR3A, DRD2, DRD3, TSPO, SLC6A4
46	pituitary-dependent cushing's disease	13.2	SST, CRH, POMC
47	portal hypertension	13.2	CNR1, MAOA, SST
48	insomnia	13.2	HTR3A, CRH, TSPO, SLC6A4
49	nelson syndrome	13.2	SST, CRH, POMC
50	rett syndrome	13.1	BDNF, DRD2, NTS, POMC, GDNF

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to drug dependence:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to drug dependence:

²⁵ (show all 20)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.4	OPRK1, CRHR1, PPYR1
2	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	9.8	SNCA, DRD3, DRD2, HTR3A, CHRM2, SELP
3	taste/olfaction phenotype	MP:0005394	9.7	ADH7, ADCY8, SLC6A3, SNCA, DRD2, BDNF
4	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	9.1	NPY, POMC, PDYN, NOS1, CRHR2, PPYR1
5	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	8.7	NOS1, CRHR1, CRH, DRD2, ITGB3, CHRM2
6	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	8.1	GDNF, SLC6A3, SNCA, PPYR1, DRD2, CAMK2G
7	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	7.7	DARC, SNCA, NOS1, PDYN, DRD2, MDM2
8	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.2	GDNF, NPY, OPRK1, PDYN, NOS1, SNCA
9	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.9	NOS1, SOD1, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, GDNF, CREB1
10	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	6.8	SLC6A3, DBI, NOS1, CRHR1, SLC6A4, ADH7
11	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	6.6	NOS1, CRHR2, DRD1, FOS, MMP9, MMP2
12	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	6.2	CRH, CRHR1, NOS1, OPRL1, NPY, SLC6A3
13	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	6.2	CREB1, CRHR1, CRHR2, NOS1, SOD1, POMC
14	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	5.8	PPYR1, SNCA, PNOC, CRH, PDYN, DBI
15	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	5.6	SNCA, CREB1, CRH, PDYN, DBI, NPY
16	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	5.4	MDM2, MAOA, HTR3A, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3
17	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	5.1	DRD2, SNCA, CREB1, CRH, NOS1, PDYN
18	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	4.6	OPRK1, OPRL1, POMC, NPY, SLC6A3, SLC6A4
19	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	4.5	SST, SNCA, CREB1, CRH, CRHR2, NOS1
20	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	2.8	CNR1, NTS, PPYR1, SNCA, CREB1, CRH

Articles related to drug dependence:

(show all 39)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Functional genetic variants that increase synaptic se rotonin and 5-HT3 receptor sensitivity predict alcohol and drug dependence. (20838391)	Enoch M.A.... Goldman D.	2010	SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR3B
2	Non-treatment laboratory stress- and cue-reactivity s tudies are associated with decreased substance use among drug-dependent individ uals. (19717245)	DeSantis S.M.... Brady K.T.	2009	CRH
3	Pro-Opiomelanocortin Gene Variation Related to Alcohol or Drug Dependence: Evidence and Replications Across Family- and Population-based Studies. (19217079)	Zhang H.... Gelernter J.	2009	POMC
4	The association between the T309G polymorphism of the MDM2 gene and sensitivity to anticancer drug is dependent on the p53 mutationa l status in cellular models. (19513075)	Faur N.... Le Morvan V.	2009	MDM2
5	Endogenous modulators for drug dependence. (18758051)	Yamada K.	2008	MMP2, GDNF
6	Haplotypic Variants in DRD2, ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 are Associated With Comorbid Alcohol and Drug Dependence. (18828801)	Yang B.Z.... Gelernter J.	2008	NCAM1, DRD2, ANKK1
7	Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. (18384978)	Corley R.P.... Krauter K.	2008	OPRM1, CHRNA2
8	Fine specificity of drug-dependent antibodies reactive with a restricted domain of platelet GPIIIA. (17959856)	Peterson J.A.... Aster R.H.	2008	ITGB3
9	Sensitivity of human prostate cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs depends on EndoG expression regulated by promoter methylation. (18565644)	Wang X.... Basnakian A.G.	2008	ENDOG
10	The OPRD1 and OPRK1 loci in alcohol or drug dependence: OPRD1 variation modulates substance dependence risk. (17622222)	Zhang H.... Gelernter J.	2008	OPRK1, OPRD1
11	Association analysis of genes encoding the nociceptin receptor (OPRL1) and its endogenous ligand (PNOC) with alcohol or illicit drug dependence. (17910740)	Xuei X.... Edenberg H.J.	2008	OPRL1, PNOC
12	Pro-addictive and anti-addictive factors for drug dependence. (18954024)	Yamada K.	2008	MMP2, MMP9, GDNF
13	Linkage disequilibrium and association analysis of alpha-synuclein and alcohol and drug dependence in two American Indian populations. (17374033)	Clarimon J.... Mulligan C.J.	2007	SNCA
14	Multiple ADH genes modulate risk for drug dependence in both African- and European-Americans. (17185388)	Luo X.... Gelernter J.	2007	ADH5, ADH7, ADH1B
15	The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: family-based association study. (17503481)	Xuei X.... Edenberg H.J.	2007	POMC, OPRM1, OPRK1
16	Alcohol dependence with comorbid drug dependence: genetic and phenotypic associations suggest a more severe form of the disorder with stronger genetic contribution to risk. (17567401)	Dick D.M.... Bierut L.J.	2007	CHRM2
17	Association of GABRA2 with drug dependence in the collaborative study of the genetics of alcoholism sample. (16622805)	Agrawal A.... Dick D.M.	2006	GABRA2
18	The role of GABRA2 in risk for conduct disorder and alcohol and drug dependence across developmental stages. (16557364)	Dick D.M.... Foroud T.	2006	GABRA2
19	Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonists in affective disorders and drug dependence-- an update. (16611089)	Steckler T.... Dautzenberg F.M.	2006	CRHR1, CRH, CRHR2
20	ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol dependence and drug dependence in European Americans: results from HWD tests and case-control association studies. (16237392)	Luo X.... Gelernter J.	2006	ADH7, ADH4
21	How do self-help agencies work for recovery of drug dependence in Japan? (17037343)	Morita N.... Okasaka Y.	2006	DARC
22	ADH4 gene variation is associated with alcohol and drug dependence: results from family controlled and population-structured association studies. (16220108)	Luo X.... Gelernter J.	2005	ADH4
23	Two distinct subgroups of tirofiban-induced thrombocytopenia exist due to drug dependent antibodies that cause platelet activation and increased ischaemic events. (16287613)	Dunkley S.... Jepson N.	2005	SELP, ANXA5
24	The dopamine D3 receptor and drug dependence: effects on reward or beyond? (15963538)	Le Foll B.... Sokoloff P.	2005	DRD3
25	CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders: results from an extended case-control structured association study. (16000316)	Luo X.... Gelernter J.	2005	CHRM2
26	Peroxynitrite and drug-dependent toxicity. (15691591)	Denicola A.... Radi R.	2005	SOD1, NOS1
27	Narcotic antagonists in drug dependence: pilot study showing enhancement of compliance with SYN-10, amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition therapy. (15288384)	Chen T.J.... Braverman E.R.	2004	MME, DRD2
28	Possible pharmacotherapy of the opioid kappa receptor agonist for drug dependence. (15542743)	Hasebe K.... Suzuki T.	2004	OPRK1
29	Gastrointestinally distributed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, which metabolizes estrogens and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, depends upon phosphorylation. (15117964)	Basu N.K.... Owens I.S.	2004	UGT1A10, UGT1A7
30	A study on effectiveness of recovery from drug dependence by participates with 'DARC' (15160890)	Kondo C.... Wada K.	2004	DARC
31	Molecular biology of drug dependence and behavioral sensitization (12642909)	Ujike H.	2002	BDNF, CAMK2G, PPYR1
32	Association study of cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) alleles and drug dependence. (11526463)	Covault J.... Kranzler H.	2001	CNR1
33	Functional involvement of cerebral diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) in the establishment of drug dependence (11288485)	Katsura M.	2001	TSPO
34	Family-based study of DRD2 alleles in alcohol and drug dependence. (11054774)	Blomqvist O.... Kranzler H.R.	2000	DRD2
35	Association of alcohol or other drug dependence with alleles of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). (9756053)	Kranzler H.R.... Kaufman D.	1998	OPRM1
36	Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis. (9471114)	Markou A.... Koob G.F.	1998	NPY, SST, CRH
37	Chronic morphine increases hippocampal acetylcholine release: possible relevance in drug dependence. (8790987)	Imperato A.... Gessa G.L.	1996	DRD1
38	Introduction to the role of excitatory amino acids in the actions of abused drugs: a symposium presented at the 1993 annual meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. (7758407)	McGinty J.F.	1995	NTS, PDYN
39	The role of 5-HT3 receptors in drug dependence. (7671767)	Grant K.A.	1995	HTR3A

Genes related to drug dependence according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 60)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	DARC	Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor	11.0	Publications
2	OPRL1	opiate receptor-like 1	11.0	Publications
3	PNOC	prepronociceptin	11.0	Publications
4	OPRK1	opioid receptor, kappa 1	11.0	Publications
5	OPRD1	opioid receptor, delta 1	11.0	Publications
6	CHRM2	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2	11.0	Publications
7	PDYN	prodynorphin	11.0	Publications
8	MAOA	monoamine oxidase A	11.0
9	CNR1	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	11.0	Publications
10	DRD3	dopamine receptor D3	11.0	Publications
11	DRD2	dopamine receptor D2	11.0	Publications
12	SLC6A4	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	11.0	Publications
13	SLC6A3	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, dopamine), member 3	11.0
14	ADH6	alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)	11.0	Publications
15	ADH4	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	11.0	Publications
16	UGT1A7	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7	11.0	Publications
17	TTC12	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12	11.0	Publications
18	UGT1A10	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A10	11.0	Publications
19	ENDOG	endonuclease G	11.0	Publications
20	PENK	proenkephalin	11.0	Publications
21	CHRNA2	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal)	11.0	Publications
22	ADH1A	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	11.0	Publications
23	ANKK1	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	11.0	Publications
24	ADH7	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	11.0	Publications
25	PPYR1	pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1	11.0	Publications
26	NTS	neurotensin	11.0	Publications
27	ADH1B	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	11.0	Publications
28	ADH1C	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	11.0	Publications
29	ADH5	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	11.0	Publications
30	CRHR2	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	11.0	Publications
31	GABRA2	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2	11.0	Publications
32	HTR3B	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3B, ionotropic	11.0	Publications
33	DBI	diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA binding protein)	11.0
34	SELP	selectin P (granule membrane protein 140kDa, antigen CD62)	11.0	Publications
35	CRHR1	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	11.0	Publications
36	CRH	corticotropin releasing hormone	11.0	Publications
37	POMC	proopiomelanocortin	11.0	Publications
38	ADCY8	adenylate cyclase 8 (brain)	11.0	Functions
39	DRD1	dopamine receptor D1	11.0	Publications
40	TSPO	translocator protein (18kDa)	11.0	Publications
41	SST	somatostatin	11.0	Publications
42	SNCA	synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor)	11.0	Publications
43	CAMK2G	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma	11.0	Publications
44	ANXA5	annexin A5	11.0	Publications
45	AASS	aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase	11.0
46	NCAM1	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	11.0	Publications
47	ITGB3	integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)	11.0	Publications
48	HTR3A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A, ionotropic	11.0	Publications
49	MMP2	matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase)	11.0	Publications
50	MDM2	Mdm2, p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (mouse)	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to drug dependence according to GeneDecks:

(show all 25)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Amine ligand-binding receptors38	10.3	DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, CHRM2
2	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)41	10.3	ADH7, ADH1B, MAOA
3	Biological oxidations38	10.3	ADH1B, ADH4, ADH7, ADH1C, ADH6
4	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)10	10.3	ADH7, ADH1B, MAOA
5	Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics34	10.2	POMC, CRHR2, CRHR1, CRH
6	DREAM Repression and Dynorphin Expression36	10.1	CREB1, PDYN, OPRK1
7	Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	10.1	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
8	Fatty acid metabolism20	10.1	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
9	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis20	10.1	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
10	Tyrosine metabolism20	10.0	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
11	Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q10	10.0	NPY, OPRL1, OPRK1, OPRD1, PPYR1
12	Retinol metabolism20	9.9	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
13	Selected targets of CREB110	9.9	PENK, PDYN, CRH, CREB1, PNOC
14	Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P45020	9.9	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
15	Drug metabolism - cytochrome P45020	9.9	UGT1A10, UGT1A7, MAOA, ADH1B, ADH4, ADH7
16	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)38	9.6	PENK, NPY, OPRL1, OPRK1, OPRD1, PDYN
17	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	9.4	CNR1, CHRNA2, GABRA2, OPRL1, CHRM2, DRD1
18	Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway36	9.1	ADCY8, NOS1, CREB1, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
19	Metabolic pathways20	9.0	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
20	Cholinergic synapse20	8.9	ADCY8, CREB1, CAMK2G, FOS, CHRM2
21	Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK10	8.9	CREB1, CAMK2G, FOS, CHRM2
22	Neuroscience3	8.7	SOD1, NOS1, CREB1, SNCA, CAMK2G, NCAM1
23	Development_ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK41	8.6	CAMK2G, FOS, CHRM2, CREB1
24	Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons36	8.5	PDYN, NOS1, CREB1, CAMK2G, FOS, BDNF
25	CRHR Pathway36	8.2	POMC, NOS1, CRHR2, CRHR1, CRH, CREB1

Compounds related to drug dependence according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 359)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nicotine32 34 9 9	13.3	UGT1A10, UGT1A7, ANKK1, CRH, CHRNA2, OPRK1
2	carbachol32 9 9	11.7	CHRM2, DRD1, SST, CHRNA2, OPRD1, CRH
3	sulpiride32 9 9	11.4	DRD3, DRD2, SLC6A3, NTS, CRH, PDYN
4	naltrexone32 34 9 9	12.0	PENK, NPY, POMC, OPRM1, OPRL1, OPRK1
5	quinpirole32	9.0	NTS, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, FOS, CNR1
6	imipramine32 34 9 18 9	12.8	MAOA, UGT1A7, UGT1A10, CHRM2, BDNF, SLC6A4
7	fluoxetine32 34 9 9	11.8	CREB1, DRD2, HTR3A, MAOA, BDNF, CNR1
8	catecholamine32	8.8	CRH, SNCA, NTS, DRD3, DRD1, CAMK2G
9	mptp32	8.8	GDNF, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, TSPO, NOS1, SNCA
10	tetrodotoxin32	8.6	NPY, OPRD1, NOS1, CRH, NTS, CAMK2G
11	gnrh32	8.5	PDYN, CRHR2, CRH, CREB1, NTS, CAMK2G
12	heroin32 9 9	10.5	PENK, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, POMC, OPRM1, OPRK1
13	clozapine32 34 9 9	11.5	HTR3A, ANKK1, FOS, CHRM2, DRD1, DRD2
14	atropine32 9 9	10.4	NTS, SST, DRD1, MME, CHRM2, SNCA
15	olanzapine32 34 9 18 9	12.3	DRD3, NTS, DRD2, DRD1, HTR3A, ANKK1
16	apomorphine32 9 9	10.2	NTS, DRD2, DRD3, SNCA, SLC6A3, DRD1
17	opiate32	8.2	PENK, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, MME, CHRM2
18	choline32 9 18 9	11.2	NOS1, SNCA, NTS, SST, CAMK2G, CHRM2
19	methamphetamine32 9 9	10.1	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, NPY, OPRD1, PDYN, NOS1
20	haloperidol32 34 9 9	11.1	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, NPY, CREB1, NTS, DRD3
21	ethanol32 34 9 18 9	12.1	GDNF, ADH6, CAMK2G, ANKK1, BDNF, NCAM1
22	estrogen32	8.0	BDNF, PDYN, NOS1, CRHR1, CRH, PNOC
23	epinephrine32 9 18 9	10.9	SELP, BDNF, SLC6A4, NPY, POMC, OPRD1
24	levodopa32 9 9	9.9	GDNF, SLC6A3, SOD1, OPRK1, CNR1, PDYN
25	amphetamine32 9 9	9.8	NTS, SST, DRD2, DRD1, CAMK2G, MAOA
26	corticosterone32 18	8.7	CRHR1, CRH, CREB1, NTS, FOS, BDNF
27	capsaicin32	7.4	NTS, MAOA, ANXA5, FOS, MME, BDNF
28	5-hydroxytryptamine32	7.4	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, NPY, POMC, OPRL1, MME
29	naloxone32 34 9 9	10.4	CREB1, PNOC, NTS, SST, DRD1, FOS
30	cyclic amp32 18	8.3	CAMK2G, MDM2, FOS, BDNF, CNR1, DRD1
31	cysteine32	7.3	PENK, GDNF, OPRK1, PDYN, CRH, CREB1
32	alanine32	7.2	MDM2, MMP9, MMP2, ITGB3, CHRM2, CNR1
33	kainate32	7.1	PENK, NPY, TSPO, PDYN, CREB1, NTS
34	arginine32	7.1	OPRK1, CNR1, SELP, MME, OPRD1, TSPO
35	6-hydroxydopamine32	7.0	DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, MAOA, FOS, BDNF
36	morphine32 9 9	9.0	PENK, SLC6A3, OPRM1, OPRL1, OPRK1, OPRD1
37	histamine32 18	7.8	NOS1, CAMK2G, TSPO, CHRM2, NPY, BDNF
38	forskolin32 42 9 9	9.7	PNOC, NTS, DRD1, CAMK2G, FOS, MME
39	testosterone32 9 18 9	9.7	NTS, SST, MDM2, MMP9, MMP2, MME
40	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	9.3	GDNF, SLC6A3, NPY, POMC, CAMK2G, HTR3A
41	nmda32 42	7.1	CREB1, NCAM1, CNR1, PNOC, PPYR1, NTS
42	cocaine32 9 9	8.1	POMC, DRD1, CAMK2G, FOS, CHRM2, BDNF
43	glutamate32	6.0	ADH5, AASS, PENK, OPRK1, OPRD1, PDYN
44	gaba32 42	6.7	NPY, DRD2, DRD1, CAMK2G, HTR3A, MAOA
45	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	8.6	GDNF, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, NPY, POMC, OPRL1
46	retinoic acid32 42 18	7.1	ADH7, ADH4, PENK, NPY, OPRK1, OPRD1
47	adenylate32	4.6	NPY, POMC, OPRL1, OPRD1, PDYN, NOS1
48	dopamine32 9 18 9	7.5	GDNF, ADH1B, PENK, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, OPRK1
49	tyrosine32	4.4	PPYR1, NTS, DARC, DRD3, DRD1, CAMK2G
50	calcium32 9 18 9	7.4	GDNF, ADCY8, AASS, PENK, NPY, DRD1

Cellular components related to drug dependence according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	axon terminus	GO:043679	10.3	CHRM2, DRD2, OPRD1
2	platelet alpha granule membrane	GO:031092	9.8	SELP, ITGB3, SNCA
3	postsynaptic membrane	GO:045211	9.4	CHRNA2, GABRA2, OPRD1, HTR3B, HTR3A, CHRM2
4	axon	GO:030424	9.3	GABRA2, SLC6A3, SNCA, DRD2, DRD1, HTR3B
5	neuronal cell body	GO:043025	9.1	SLC6A3, SOD1, SST, DRD1, HTR3B, HTR3A
6	integral to plasma membrane	GO:005887	7.9	CNR1, CRHR1, CRHR2, OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRL1
7	extracellular region	GO:005576	6.6	PDYN, SOD1, POMC, NPY, PENK, ADH7
8	plasma membrane	GO:005886	5.9	OPRK1, OPRD1, PDYN, CRHR2, CRHR1, OPRL1

Biological processes related to drug dependence according to GeneDecks:

(show all 30)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	sensory perception	GO:007600	10.5	OPRL1, OPRK1, PNOC
2	behavioral response to cocaine	GO:048148	10.5	DRD1, DRD2, DRD3
3	prepulse inhibition	GO:060134	10.4	SLC6A3, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
4	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	GO:001963	10.4	DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, CRH
5	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:007193	10.4	OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRL1, ADCY8
6	adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:007188	10.4	CRHR2, CRHR1, CHRM2, CNR1
7	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO:014059	10.3	SNCA, DRD3, DRD2
8	dopamine metabolic process	GO:042417	10.3	DRD1, DRD2, DRD3
9	response to cocaine	GO:042220	10.3	SLC6A3, DRD3, DRD2, HTR3A, CNR1
10	negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep	GO:042321	10.2	DRD1, DRD2
11	negative regulation of blood pressure	GO:045776	10.2	CNR1, DRD2, DRD3, NPY
12	regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:051584	10.2	GDNF, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
13	xenobiotic metabolic process	GO:006805	10.2	ADH6, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4, ADH1B
14	ethanol oxidation	GO:006069	10.1	ADH6, ADH5, ADH1C, ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4
15	behavior	GO:007610	10.1	NPY, OPRK1, MAOA, CNR1
16	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	GO:042136	10.1	SLC6A3, NOS1, MAOA
17	peristalsis	GO:030432	10.1	GDNF, DRD2, DRD1
18	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	GO:007187	10.0	NPY, OPRD1, DRD1, CHRM2, CNR1
19	learning or memory	GO:007611	10.0	ADCY8, CRH, DRD3, BDNF
20	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:007218	10.0	PENK, NPY, POMC, OPRD1, PDYN, PNOC
21	response to nicotine	GO:035094	10.0	SLC6A3, DRD2, MMP9, CNR1
22	response to amphetamine	GO:001975	9.9	SOD1, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
23	feeding behavior	GO:007631	9.7	NPY, CRH, PPYR1, DRD2, BDNF
24	locomotory behavior	GO:007626	9.6	SLC6A3, SOD1, DRD3, DRD2
25	response to ethanol	GO:045471	9.3	ADH6, ADH7, SLC6A3, SOD1, DRD3, MMP9
26	digestion	GO:007586	9.2	HTR3A, SST, PPYR1, NPY
27	positive regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043065	8.9	SOD1, TSPO, ANXA5, ENDOG, MMP9, CNR1
28	response to heat	GO:009408	8.8	MMP9, SST, NOS1, SOD1
29	synaptic transmission	GO:007268	8.1	MDM2, CHRNA2, GABRA2, ADCY8, SLC6A3, NPY
30	response to drug	GO:042493	7.9	SLC6A4, SLC6A3, SOD1, TSPO, CREB1, SNCA

Molecular functions related to drug dependence according to GeneDecks:

(show all 8)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor activity	GO:015056	10.2	CRHR1, CRHR2
2	alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent	GO:004024	10.2	ADH1A, ADH7, ADH4, ADH1B
3	opioid peptide activity	GO:001515	10.2	PNOC, PDYN, PENK
4	dopamine binding	GO:035240	10.1	SLC6A3, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1
5	alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) activity	GO:004022	10.0	ADH4, ADH7, ADH1A, ADH1C, ADH5, ADH6
6	drug binding	GO:008144	10.0	SLC6A3, DRD3, DRD2, DRD1, UGT1A7, CHRM2
7	serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity	GO:005232	9.8	HTR3A, HTR3B
8	neuropeptide hormone activity	GO:005184	9.7	NTS, PNOC, CRH, NPY, PENK