Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rapidly progressive form of muscular dystrophy that occurs primarily in boys. It is caused by a mutation in a gene, called the DMD gene, which encodes the muscle protein dystrophin. Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy do not make the dystrophin protein in their muscles. Duchenne mucular dystrophy is inherited in an X-linked recessive fashion; however, it may also occur in people from families without a known family history of the condition. Individuals who have DMD have progressive loss of muscle function and weakness, which begins in the lower limbs. In addition to the skeletal muscles used for movement, DMD may also affect the muscles of the heart.  There is no known cure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Treatment is aimed at control of symptoms to maximize the quality of life.³⁰

MalaCards: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, also known as muscular dystrophy, duchenne, is related to muscular dystrophy and ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. An important gene associated with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is RAB40AL (RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family-like), and among its related pathways are nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Arginine and proline metabolism. The compounds urea and phosphocreatine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, retina and spinal cord, and related mouse phenotypes are respiratory system and limbs/digits/tail.

Wikipedia: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy, affecting around 1...⁴⁴ more...

OMIM: 310200

Aliases & Descriptions:

duchenne muscular dystrophy 6 7 30 8 33 muscular dystrophy, duchenne 6 30 16 43 dmd 30 16 muscular dystrophy, pseudohypertrophic progressive, duchenne type 30 muscular dystrophy, classic x-linked recessive 16 progressive muscular dystrophy of childhood 16

duchenne muscular dystrophy (disorder) 6 pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy 16 childhood muscular dystrophy 16 muscular dystrophy duchenne 32 duchenne musc. dyst. 6 muscular dystrophy 43

Diseases related to duchenne muscular dystrophy by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 641)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	muscular dystrophy	40.8	PIK3C2A, SGCB, MYOD1, UTRN, CKM, CHKB
2	ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy	35.6	PIK3C2A, CHKA, CHKB, LAMA1, LAMB1, ITGA7
3	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2b	34.6	SGCB, CAV3, DMD
4	glycerol kinase deficiency	34.5	GK, DMD, NR0B1, OED
5	calpainopathy	34.3	SGCB, CAV3, CAPN2, DMD
6	aland island eye disease	33.0	GK, DMD, OED
7	adrenal hypoplasia	33.0	GK, DMD, NR0B1, OED
8	becker muscular dystrophy	32.6	PIK3C2A, VCL, UTRN, GK, DMD, SPTB
9	chronic granulomatous disease	31.6	MT-CYB, DMD, OTC, RPGR, ADA
10	dystrophinopathies	31.5	UTRN, AQP4, CAV3, GK, DTNA, DMD
11	limb-girdle muscular dystrophy	31.4	SGCB, CMYA5, CHKB, LAMB1, CAV3, CAPN2
12	albinism	30.6	AR, F2, GK, DTNBP1, PVALB, OED
13	complex glycerol kinase deficiency	30.1	GK, DMD, NR0B1
14	vacuolar myopathy	29.9	CAV3, DMD, SPTB
15	myotonia	29.8	CHKB, MSTN, HSPG2, DMD
16	sarcoglycanopathies	29.8	SGCB, VCL, AQP4, DTNA, DMD, DAG1
17	centronuclear myopathy	29.7	CHKB, CAV3, DMD, SPTB, DNM2
18	intellectual disability	29.5	CHKB, MB, GK, DMD, OTC, DAG1
19	scoliosis	29.4	FGF2, IGF1, LOX, DMD, NOS1, TIMP2
20	inclusion body myositis	29.3	MYOD1, CHKB, MSTN, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1
21	creatine phosphokinase	29.2	PIK3C2A, CKM, CHKA, CHKB, MB, CAV3
22	polymyositis	29.2	PIK3C2A, UTRN, CHKA, CHKB, CD59, MB
23	muscle disorders	29.2	CHKA, CHKB, CAV3, TNNI3, DNM2
24	gas gangrene	29.0	PIK3C2A, UTRN, CHKB, MB, DMD
25	respiratory failure	29.0	PIK3C2A, SERPINA7, MB, F2, ACE, THBD
26	neuromuscular disease	29.0	VCL, UTRN, CHKB, LAMA1, MSTN, AR
27	myotonic dystrophy	28.8	PIK3C2A, MYOD1, CKB, CKM, CHKB, AR
28	muscular atrophy	28.8	UTRN, PAMR1, CHKB, MSTN, AR, FBXO32
29	cramps	28.7	PIK3C2A, MB, HLA-B, DMD, NPPA, ADA
30	protein s deficiency	28.6	PIK3C2A, CDKN1A, F2, CAV3, DMD, SPP1
31	amyloidosis	27.8	HSPG2, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, TNNI3, TNNT2
32	primary biliary cirrhosis	27.6	F2, HSPG2, HSPD1, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1
33	glycogen storage disease	27.6	CKM, CHKB, IGF1, F2, DMD, OTC
34	distal muscular dystrophy	27.4	PIK3C2A, CAV3, DMD
35	cor pulmonale	27.3	FGF2, MB, ACE, NPPA, NPPB
36	turner syndrome	27.1	SERPINA7, AR, IGF1, F2, DMD, NR0B1
37	dermatomyositis	27.0	PIK3C2A, UTRN, CHKA, CHKB, CD59, MB
38	myositis	26.9	PIK3C2A, MYOD1, UTRN, CKM, CHKA, CHKB
39	addison's disease	26.9	F2, GK, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, DMD
40	cataract	26.6	SGCB, MT-CYB, MIP, FGF2, IGF1, HSPD1
41	twinning	26.6	CKB, MT-CYB, AR, MB, IGF1, F2
42	celiac disease	26.5	CHKB, MT-CYB, IGF1, F2, HLA-A, HLA-B
43	cerebral palsy	26.5	RAB40AL, IGF1, F2, DMD, NOS1, TIMP1
44	spinal cord injury	26.3	PIK3C2A, SERPINA7, MMP2, FGF2, FBXO32, AQP4
45	congestive heart failure	26.1	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MIP, NOS1, ACE, NPPA
46	pharyngitis	26.1	ITGA7, MMP2, MIP, AQP4, HSPG2, HLA-DRB1
47	was-related disorders	25.8	SERPINA7, CHKB, AQP4, IGF1, HLA-B, DTNBP1
48	rhabdomyosarcoma	25.8	VCL, MYOD1, S100A1, MSTN, CDKN1A, MMP2
49	skin cancer	25.5	CHKA, MMP2, FGF2, IGF1, HLA-B, TIMP1
50	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	25.3	UTRN, ZFP64, CKM, CHKB, LAMC1, MMP2

Clinical features from OMIM: 310200

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Cell-based therapeutics:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to duchenne muscular dystrophy:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to duchenne muscular dystrophy:

²⁵ (show all 22)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	9.8	ADA, NOS1, CTSH, DMD, TNNI3, CBFB
2	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	9.5	DTNA, HSPG2, CBFB, IKBKB, MSTN, CHKB
3	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	9.3	ADA, SPTB, OTC, DMD, GK, GLB1
4	other phenotype	MP:0005395	9.3	NOS1, CTSB, SPP1, DMD, CAPN2, HSPG2
5	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	9.2	ADA, SPTB, OTC, DMD, GLB1, CBFB
6	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	8.9	DMD, OTC, SPTB, CTSB, DCN, NPPA
7	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	8.7	OTC, SPP1, SPTB, CTSH, NR0B1, SNRPN
8	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	8.6	DMD, OTC, SPTB, CTSB, PLA2G6, NOS1
9	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	7.9	DTNBP1, DMD, DAG1, NOS1, RPGR, DCN
10	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	7.9	DMD, SPTB, SNRPN, NOS1, ACE, IGF1
11	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.8	TRPC1, DMD, CTSB, NOS1, THBD, DCN
12	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	7.5	DTNA, DMD, SPP1, PLA2G6, NOS1, DCN
13	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	6.5	PROM1, DCN, TIMP1, ACE, NR0B1, CTSB
14	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	6.2	SNTB2, SNTA1, SPTB, SPP1, OTC, DTNB
15	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	6.1	SNTB2, SNRPN, CTSB, CTSH, NOS1, TIMP2
16	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	6.0	SNTA1, CTSB, SPP1, DAG1, OTC, DMD
17	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	5.4	SLC18A3, DTNBP1, DTNA, TNNT2, TNNI3, CAV3
18	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	5.4	ADA, PROM1, DCN, DNM2, THBD, ACE
19	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	4.9	OTC, DMD, DTNA, TNNT2, TNNI3, GK
20	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	4.5	SNRPN, CTSB, SPP1, DAG1, OTC, DMD
21	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	3.8	THBD, CAPN2, CAV3, HSPG2, CBFB, F2
22	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	3.6	ACE, TNNT2, GK, GLB1, CAV3, HSPG2

Articles related to duchenne muscular dystrophy:

(show top 50)    (show all 204)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	SPP1 genotype is a determinant of disease severity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (21178099)	Pegoraro E.... McDonald C.M.	2011	SPP1
2	Laminin-111 protein therapy prevents muscle disease in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (19416897)	Rooney J.E.... Burkin D.J.	2009	LAMB1, LAMC1, DMD
3	Immortalized skin fibroblasts expressing conditional MyoD as a renewable and reliable source of converted human muscle cells to asse ss therapeutic strategies for muscular dystrophies: validation of an exon-skipp ing approach to restore dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cells. (19358679)	Chaouch S.... Furling D.	2009	MYOD1
4	Local restoration of dystrophin expression with the m orpholino oligomer AVI-4658 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind, pla cebo-controlled, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study. (19713152)	Kinali M.... Muntoni F.	2009	DMD
5	Applications of metabolomics and proteomics to the md x mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: lessons from downstream of the tr anscriptome. (19341503)	Griffin J.L.... Des Rosiers C.	2009	DMD
6	Tandem duplications of two separate fragments of the dystrophin gene in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (18160999)	Zhang Z.... Matsuo M.	2008	DMD
7	Paternal inheritance or a de novo mutation in a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy pedigree from South India. (18031759)	Purushottam M.... Nalini A.	2008	DMD
8	Intragenic deletions in the dystrophin gene in 211 Pakistani Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. (18353051)	Hassan M.J.... Ahmad W.	2008	DMD
9	Duchenne muscular dystrophy and idiopathic hyperCKemia in the same family. (18833644)	Eeg-Olofsson O.... Dahl N.	2008	CKM
10	Correlation of circulating CD133+ progenitor subclasses with a mild phenotype in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. (18493616)	Marchesi C.... Torrente Y.	2008	PROM1
11	Interplay of IKK/NF-kappaB signaling in macrophages and myofibers promotes muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (17380205)	Acharyya S.... Guttridge D.C.	2007	IKBKB, DMD
12	Rapid prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with gene duplications by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with competitive multiplex polymerase chain reaction strategy. (17385798)	Huang W.Y.... Chen C.P.	2007	DMD
13	Fibre-related nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (17313973)	Punkt K.... Buchwalow I.B.	2007	NOS1
14	Therapeutic restoration of dystrophin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (16874449)	Wells D.J.	2006	DMD
15	Transduction of myogenic cells by retargeted dual high-capacity hybrid viral vectors: robust dystrophin synthesis in duchenne muscular dystrophy muscle cells. (16443396)	GonAsalves M.A.... de Vries A.A.	2006	DMD
16	Antisense-induced multiexon skipping for Duchenne muscular dystrophy makes more sense. (14681829)	Aartsma-Rus A.... van Deutekom J.C.	2004	DMD
17	Identification of an HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopic peptide from human dystrophin: application in duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy. (12907150)	Ginhoux F.... Firat H.	2003	DMD
18	Transfection of normal primary human skeletal myoblasts with p21 and p57 antisense oligonucleotides to improve their proliferation: a first step towards an alternative molecular therapy approach of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (12732930)	Endesfelder S.... Speer A.	2003	CDKN1A
19	Therapeutic effect of camostat mesilate on Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. (12843632)	Sawada H.... Yokosawa H.	2003	DMD, KLK11
20	Dystrophin gene deletions in South Indian Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. (14514278)	Mallikarjuna Rao G.N.... Ananda Raj M.P.	2003	DMD
21	Electrocardiographic findings in mdx mice: a cardiac phenotype of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (12362417)	Chu V.... Hampton T.G.	2002	NOS1
22	NO vascular control in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (11135610)	Crosbie R.H.	2001	NOS1
23	Functional muscle ischemia in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient skeletal muscle of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (11087833)	Sander M.... Victor R.G.	2000	NOS1
24	Duchenne muscular dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency: a rare contiguous gene syndrome. (19078586)	Amato A.A.	2000	GK
25	Effects of dystrophin isoforms on signal transduction through neural retina: genotype-phenotype analysis of duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse mutants. (10068512)	Pillers D.A.... Woodward W.R.	1999	DMD
26	Cardioprotection for Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. (10220639)	Ishikawa Y.... Minami R.	1999	NPPA
27	Skewed X inactivation in manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (9611069)	Yoshioka M.... Mituyoshi I.	1998	AR
28	Hypercoagulable state in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (9294322)	Saito Y.... Kawai M.	1997	F2, THBD
29	Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. (9111186)	Liu J.... Van Steirteghem A.	1996	DMD
30	Genetic counseling of isolated carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (8826437)	Hoffman E.P.... Blattner P.	1996	DMD, PIK3C2A
31	A cysteine 3340 substitution in the dystroglycan-binding domain of dystrophin associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mental retardation and absence of the ERG b-wave. (8817332)	Lenk U.... Hubner C.	1996	DMD
32	Octreotide enhances positive calcium balance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (7668311)	Nutting D.F.... Bertorini T.E.	1995	IGF1
33	Genetic and biochemical normalization in female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: evidence for failure of dystrophin production in dystrophin-competent myonuclei. (7723955)	Pegoraro E.... Hoffman E.P.	1995	DMD
34	Clinical significance of dystrophin positive fibers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (7650780)	Chuang Y.H.... Chen S.S.	1995	DMD
35	Dystrophin and dystrophin-related protein in the central nervous system of normal controls and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (8171962)	Uchino M.... Ando M.	1994	DMD, UTRN
36	Elevated basic fibroblast growth factor in the serum of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (8122890)	D'Amore P.A.... Folkman J.	1994	DMD
37	Relations between delayed diagnosis and forms of ons et in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (7557061)	Alvarez Leal M.... Paredes GarcA-a A.	1994	CHKA
38	Deletion screening of Sri Lankan Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients using the polymerase chain reaction. (7681651)	Welihinda J.... Wadelius C.	1993	DMD
39	Functional significance of dystrophin positive fibres in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (8323331)	Nicholson L.V.... Gardner-Medwin D.	1993	DMD
40	Duchenne muscular dystrophy: lack of differences in the expression of endogenous carbohydrate- and heparin-binding proteins (lectins) in cultured fibroblasts. (8269975)	Stulnig T.... Hirsch-Kauffmann M.	1993	AZU1, MLXIPL
41	Deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients lacking COOH-terminal domains of dystrophin. (8349821)	Matsumura K.... Fardeau M.	1993	DMD
42	Characterization and cell type distribution of a novel, major transcript of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. (1377655)	Rapaport D.... Yaffe D.	1992	DMD
43	A yeast artificial chromosome contig containing the complete Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. (1559698)	Monaco A.P.... Lehrach H.	1992	DMD
44	Similar proportion of sporadic cases in cytochrome b558 negative chronic granulomatous disease and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (1811095)	Tanaka Y.... Kuratsuji T.	1991	MT-CYB
45	Skewed X inactivation in a female MZ twin results in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (2180286)	Richards C.S.... Cortada J.M.	1990	DMD
46	Mosaic pattern of dystrophins in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (2178618)	Tachi N.... Mike T.	1990	DMD
47	Glucose, free fatty acid and ketone body metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (2240459)	Nishio H.... Nakamura H.	1990	CHKB
48	Presence of dystrophine-like protein at the neuromuscular junction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in 'mdx' mutant mice (2119867)	Fardeau M.... LAcger J.	1990	DMD
49	Two human cDNA molecules coding for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) locus are highly homologous. (2668885)	Rosenthal A.... Davies K.E.	1989	DMD
50	The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene product is localized in sarcolemma of human skeletal muscle. (3287171)	Zubrzycka-Gaarn E.E.... Worton R.G.	1988	DMD

Genes related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 98)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	RAB40AL	RAB40A, member RAS oncogene family-like	11.1	Summaries, Publications
2	SNTB2	syntrophin, beta 2 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 2)	11.1	Summaries, Publications
3	DAG1	dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1)	11.1	Summaries, Publications
4	OTC	ornithine carbamoyltransferase	11.1	Summaries, Publications
5	SNTB1	syntrophin, beta 1 (dystrophin-associated protein A1, 59kDa, basic component 1)	11.1	Summaries
6	SNTG2	syntrophin, gamma 2	11.0	Summaries
7	OED	Oregon eye disease	11.0	Publications
8	MIR31	microRNA 31	11.0	Publications
9	GPC1	glypican 1	11.0	Publications
10	GK	glycerol kinase	11.0	Publications
11	DMD	dystrophin	11.0	Publications, Orthologs
12	DRP2	dystrophin related protein 2	11.0	Publications, Orthologs
13	GATM	glycine amidinotransferase (L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)	11.0	Publications
14	C1QB	complement component 1, q subcomponent, B chain	11.0	Publications
15	C1QC	complement component 1, q subcomponent, C chain	11.0	Publications
16	SNTA1	syntrophin, alpha 1	11.0	Publications
17	SLC18A3	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine), member 3	11.0	Publications
18	SDC3	syndecan 3	11.0	Publications
19	P2RX4	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4	11.0	Publications
20	BGN	biglycan	11.0	Publications
21	HSPB7	heat shock 27kDa protein family, member 7 (cardiovascular)	11.0
22	ITGA7	integrin, alpha 7	11.0	Publications
23	CKM	creatine kinase, muscle	11.0	Publications
24	CHKB	choline kinase beta	11.0	Publications
25	MSTN	myostatin	11.0	Publications
26	MT-CYB	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	11.0	Publications
27	PVALB	parvalbumin	11.0	Publications
28	MIP	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	11.0	Publications
29	LAP3	leucine aminopeptidase 3	11.0	Publications
30	KLK11	kallikrein-related peptidase 11	11.0	Publications
31	FBXO32	F-box protein 32	11.0	Publications
32	SERPINA7	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 7	11.0	Publications
33	CTSH	cathepsin H	11.0	Publications
34	CSNK1A1	casein kinase 1, alpha 1	11.0	Publications
35	AZU1	azurocidin 1	11.0	Publications
36	CKB	creatine kinase, brain	11.0	Publications
37	TNNI3	troponin I type 3 (cardiac)	11.0	Publications
38	CAV3	caveolin 3	11.0	Publications
39	AQP4	aquaporin 4	11.0	Publications
40	PAMR1	peptidase domain containing associated with muscle regeneration 1	11.0	Functions, Publications
41	CMYA5	cardiomyopathy associated 5	11.0	Publications, Functions
42	CAPN2	calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit	11.0	Publications
43	PIK3C2A	phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 alpha	11.0	Publications
44	MYOD1	myogenic differentiation 1	11.0	Publications
45	UTRN	utrophin	11.0	Publications, Orthologs
46	MLXIPL	MLX interacting protein-like	11.0	Publications
47	LAMB1	laminin, beta 1	11.0	Publications
48	NR0B1	nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1	11.0
49	SYNPO2	synaptopodin 2	11.0	Publications, Functions
50	CBFB	core-binding factor, beta subunit	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

(show all 21)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle36	10.5	NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, DAG1, DMD, CAPN2
2	Arginine and proline metabolism20	10.5	GATM, NOS1, OTC, LAP3, CKM, CKB
3	Muscular Dystrophies and Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex36	10.1	HSPG2, NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, DAG1, DMD
4	ECM-receptor interaction20	9.9	SPP1, DAG1, HSPG2, ITGA7, LAMC1, LAMB1
5	Focal adhesion20	9.9	SHC2, SPP1, CAPN2, CAV3, ITGA7, LAMC1
6	Cell adhesion Cell-matrix glycoconjugates10	9.9	LAMA1, LAMB1, LAMC1, TIMP2
7	Dilated cardiomyopathy20	9.9	DAG1, DMD, TNNT2, TNNI3, IGF1, ITGA7
8	Complement and coagulation cascades20	9.7	THBD, C1QB, C1QC, F2, CD59
9	PTEN Pathway36	9.7	HSPG2, FGF2, ITGA7, LAMC1, LAMB1, LAMA1
10	FAK1 Signaling36	9.7	SPP1, CAPN2, HSPG2, ITGA7, LAMC1, LAMB1
11	Viral myocarditis20	9.6	DAG1, DMD, HLA-DRB1, HLA-B, HLA-A, SGCB
12	Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases36	9.4	TIMP2, TIMP1, HSPG2, MMP2
13	UPA-UPAR Pathway36	9.3	SPP1, HSPG2, MMP2, ITGA7, LAMC1, LAMB1
14	ERK Signaling36	9.2	TIMP2, TIMP1, SPP1, CAPN2, HSPG2, ITGA7
15	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)20	9.1	ACE, DAG1, DMD, TNNT2, TNNI3, IGF1
16	Toxoplasmosis20	9.0	PLA2G6, HLA-DRB1, IKBKB, LAMC1, LAMB1, LAMA1
17	Cell adhesion_ECM remodeling41	8.9	LAMB1, LAMC1, MMP2, IGF1, TIMP1, TIMP2
18	Cell adhesion ECM remodeling10	8.9	TIMP2, LAMA1, LAMB1, LAMC1, MMP2, IGF1
19	Pathways in cancer20	8.5	IKBKB, FGF2, AR, MMP2, CDKN1A, LAMC1
20	MAPK Signaling36	8.4	HSPG2, SPP1, TIMP1, TIMP2, IGF1, FGF2
21	Phospholipase-C Pathway36	8.3	TIMP2, TIMP1, PLA2G6, SPP1, HSPG2, IGF1

Compounds related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 189)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	urea32 9 18 9	13.4	PIK3C2A, SERPINA7, VCL, CHKB, MIP, AQP4
2	phosphocreatine32 18	11.3	PIK3C2A, CKM, CHKA, CKB
3	glucose32	10.1	LAP3, MSTN, MIP, IKBKB, LOX, DMD
4	citrate32	10.0	CHKB, MB, PIK3C2A, FGF2, CHKA, MYOD1
5	sodium32 18	10.9	CAV3, PIK3C2A, SGCB, CKB, MIP, DMD
6	gold32	9.8	VCL, LOX, HSPD1, DMD, IKBKB, CTSB
7	glycogen32 18	10.7	S100A1, TNNT2, FBXO32, THBD, PIK3C2A, CKM
8	leucine32	9.6	OTC, SERPINA7, MYOD1, BGN, CHKB, LAP3
9	polyacrylamide32	9.4	DCN, CHKB, SERPINA7, CHKA, MLXIPL, HSPD1
10	h2o232	9.3	SGCB, MT-CYB, LAP3, MIP, MB, IKBKB
11	fatty acid32	9.3	PIK3C2A, PLA2G6, NPPB, TNNT2, OTC, GK
12	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	13.3	VCL, NPPB, SERPINA7, NR0B1, AR, CDKN1A
13	isoproterenol32 9 9	11.1	ADA, NPPA, PLA2G6, AR, CAV3, DMD
14	glycerol32 9 18 9	12.1	GK, DMD, PIK3C2A, MB, AQP4, MIP
15	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	12.0	ADA, SLC18A3, PVALB, NPPB, PLA2G6, MYOD1
16	ascorbic acid32 18	10.0	CHKB, CHKA, SGCB, AR, HSPG2, NOS1
17	aspartate32	9.0	PVALB, THBD, OTC, HSPD1, F2, MB
18	phospholipid32	8.8	HSPG2, CHKB, F2, MT-CYB, S100A1, MIP
19	thyroxine32 18	9.6	PIK3C2A, SERPINA7, CHKA, CHKB, FGF2, NPPB
20	pge232	8.4	NPPB, DCN, NOS1, PLA2G6, SGCB, AR
21	heparin32 9 18 9	11.4	PIK3C2A, DCN, CHKB, LAMA1, LAMC1, TIMP2
22	alginate32	8.3	TIMP1, SPP1, IGF1, MB, FGF2, DCN
23	aprotinin32 9 9	10.3	NPPB, THBD, TIMP2, CTSB, F2, MB
24	cysteine32	8.2	AQP4, MB, LOX, CAPN2, CTSH, CTSB
25	glutamate32	8.2	CKM, CHKA, LAP3, AZU1, MMP2, MIP
26	oxygen32 18	9.1	CD59, MIP, CHKA, MB, IKBKB, PIK3C2A
27	adenylate32	8.0	MB, AR, CHKB, CHKA, CKM, SGCB
28	calcium32 9 18 9	11.0	LAP3, S100A1, P2RX4, AZU1, CD59, MMP2
29	n acetylcysteine32	7.7	TIMP1, MMP2, AR, IKBKB, LOX, SGCB
30	atp32	7.7	HSPG2, HSPD1, GK, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, MYOD1
31	aspirin32 34 18	9.5	IKBKB, CHKB, F2, SERPINA7, THBD, NPPB
32	zinc32 18	8.5	MMP2, IKBKB, CAPN2, HLA-B, CTSB, DMD
33	testosterone32 9 18 9	10.5	PIK3C2A, MMP2, CHKB, CHKA, MYOD1, VCL
34	paraffin32	7.3	FGF2, DCN, PVALB, THBD, TIMP2, TIMP1
35	lactate32	7.3	SPP1, OTC, TNNT2, TNNI3, HLA-B, CAPN2
36	cyclosporin a32 42	8.2	ADA, NPPB, NPPA, CHKB, PIK3C2A, CD59
37	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	10.1	CAV3, NPPA, NPPB, SLC18A3, GATM, DCN
38	cholesterol32 9 18 9	10.1	SERPINA7, DCN, DNM2, THBD, TIMP2, PIK3C2A
39	estrogen32	7.0	SERPINA7, MYOD1, CKB, CHKA, CHKB, SLC18A3
40	genistein32 9 18 9	10.0	FGF2, AR, MMP2, CDKN1A, CHKA, SGCB
41	lipid32	7.0	SPTB, SPP1, DMD, TRPC1, HLA-B, GK
42	cycloheximide32	6.8	TIMP2, TIMP1, NOS1, PLA2G6, CTSB, SPP1
43	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	10.7	THBD, TIMP1, NOS1, PLA2G6, NR0B1, CTSB
44	arginine32	6.5	DMD, HLA-DRB1, HLA-B, HLA-A, IGF1, MB
45	alanine32	6.4	PIK3C2A, SERPINA7, MYOD1, CKB, CHKA, CTSB
46	retinoic acid32 42 18	7.8	CDKN1A, SLC18A3, AZU1, MMP2, LAP3, LAMB1
47	vegf32	5.7	PIK3C2A, SGCB, VCL, MYOD1, CHKB, LAP3
48	creatinine32	5.3	TNNI3, HLA-B, GK, CAV3, HSPD1, F2
49	serine32	5.2	MT-CYB, SPTB, CTSH, CTSB, PLA2G6, KLK11
50	tyrosine32	5.0	DMD, PIK3C2A, SGCB, SERPINA7, VCL, MYOD1

Cellular components related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

(show all 15)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex	GO:016010	10.6	SNTB2, SNTB1, DAG1, DMD, CAV3, SGCB
2	costamere	GO:043034	10.4	DAG1, DMD, TRPC1, CMYA5, VCL
3	cytoskeleton	GO:005856	10.2	NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, SNTG2, DAG1, DMD
4	laminin-1 complex	GO:005606	10.1	LAMC1, LAMB1, LAMA1
5	sarcolemma	GO:042383	10.1	SGCB, SLMAP, NOS1, SNTB1, SNTA1, SNTG2
6	lysosomal lumen	GO:043202	10.0	DCN, GLB1, HSPG2, GPC1, SDC3, BGN
7	protein complex	GO:043234	9.7	SNTB2, SNTB1, SPTB, DMD, DTNA, TRPC1
8	basement membrane	GO:005604	9.6	TIMP2, TIMP1, DAG1, HSPG2, LAMC1, LAMB1
9	cell junction	GO:030054	9.6	ADA, DNM2, SNTB2, SNTB1, SNTA1, DTNBP1
10	Golgi lumen	GO:005796	9.6	DCN, HSPG2, F2, GPC1, SDC3, BGN
11	cell surface	GO:009986	9.6	ADA, PROM1, THBD, TIMP2, SPTB, DMD
12	cytosol	GO:005829	8.0	TNNT2, DTNBP1, DMD, SPTB, CTSH, PLA2G6
13	cytoplasm	GO:005737	7.4	NR0B1, SPTB, DAG1, DRP2, DTNBP1, DTNB
14	extracellular region	GO:005576	6.6	HSPG2, SPP1, KLK11, C1QC, C1QB, TIMP1
15	extracellular space	GO:005615	5.8	CTSB, CTSH, SPP1, DAG1, ACE, THBD

Biological processes related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

(show all 10)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	GO:055117	10.4	P2RX4, CAV3, NOS1
2	regulation of heart contraction	GO:008016	10.2	S100A1, HSPB7, CAV3, TNNT2
3	chondroitin sulfate metabolic process	GO:030204	10.2	DCN, HSPG2, GPC1, SDC3, BGN
4	glycosaminoglycan catabolic process	GO:006027	10.1	GLB1, HSPG2, GPC1, SDC3
5	creatine metabolic process	GO:006600	10.1	GATM, CKM, CKB
6	glycosaminoglycan metabolic process	GO:030203	10.0	DCN, GLB1, HSPG2, GPC1, SDC3, BGN
7	response to peptide hormone stimulus	GO:043434	9.9	GATM, NPPB, TIMP1, NR0B1, CTSB, DAG1
8	muscle organ development	GO:007517	9.8	SGCB, DMD, CAV3, IGF1, ITGA7, MSTN
9	extracellular matrix disassembly	GO:022617	9.5	TIMP2, TIMP1, MMP2, LAMC1
10	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	9.1	GLB1, GK, OTC, PLA2G6, DCN, ADA

Molecular functions related to duchenne muscular dystrophy according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	glycosphingolipid binding	GO:043208	10.1	LAMA1, LAMB1, LAMC1
2	actin binding	GO:003779	9.0	SNTA1, SNTB1, SNTB2, ACE, SYNPO2, SNTG2
3	receptor binding	GO:005102	8.0	NPPB, NPPA, HLA-B, HLA-A, F2, AR
4	protein binding	GO:005515	3.0	ADA, SNTB1, SNTA1, NR0B1, CTSB, CTSH