Generalized Anxiety Disorder malady

Disease Ontology: An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation.⁶

MalaCards: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, also known as generalized anxiety disease, is related to anxiety disorder and social phobia. An important gene associated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder is CCKBR (cholecystokinin B receptor), and among its related pathways are Amine ligand-binding receptors and Intracellular Calcium Signaling. The drugs clorazepate and chlordiazepoxide and the compounds nicotine and carbon-11 have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include monocytes, and related mouse phenotypes are integument and homeostasis/metabolism.

Wikipedia: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by excessive,...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

generalized anxiety disorder 6 32 43 generalized anxiety disease 8 anxiety generalized 32

widespread disease 43 anxiety disorders 43

Diseases related to generalized anxiety disorder by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 145)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	anxiety disorder	30.2	NPY, SLC6A2, SLC6A4, TSPO, MAOA, TPH1
2	social phobia	29.7	MAOA, HTR1A, SLC6A4, HTR3A
3	narcolepsy	28.4	MAOA, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH1
4	panic disorder	28.1	SLC6A4, CCKBR, HTR1A, HTR3A, TSPO
5	phobia	27.9	SLC6A4, HTR1A, MAOA, NPY, SLC6A2, HTR3A
6	agoraphobia	27.5	MAOA, HTR1A, SLC6A2, CCKBR
7	post-traumatic stress disorder	27.3	MAOA, NPY
8	substance abuse	26.4	HTR3A, MAOA, SLC6A2, HTR1A, SLC6A4
9	neurotic disorder	26.4	HTR1A, MAOA, HTR2A, SLC6A4, HTR3A
10	blindness	26.1	HTR3A, CCKBR, HTR1A, PLXNA2, TSPO, NPY
11	eating disorder	25.7	HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR1A, NPY, SLC6A4
12	cerebritis	25.2	MAOA, HTR2A, HTR2C, NPY, SLC6A4, TSPO
13	autism spectrum disorder	25.1	MAOA, NPY, SLC6A2, HTR2C, HTR2A, SLC6A4
14	obsessive-compulsive disorder	25.0	HTR2C, HTR3A, TPH1, TSPO, NPY, SLC6A2
15	alcoholism	24.7	HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, TPH1, HTR1A, CCKBR
16	parametritis	13.3	TSPO, HTR1A
17	dysthymic disorder	13.3	MAOA, HTR2A
18	novelty seeking personality	13.3	SLC6A2, MAOA
19	endogenous depression	13.2	HTR1A, MAOA
20	ocular hypotension	13.2	HTR2A, HTR1A
21	multiple chemical sensitivity	13.1	SLC6A4, CCKBR
22	melancholia	13.1	MAOA, SLC6A4
23	heart valve disease	13.0	HTR2A, HTR3A
24	bipolar disorder	13.0	HTR1A, SLC6A4
25	alcoholic psychosis	13.0	SLC6A4, HTR2A
26	motion sickness	13.0	HTR1A, HTR3A
27	memory impairment	13.0	TSPO, HTR1A, HTR2A
28	ocular hypertension	13.0	HTR2A, HTR1A
29	amnestic disorder	13.0	HTR1A, HTR3A
30	portal hypertension	12.9	HTR2A, MAOA
31	bulimia nervosa	12.9	SLC6A4, HTR3A
32	spinocerebellar ataxia type 3	12.9	HTR3A, TSPO, HTR1A
33	major affective disorder	12.9	HTR2A, TPH1, HTR3A
34	personality disorder	12.9	MAOA, TPH1, SLC6A4
35	dyskinesia of esophagus	12.9	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C
36	manic-depressive illness	12.9	TPH1, SLC6A4, MAOA
37	borderline personality disorder	12.9	SLC6A4, TPH1, MAOA
38	pathological gambling	12.9	MAOA, SLC6A4
39	neuroleptic malignant syndrome	12.8	HTR3A, HTR2A, HTR1A
40	postpartum depression	12.8	SLC6A4, HTR1A, MAOA
41	substance dependence	12.8	TPH1, MAOA, SLC6A4
42	prion disease	12.8	HTR3A, HTR1A, TSPO
43	myoclonus	12.8	HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR1A
44	nicotine dependence	12.8	TPH1, MAOA, SLC6A4
45	cognitive disease	12.8	HTR3A, HTR1A
46	antisocial personality disorder	12.8	HTR2A, SLC6A4, MAOA
47	conduct disorder	12.7	SLC6A4, TPH1, MAOA
48	sleep apnea	12.7	NPY, TSPO
49	ischemic heart disease	12.7	SLC6A2, TSPO, HTR3A
50	central nervous system disease	12.7	HTR2A, SLC6A2, SLC6A4

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS/NDF-RT:

^43 28 amobarbital, amobarbital na pwdr [va product], amobarbital sodium, bromodiphenhydramine, bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride, buspirone, buspirone hydrochloride, chlordiazepoxide, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, chlormezanone, chlorpromazine, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, clorazepate, clorazepate dipotassium, diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine citrate, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, doxepin, doxepin hydrochloride, halazepam, hydroxyzine, hydroxyzine hydrochloride, hydroxyzine pamoate, hypericum perforatum (st. john's wort), kava, kava extract, lorazepam, meprobamate, methotrimeprazine, midazolam, midazolam hydrochloride, nortriptyline, nortriptyline hydrochloride, oxazepam, prazepam, prochlorperazine, prochlorperazine edisylate, prochlorperazine maleate

MalaCards organs/tissues related to generalized anxiety disorder:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to generalized anxiety disorder:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	8.3	SLC6A2, TPH1, HTR3A, HTR2C, CCKBR, SLC6A4
2	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	7.0	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, NPY, TPH1, HTR3A, HTR2C
3	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	6.6	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, NPY, PLXNA2, TPH1, HTR3A
4	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	6.5	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, NPY, PLXNA2, HTR3A, HTR2C
5	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	5.3	MAOA, RGS2, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, NPY, PLXNA2

Articles related to generalized anxiety disorder:

(show all 18)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	NPY moderates the relation between hurricane exposure and generalized anxiety disorder in an epidemiologic sample of hurricane-expos ed adults. (20037921)	Amstadter A.B.... Gelernter J.	2010	NPY
2	Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active compara tor and placebo-controlled trial of a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 antagonist in generalized anxiety disorder. (20455246)	Coric V.... Stock E.G.	2010	PLXNA2
3	Effects of PRX-00023, a novel, selective serotonin 1A receptor agonist on measures of anxiety and depression in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (18344738)	Rickels K.... Reinhard J.F.	2008	HTR1A
4	RGS2 and generalized anxiety disorder in an epidemiologic sample of hurricane-exposed adults. (18833580)	Koenen K.C.... Gelernter J.	2008	RGS2
5	Duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. (19337457)	Norman T.R.... Olver J.S.	2008	SLC6A2
6	Short-term tolerability of a nonazapirone selective serotonin 1A agonist in adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a 28-day, open-label study. (18840371)	Mathew S.J.... Donahue S.	2008	HTR1A
7	Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder. (16856115)	Chessick C.A.... dos Santos Souza J.J.	2006	HTR1A
8	Serotonin transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (15722951)	You J.S.... Zhang H.G.	2005	TPH1, SLC6A4
9	SPECT imaging of serotonin transporter binding in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (15538601)	Maron E.... Shlik J.	2004	SLC6A4
10	Association of a MAOA gene variant with generalized anxiety disorder, but not with panic disorder or major depression. (12555227)	Tadic A.... Dahmen N.	2003	MAOA
11	Serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and serotonin transporter in blood peripheral lymphocytes of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (12188031)	Hernandez E.... Lima L.	2002	SLC6A4
12	Benzodiazepine-induced chemotaxis is impaired in monocytes from patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (10101731)	Sacerdote P.... Ferrarese C.	1999	TSPO
13	Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor messenger RNA is decreased in lymphocytes of generalized anxiety disorder patients. (9606532)	Rocca P.... Ravizza L.	1998	TSPO
14	Cerebral benzodiazepine receptor binding and distribution in generalized anxiety disorder: a fractal analysis. (9399689)	Tiihonen J.... Karhu J.	1997	TSPO
15	Efficacy trial of the 5-HT2 antagonist MDL 11,939 in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (7714223)	Sramek J.J.... Cutler N.R.	1995	HTR2A
16	A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a CCK-B receptor antagonist, CI-988, in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (8748432)	Adams J.B.... Pande A.C.	1995	CCKBR
17	Single-site findings in a study of the safety and efficacy of a CCKB receptor antagonist, CI-988, in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. (9160582)	Sramek J.J.... Cutler N.R.	1994-1995	CCKBR
18	A phase II multicenter dose-finding, efficacy and saf ety trial of ipsapirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. (7915845)	Cutler N.R.... Sramek J.J.	1994	HTR1A

Genes related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneCards:

(show all 13)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	CCKBR	cholecystokinin B receptor	11.0	Publications
2	TSPO	translocator protein (18kDa)	11.0	Publications
3	TPH1	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	11.0	Publications
4	SLC6A2	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2	11.0	Publications
5	HTR1A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
6	MAOA	monoamine oxidase A	11.0	Publications
7	HTR2A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
8	HTR3A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A, ionotropic	11.0
9	SLC6A4	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	11.0	Publications
10	HTR2C	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled	11.0
11	RGS2	regulator of G-protein signaling 2, 24kDa	11.0	Publications
12	PLXNA2	plexin A2	11.0	Publications
13	NPY	neuropeptide Y	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneDecks:

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Amine ligand-binding receptors38	9.0	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C
2	Intracellular Calcium Signaling36	8.9	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A
3	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	8.7	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1, SLC6A4
4	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	8.6	TSPO, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A, CCKBR

Compounds related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 218)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nicotine32 34 9 9	13.3	SLC6A2, CCKBR
2	carbon-1132	9.4	TSPO, MAOA, HTR1A, SLC6A4
3	p-chloroamphetamine32	9.4	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, HTR1A, MAOA
4	d amphetamine32	9.3	TSPO, MAOA, SLC6A4, SLC6A2
5	yohimbine32 9 9	11.3	NPY, CCKBR, HTR1A, HTR2C
6	MMDA9 9	10.3	MAOA, SLC6A2, HTR2A, SLC6A4
7	8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin32	9.2	HTR2A, HTR1A, SLC6A4, HTR3A
8	mesulergine32	9.2	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A
9	benzodiazepines32	9.2	CCKBR, HTR3A, TSPO, MAOA
10	1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane32	9.2	HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR2A, HTR1A
11	mdma32	9.2	SLC6A2, MAOA, HTR1A, TPH1, SLC6A4
12	3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine9 9	10.1	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, HTR2C, HTR2A
13	ritanserin32	9.1	HTR2C, HTR1A, HTR3A, HTR2A
14	5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid32 18	10.0	SLC6A4, SLC6A2, TPH1, HTR3A, MAOA
15	5-carboxamidotryptamine32	9.0	HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR3A, HTR1A
16	5-hydroxytryptophan32	9.0	HTR1A, SLC6A4, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH1
17	sertraline32 34 9 18 9	13.0	SLC6A4, HTR3A, MAOA, HTR1A, SLC6A2
18	ipsapirone32	9.0	HTR3A, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A
19	venlafaxine32 34 9 18 9	13.0	SLC6A2, HTR3A, HTR1A, HTR2A, SLC6A4
20	pindolol32 9 9	11.0	HTR1A, SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR2A
21	minaprine32 9 9	11.0	MAOA, HTR2A, HTR2C, SLC6A4
22	metergoline32	9.0	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A
23	methysergide32 9 9	10.9	HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR1A, MAOA, HTR2A
24	doxepin32 34 9 9	11.8	HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A, SLC6A2, SLC6A4
25	m-chlorophenylpiperazine32	8.8	HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR2A, SLC6A4, HTR1A
26	mcpp32	8.8	SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR2A, HTR1A, HTR2C
27	ketanserin32	8.8	SLC6A4, HTR3A, HTR1A, HTR2C, HTR2A
28	amphetamine32 9 9	10.7	TPH1, MAOA, CCKBR, NPY, SLC6A4, SLC6A2
29	amitriptyline32 34 42 9 9	12.7	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3A, SLC6A2, SLC6A4
30	imipramine32 34 9 18 9	12.6	HTR1A, HTR3A, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, MAOA, HTR2A
31	risperidone32 34 9 18 9	12.6	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, SLC6A4
32	desipramine32 34 9 9	11.6	HTR1A, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, HTR2A, MAOA
33	nefazodone34 32 9 9	11.5	SLC6A2, HTR3A, HTR2C, HTR1A, HTR2A, SLC6A4
34	amine32	8.4	HTR3A, HTR2C, TPH1, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, MAOA
35	paroxetine32 34 9 9	11.4	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH1, SLC6A2
36	maoa32	8.3	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, TPH1, SLC6A2
37	methamphetamine32 9 9	10.3	MAOA, SLC6A2, NPY, TPH1, SLC6A4
38	mianserin32 9 9	10.2	HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A, MAOA, HTR3A, SLC6A2
39	fluvoxamine32 34 9 9	11.2	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3A, TPH1, TSPO
40	fenfluramine32 9 9	10.0	HTR2A, NPY, SLC6A4, TPH1, HTR3A, HTR1A
41	haloperidol32 34 9 9	11.0	HTR2A, HTR3A, TSPO, NPY, SLC6A2, SLC6A4
42	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	11.0	NPY, TSPO, HTR2C, CCKBR, HTR1A, TPH1
43	clomipramine32 34 9 9	10.9	SLC6A2, MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, TSPO
44	fluoxetine32 34 9 9	10.9	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, TPH1
45	citalopram32 34 9 18 9	11.9	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, TPH1
46	nmda32 42	8.8	SLC6A4, NPY, TSPO, HTR2C, HTR1A, CCKBR
47	gaba32 42	8.8	TSPO, SLC6A2, MAOA, HTR2C, NPY, TPH1
48	5-hydroxytryptamine32	7.1	TPH1, TSPO, NPY, SLC6A2, SLC6A4, HTR3A
49	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	10.1	MAOA, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, TPH1, TSPO
50	dopamine32 9 18 9	9.8	SLC6A2, MAOA, CCKBR, HTR1A, HTR2A, TPH1

Cellular components related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	integral to plasma membrane	GO:005887	7.2	CCKBR, SLC6A4, SLC6A2, PLXNA2, HTR3A, HTR2A
2	plasma membrane	GO:005886	7.0	SLC6A2, PLXNA2, HTR3A, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A

Biological processes related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneDecks:

(show all 8)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:070371	9.4	CCKBR, HTR2A, HTR2C
2	monoamine transport	GO:015844	9.4	SLC6A2, SLC6A4
3	behavior	GO:007610	9.4	NPY, HTR1A, MAOA
4	serotonin receptor signaling pathway	GO:007210	9.3	HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A
5	digestion	GO:007586	9.2	NPY, HTR3A, CCKBR
6	feeding behavior	GO:007631	9.2	CCKBR, HTR2C, NPY
7	response to drug	GO:042493	8.9	HTR2A, HTR2C, TSPO, SLC6A4
8	synaptic transmission	GO:007268	8.2	SLC6A2, NPY, HTR3A, HTR2C, HTR2A, MAOA

Molecular functions related to generalized anxiety disorder according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding	GO:071886	9.5	HTR2A, HTR2C
2	monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	GO:008504	9.4	SLC6A2, SLC6A4
3	phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	GO:004435	9.3	HTR2C, HTR2A, CCKBR
4	drug binding	GO:008144	9.3	HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C
5	serotonin receptor activity	GO:004993	8.9	HTR3A, HTR2C, HTR2A, HTR1A
6	serotonin binding	GO:051378	8.6	MAOA, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A