Gigantism malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Gigantism is abnormally large growth due to an excess of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, before the bone growth plates have closed (epiphyseal fusion). It causes excessive growth in height, muscles, and organs, making the child extremely large for age. Other symptoms may include delayed puberty; double vision or difficulty with side (peripheral) vision; prominent forehead (frontal bossing) and a prominent jaw; headache; increased sweating (hyperhidrosis); irregular periods; large hands and feet with thick fingers and toes; thickening of the facial features; and weakness. It may begin at any age before epiphyseal fusion. The most common cause is a non-cancerous (benign) tumor of the pituitary gland, which may cause it to make too much GH, but it can be caused by other underlying conditions (which may cause a pituitary tumor) including Carney complex; McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS); Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1); and Neurofibromatosis. Treatment typically includes surgery to remove the tumor and can cure many cases. Medication or radiation therapy may be used to reduce GH release or block the effect of GH. If the condition occurs after normal bone growth has stopped (in adulthood), it is referred to as acromegaly.³⁰

MalaCards: Gigantism is related to sotos syndrome and beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. An important gene associated with Gigantism is GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone), and among its related pathways are Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases and Glioma Invasiveness. The compounds lanreotide and ghrp have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and embryogenesis.

Wikipedia: Gigantism, also known as giantism (from Greek γίγας gigas, \"giant\", plural γίγαντες...⁴⁴ more...

gigantism 30 32 43

Diseases related to gigantism by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 595)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	sotos syndrome	32.7	GPC3, IGF2, IGFBP3, SSTR4, NSD1
2	beckwith-wiedemann syndrome	30.2	CDKN1C, INS, GPC3, IGF2, SST, WT1
3	mccune albright syndrome	28.8	GNAS, GH1, PRL
4	growth disorders	28.5	IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, GHR, GHRH
5	simpson-golabi-behmel syndrome	28.3	GPC3, IGF2, OFD1
6	bernard-soulier syndrome	27.9	ITGB3, FGA, F2, F2R
7	hyperprolactinemia	27.5	INS, IL6, IGFBP3, IGF1, GNAS, GH1
8	multiple endocrine neoplasia	26.9	UBC, CDKN2B, CDKN2A, CDKN1C, INS, MEN1
9	diabetic ketoacidosis	26.4	BTD, INS, IL6, F5, ALB, SST
10	acromegaly	26.2	LPA, CD36, INS, MEN1, IL6, APOA1
11	pituitary adenoma	25.4	CD36, CDKN2B, CDKN2A, INS, MEN1, IL6
12	type 2 diabetes mellitus	25.1	LPA, LDLR, LCAT, INS, IL6, APOA1
13	adenoma	22.5	VDR, LDLR, UBE2D3, UBC, MPO, CD36
14	diabetes mellitus	19.9	SH2B3, BTD, LPA, VDR, LDLR, LCAT
15	cerebritis	18.7	BTD, LPA, LDLR, UBC, LCAT, CENPJ
16	neuronitis	17.2	ZNF259, WDR12, CNNM2, PCSK9, BTD, VDR
17	pseudohypoparathyroidism type ia	14.2	IGF1, GNAS, GH1, PRL
18	wermer syndrome	14.1	MEN1, GNAS, AIP, PYGM, SST, PRL
19	isolated growth hormone deficiency	14.1	IGF1, GH1, GHRH, GHRHR, POU1F1
20	pituitary hypoplasia	14.1	GH1, GHRH, GHRHR, PRL, POU1F1
21	thyrotropin deficiency, isolated	14.1	IGF1, GH1, PRL, POU1F1
22	fetal adenoma	14.1	GH1, GHRH, SSTR2, PRL
23	pituitary gland disease	14.1	IGF1, GH1, PRL
24	cerebellar hypoplasia	14.1	MEN1, GNAS, GH1, GHRH, GHRHR, PTTG1
25	vipoma	14.1	MEN1, GH1, GHRH, SST
26	somatostatinoma	14.1	MEN1, GIP, GHRH, SST, SSTR2
27	familial male-limited precocious puberty	14.0	IGFBP3, IGF1, GNAS, GH1, GHR, PRL
28	prolactin producing pituitary tumor	14.0	AIP, SST, PRL
29	thyroid hormone resistance syndrome	14.0	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, GHR, PRL, POU1F1
30	pseudohypoparathyroidism	14.0	IGF1, GNAS, GH1, GHRH, PRL, ADCY10
31	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	14.0	MEN1, IGF1, GNAS, GH1, GHR, GHRHR
32	adrenal gland hyperfunction	14.0	GH1, GHR, GHRH, SST, PRL
33	somatotrophinoma	14.0	CDKN2A, MEN1, IGF1, GNAS, GH1, GHRH
34	hormone producing pituitary cancer	14.0	IGF1, AIP, SST
35	pituitary-dependent cushing's disease	14.0	GH1, SST, PRL
36	carney complex	14.0	MEN1, GNAS, F13A1, GH1, AIP, PRL
37	delayed puberty	14.0	IGF1, GH1, CYP17A1, PRL, POU1F1
38	pituitary carcinoma	14.0	GHRH, SST, SSTR2, PRL
39	functioning pituitary adenoma	14.0	IGF1, GNAS, GH1, GHR, HMGA2, SST
40	laron dwarfism	13.9	IGF1, GH1, GHR
41	teratoma	13.9	CDKN2A, GPC3, GIP, GH1, SST, PRL
42	insulin-like growth factor 1 resistance to	13.9	IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
43	insulin-like growth factor i deficiency	13.9	IGF1, GH1, GHR, STAT5B
44	idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis	13.9	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
45	petrositis	13.8	IGF1, GH1, PRL, NPPA
46	diffuse mesangial sclerosis	13.8	WT1, NPHS1, NPHS2
47	carcinoid tumors	13.8	CD44, MEN1, IGF1, GNAS, GH1, SST
48	nelson syndrome	13.8	PTTG1, SST, PRL
49	carcinoid syndrome	13.8	MEN1, IGF1, GHRH, SST
50	silver-russell syndrome	13.8	CDKN1C, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, H19

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to gigantism:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to gigantism:

²⁵ (show all 26)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.0	CDKN1C, MEN1, GNAS, GHR, GHRH, HMGA2
2	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	9.5	H19, BIRC6, UBE2L3, UBC, MEN1, F2
3	other phenotype	MP:0005395	9.1	ABCB1, COL4A2, COL4A1, APOA4, ITGB3, CDKN2A
4	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	9.0	SSTR4, OFD1, MIA3, F13A1, ITGB3, INPP5D
5	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	9.0	POU1F1, NPR1, NPR3, NEIL1, C3, ADCY10
6	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	8.7	SOCS2, IGFBP3, APOC3, IL6, GH1, INS
7	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	8.6	H19, C3, NEIL1, NPR3, NPPA, NPHS2
8	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	8.6	INPP5D, STAT6, POU1F1, NPR3, TCF21, HCLS1
9	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	8.5	GNAS, MYO1E, ZC3HC1, LDLR, CD44, F2R
10	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	8.5	F2R, IGF2, GPC3, INPP5D, MIA3, CD44
11	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	8.4	FGA, INS, CD36, LCAT, BIRC6, PCSK9
12	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	8.1	BTD, BIRC6, LDLR, CDKN2B, CD44, ITGB3
13	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	7.9	IL6, IGF1, F2R, IL12B, MEN1, INPP5D
14	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	7.6	F2, INPP5D, MEN1, IL6, APOA1, APOA4
15	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	7.4	PPAP2B, SMARCA4, PRL, CXCL12, POU1F1, NPHS1
16	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	7.3	ITGB3, CDKN1C, CDKN2A, VDR, SPARC, EXT2
17	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	7.2	INS, APOA5, APOC3, ANKS1A, IGF1, ITGB3
18	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	7.1	CD44, SORT1, H19, C3, NPR3, INS
19	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	6.3	GHRHR, SRR, SPARC, RPL24, STAT5B, ABCB1
20	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.3	SMARCA4, IGF2, H19, IGF1, IGFBP3, IL6
21	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	6.2	VDR, APOA4, IL6, INPP5D, IL12B, CD36
22	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	6.2	BTD, VDR, BIRC6, F2R, GNAS, EXT1
23	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	5.0	ZNF259, VDR, MYO1E, INPP5D, FGA, MEN1
24	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	4.1	PTTG1, OFD1, SH2B3, LDLR, ZC3HC1, BIRC6
25	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	4.0	GNAS, TCF21, CXCL12, NPHS2, NPPA, NPPB
26	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	2.5	WT1, NPPA, NPR1, NPR3, PEMT, NEIL1

Articles related to gigantism:

(show all 30)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Treatment of pituitary gigantism with the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant. (18492755)	Goldenberg N.... Barkan A.	2008	IGF1, GHR, SST
2	Case study of a 15-year-old boy with McCune-Albright syndrome combined with pituitary gigantism: effect of octreotide-long acting re lease (LAR) and cabergoline therapy. (18445999)	Tajima T.... Fujieda K.	2008	GNAS, PRL
3	New mutation in the non-gigantic exon of SACS in Japanese siblings. (17290461)	Takado Y.... Nishizawa M.	2007	SACS
4	Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with pituitary gigantism. (17629784)	Ali O.... Lee P.D.	2007	IGF1
5	Pegvisomant treatment in gigantism caused by a growth hormone-secreting giant pituitary adenoma. (17427111)	MA1ssig K.... Petersenn S.	2007	IGF1, GHR, SST
6	Sacsin-related ataxia (ARSACS): expanding the genotype upstream from the gigantic exon. (16606928)	Ouyang Y.... Nakano I.	2006	SACS
7	Pegvisomant therapy in pituitary gigantism: successful treatment in a 12-year-old girl. (16061823)	Rix M.... Brock-Jacobsen B.	2005	IGF1, SST, GH1
8	Familial gigantism caused by an NSD1 mutation. (16222665)	van Haelst M.M.... Scambler P.J.	2005	NSD1
9	Cardiac and metabolic effects of chronic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I excess in young adults with pituitary gigantism. (16125529)	Bondanelli M.... degli Uberti E.C.	2005	IGF1
10	Nrdp1-mediated degradation of the gigantic IAP, BRUCE, is a novel pathway for triggering apoptosis. (14765125)	Qiu X.B.... Goldberg A.L.	2004	UBE2L3, UBE2D3, UBC
11	Five-year follow-up of a 13-year-old boy with a pituitary adenoma causing gigantism--effect of octreotide therapy. (14739526)	Schoof E.... DAPtsch J.	2004	GNAS, PRL
12	Gigantism with low serum level of growth hormone: a case report (12528568)	Ran X.... Li X.	2001	IGF1
13	Gigantism in mice lacking suppressor of cytokine signalling-2. (10890450)	Metcalf D.... Alexander W.S.	2000	SOCS2
14	Gigantism due to growth hormone excess in a boy with optic glioma. (11012581)	Drimmie F.M.... Donaldson M.D.	2000	SST
15	Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary gigantism and galactorrhea in a 3.5 year old child. (11081147)	Flitsch J.... Saeger W.	2000	IGF1
16	Long-acting peptidomimergic control of gigantism caused by pituitary acidophilic stem cell adenoma. (10999842)	Maheshwari H.G.... Melmed S.	2000	SSTR2, IGF1, PRL
17	Apparent Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism) in a child with trisomy 20p11.2-p12.1 mosaicism. (10766982)	Faivre L.... Cormier-Daire V.	2000	SSTR4
18	Suppression of GH secretion in pituitary gigantism by continuous subcutaneous octreotide infusion in a pubertal boy. (10090543)	NAontAP-Salonen K.... Toppari J.	1999	SST
19	Pituitary gigantism causing diabetic ketoacidosis. (10614552)	Alvi N.S.... Kirk J.M.	1999	INS
20	Growth hormone isoforms in a girl with gigantism. (10392356)	Ng L.L.... Blethen S.L.	1999	GH1
21	Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 11q13 in two families with acromegaly/gigantism is independent of mutations of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type I gene. (9920092)	Gadelha M.R.... Frohman L.A.	1999	PYGM, GHRHR
22	The expression of a truncated HMGI-C gene induces gigantism associated with lipomatosis. (10519386)	Battista S.... Fusco A.	1999	HMGA2
23	Growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics in a case of acromegalic gigantism associated with hyperprolactinemia: nonpulsatile secretion of GH may induce elevated insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 levels. (8550769)	Yoshida T.... Tanaka T.	1996	IGF1, IGFBP3
24	Mammosomatotroph adenoma causing gigantism in an 8-year old boy: a possible pathogenetic mechanism. (7621575)	Dubuis J.M.... Collu R.	1995	PRL, SST, GH1
25	Gigantism and somatostatin neurons. (7760191)	Dalrymple A.M.	1995	SST
26	Acromegalic gigantism with low serum level of growth hormone and elevated serum insulin-like growth factor-I. (7787324)	Miyazaki R.... Sano T.	1995	IGF1
27	Congenital gigantism due to growth hormone-releasing hormone excess and pituitary hyperplasia with adenomatous transformation. (8421089)	Zimmerman D.... Frohman L.A.	1993	IGF1, PRL, GHRH
28	Constitutional relaxation of insulin-like growth factor II gene imprinting associated with Wilms' tumour and gigantism. (8298652)	Ogawa O.... Reeve A.E.	1993	IGF2
29	A child with pituitary gigantism and precocious adrenarche: does GH and/or PRL advance the onset of adrenarche? (1425451)	Iwatani N.... Seto H.	1992	PRL
30	Central neurocytoma presenting with gigantism: case r eport. (1509347)	Araki Y.... Yamada H.	1992	GHRH

Genes related to gigantism according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 127)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	GHRH	growth hormone releasing hormone	11.1	Publications, Summaries
2	SST	somatostatin	11.0	Publications
3	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	Publications
4	PRL	prolactin	11.0	Publications
5	IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)	11.0	Publications
6	AIP	aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein	11.0
7	H19	H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript (non-protein coding)	11.0
8	GPC3	glypican 3	11.0
9	GNAS	GNAS complex locus	11.0	Publications
10	IGFBP3	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	11.0	Publications
11	ATP5G1	ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit C1 (subunit 9)	10.9	Publications
12	STMN4	stathmin-like 4	10.9	Publications
13	RASD1	RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1	10.9	Publications
14	PSRC1	proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1	10.9	Publications
15	HHIPL1	HHIP-like 1	10.9	Publications
16	TCF21	transcription factor 21	10.9	Publications
17	SNF8	SNF8, ESCRT-II complex subunit, homolog (S. cerevisiae)	10.9	Publications
18	SSTR4	somatostatin receptor 4	10.9	Publications
19	SRR	serine racemase	10.9	Publications
20	RNF41	ring finger protein 41	10.9	Publications
21	NEIL1	nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli)	10.9	Publications
22	UBE2Z	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z	10.9	Publications
23	ZNF259	zinc finger protein 259	10.9	Publications
24	TMSB4X	thymosin beta 4, X-linked	10.9	Publications
25	SOCS2	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	10.9	Publications
26	WDR12	WD repeat domain 12	10.9	Publications
27	MRPS6	mitochondrial ribosomal protein S6	10.9	Publications
28	ASZ1	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	10.9	Publications
29	F2RL2	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2	10.9	Publications
30	MIA3	melanoma inhibitory activity family, member 3	10.9	Publications
31	GIP	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	10.9	Publications
32	OFD1	oral-facial-digital syndrome 1	10.9
33	GHRHR	growth hormone releasing hormone receptor	10.9	Publications
34	HCLS1	hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1	10.9	Publications
35	ADAMTS7	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 7	10.9	Publications
36	SH2B3	SH2B adaptor protein 3	10.9	Publications
37	PPAP2B	phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2B	10.9	Publications
38	APOC1	apolipoprotein C-I	10.9	Publications
39	POU1F1	POU class 1 homeobox 1	10.9	Publications
40	PTTG1	pituitary tumor-transforming 1	10.9	Publications
41	CENPJ	centromere protein J	10.9	Publications
42	NPHS2	nephrosis 2, idiopathic, steroid-resistant (podocin)	10.9	Publications
43	MRAS	muscle RAS oncogene homolog	10.9	Publications
44	PYGM	phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle	10.9	Publications
45	NPR1	natriuretic peptide receptor A/guanylate cyclase A (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor A)	10.9	Publications
46	SACS	spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (sacsin)	10.9	Publications
47	NPHS1	nephrosis 1, congenital, Finnish type (nephrin)	10.9	Publications
48	PLTP	phospholipid transfer protein	10.9	Publications
49	SSTR2	somatostatin receptor 2	10.9	Publications
50	NPR3	natriuretic peptide receptor C/guanylate cyclase C (atrionatriuretic peptide receptor C)	10.9	Publications

Pathways related to gigantism according to GeneDecks:

(show all 50)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases36	10.8	IGF1, ACTG1, PPAP2B, GHRH, GH1
2	Glioma Invasiveness36	10.6	CD44, MRAS, PPAP2B, F2R, GH1, GHRH
3	Jak-STAT signaling pathway20	10.6	PRL, STAT6, SOCS2, GH1, IL12B, GHR
4	PTEN Pathway36	10.5	MRAS, GHRH, PPAP2B, COL4A1, COL4A2, ACTG1
5	Paxillin Interactions36	10.5	GHRH, ITGB3, GH1, IGF1, MRAS, PPAP2B
6	Cell adhesion_Integrin inside-out signaling41	10.5	FGB, FGA, ITGB3, F2R, ACTG1
7	Growth Hormone Signaling36	10.4	STAT5B, IGF2, SOCS2, GH1, GHR, IGF1
8	Ras Pathway36	10.1	ACTG1, GHRH, IGF2, ITGB3, MRAS, CXCL12
9	Rac1 Pathway36	10.1	MRAS, CXCL12, PPAP2B, GHRH, GH1, IGF1
10	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis41	10.1	CDKN1C, IGF1, IL6, VDR, CYP24A1
11	Extrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway36	10.0	F13A1, F2, F5, F7, FGA, FGB
12	Cell adhesion_ECM remodeling41	10.0	SPARC, IGF1, CD44, IGF2, COL4A1, COL4A2
13	Cell adhesion ECM remodeling10	10.0	IGF2, IGF1, COL4A1, SPARC, CD44, COL4A2
14	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	10.0	SSTR2, GHRHR, GHR, GH1, F2R, F2
15	Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways37	10.0	COL4A1, F13A1, F2, F5, F7, FGB
16	Metalloproteases in connective tissue degradation10	10.0	COL4A2, FGB, COL4A1, ELN, FGA
17	eNOS Signaling36	9.9	GHRH, GH1, IGF2, ACTG1, PPAP2B, CXCL12
18	Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling10	9.9	ACTG1, CXCL12, F2R, F2, ITGB3, FGA
19	Intrinsic Prothrombin Activation Pathway36	9.8	FGA, COL4A2, COL4A1, F13A1, F2, F5
20	Statin Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	9.8	APOC3, ABCB1, PLTP, LDLR, APOC1, APOA5
21	Blood Coagulation Cascade36	9.8	COL4A2, COL4A1, F13A1, F5, F7, FGB
22	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	9.8	COL4A1, ITGB3, FGA, GNAS, F2R, F2
23	Epithelial Adherens Junctions36	9.8	CXCL12, PPAP2B, TCF21, IL6, MRAS, IGF2
24	PPAR signaling pathway20	9.7	CD36, APOA5, APOA1, APOC3, PLTP, UBC
25	PPAR Pathway36	9.7	IGF2, MRAS, IL6, IGF1, GH1, PPAP2B
26	Complement and coagulation cascades20	9.7	FGA, F7, C3, F13A1, F2R, F2
27	ERK5 Signaling36	9.7	IGF1, GH1, PPAP2B, CXCL12, IGF2, IL6
28	GPCR Pathway36	9.7	STAT5B, MRAS, IL6, IGF2, IGF1, GH1
29	TGF-Beta Pathway36	9.7	CXCL12, IL6, PPAP2B, IGF2, GH1, GHRH
30	Transcription Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis10	9.7	CDKN1C, CYP24A1, IGF1, IL6, VDR
31	Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts36	9.7	GHRH, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL6, PPAP2B
32	PAK Pathway36	9.7	IGF1, IL6, IL12B, GHRH, MRAS, MYO1E
33	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	9.6	IL6, GH1, IGF1, GHRH, PPAP2B, IGF2
34	Rap1 Pathway36	9.6	ITGB3, IGF2, CXCL12, PPAP2B, GHRH, GH1
35	Tec Kinases Signaling36	9.6	IGF1, ACTG1, CXCL12, PPAP2B, GHRH, STAT5B
36	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	9.5	PPAP2B, STAT6, STAT5B, CXCL12, IL6, CDKN2A
37	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	9.4	CXCL12, PPAP2B, GHRH, GH1, IGF1, IGF2
38	ERK Signaling36	9.4	COL4A1, CXCL12, COL4A2, MRAS, GHRH, IGF2
39	Selected targets of HNF110	9.4	LPA, INS, APOA1, ALB, F13A1
40	mTOR Pathway36	9.4	GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL6, INS, GHRH
41	Phospholipase-C Pathway36	9.4	CXCL12, IL6, IGF2, MRAS, IGF1, GH1
42	eIF2 Pathway36	9.3	CXCL12, PPAP2B, GHRH, MRAS, GH1, INS
43	MAPK Signaling36	9.3	MRAS, STAT6, ITGB3, IL6, IGF2, IGF1
44	ILK Signaling36	9.3	MYO1E, GHRH, ITGB3, IL6, IGF2, TCF21
45	NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway36	9.3	PPAP2B, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL6, UBC
46	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency36	9.2	IGF2, CXCL12, MRAS, GH1, PPAP2B, GHRH
47	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer36	9.2	CDKN2A, CXCL12, COL4A2, COL4A1, PPAP2B, CDKN2B
48	Rho Family GTPases36	9.1	ELN, CXCL12, IL6, ITGB3, IL12B, IGF2
49	p70S6K Signaling36	9.0	GH1, F2, IGF1, IGF2, IL6, INS
50	JAK-STAT Pathway36	8.7	GHR, GHRH, STAT6, GH1, F2RL2, F2

Compounds related to gigantism according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 210)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	lanreotide32	10.8	GHRH, IGF1, GH1, GHR, SST, SSTR2
2	ghrp32	10.8	GHRH, PRL, SST, GHRHR, GHR, GH1
3	hexarelin32	10.8	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, PRL, GHR, GHRH
4	bromocriptine32 9 9	12.7	ADCY10, POU1F1, SST, GHRH, GH1, PRL
5	glucose32	10.3	BTD, IGF2, F2RL2, GLA, GIP, GHRHR
6	pegvisomant32 9 9	12.2	IGFBP3, SST, IGF2, GHRH, IGF1, GHR
7	clonidine32 9 9	12.0	SST, ADCY10, PRL, ABCB1, GHRH, GHR
8	gnrh32	10.0	CYP17A1, GHRH, GHR, GH1, GNAS, IGF1
9	acipimox32	10.0	GH1, GHRH, SST, PLTP, IGF1, APOA1
10	ribonucleic acid32	9.9	CYP17A1, SSTR2, SSTR4, GNAS, CXCL12, POU1F1
11	dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine32	9.7	APOA4, APOC1, APOA1, LCAT, LDLR, LPA
12	pge232	9.7	ADCY10, NPPB, F2RL2, CYP24A1, GNAS, LDLR
13	octreotide32 42 9 9	12.6	MPO, INS, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GNAS
14	intralipid32	9.6	GH1, APOC3, APOA1, INS, LCAT, SST
15	levonorgestrel32 9 9	11.5	APOA1, F2, F2R, PRL, IGF2, IGFBP3
16	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	13.4	PRL, WT1, CDKN2A, C3, POU1F1, NPPB
17	acth32	9.4	CDKN1C, INS, IL6, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1
18	calcitriol32 42 9 18 9	13.3	SPARC, VDR, CD36, CD44, IGFBP3, GH1
19	fatty acid32	9.3	SPARC, GHR, TUBA1B, APOA5, INS, CDKN2A
20	forskolin32 42 9 9	11.8	ABCB1, ADCY10, IGF2, F2R, GNAS, GIP
21	glutamate32	8.7	IGFBP3, F2R, IGF2, GNAS, GLA, GHRH
22	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	11.6	APOA1, GHR, SSTR2, CYP17A1, GHRH, GH1
23	dextran sulfate32	8.5	ALB, F5, IGFBP3, IL6, CD44, CD36
24	thyroxine32 18	9.5	IGF1, LPA, VDR, LDLR, INS, SST
25	creatinine32	8.5	VDR, NPHS2, NPPB, C3, NPHS1, ST3GAL4
26	testosterone32 9 18 9	11.4	SMARCA4, WT1, ABCB1, ST3GAL4, SPARC, SST
27	hydrocortisone32 9 9	10.4	GH1, CD36, INS, IL6, IGF2, IGF1
28	steroid32	8.3	RASD1, CDKN2A, SPARC, CD2AP, CD44, TUBA1B
29	vitamin a32 9 18 9	11.3	VDR, APOA1, IGFBP3, ALB, GHR, CYP17A1
30	epinephrine32 9 18 9	11.2	PEMT, F2R, ADCY10, ABCB1, F2, F5
31	cycloheximide32	8.0	ADCY10, IGF2, VDR, IL6, IL12B, CD44
32	cysteine32	8.0	CYP17A1, LDLR, VDR, LPA, BTD, UBE2L3
33	heparin32 9 18 9	10.9	LPA, LCAT, CFH, MPO, CD36, FGA
34	arginine32	7.9	GHRH, GHRHR, PYGM, CYP17A1, SST, SMARCA4
35	fibrinogen32	7.8	LPA, CFH, ITGB3, INS, FGA, FGB
36	genistein32 9 18 9	10.8	SPARC, F2R, ADCY10, NPPB, GH1, CYP24A1
37	thymidine32 18	8.7	IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, F2R, GNAS, GIP
38	vitamin d32	7.6	VDR, ELN, POU1F1, NPPB, NPR1, WT1
39	actinomycin d32	7.5	CD44, IL6, CDKN2A, LDLR, IGF1, VDR
40	vegf32	7.2	MEN1, NPPA, NPPB, NPR3, NPHS1, CXCL12
41	retinoic acid32 42 18	9.1	H19, NPHS1, POU1F1, STAT5B, STAT6, ELN
42	lactate32	7.1	NPPB, IL6, FGA, F2RL2, INS, CD44
43	estrogen32	6.9	NPPB, NPPA, POU1F1, SOCS2, PRL, ST3GAL4
44	calcium32 9 18 9	9.7	PCSK9, LPA, MPO, CD36, CD44, ITGB3
45	alanine32	6.7	CFH, LCAT, LDLR, VDR, BTD, GH1
46	cholesterol32 9 18 9	9.6	IGFBP3, CFH, LCAT, LDLR, LPA, PCSK9
47	tyrosine32	6.3	STAT6, WT1, RNF41, COL4A1, SMARCA4, SPARC
48	lipid32	5.7	CYP17A1, CYP24A1, TRPC6, GHRH, GH1, GIP
49	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	9.7	GHRHR, TUBA1B, CYP24A1, CYP17A1, SST, SPARC
50	serine32	4.8	F2, C3, NPR1, F2R, GNAS, GLA

Cellular components related to gigantism according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chylomicron	GO:042627	10.4	APOA5, APOC1, APOA4, APOC3
2	very-low-density lipoprotein particle	GO:034361	10.2	APOC1, APOC3, APOA5, APOA4, APOA1
3	high-density lipoprotein particle	GO:034364	10.2	LCAT, APOA4, APOA5, APOC1, APOA1
4	slit diaphragm	GO:036057	10.1	TRPC6, NPHS1, NPHS2
5	platelet alpha granule lumen	GO:031093	9.7	TMSB4X, SPARC, F13A1, ALB, F5, IGF1
6	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:005788	9.0	F2, COL4A1, COL4A2, F7, GIP, APOA4
7	cell surface	GO:009986	9.0	APOA4, LDLR, CD44, CD36, GHRHR, PCSK9
8	extracellular space	GO:005615	6.5	C3, APOA1, IL6, IL12B, FGB, FGA
9	plasma membrane	GO:005886	6.2	ITGB3, C3, CD44, CD2AP, CD36, MRAS
10	extracellular region	GO:005576	5.9	HHIPL1, C3, NPPB, NPPA, CXCL12, PRL

Biological processes related to gigantism according to GeneDecks:

(show all 36)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:043568	10.9	IGF1, IGFBP3, GH1, GHRHR, GHRH
2	JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway	GO:060397	10.7	GH1, GHR, PRL, SOCS2, STAT5B
3	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040018	10.7	STAT5B, GHRH, GHR, GH1, GHRHR
4	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein	GO:042523	10.6	GHR, GH1, IGF1, IL12B
5	negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity	GO:051005	10.6	APOC3, SORT1, APOC1
6	phospholipid efflux	GO:033700	10.5	APOC3, APOA4, APOC1, APOA1
7	high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling	GO:034375	10.4	APOC1, APOC3, APOA1, LCAT, APOA4
8	triglyceride homeostasis	GO:070328	10.4	APOC3, GIP, APOA1, APOA5
9	growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	GO:060396	10.4	GH1, SOCS2, GHR
10	reverse cholesterol transport	GO:043691	10.4	APOA1, LCAT, APOC3, APOA4
11	cholesterol efflux	GO:033344	10.3	APOC3, APOC1, APOA4, APOA1
12	positive regulation of cholesterol esterification	GO:010873	10.3	APOA1, APOA4, APOC1
13	positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	GO:042104	10.3	IL12B, IGF2, STAT5B, IGF1
14	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:046427	10.3	PRL, GH1, F2R, IL6
15	regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040014	10.2	PRL, STAT5B, GHR, IGF1
16	cholesterol metabolic process	GO:008203	10.1	PCSK9, LDLR, LCAT, APOA1, APOA4, APOC1
17	cholesterol homeostasis	GO:042632	10.1	APOA1, APOC3, APOA4, LDLR, LCAT, PCSK9
18	negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:048662	10.1	NPR1, NPPB, IGFBP3, IL12B
19	positive regulation of blood coagulation	GO:030194	10.1	F2R, F2, F7, CD36
20	cholesterol transport	GO:030301	10.1	LDLR, CD36, APOA1, LCAT
21	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein	GO:042517	10.0	IL6, IL12B, GH1, GHR
22	response to calcium ion	GO:051592	9.9	VDR, FGA, FGB, NPPB, SPARC
23	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade	GO:014068	9.8	GH1, F2R, F2, IGF1, INS
24	negative regulation of cell growth	GO:030308	9.7	WT1, CDKN2A, PSRC1, SMARCA4, NPPA, NPPB
25	negative regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008285	9.6	F2R, VDR, CDKN2B, CDKN2A, MEN1, CDKN1C
26	lipoprotein metabolic process	GO:042157	9.6	LCAT, LPA, PCSK9, APOA4, APOA5, APOC1
27	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	GO:045893	9.5	SMARCA4, WT1, PSRC1, NSD1, POU1F1, GHRH
28	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:007186	9.4	SST, F2R, APOC3, APOA1, INS, RASD1
29	platelet degranulation	GO:002576	9.4	TMSB4X, F13A1, ALB, F5, CD36, APOA1
30	lipid metabolic process	GO:006629	9.4	PPAP2B, PEMT, PLTP, ALB, APOC1, APOA4
31	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	9.3	CD36, F2R, IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IL6
32	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	8.9	IGF1, PPAP2B, CD36, CD44, ITGB3, INS
33	platelet activation	GO:030168	8.4	F13A1, TRPC6, APOA1, F5, F2, F2R
34	signal transduction	GO:007165	8.3	FGA, ASZ1, CD2AP, RASD1, VDR, ZNF259
35	blood coagulation	GO:007596	7.9	F2R, ALB, GNAS, F13A1, TRPC6, TMSB4X
36	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	6.9	PEMT, ST3GAL4, ABCB1, LPA, CYP24A1, INPP5D

Molecular functions related to gigantism according to GeneDecks:

(show all 7)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	prolactin receptor binding	GO:005148	10.6	SOCS2, GH1, PRL
2	peptide hormone binding	GO:017046	10.3	NPR1, NPR3, GHRHR, GHR
3	phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity	GO:060228	9.9	APOA4, APOA1, APOC1
4	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:005159	9.7	INS, IGF2, IGF1, SOCS2
5	hormone activity	GO:005179	9.2	NPPA, INS, IGF2, IGF1, GIP, GH1
6	receptor binding	GO:005102	8.7	FGB, F7, F2, F2R, GLA, CXCL12
7	protein binding	GO:005515	3.5	INS, F2R, F2RL2, ALB, GLA, GH1