Homocysteine malady

Wikipedia: Homocysteine [IPA: ˌhəʊməʊˈsɪstiːn] is a non-protein amino acid. It is a homologue of the amino...⁴⁴ more...

MalaCards: Homocysteine is related to hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular disease. An important gene associated with Homocysteine is BHMT2 (betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2), and among its related pathways are Metabolic pathways and Lysine degradation. The compounds atp and cholesterol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, liver and kidney, and related mouse phenotypes are mortality/aging and homeostasis/metabolism.

homocysteine 7

Diseases related to homocysteine by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 893)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hyperhomocysteinemia	40.0	VWF, SELE, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, LPA
2	vascular disease	36.6	RETN, VWF, SELE, SELP, SERPINC1, SETD2
3	spina bifida	36.4	RFC1, PCMT1, NAT1, NAT2, BHMT, BHMT2
4	carcinoma	35.7	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, RFC1, NCF2, RELA, REN
5	homocystinuria	35.6	BTD, SERPINC1, BHMT, MUT, MTRR, MTHFR
6	type 2 diabetes mellitus	35.6	PIK3R1, COG2, RETN, VWF, GCK, GCG
7	thromboembolism	35.4	VWF, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, SERPINA3, MTHFR
8	atherosclerosis	35.3	PIK3C2A, COG2, NCF1, NCF2, REN, RETN
9	venous thrombosis	34.8	VWF, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, MTHFR, MTR
10	homocysteine plasma level	34.2	RFC1, SERPINC1, MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, F5
11	neural tube defect	34.1	NAT1, BCHE, MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1
12	thrombosis	33.9	PIK3C2A, COG2, RFC1, REN, RETN, VWF
13	parkinson's disease	33.7	SERPINA3, NAT2, BCHE, CHRNA7, MTR, INSR
14	leukemia	33.2	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, RFC1, NCF2, RELA
15	coronary heart disease	33.2	PIK3C2A, COG2, RETN, VWF, GCG, SELE
16	prostatitis	32.9	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, RFC1, RELA, RETN, VWF
17	alcoholism	32.7	GSR, IL1RN, MAPT, CCK, GPT, HNMT
18	myocardial infarction	32.5	PIK3C2A, COG2, REN, RETN, VWF, GCG
19	congenital heart defect	32.5	RFC1, BHMT, MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1
20	arthritis	32.3	RFC1, NCF1, NCF1C, RELA, RETN, VWF
21	hypertension	32.2	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, RFC1, NCF1C, REN
22	malaria	32.1	RFC1, REN, VWF, PCNA, PCMT1, GCK
23	neuronitis	32.0	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, NCF2, RELA, REN, RETN
24	alzheimer's disease	31.8	PIK3R1, COG2, RFC1, NCF2, REN, PCMT1
25	diabetes mellitus	31.5	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, REN, RETN, VWF
26	pancreatitis	31.3	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, NCF2, RELA, REN, RETN
27	cerebrovascular disease	31.3	COG2, REN, RETN, VWF, SELE, SELP
28	behcet's disease	31.3	SELE, NAT2, IL18, IL2RA, IL8, APOH
29	cholesterol	31.3	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, NCF2, RELA, REN
30	essential hypertension	31.1	COG2, REN, RETN, VWF, GCK, SELE
31	placental abruption	31.0	RFC1, SERPINC1, BHMT, MTRR, MTHFR, MTHFD1
32	polycystic ovary syndrome	31.0	LEP, IRS1, INS, INSR, IGF2, IGFBP3
33	dementia	30.9	PIK3C2A, VWF, PCNA, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1
34	hepatitis	30.9	SELP, XDH, MGAT5, GSR, GPT, IFNA1
35	cerebritis	30.9	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, NCF1, RELA, REN
36	orofacial cleft	30.7	NAT1, NAT2, BHMT, BHMT2, CHDH, MTRR
37	pre-eclampsia	30.6	REN, RETN, VWF, SELE, SELP, SERPINC1
38	schizophrenia	30.6	PIK3R1, PCNA, PCMT1, SELE, SETD2, SERPINA3
39	homocysteinemia	30.5	MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, FBN1, F5, CBS
40	ischemic heart disease	30.5	PIK3C2A, COG2, RETN, SELP, SETD2, SERPINE1
41	hypothyroidism	30.5	RETN, LPA, LEP, CETP, APOB, IGFBP3
42	arterial occlusive disease	30.4	VWF, SELE, SELP, VCAM1, MTHFR, CCL2
43	retinal vein occlusion	30.4	VWF, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, VEGFA, LEP, MTHFR
44	down syndrome	30.3	RFC1, PCMT1, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, SERPINA3, VEGFA
45	systemic lupus erythematosus	30.3	VWF, SELE, NAT2, VCAM1, CLU, CD40LG
46	insulin resistance	30.2	PIK3R1, COG2, RELA, REN, RETN, VWF
47	inflammatory bowel disease	30.2	RETN, GCG, SELE, SELP, SERPINA3, NAGLU
48	acute myocardial infarction	30.2	PIK3C2A, COG2, REN, RETN, VWF, GCG
49	sepsis	30.1	RETN, SELE, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, LBP
50	arteriosclerosis	29.6	COG2, SELE, SELP, SERPINE1, LPA, VCAM1

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to homocysteine:

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to homocysteine:

²⁵ (show all 26)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	15.6	PIK3C2A, NCF1C, RELA, REN, VWF, PCMT1
2	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	15.2	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, NCF1C, RELA, REN, RETN
3	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	13.3	SETDB1, SERPINC1, SETD2, SETD8, NAT1, VHL
4	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	13.1	PCNA, PCMT1, VHL, BIRC2, BIRC3, ATF4
5	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	12.5	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, NCF1C, RELA, REN, PCMT1
6	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	12.1	NCF1C, REN, VWF, PCMT1, SELP, SETD7
7	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	11.8	NCF1C, PCMT1, SELP, KCNK3, CHRNA7, MUT
8	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	11.4	REN, GCK, BTD, SELP, NAGLU, VHL
9	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	11.1	PIK3R1, NCF1C, RELA, REN, VWF, SELE
10	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	10.9	PIK3R1, NCF1C, RELA, VWF, PCNA, PCMT1
11	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	10.9	NCF1C, RETN, GCK, SERPINC1, VHL, VEGFA
12	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.7	NCF1C, KCNK3, LDLR, XDH, ATF3, CD40LG
13	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	10.6	NCF1C, RELA, REN, VWF, SELP, SERPINC1
14	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	10.4	PIK3R1, RELA, REN, SETDB1, SELE, SETD8
15	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	10.3	NCF1C, RELA, BTD, SELP, VHL, BLMH
16	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	10.3	VWF, GCG, VHL, VEGFA, LEP, MUT
17	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	10.3	NCF1C, REN, PCMT1, BTD, SELE, SELP
18	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	9.9	RELA, VHL, VEGFA, BLMH, LEP, MTHFR
19	other phenotype	MP:0005395	9.7	CLU, LDLR, CD40LG, ITGB3, IL2, FBN1
20	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.5	PIK3R1, PCNA, VEGFA, VCAM1, KCNK3, LDLR
21	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	9.3	REN, NAT1, VHL, VEGFA, BCHE, LEP
22	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	9.3	RELA, BTD, SELE, SELP, SERPINC1, NAGLU
23	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	8.8	PIK3R1, SERPINE1, VHL, BHMT, LEP, MTHFS
24	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	8.5	NCF1C, RELA, PCMT1, NAGLU, VHL, VEGFA
25	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	8.1	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, RETN, SERPINE1, LEP, LDLR
26	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	7.8	PIK3R1, NCF1C, RELA, REN, PCMT1, BTD

Articles related to homocysteine:

(show top 50)    (show all 1272)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	The allele frequencies of three polymorphisms in gene s involved in homocysteine metabolism in a group of unrelated healthy Singapore ans. (21045271)	Chen C.... Gan Y.Y.	2010	MTR, MTHFR
2	Plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk in heart failure with and without cardiorenal syndrome. (19181408)	Maurer M.... Hess O.M.	2010	NPPB
3	Correlation between cystathionine beta synthase gene polymorphisms, plasma homocysteine and idiopathic mental retardation in Indian individuals from Kolkata. (19429038)	Dutta S.... Mukhopadhyay K.	2009	CBS
4	Polymorphism of genes encoding homocysteine metabolis m-related enzymes and risk for cardiovascular disease. (19917447)	Malinowska A.... Chmurzynska A.	2009	CBS, MTR, MTHFR
5	Levels of homocysteine and polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease (19267073)	Luo D.... Song Y.	2009	CBS, MTHFR
6	The 677 C/T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, and higher homocysteine levels. (18068006)	Ilhan N.... Ozbay Y.	2008	MTHFR
7	Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-2 is an S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase. (18230605)	Szegedi S.S.... Garrow T.A.	2008	BHMT, BHMT2
8	Cholestin (Monascus purpureus rice) inhibits homocysteine-induced reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear factor-kappaB activation, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells. (17906965)	Lin C.P.... Huang S.L.	2008	VCAM1
9	Homocysteine induces connective tissue growth factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. (17944991)	Liu X.... Chen H.	2008	CTGF
10	Effect of polymorphisms on key enzymes in homocysteine metabolism, on plasma homocysteine level and on coronary artery-disease risk in a Tunisian population. (18620331)	Belkahla R.... Bouslama A.	2008	CBS, MTR, MTHFR
11	Relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and homocysteine levels in women with recurrent pregnancy loss: a nutrigenetic perspective (18560705)	Cardona H.... Cadavid A.	2008	MTHFR
12	Effect of transgenic extrahepatic expression of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase on alcohol or homocysteine-induced fatty liver. (18498552)	Ji C.... Kaplowitz N.	2008	BHMT
13	Homocysteine, cysteine, and body composition in the H ordaland Homocysteine Study: does cysteine link amino acid and lipid metabolism ? (18779291)	Elshorbagy A.K.... Refsum H.	2008	CBS
14	Plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B 12 and the risk of hip fracture: the hordaland homocysteine study. (17295607)	Gjesdal C.G.... Tell G.S.	2007	MTHFR
15	Osmotic regulation of betaine homocysteine-S-methyltransferase expression in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. (17218476)	Schafer C.... Schliess F.	2007	BHMT
16	Effects of intervention therapy of methylcobalamin and folic acid on plasma homocysteine concentration and homocysteine thiolactonases/paraoxonase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (17425871)	GU W.J.... Pan C.Y.	2007	PON1
17	Relation between plasma homocysteine, gene polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related enzymes, and angiographically proven coronary artery disease. (17822659)	Laraqui A.... Benomar M.	2007	MTR, MTHFR, MTRR
18	The heritability of plasma homocysteine, and the influence of genetic variation in the homocysteine methylation pathway. (17636160)	Siva A.... Brown M.J.	2007	MTR, MTHFR, MTRR
19	Relations of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) polymorphisms to folate and homocysteine concentrations and to scores of cognition, anxiety, and depression in a homogeneous Norwegian population: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. (17684227)	Halsted C.H.... Tell G.S.	2007	FOLH1
20	The effect of MTHFR(C677T) genotype on plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy children is influenced by gender. (16234842)	Papoutsakis C.... Matalas A.L.	2006	MTHFR
21	Plasma total homocysteine level and bone mineral dens ity: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. (16401815)	Gjesdal C.G.... Tell G.S.	2006	MTHFR
22	G1793A polymorphisms in the methylene-tetrahydrofolate gene: effect of folic acid on homocysteine levels. (16865747)	Melo S.S.... Vannucchi H.	2006	MTHFR
23	S-alkylated homocysteine derivatives: new inhibitors of human betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase. (16789755)	Jiracek J.... Garrow T.A.	2006	BHMT
24	Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism? (17086380)	Pajares M.A.... Perez-Sala D.	2006	BHMT
25	Oral estradiol decreases plasma homocysteine, vitamin B6, and albumin in postmenopausal women but does not change the whole-body homocysteine remethylation and transmethylation flux. (15671107)	Smolders R.G.... van der Mooren M.J.	2005	ALB
26	Influence of hemodialysis membrane permeability on serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and homocysteine metabolites. (15077870)	Klemm A.... Stein G.	2004	ALB
27	Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine. (15520012)	Chen X.... Kruger W.D.	2004	CBS
28	Effect of raloxifene on activated protein C (APC) res istance in postmenopausal women and on APC resistance and homocysteine levels i n elderly men: two randomized placebo-controlled studies. (15613919)	Duschek E.J.... Netelenbos C.	2004	F5
29	Folate, homocysteine levels, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C --> T variant, and the risk of myocardial infarction in young women: effect of female hormones on homocysteine levels. (14717963)	Tanis B.C.... Rosendaal F.R.	2004	MTHFR
30	Serum total homocysteine levels and the prevalence of folic acid deficiency and C677T mutation at the MTHFR gene in an indigenous population of Amazonia: the relationship of homocysteine with other cardiovascular risk factors. (15002923)	Tavares E.F.... Franco L.J.	2004	MTHFR
31	Homocysteine thiolactone induces apoptosis in cultured human trophoblasts: a mechanism for homocysteine-mediated placental dysfunction? (15343238)	Kamudhamas A.... Nelson D.M.	2004	KRT18
32	In vitro effect of homocysteine on some parameters of oxidative stress in rat hippocampus. (12822833)	Streck E.L.... Wyse A.T.	2003	SOD1, CBS, CAT
33	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66A>G polymorphisms: association with serum homocysteine and angiographic coronary artery disease in the era of flour products fortified with folic acid. (12801615)	Brilakis E.S.... Rozen R.	2003	MTHFR, MTRR
34	Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study. (12796225)	Bjelland I.... Ueland P.M.	2003	MTHFR
35	Homocysteine-thiolactone and S-nitroso-homocysteine mediate incorporation of homocysteine into protein in humans. (14656026)	Jakubowski H.	2003	MARS, PON1
36	Hormone replacement therapy does not affect plasma homocysteine in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Free tissue factor pathway inhibitor antigen, a circulating anticoagulant, is related to plasma homocysteine. (12373040)	Os I.... Westheim A.	2002	SELE
37	Correlation analysis between plasma homocysteine level and polymorphism of homocysteine metabolism related enzymes in ischemic cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases (12015064)	Zhang G.... Dai C.	2002	CBS, MTR, MTHFR
38	Homocysteine is a protein amino acid in humans. Implications for homocysteine-linked disease. (12093791)	Jakubowski H.	2002	TF, ALB
39	Acute and convalescent changes in plasma homocysteine concentrations in acute coronary syndromes. (11250957)	Al-Obaidi M.K.... Noble M.I.	2001	CRP
40	Plasma folate, vitamin B(12), and total homocysteine and homozygosity for the C677T mutation of the 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. A case-control study. (11721146)	Postiglione A.... Di Minno G.	2001	MTHFR
41	Polymorphisms of key enzymes in homocysteine metabolism affect diet responsiveness of plasma homocysteine in healthy women. (11584084)	Silaste M.L.... Kesaniemi Y.A.	2001	CBS, MTR, MTHFR
42	Role of amniotic fluid homocysteine level and of fetal 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrafolate reductase genotype in the etiology of neural tube defects. (10602111)	Wenstrom K.D.... Tamura T.	2000	MTHFR
43	Evaluation of the Abbott IMx fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the bio-rad enzyme immunoassay for homocysteine: comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography. (10735363)	Donnelly J.G.... Pronovost C.	2000	AHCYL1
44	Polygenic influence on plasma homocysteine: association of two prevalent mutations, the 844ins68 of cystathionine beta-synthase and A(2756)G of methionine synthase, with lowered plasma homocysteine levels. (10704624)	Tsai M.Y.... Hanson N.Q.	2000	CBS, MTR, MTHFR
45	Relationship between total plasma homocysteine, polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism related enzymes, risk factors and coronary artery disease in the Australian hospital-based population. (10487496)	Wang X.L.... Wilcken D.E.	1999	CBS, MTR, SOD3
46	Plasma homocysteine levels related to interactions between folate status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase: a study in 52 healthy subjects. (9826223)	Zittoun J.... Tulliez M.	1998	MTHFR
47	Homocysteine-dependent alterations in mitochondrial gene expression, function and structure. Homocysteine and H2O2 act synergistically to enhance mitochondrial damage. (9804859)	Austin R.C.... Weitz J.I.	1998	MT-CO3
48	Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma total homocysteine and related metabolites in children with cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: t he effect of treatment. (9357926)	Surtees R.... Leonard J.	1997	CBS
49	Metabolism of homocysteine thiolactone in human cell cultures. Possible mechanism for pathological consequences of elevated homocysteine levels. (8999883)	Jakubowski H.	1997	MTR
50	Methionine synthase inactivation by nitrous oxide during methionine loading of normal human fibroblasts. Homocysteine remethylation as determinant of enzyme inactivation and homocysteine export. (8263793)	Christensen B.... Ueland P.M.	1993	MTR

Genes related to homocysteine according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 418)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	BHMT2	betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2	11.1	Summaries, Publications, Functions, Transcripts (show all 8 sections) Aliases & Descriptions, Domains & Families, Proteins, Orthologs
2	AHCYL1	adenosylhomocysteinase-like 1	11.1	Pathways & Interactions, Functions, Summaries, Publications (show all 7 sections) Aliases & Descriptions, Domains & Families, Orthologs
3	MTR	5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase	11.1	Publications, Domains & Families, Transcripts, Drugs & Compounds (show all 10 sections) Pathways & Interactions, Aliases & Descriptions, Functions, UniProt Related, Orthologs, Summaries
4	AHCYL2	adenosylhomocysteinase-like 2	11.1	Pathways & Interactions, Functions, Summaries, Domains & Families (show all 6 sections) Aliases & Descriptions, Orthologs
5	BHMT	betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase	11.1	Publications, Functions, Transcripts, Drugs & Compounds (show all 10 sections) Pathways & Interactions, Aliases & Descriptions, Domains & Families, Proteins, Orthologs, Summaries
6	AHCY	adenosylhomocysteinase	11.1	Pathways & Interactions, Functions, Orthologs, Publications (show all 8 sections) Drugs & Compounds, Aliases & Descriptions, Domains & Families, Summaries
7	HERPUD1	homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1	11.0	Transcripts, Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Aliases & Descriptions (show all 5 sections) Orthologs
8	MTHFR	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NAD(P)H)	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Pathways & Interactions, Functions (show all 5 sections) Summaries
9	MTRR	5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase	11.0	Publications, Transcripts, Drugs & Compounds, Aliases & Descriptions (show all 6 sections) Functions, Orthologs
10	CBS	cystathionine-beta-synthase	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Pathways & Interactions, Functions (show all 6 sections) Orthologs, Summaries
11	GNMT	glycine N-methyltransferase	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Functions, Summaries
12	PRMT6	protein arginine methyltransferase 6	11.0	Functions, Summaries
13	CARM1	coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1	11.0	Publications, Functions, Summaries
14	TPMT	thiopurine S-methyltransferase	11.0	Functions, Summaries
15	PNPO	pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase	11.0	Summaries
16	MTHFD1L	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like	11.0	Summaries
17	CTH	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Pathways & Interactions, Functions (show all 5 sections) Orthologs
18	TCN2	transcobalamin II	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, UniProt Related
19	NNMT	nicotinamide N-methyltransferase	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Functions
20	RFC1	replication factor C (activator 1) 1, 145kDa	11.0	Publications
21	F5	coagulation factor V (proaccelerin, labile factor)	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
22	SERPINC1	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1	11.0	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
23	DHFR	dihydrofolate reductase	11.0	Publications
24	EDN1	endothelin 1	11.0	Publications
25	MS	multiple sclerosis	10.9	Publications
26	HRES1	HTLV-1 related endogenous sequence	10.9	Publications
27	INMT	indolethylamine N-methyltransferase	10.9	Functions
28	MARS	methionyl-tRNA synthetase	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
29	BLMH	bleomycin hydrolase	10.9	Orthologs, Publications
30	TCN1	transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
31	ADPRH	ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
32	SLC46A1	solute carrier family 46 (folate transporter), member 1	10.9	Publications
33	COMTD1	catechol-O-methyltransferase domain containing 1	10.9	Drugs & Compounds
34	FTSJ2	FtsJ RNA methyltransferase homolog 2 (E. coli)	10.9	Functions
35	METTL1	methyltransferase like 1	10.9	Functions
36	NCF1C	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1C pseudogene	10.9	Publications
37	SAT2	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	10.9	Orthologs
38	AS3MT	arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase	10.9	Functions
39	CD320	CD320 molecule	10.9
40	FOLR2	folate receptor 2 (fetal)	10.9	Publications
41	METTL11B	methyltransferase like 11B	10.9	Functions
42	PHLDA1	pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1	10.9	Publications, Functions
43	SLC19A1	solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
44	COQ3	coenzyme Q3 homolog, methyltransferase (S. cerevisiae)	10.9	Functions
45	DDAH2	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
46	GAMT	guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Functions
47	ICMT	isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds, Functions
48	SOD3	superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
49	MTHFD1	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds
50	PON1	paraoxonase 1	10.9	Publications, Drugs & Compounds

Pathways related to homocysteine according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 192)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Metabolic pathways20	14.4	PIK3C2A, PC, GCK, BTD, NAGLU, NAT1
2	Lysine degradation20	12.4	SETDB1, SETMAR, SETD2, SETD1B, SETDB2, SETD8
3	Methotrexate Pathway (Cancer Cell), Pharmacodynamics34	12.3	MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1, MTHFS, ATIC
4	Methionine metabolism10	12.2	BHMT, BHMT2, MTR, MAT1A, MARS, CBS
5	Antimetabolite Pathway - Folate Cycle, Pharmacodynamics34	11.9	MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1, MTHFS, ATIC
6	Thiopurine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics34	11.9	MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1, MTHFS, GSTM1
7	Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways37	11.7	VWF, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, FGB, F9, F8
8	Methionine metabolism41	11.6	MAT1A, MARS, CTH, AHCYL1, AHCYL2, DNMT3B
9	Signal transduction_PTEN pathway41	10.6	PCNA, IRS1, CASP9, PXN
10	Akt Signaling36	10.5	PIK3R1, ATF4, ITGA2, IRS1, IL18, IL2
11	TNF Signaling36	10.5	BIRC2, BIRC3, ATF3, ATF4, ATF2, JUN
12	Adipocytokines & Insulin Signaling37	10.3	PIK3R1, RETN, LEP, FOS, FOSL2, IRS1
13	ILK Signaling36	10.1	PIK3R1, ATF4, ATF2, JUN, ITGB3, FOS
14	Development VEGF signaling and activation10	10.0	PIK3R1, RELA, SELE, VCAM1, JUN, FOS
15	Ceramide Pathway36	9.9	PIK3R1, ATF3, ATF4, ATF2, JUN, FOS
16	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway20	9.9	RELA, BIRC2, BIRC3, IL18, IL6, IL8
17	Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway36	9.9	PIK3R1, INSR, IL18, IL2, IL6, MAPK3
18	Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway10	9.9	RELA, SERPINE1, ATF2, JUN, FOS, FOSL2
19	Immune response_IL-1 signaling pathway41	9.9	RELA, SERPINE1, ATF2, JUN, FOS, FOSL2
20	RANK Signaling in Osteoclasts36	9.7	PIK3R1, BIRC2, BIRC3, JUN, FOS, MAPK8
21	Chemokine Signaling36	9.6	PIK3R1, JUN, FOS, IL8, MAPK8, MAPK3
22	Cellular Transformation by HTLV136	9.6	RELA, JUN, FOS, MAPK8, MAPK10, IFNG
23	Apoptosis and survival Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling10	9.6	RELA, VCAM1, BIRC2, JUN, IL2, IL8
24	Apoptosis and survival_Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling41	9.6	RELA, VCAM1, BIRC2, JUN, IL2, IL8
25	Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR210	9.5	RELA, JUN, FOS, MAPK8, MAPK3, MAPK14
26	Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR241	9.5	RELA, JUN, FOS, MAPK8, MAPK3, MAPK14
27	Signal transduction PTEN pathway10	9.4	PIK3R1, PCNA, JUN, FOXO3, IRS1, MAPK3
28	Osteoclast differentiation20	9.4	PIK3R1, NCF1, NCF2, RELA, JUN, ITGB3
29	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C36	9.4	NCF1, NCF2, ATF2, JUN, FOS, IL18
30	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer36	9.4	PIK3R1, BIRC2, BIRC3, JUN, ITGA2, FOS
31	ERK Signaling36	9.4	PIK3R1, ATF4, INSR, IL18, IL2, IL6
32	14-3-3 Induced Apoptosis36	9.3	PIK3R1, JUN, FOS, FOXO3, IL1R1, MAPK8
33	Development_VEGF signaling via VEGFR2 - generic cascades41	9.2	PIK3R1, RELA, VEGFA, JUN, ITGB3, FOS
34	Development_VEGF signaling and activation41	9.2	PIK3R1, RELA, SELE, VEGFA, VCAM1, JUN
35	MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells36	9.2	JUN, CD14, FOS, MIF, IL18, IL2
36	Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation10	9.1	RELA, VCAM1, JUN, FOS, MIF, IL2
37	Immune response_MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation41	9.1	RELA, VCAM1, JUN, FOS, MIF, IL2
38	TGF-Beta Pathway36	9.1	PIK3R1, ATF2, JUN, FOS, IL18, IL1R1
39	Renin-Angiotensin Pathway36	9.0	PIK3R1, REN, VCAM1, ATF2, JUN, FOS
40	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway20	9.0	PIK3R1, RELA, LBP, JUN, CD14, FOS
41	MAPK Family Pathway36	8.8	PIK3R1, ATF4, ATF2, JUN, IL18, IL1R1
42	Immune response MIF in innate immunity response10	8.8	RELA, LBP, JUN, CD14, MIF, IL6
43	Immune response_MIF in innate immunity response41	8.8	RELA, LBP, JUN, CD14, MIF, IL6
44	Influenza A20	8.8	PIK3R1, RELA, ATF2, JUN, IL18, IL6
45	Toxoplasmosis20	8.6	PIK3R1, RELA, BIRC2, BIRC3, LDLR, CD40LG
46	MAPK Signaling36	8.4	PIK3R1, ATF3, ATF4, ATF2, JUN, ITGA2
47	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)20	8.3	PIK3R1, RELA, SERPINE1, JUN, FOS, IL2
48	Pathways in cancer20	8.2	PIK3R1, RELA, VEGFA, BIRC2, BIRC3, JUN
49	JAK-STAT Pathway36	8.2	PIK3R1, JUN, FOS, INSR, IL18, IL1R1
50	Tec Kinases Signaling36	8.2	PIK3R1, ITGA2, ITGB3, FOS, INSR, IL18

Compounds related to homocysteine according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 561)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	atp32	14.1	PIK3C2A, RFC1, NCF2, PC, GCK, SETD2
2	cholesterol32 9 18 9	16.9	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, COG2, REN, RETN, VWF
3	calcium32 9 18 9	16.9	PIK3C2A, COG2, NCF2, RELA, REN, RETN
4	methionine32	13.6	VWF, SERPINA3, LPA, MUT, MTHFD1, CD14
5	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	16.5	COG2, NCF2, REN, RETN, GCK, SELE
6	hydrogen32 18	14.3	GCK, UCP3, MTR, ITGA2, MIF, IL18
7	cysteine32	12.9	PCNA, GCK, GCG, BTD, SELP, SERPINA3
8	vitamin b1232	12.6	VWF, PCNA, SERPINA3, LPA, BHMT, MUT
9	glucose32	12.4	PC, GCG, BTD, SETD2, VHL, BAIAP2L1
10	endotoxin32	11.9	RETN, LBP, SAA4, CD14, MIF, IL18
11	cobalamin32 18	12.8	MUT, MTRR, MTHFR, MTR, MTHFD1, CD320
12	aspartate32	11.6	PIK3R1, PIK3C2A, RETN, PC, PCNA, PCMT1
13	glutamine32	11.6	VWF, PC, PCNA, GCK, GCG, LDLR
14	nadph32 18	12.6	NCF1, NCF1C, PC, GCK, MTHFD1L, MGMT
15	p00332	11.5	COG2, RETN, SERPINE1, LEP, UCP3, MTRR
16	sodium dodecylsulfate32	11.3	VWF, SERPINE1, LPA, CETP, ITGA2, GSTP1
17	sodium32 18	12.3	PIK3C2A, REN, RETN, NAGLU, MGMT, CCL5
18	nitrate32	11.3	PIK3C2A, CD14, IL1R1, IL2RA, IDO1, TNFRSF1B
19	ionomycin32	11.3	SETD2, SERPINA3, FOS, MAPK3, CCL3, HSPA5
20	gemfibrozil32 9 9	13.3	PIK3C2A, COG2, LPA, LDLR, CETP, INS
21	kininogen32	11.2	REN, VWF, SELP, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, CLU
22	bezafibrate32 9 9	13.1	PIK3C2A, COG2, SERPINE1, LPA, LDLR, UCP3
23	fenofibrate32 9 9	13.0	PIK3C2A, COG2, RETN, SELE, SELP, SERPINE1
24	proline32	10.9	PIK3R1, NCF2, SETD2, VHL, LPA, CLU
25	tibolone32	10.9	SELE, SERPINC1, SERPINE1, LEP, APOA1, APOB
26	ascorbic acid32 18	11.9	PCNA, SETD2, NAT1, LDLR, CD36, CD40LG
27	carbachol32 9 9	12.8	GCG, GRM1, MAPK10, CCK, KRIT1, AHSP
28	polysulfone32	10.7	VWF, SELP, VCAM1, LBP, CD14, IL1R1
29	l-nmma32	10.7	VCAM1, XDH, INSR, IL1RN, CCK, CAT
30	ceramide32	10.6	PIK3R1, IRS1, ANXA5, MAPK3, MAPK14, MAPK10
31	agar32	10.5	PIK3R1, CEACAM5, CD40LG, IRS1, MAPK3, CCND1
32	rosiglitazone32 9 18 9	13.4	COG2, RETN, SELE, SERPINE1, LPA, VCAM1
33	melphalan32 9 9	12.4	PIK3C2A, MMP2, MGMT, GSTP1, MAPK3, IFNA1
34	acth32	10.3	PIK3C2A, REN, LEP, MIF, INS, IL1R1
35	apocynin32	10.2	NCF2, SELE, SETD2, VCAM1, XDH, JUN
36	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	13.2	PIK3C2A, REN, RETN, VWF, GCG, SELE
37	calcitriol32 42 9 18 9	14.2	REN, CLU, PAX5, LBP, ATF2, JUN
38	vitamin d32	10.2	SERPINE1, NAGLU, CLU, PAX5, LDLR, MTHFR
39	isoproterenol32 9 9	12.2	PIK3R1, GCG, INSR, APP, MAPT, MAPK3
40	estradiol32 9 18 9	13.1	REN, PCNA, SERPINE1, SERPINA3, CEACAM5, IL18
41	guanine32 9 18 9	12.9	VWF, GCG, SELE, SETD2, LDLR, MTHFR
42	mg 13232 42	10.7	PCNA, BIRC3, JUN, IRS1, IL8, ANXA5
43	progestin32	9.6	PIK3R1, SERPINC1, VEGFA, INSR, APOA1, CCND1
44	paraffin32	9.5	RELA, VWF, PCNA, SERPINA3, VEGFA, VCAM1
45	pentoxifylline32 9 9	11.4	SELP, NAGLU, VCAM1, CD14, MMP2, IL18
46	pd 98,05932	9.3	PIK3R1, GCG, SETD2, SERPINE1, VCAM1, LEP
47	lactacystin32	9.3	SELE, JUN, CDKN3, MMP9, IRS1, INSR
48	cytochalasin d32 42	10.1	VWF, SELE, VCAM1, LDLR, CD36, CDKN3
49	thymidine32 18	10.0	PIK3R1, PCNA, NAGLU, CLU, MTHFR, CEACAM5
50	diphenyleneiodonium32	8.3	NCF2, SETD2, VEGFA, VCAM1, XDH, JUN

Cellular components related to homocysteine according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytosol	GO:005829	13.5	CTGF, NDRG1, NDRG4, EIF2S1, ACP5, AHCY
2	cytoplasm	GO:005737	13.3	GPX1, APOE, TYMS, SMYD3, SMYD2, PPP2R4
3	nucleus	GO:005634	12.9	CASP9, CTH, NTMT1, PPIA, PPARG, PPP2R4
4	plasma membrane	GO:005886	12.7	F8, F9, MAPK10, ANXA2, NOTCH1, MAPT
5	chromosome	GO:005694	11.7	WHSC1, PRDM9, ASH1L, SETD7, EHMT1, SETD1A
6	mitochondrion	GO:005739	11.6	ELN, TYMS, TRMT2B, TF, PSEN1, PRDX1
7	extracellular space	GO:005615	11.5	CXCL12, TCN2, DPEP1, TGFB1, THBD, TIMP4
8	extracellular region	GO:005576	11.1	CCL5, F11, F13A1, HP, ESR2, GIP
9	caveola	GO:005901	10.3	ADRB2, SELE, IRS1, INSR, MAPK1, CAV1
10	platelet alpha granule lumen	GO:031093	10.1	VWF, SERPINE1, VEGFA, CLU, FGG, APP

Biological processes related to homocysteine according to GeneDecks:

(show all 45)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	14.7	NAGLU, MTHFR, UCP3, MUT, LDLR, BHMT
2	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:032496	11.6	SELE, SELP, LBP, JUN, MMP9, APOB
3	histone methylation	GO:016571	11.6	WHSC1L1, CARM1, PRMT7, PRMT2, NSD1, EHMT1
4	homocysteine metabolic process	GO:050667	11.5	CPS1, DPEP1, CBS, CCL5, MTR, MTHFR
5	folic acid metabolic process	GO:046655	11.5	SLC19A1, SLC46A1, SHMT1, FOLR1, MTHFD1, MTHFR
6	xenobiotic metabolic process	GO:006805	11.5	CYP19A1, OPLAH, AHCY, COMT, NNMT, NQO1
7	lipid metabolic process	GO:006629	11.3	APOC3, APOA2, APOA1, IL1RN, CETP, UCP3
8	methylation	GO:032259	11.3	TPMT, MTR, INMT, MAT1A, NNMT, COMT
9	lipoprotein metabolic process	GO:042157	11.3	CUBN, LPA, LDLR, CETP, APOA1, APOA2
10	response to nutrient	GO:007584	11.2	LTA, ADIPOQ, PPARG, RPS6KB1, VCAM1, UCP3
11	glutathione metabolic process	GO:006749	11.1	GGT2, GGT1, SOD1, DPEP1, CTH, GPX3
12	response to toxin	GO:009636	11.1	CPS1, PON1, RPS6KB1, SRF, NQO1, DRD2
13	anti-apoptosis	GO:006916	11.1	BIRC3, NOS3, NFKB1, NFKBIA, PSEN1, PRDX2
14	response to organic cyclic compound	GO:014070	11.1	NPPB, NCF2, NOS3, GPX3, JUN, CCND1
15	S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process	GO:046498	11.1	GAMT, PEMT, PCMT1, GNMT, DNMT3B, ICMT
16	DNA methylation	GO:006306	11.0	FOS, DNMT3B, EHMT2, EHMT1, DNMT1, DNMT3A
17	response to glucocorticoid stimulus	GO:051384	10.9	APOA2, IL6, IL1RN, INSR, UCP3, BCHE
18	response to estrogen stimulus	GO:043627	10.9	ZNF366, GATA4, PPARG, TNFRSF11B, HMOX1, GHRL
19	aging	GO:007568	10.9	CCL5, ADM, ADA, TGFB1, AGT, RPS6KB1
20	negative regulation of inflammatory response	GO:050728	10.9	ADIPOQ, ISL1, IL2, APOA1, APOE, GHRL
21	organ regeneration	GO:031100	10.8	PPARG, F7, NOTCH1, CCND1, CCL2, APOH
22	endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	GO:030968	10.8	ERN1, DDIT3, CTH, EIF2S1, HSP90B1, ATF3
23	response to drug	GO:042493	10.8	NCF2, JUN, KCNK3, BCHE, REN, MMP9
24	platelet degranulation	GO:002576	10.8	VWF, SELP, SERPINE1, VEGFA, CLU, CD36
25	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	GO:007166	10.7	PTK2B, EDN1, F2, PRMT1, NPPB, ADRB2
26	positive regulation of angiogenesis	GO:045766	10.7	NOS3, PRKCB, ADM, VEGFA, CHRNA7, ISL1
27	response to heat	GO:009408	10.6	PLA2G4A, CXCL12, RPS6KB1, NOS3, MTHFD2, CD14
28	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:031663	10.6	MAPK14, CCL5, TNF, NOS3, NFKBIA, TGFB1
29	angiogenesis	GO:001525	10.4	IL8, NOX1, KRIT1, EGF, SERPINE1, VEGFA
30	regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	GO:051090	10.4	MAPK14, JUN, MAPK8, MAPK3, MAPK1, HMOX1
31	response to hypoxia	GO:001666	10.3	ANGPTL4, IL18, MMP9, UCP3, CHRNA7, LEP
32	inflammatory response	GO:006954	10.3	CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, TNF, TNFRSF1B, NOX1
33	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:000122	10.2	ZNF366, MBD2, IFNG, ID1, EZH1, CAV1
34	blood coagulation	GO:007596	10.1	PLCG2, NOS1, NOS2, NOS3, PFN1, EGF
35	Toll signaling pathway	GO:008063	10.1	LBP, RELA, NFKB1, ATF2, MAPK1, MAPK14
36	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:045429	10.0	ICAM1, DDAH1, TNF, DDAH2, ESR1, IFNG
37	platelet activation	GO:030168	9.9	APOA1, KNG1, CD36, CD40LG, ITGB3, FGB
38	TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway	GO:035666	9.9	RELA, ATF2, JUN, CD14, FOS, MAPK8
39	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	9.8	IL6, ANGPTL4, MAPK8, ALB, CBL, IL1RN
40	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008284	9.8	NOX1, HRAS, PTK2B, CTGF, PLA2G4A, TGFB1
41	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:071222	9.7	CD36, LBP, SERPINE1, GSTP1, CD14, NOS2
42	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	9.6	PTK2B, VEGFA, CD36, MIF, IL6, IGF2
43	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade	GO:051897	9.5	NOX4, TGFB1, TNF, F3, INS, INSR
44	negative regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008285	9.4	GJA1, PHB, NOX4, NOS3, CTH, SRF
45	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:045944	8.0	ATF4, GATA4, ADRB2, TCF4, TGFB1, RELA

Molecular functions related to homocysteine according to GeneDecks:

(show all 7)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:005515	12.9	PFN1, PPARG, PPIA, CTH, SRF, SRC
2	histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity	GO:018024	11.5	PRDM7, SETDB1, SETMAR, SETD2, SETD8, SETD7
3	modified amino acid binding	GO:072341	11.0	MUT, MTHFR, CBS, NOX4, DPEP1, CPS1
4	protein homodimerization activity	GO:042803	10.9	PLOD1, APOA2, ABP1, SHMT1, SHBG, PDK2
5	heparin binding	GO:008201	10.6	CCL5, F11, CTGF, ABP1, APP, SOD3
6	hormone activity	GO:005179	10.1	TTR, NPPA, NPPB, ADM, ADIPOQ, GAST
7	receptor binding	GO:005102	10.1	GCG, SRC, PPP2R4, NOS2, PFN1, CXCL12