Hypersomnia malady

NINDS: Hypersomnia is characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep. Different from feeling tired due to lack of or interrupted sleep at night, persons with hypersomnia are compelled to nap repeatedly during the day, often at inappropriate times such as at work, during a meal, or in conversation. These daytime naps usually provide no relief from symptoms. Patients often have difficulty waking from a long sleep, and may feel disoriented. Other symptoms may include anxiety, increased irritation, decreased energy, restlessness, slow thinking, slow speech, loss of appetite, hallucinations, and memory difficulty. Some patients lose the ability to function in family, social, occupational, or other settings. Hypersomnia may be caused by another sleep disorder (such as narcolepsy or sleep apnea), dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, or drug or alcohol abuse. In some cases it results from a physical problem, such as a tumor, head trauma, or injury to the central nervous system. Certain medications, or medicine withdrawal, may also cause hypersomnia. Medical conditions including multiple sclerosis, depression, encephalitis, epilepsy, or obesity may contribute to the disorder. Some people appear to have a genetic predisposition to hypersomnia; in others, there is no known cause. Typically, hypersomnia is first recognized in adolescence or young adulthood.³¹

MalaCards: Hypersomnia is related to recurrent hypersomnia and kleine-levin syndrome. An important gene associated with Hypersomnia is HCRT (hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor), and among its related pathways are Immune response_ICOS pathway in T-helper cell and MHC class II antigen presentation. The compounds c-peptide and intralipid have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Related mouse phenotype homeostasis/metabolism.

Wikipedia: Hypersomnia is a disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness, extended sleep time in a 24-hour cycle,...⁴⁴ more...

hypersomnia 31

Diseases related to hypersomnia by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 172)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	recurrent hypersomnia	31.9	RPS6KB2, HCRT
2	kleine-levin syndrome	29.4	HLA-DRB1, HCRT
3	multiple sclerosis	29.2	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
4	narcolepsy	29.1	CPT1B, HCRT, TRA@, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, INS
5	acute disseminated encephalomyelitis	28.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HCRT
6	sleep apnea	28.4	HCRT, GH1, INS
7	apnea	28.0	HCRT, CYP2D6, GH1, INS
8	encephalomyelitis	27.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, TRA@, HCRT
9	sleep disorder	27.4	HCRT, HLA-DQB1, INS
10	sepiapterin reductase deficiency	27.3	SPR, PARK2
11	prader-willi syndrome	26.8	HCRT, GH1, INS
12	sensenbrenner syndrome	13.4	HCRT, RPS6KB2
13	tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency	13.1	SPR, GH1
14	tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis	13.1	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
15	adult dermatomyositis	13.1	INS, CHKB
16	neuroleptic malignant syndrome	13.1	CYP2D6, CHKB
17	common wart	13.1	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
18	whipple disease	13.1	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
19	pityriasis rosea	13.0	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
20	gas gangrene	13.0	INS, CHKB
21	rabson-mendenhall syndrome	13.0	GH1, INS
22	hypokalemic periodic paralysis	13.0	INS, CHKB
23	cytomegalovirus retinitis	13.0	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
24	alveolar echinococcosis	13.0	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
25	pituitary apoplexy	13.0	GH1, INS
26	hypoadrenalism	13.0	GH1, INS
27	aromatase deficiency	13.0	GH1, INS
28	ocular cicatricial pemphigoid	13.0	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
29	pituitary gland disease	13.0	GH1, INS
30	laron syndrome	12.9	GH1, INS
31	immunodysregulation	12.9	HLA-DRB1, INS
32	recurrent respiratory papillomatosis	12.9	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
33	combined pituitary hormone deficiency	12.9	GH1, INS
34	neuromyelitis optica	12.9	HCRT, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
35	optic neuritis	12.8	HCRT, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
36	guillain-barre syndrome	12.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HCRT
37	relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	12.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, HCRT
38	cervical dystonia	12.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, SPR
39	acute chest syndrome	12.8	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
40	pituitary hormone deficiency	12.8	GH1, INS
41	fragile x-associated primary ovarian insufficiency	12.8	GH1, INS
42	idiopathic myopathy	12.8	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, CHKB
43	craniopharyngioma	12.7	INS, GH1, HCRT
44	severe congenital neutropenia	12.7	CYP2D6, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
45	progressive supranuclear palsy	12.7	PARK2, HCRT
46	fibromyalgia	12.7	CHKB, INS, CYP2D6
47	inclusion body myositis	12.7	CHKB, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
48	obesity, association with	12.7	HCRT, GH1, INS
49	interstitial lung disease	12.7	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, CHKB
50	polymyositis	12.7	CHKB, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to hypersomnia:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	6.8	PARK2, CHKB, INS, GH1, HLA-DQB1, SPR

Articles related to hypersomnia:

(show all 23)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Polymorphism located in TCRA locus confers susceptibi lity to essential hypersomnia with HLA-DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype. (19927159)	Miyagawa T.... Tokunaga K.	2010	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, TRA@
2	A patient with anti-aquaporin 4 antibody who presented with recurrent hypersomnia, reduced orexin (hypocretin) level, and symmetrical hypothalamic lesions. (18226957)	Nozaki H.... Nishizawa M.	2009	HCRT
3	Prevalence of the HLA-DQB1*0602 allele in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia patients seen at a sleep disorders outpatient unit i n SALo Paulo. (19506770)	Coelho F.M.... Tufik S.	2009	HLA-DQB1, HCRT
4	Polymorphism located between CPT1B and CHKB, and HLA- DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype confer susceptibility to CNS hypersomnias (essent ial hypersomnia). (19404393)	Miyagawa T.... Tokunaga K.	2009	CPT1B, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
5	CSF histamine contents in narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. (19238805)	Kanbayashi T.... Nishino S.	2009	HCRT
6	Restless legs syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep beha vior disorder, and hypersomnia in patients with two parkin mutations. (19672985)	Limousin N.... Arnulf I.	2009	PARK2
7	Narcolepsy and other hypersomnias in children. (19023917)	Kothare S.V.... Kaleyias J.	2008	HCRT
8	Narcolepsy, metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as the causes of hypersomnia in children. Report of three cases. (18229667)	Wasilewska J.... Kaczmarski M.	2007	INS
9	CSF hypocretin-1 levels and clinical profiles in narcolepsy and idiopathic CNS hypersomnia in Norway. (17702265)	Heier M.S.... Gautvik K.	2007	HCRT
10	Dopa-responsive hypersomnia and mixed movement disorder due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency. (17159114)	Friedman J.... MacCollin M.	2006	SPR
11	Symptomatic hypersomnia due to orexin deficiency in hypothalamic lesions (16986734)	Kanbayashi T.... Sawaishi Y.	2006	HCRT
12	Impact of CYP2D6*10 on H1-antihistamine-induced hypersomnia. (17089107)	Saruwatari J.... Nakagawa K.	2006	CYP2D6
13	Sleep cycling alternating pattern (CAP) expression is associated with hypersomnia and GH secretory pattern in Prader-Willi syndrome. (17023209)	Priano L.... Mauro A.	2006	GH1
14	Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system. (16006155)	Nishino S.... Kanbayashi T.	2005	HCRT
15	Hypersomnia and low cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin levels in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. (15519122)	Yoshikawa S.... Tamai H.	2004	HCRT
16	Low CSF hypocretin-1/orexin-A associated with hypersomnia secondary to hypothalamic lesion in a case of multiple sclerosis. (15258796)	Oka Y.... Shibasaki H.	2004	HCRT
17	Hypersomnia, asterixis and cataplexy in association with orexin A-reduced hypothalamic tumor. (15645360)	Nokura K.... Kawase T.	2004	HCRT
18	CSF hypocretin-1 levels in narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and other hypersomnias and neurological conditions. (14638887)	Dauvilliers Y.... Bassetti C.L.	2003	HCRT
19	Hypersomnia and low CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) concentration in a patient with multiple sclerosis showing bilateral hypothalamic lesions. (12924505)	Kato T.... Ikeda S.	2003	HCRT
20	Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in narcolepsy and primary hypersomnia. (12486284)	Ebrahim I.O.... Williams A.J.	2003	HCRT
21	The role of cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement in the diagnosis of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias. (12374492)	Mignot E.... Nishino S.	2002	HCRT
22	A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presen ting hypersomnia with decreased hypocretin level in cerebrospinal fluid. (12269735)	Kubota H.... Kohno Y.	2002	HCRT
23	CSF hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) concentrations in narcole psy with and without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. (11869432)	Kanbayashi T.... Shimizu T.	2002	HCRT

Genes related to hypersomnia according to GeneCards:

(show all 12)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	HCRT	hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor	11.0	Publications
2	RPS6KB2	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 2	11.0
3	CPT1B	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (muscle)	11.0	Publications
4	SPR	sepiapterin reductase (7,8-dihydrobiopterin:NADP+ oxidoreductase)	11.0	Publications
5	CHKB	choline kinase beta	11.0	Publications
6	HLA-DQB1	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	11.0	Publications
7	CYP2D6	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6	11.0	Publications
8	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	Publications
9	TRA@	T cell receptor alpha locus	11.0	Publications
10	HLA-DRB1	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	11.0	Publications
11	PARK2	parkinson protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (parkin)	11.0	Publications
12	INS	insulin	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to hypersomnia according to GeneDecks:

(show all 14)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Immune response_ICOS pathway in T-helper cell41	10.0	TRA@
2	MHC class II antigen presentation38	9.5	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
3	Immune response Antigen presentation by MHC class II10	9.2	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, TRA@
4	Immune response_Antigen presentation by MHC class II41	9.2	HLA-DQB1, TRA@, HLA-DRB1
5	Type I diabetes mellitus20	9.2	HLA-DRB1, INS, HLA-DQB1
6	G-protein signaling N-RAS regulation pathway10	9.2	TRA@, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
7	G-protein signaling_N-RAS regulation pathway41	9.2	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1, TRA@
8	Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway10	9.2	HLA-DQB1, TRA@, HLA-DRB1
9	Immune response_IL-22 signaling pathway41	9.1	HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, TRA@
10	Immune response T cell receptor signaling pathway10	9.1	TRA@, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
11	Immune response_T cell receptor signaling pathway41	9.1	TRA@, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
12	Immune response ICOS pathway in T-helper cell10	9.0	HLA-DRB1, TRA@, HLA-DQB1
13	Immune response NFAT in immune response10	8.9	TRA@, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1
14	Immune response_NFAT in immune response41	8.7	HLA-DRB1, TRA@, HLA-DQB1

Compounds related to hypersomnia according to GeneDecks:

(show all 44)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	c-peptide32	10.6	HCRT
2	intralipid32	10.2	GH1
3	gamma-hydroxybutyrate32	10.2	CHKB, HCRT
4	modafinil34 32 9 9	13.1	HCRT, CYP2D6
5	methylphenidate32 9 9	12.1	HCRT, CYP2D6
6	glucose32	10.1	PARK2
7	glutamate32	10.0	HCRT, INS
8	phenformin32 9 9	11.9	CYP2D6, INS
9	oxandrolone32 9 9	11.9	INS, GH1
10	melatonin32 42 9 18 9	13.8	HCRT, SPR, GH1
11	clomipramine32 34 9 9	12.8	CYP2D6, HCRT
12	bamhi32	9.8	TRA@, HLA-DQB1
13	acipimox32	9.8	GH1, INS
14	metoclopramide32 9 9	11.7	CYP2D6, GH1
15	nateglinide32 42 9 9	12.7	INS, CYP2D6
16	cocaine32 9 9	11.7	HCRT, CYP2D6, CHKB
17	carnitine32	9.7	CPT1B, INS, CHKB
18	olanzapine32 34 9 18 9	13.6	CHKB, INS, CYP2D6
19	beta-hydroxybutyrate32	9.6	CHKB, INS, GH1
20	diazoxide32 42 9 9	12.5	GH1, INS
21	androstenedione32 18	10.5	INS, GH1, CYP2D6
22	doxazosin32 9 9	11.4	INS, CYP2D6
23	rosiglitazone32 9 18 9	12.4	INS, GH1, CYP2D6
24	catecholamine32	9.4	HCRT, CHKB, PARK2
25	testosterone32 9 18 9	12.3	CHKB, CYP2D6, PARK2
26	estradiol32 9 18 9	12.3	CHKB, HCRT, GH1, CYP2D6
27	1 methyl 4 phenylpyridinium32	9.3	PARK2, CYP2D6
28	thyroxine32 18	10.3	INS, CHKB, GH1, HCRT
29	epinephrine32 9 18 9	12.3	CHKB, HCRT, GH1, INS
30	glycerol32 9 18 9	12.3	INS, GH1, CPT1B, CHKB
31	clomiphene citrate32	9.2	INS, GH1
32	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	12.0	GH1, CHKB, INS, HCRT, SPR
33	levodopa32 9 9	10.9	PARK2, CHKB, CYP2D6, GH1
34	fatty acid32	8.9	CHKB, INS, GH1, CYP2D6, CPT1B
35	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	12.8	CHKB, GH1, HCRT, CYP2D6, INS
36	glycogen32 18	9.8	PARK2, INS, CPT1B, CHKB
37	glutamine32	8.7	PARK2, CHKB, GH1, HLA-DQB1
38	dopamine32 9 18 9	11.7	SPR, PARK2, CHKB, GH1, HCRT
39	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	11.6	CHKB, CYP2D6, HCRT, SPR, PARK2
40	oligonucleotide32	8.3	GH1, HLA-DQB1, HCRT, HLA-DRB1, PARK2
41	estrogen32	8.2	HCRT, INS, CHKB, GH1, PARK2
42	lipid32	8.1	CPT1B, HCRT, CYP2D6, GH1, INS, PARK2
43	alanine32	7.9	GH1, HLA-DRB1, HCRT, INS, CHKB, PARK2
44	tyrosine32	7.1	PARK2, HCRT, SPR, CYP2D6, HLA-DQB1, GH1

Cellular components related to hypersomnia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane	GO:030669	9.5	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
2	MHC class II protein complex	GO:042613	9.2	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1

Biological processes related to hypersomnia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin	GO:002455	9.5	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1
2	immunoglobulin production involved in immunoglobulin mediated immune response	GO:002381	9.2	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1

Molecular functions related to hypersomnia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	MHC class II receptor activity	GO:032395	9.5	HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRB1