Intermittent Explosive Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: INT025 MIFTS: 42	Intermittent Explosive Disorder Categories: Mental diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

MalaCards integrated aliases for Intermittent Explosive Disorder:

Name: Intermittent Explosive Disorder ¹² ¹⁴ ⁶⁹

Explosive Personality Disorder ¹² ⁶⁹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Mental and behavioural disorders

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour

Specific personality disorders

Emotionally unstable personality disorder

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:12401

ICD10 ³² F60.3 F63.81

ICD9CM ³⁴ 301.3 312.34

MeSH ⁴¹ D007174

NCIt ⁴⁶ C94332

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁴ 191759005 192096007 192488005 more

UMLS ⁶⁹ C0021776 C0152183

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Summaries for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Disease Ontology : ¹² An impulse control disorder that involves the episodic inability to control violent impulses with a disproportionate degree of aggressiveness.

MalaCards based summary : Intermittent Explosive Disorder, also known as explosive personality disorder, is related to disease of mental health and obsessive-compulsive disorder. An important gene associated with Intermittent Explosive Disorder is SLC6A4 (Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and G alpha (s) signalling events. The drugs Guanfacine and Naratriptan have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include amygdala and brain, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and nervous system

Wikipedia : ⁷² Intermittent explosive disorder (sometimes abbreviated as IED) is a behavioral disorder characterized by... more...

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Related Diseases for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Diseases related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 72)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	disease of mental health	30.2	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
2	obsessive-compulsive disorder	29.8	HTR1A PRL SLC6A4
3	bipolar disorder	29.4	CHRNA7 HTR1A PRL SLC6A4
4	pyromania	11.1
5	dissociative amnesia	10.4	HTR1A SMUG1
6	atypical depressive disorder	10.4	HTR7 SLC6A4
7	phobic disorder	10.4	HTR1A SLC6A4
8	ovarian squamous cell carcinoma	10.4	CRP SMUG1
9	periodic limb movement disorder	10.3	HTR1A SLC6A4
10	aortitis	10.3	CRP SMUG1
11	cold agglutinin disease	10.3	CRP IL6
12	diabetic foot ulcers	10.3	CRP IL6
13	cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome	10.3	CRP IL6
14	neutrophilia, hereditary	10.3	CRP IL6
15	acute cholangitis	10.3	CRP IL6
16	rumination disorder	10.3	HTR1A HTR7
17	cardiogenic shock	10.3	CRP IL6
18	cartilage disease	10.3	CRP SMUG1
19	dysthymic disorder	10.3	HTR7 SLC6A4
20	uremic pruritus	10.3	CRP IL6
21	spinal disease	10.3	CRP IL6
22	castleman disease	10.2	CRP IL6
23	alexithymia	10.2	CRP HTR1A SLC6A4
24	premature ejaculation	10.2	HTR1A SLC6A4
25	microscopic colitis	10.2	IL6 SLC6A4
26	angina pectoris	10.2	CRP IL6
27	psychosexual disorder	10.2	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
28	chronic fatigue syndrome	10.2	HTR1A IL6 SLC6A4
29	kleptomania	10.2	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
30	brunner syndrome	10.2	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
31	mental depression	10.2	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
32	chronic pulmonary heart disease	10.2	HTR7 SLC6A4
33	social phobia	10.2	PRL SLC6A4
34	viral pneumonia	10.2	CRP IL6
35	motion sickness	10.1	HTR1A HTR7
36	systolic heart failure	10.1	ADRB1 CRP IL6
37	personality disorder	10.1
38	melancholia	10.1	CRP PRL
39	central nervous system vasculitis	10.1	CRP IL6 SMUG1
40	schizoaffective disorder	10.1	CHRFAM7A PRL SLC6A4
41	temporal arteritis	10.1	CRP IL6 SMUG1
42	anxiety	10.1	HTR1A NPY SLC6A4
43	postpartum depression	10.1	HTR1A PRL SLC6A4
44	migraine without aura	10.0	HTR1A PRL SLC6A4
45	bulimia nervosa 1	10.0	HTR7 NPY SLC6A4
46	coronary artery anomaly	10.0	ADRB1 CRP IL6
47	cecal disease	10.0	CRP IL6
48	stereotypic movement disorder	10.0	NPY PRL
49	relapsing polychondritis	9.9	CRP IL6
50	overnutrition	9.9	CRP IL6 NPY

Comorbidity relations with Intermittent Explosive Disorder via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis	Alzheimer Disease
Schizophreniform Disorder

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder:

⁴³

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.73	ADRB1 CGA CHRNA7 CRP GABRA2 HTR1A
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.28	CGA CHRNA7 GABRA2 HTR1A HTR7 IL6

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Drugs for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 38)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Guanfacine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

29110-47-2

3519

Synonyms:

29110-47-2

29110-48-3 (mono-hydrochloride)

AC1L1G4B

BPBio1_000415

BRD-K32830106-003-03-0

BSPBio_000377

C07037

C9H9Cl2N3O

CAS-29110-48-3

CHEMBL862

CID3519

D08031

DB01018

EINECS 249-442-8

Estulic

Estulic (TN)

G1043_SIGMA

Guanfacina

Guanfacina [INN-Spanish]

GUANFACINE

Guanfacine (INN)

Guanfacine [INN:BAN]

Guanfacine Monohydrochloride

Guanfacinum

Guanfacinum [INN-Latin]

Intuniv

L000286

L013430

Lon798

Lopac0_000519

Lopac-G-1043

LS-174236

MolPort-003-941-447

N (Aminoiminomethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzeneacetamide

N-(diaminomethylidene)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamide

NCGC00015469-01

NCGC00015469-02

NCGC00015469-06

NCGC00024950-01

NCGC00024950-02

NCGC00024950-03

Prestwick0_000339

Prestwick1_000339

Prestwick2_000339

Prestwick3_000339

SPBio_002298

SPD 503

Tocris-1030

UNII-30OMY4G3MK

ZINC03872738

Naratriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

143388-64-1, 121679-13-8

4440

Synonyms:

121679-13-8

AC1L1I6A

AC-5013

Amerge, Naramig,Naratriptan

BIDD:GT0312

C07792

CHEBI:7478

CHEMBL1278

CID4440

Colatan

D08255

DB00952

InChI=1/C17H25N3O2S/c1-18-23(21,22)10-7-13-3-4-17-15(11-13)16(12-19-17)14-5-8-20(2)9-6-14/h3-4,11-12,14,18-19H,5-10H2,1-2H

L000432

LS-83062

MolPort-005-932-823

Naramig

Naramig (TN)

naratriptan

Naratriptan (INN)

naratriptanum

Naratriptanum

NCGC00181786-01

N-methyl-2-(3-(1-methylpiperiden-4-yl)indole-5-yl)ethanesulfonamide

N-Methyl-2-(3-(1-methylpiperiden-4-yl)indole-5-yl)ethanesulfonamide

N-methyl-2-[3-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-ethanesulfonamide

N-Methyl-2-[3-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-ethanesulfonamide

N-methyl-2-[3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl]ethanesulfonamide

S1488_Selleck

UNII-QX3KXL1ZA2

Sumatriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

103628-46-2

5358

Synonyms:

(3-[2-(dimethylamino)Ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide

(3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide

1-[3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-methylmethanesulfonamide

1-[3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide

1-[3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-yl]-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide

1-{3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl}-N-methylmethanesulfonamide

103628-46-2

103628-48-4 (succinate)

3-(2-(dimethylamino)Ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide

3-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide

3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-1H-indole-5-methanesulfonamide

3-[2-(dimethylamino)Ethyl]-N-methylindole-5-methanesulfonamide

3-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylindole-5-methanesulfonamide

AC1L1K6B

Ambap103628-46-2

BIDD:GT0248

BRD-K50938287-001-01-7

BRN 6930870

BSPBio_002304

C07319

C14H21N3O2S

CHEBI:10650

CHEMBL128

CID5358

D00451

DB00669

estradiol

GR 43175

GR 43175X

GR-43175

I06-0076

Imigran

Imigran (TN)

Imigran Recovery

Imitrex

Imitrex (TN)

Imitrex Oral

KS-1116

L000584

LS-83175

MLS001195659

MLS001304742

MolPort-002-885-863

NCGC00095838-01

NCGC00095838-02

NP101

SMR000596517

SPECTRUM1505372

Sumatran

sumatriptan

Sumatriptan

Sumatriptán

Sumatriptan (JAN/USP/INN)

Sumatriptan Succinate

Sumatriptanum

Sumatriptanum [INN-Latin]

Sumax

triptan

UNII-8R78F6L9VO

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 4

Adrenergic Agonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Phase 4

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

Serotonin

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

50-67-9

5202

Synonyms:

3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol

3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol

3-(b-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole

5-HT

5-HTA

5-Hydroxy-3-(b-aminoethyl)indole

5-Hydroxyltryptamine

5-Hydroxytriptamine

5-Hydroxytryptamine

5-Hydroxy-tryptamine

Antemovis

DS substance

Enteramin

Enteramine

Serotonin Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists

Phase 4

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 3

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Synonyms:

(3H)-Dopamine

.alpha.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-.beta.-aminoethane

.Beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- (9CI)

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, labeled with tritium

153C5321-5FEE-4B0B-8925-F388F0EEEBD1

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine

2-benzenediol

3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine

3-Hydroxtyramine

3-Hydroxytyramine

3-Hydroxytyramine Hydrobromide

3-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,

4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-bezenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol

4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)catechol

4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol

4-(2-aminoethyl)-pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-Pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol hydrochloride

50444-17-2

51-61-6

62-31-7 (HYDROCHLORIDE)

a-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane

AC1L19S5

AC1Q54AX

AC1Q54AY

AKOS003790978

alpha-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane

ASL 279

BIDD:ER0506

Biomol-NT_000001

BPBio1_001123

BSPBio_001932

C03758

CHEBI:18243

CHEMBL59

CID681

cMAP_000036

cMAP_000065

D07870

DB00988

Deoxyepinephrine

DivK1c_000780

Dopamin

Dopamina

Dopamina [INN-Spanish]

dopamine

Dopamine

Dopamine (INN)

Dopamine (USAN)(*hydrochloride*)

Dopamine [INN:BAN]

Dopaminum

Dopaminum [INN-Latin]

Dopastat

Dophamine

Dynatra

EINECS 200-110-0

HSDB 3068

Hydroxytyramin

hydroxytyramine

Hydroxytyramine

IDI1_000780

intropin

Intropin

Intropin [*hydrochloride*]

IP 498

KBio1_000780

KBio2_001492

KBio2_002388

KBio2_002484

KBio2_004060

KBio2_004956

KBio2_005052

KBio2_006628

KBio2_007524

KBio2_007620

KBio3_001152

KBio3_002867

KBio3_002962

KBioGR_001129

KBioGR_002388

KBioGR_002484

KBioSS_001492

KBioSS_002393

KBioSS_002491

KW-3-060

L000232

L-DOPAMINE

LDP

Lopac0_000586

Lopac-H-8502

LS-159

Medopa (TN)

m-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride

MolPort-001-641-000

NCGC00015519-01

NCGC00015519-08

NCGC00096050-01

NCGC00096050-02

NCGC00096050-03

NCGC00096050-04

NCGC00096050-05

nchembio.105-comp9

nchembio.107-comp4

nchembio.284-comp1

nchembio.78-comp16

nchembio.89-comp3

nchembio705-8

nchembio801-comp8

NINDS_000780

NSC 173182

NSC169105

NSC173182

Oprea1_088821

Oxytyramine

Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- (8CI)

Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride

Revimine

Revivan

SPBio_001205

Spectrum_001012

SPECTRUM1505155

Spectrum2_001023

Spectrum3_000406

Spectrum4_000525

Spectrum5_000945

ST048774

STK301601

UNII-VTD58H1Z2X

UPCMLD0ENAT5885989:001

Risperidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

106266-06-2

5073

Synonyms:

106266-06-2

3-(2-(4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidino)ethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido(1,2-a)pyrimidin-4-one

3-(2-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-pyrido[

3-(2-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl)-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,

3-[2-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidin-4-one

3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

3-[2-[-4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

3-[2-[4-(6-Fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperi-dino]ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]-pyrimidin-4-one

3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,

3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

3-{2-[4-(6-Fluoro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)-piperidin-1-yl]-ethyl}-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one

AB00514010

AC-1306

AC1L1JJU

Belivon

BIDD:GT0262

Bio-0092

BRD-K53857191-001-04-5

BRN 4891881

Buspirone

C23H27FN4O2

CAS-106266-06-2

CHEBI:8871

CHEMBL85

CID5073

Consta, Risperdal

CPD000466323

D00426

D018967

DB00734

EU-0101074

HMS1571M19

HMS2051H07

HMS2089C22

HSDB 7580

I01-1156

Jsp000573

KS-1106

L000510

Lopac-R-118

LS-134196

MLS000759429

MLS001165758

MLS001424081

MolPort-002-885-858

NCGC00015883-01

NCGC00015883-02

NCGC00015883-03

NCGC00094352-01

NCGC00094352-02

NCGC00094352-03

NCGC00179257-01

Prestwick0_001029

Prestwick1_001029

R 62 766

R 64 766, Risperdal, Risperidone

R 64,766

R 64766

R-118

R64,766

R-64,766

R64766

R-64766

R-64-766

Rispen

Risperdal

Risperdal (TN)

Risperdal Consta

Risperdal M-Tab

risperdone

Risperidal

Risperidal M-Tab

Risperidona

Risperidona [Spanish]

risperidone

Risperidone

Risperidone (JAN/USAN/INN)

Risperidone (RIS)

Risperidone [USAN:BAN:INN]

Risperidone, placebo

Risperidonum

Risperidonum [Latin]

Risperin

Rispolept

Rispolin

S1615_Selleck

SAM001246595

Sequinan

SMR000466323

SPBio_003078

Spiron

STK646402

TL8000230

UNII-L6UH7ZF8HC

Antipsychotic Agents

Phase 3

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 3

Dopamine Agents

Phase 3

Dopamine Antagonists

Phase 3

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 3,Phase 2

Serotonin Antagonists

Phase 3

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 3

Fluoxetine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

54910-89-3

3386

Synonyms:

(+) or (-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy)propylamine

(+) or (-)-N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine

(+-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy)propylamine

(+-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-P-tolyl)oxy)propylamine

(+-)-N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine

(+/-)-Fluoxetine

(+/-)-N-Methyl-3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine

(+/-)-N-Methyl-3-p-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine

(+/-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)oxy]propylamine

(+/-)-N-Methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propylamine]

(+/-)-N-Methyl-gamma-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzenepropanamine

3-(p-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine

52341-67-0

54910-89-3

57226-07-0

59333-67-4 (hydrochloride)

AB00053774

AC-14564

AC1L1FTH

Adofen

AKOS003663021

Animex-On

Bio-0787

Biomol-NT_000152

BPBio1_000354

BPBio1_000509

BRD-A31159102-001-01-9

BRD-A31159102-003-05-6

BSPBio_000461

BSPBio_003375

C17H18F3NO

CHEBI:5118

CHEMBL41

CID3386

D00326

DB00472

Deprex

DivK1c_006819

dl-3-(p-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine

Eufor

Floxetine

Fluctin

Fluoxeren

Fluoxetin

Fluoxetina

Fluoxetina [INN-Spanish]

Fluoxetina [Spanish]

fluoxetine

Fluoxétine

fluoxetine (Prozac)

Fluoxetine (TN)

Fluoxetine (USAN/INN)

Fluoxetine [USAN:INN:BAN]

Fluoxetine Hcl

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride

Fluoxetinum

Fluoxetinum [INN-Latin]

Fluval

Fontex

Foxetin

HMS2090H14

KBio1_001763

KBio2_002159

KBio2_004727

KBio2_007295

KBio3_002595

KBioGR_001166

KBioSS_002159

L000931

Lilly-110140

Lopac0_000558

LS-31040

Methyl({3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propyl})amine

Methyl-[3-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-propyl]-amine

MolPort-001-683-482

NCGC00015428-10

NCGC00024879-03

NCGC00024879-04

nchembio.534-comp2

N-Methyl-3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropylamine

N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine

N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]oxy}propan-1-amine

N-Methyl-gamma-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine

NSC283480

Portal

Prestwick0_000511

Prestwick1_000511

Prestwick2_000511

Prestwick3_000511

Prozac

Prozac Weekly

Pulvules

Reconcile

Reneuron

Sarafem

SPBio_001815

SPBio_002382

SpecPlus_000723

Spectrum_001679

Spectrum2_001658

Spectrum3_001648

Spectrum4_000613

Spectrum5_001518

STK734483

TL8003595

UNII-01K63SUP8D

Quinidine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

56-54-2

441074

Synonyms:

(-)-Quinine

(+)-quinidine

(8R,9S)-Quinidine

(R)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((3S,4R,7S)-3-vinylquinuclidin-7-yl)methanol

(S)-(6-Methoxy-quinolin-4-yl)-((2R,5R)-5-vinyl-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-yl)-methanol

(S)-(6-Methoxyquinolin-4-yl)((2R,5R)-5-vinylquinuclidin-2-yl)methanol

11010-73-4

12239-42-8

128544-03-6

130-89-2

130-95-0

1407-83-6

21480-31-9

22600_FLUKA

22620_FLUKA

22620_SIGMA

500225-45-6

50-54-4

549-56-4

55980-20-6

56-54-2

572-59-8

6119-70-6

6151-39-9

6151-40-2

6183-68-2

6591-63-5

6912-57-8

6-methoxy-α-(5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinyl)-4-quinolinemethanol

72646-90-3

767303-40-2

804-63-7

840482-04-4

845886-64-8

857212-53-4

864908-93-0

875538-34-4

882741-47-1

883881-01-4

888714-03-2

890027-24-4

894767-09-0

898813-59-7

898814-00-1

898814-28-3

899813-83-3

900786-66-5

900789-95-9

906550-97-8

909263-47-4

909767-48-2

909882-78-6

910878-25-0

910880-97-6

910899-51-3

911445-75-5

918778-04-8

AB00514657

AC1L199L

AC1L1ANE

AC1L1LHL

AC1L1R7Y

AC1L3RNZ

AC1L9AHT

AC1L9AHW

AC1LCUGN

AC1LDI43

AC1LDI46

AC1MBNAI

AC1MHDEF

AC1MHUCH

AC1MHWS7

AC1MI1Q5

AC1NSV55

AC1NSV58

AC1NSZYR

AC1NSZYU

AC1NUNML

AC1NUNMO

AC1NX8JM

AC1O56R7

AC1O7EE0

AC1O7GNZ

AC1OAH7Z

AC1OCD5W

AC1OCD62

AC1OFCPL

AC1Q4EZ5

AC1Q4EZ6

AC1Q58AF

Aflukin

Apo-Quinidine

AR-1A4833

AR-1H2065

Auriquin

BB_NC-0697

beta-Quinine

BIB1110

BIDD:GT0144

Biquin Durules

bmse000511

C06526

C06527

C20H24N2O2

Cardioquin

CCRIS 5755

CCRIS 672

CHEBI:111177

CHEBI:15854

CHEBI:28593

CHEMBL170

CHEMBL21578

CHEMBL576997

CHEMBL601807

CHEMBL97

Chinidin

Chinidine

chinidinum

Chinidinum

Chinin

Chinine

chininum

CID10448938

CID1065

CID25522

CID2728270

CID3000825

CID3032576

CID3034034

CID3036746

CID441073

CID441074

CID5317111

CID5317112

CID5320867

CID5320868

CID5484444

CID5484450

CID5748152

CID5953

CID637552

CID6453100

CID6602154

CID6604605

CID667448

CID667449

CID6857801

CID6916033

CID6916036

CID7048767

CID8549

CID94175

CID9967055

Cin-Quin

CIN-QUIN

Coccinine

Coco-Quinine

Conchinin

Conchinine

Conquinine

CPD000857275

D08458

D08460

DB00468

DB00908

Duraquin

Epiquinidine

FT-0082277

GNF-Pf-180

GNF-Pf-5423

GNF-PF-5459

HMS1304I22

HMS1607A11

HMS1989J09

HMS2089E05

HSDB 225

HSDB 2501

I14-3348

I14-3397

IBS-L0034250

IDI1_000134

KBio1_000134

KBio2_001392

KBio2_003960

KBio2_006528

KBio3_001551

Kinidin

Kinidin (TN)

KST-1A1085

L001278

Lopac-Q-0875

Lopac-Q-1250

LS-141252

LS-187236

LS-194958

LS-221

LS-4562

LT00645788

MLS001304041

MLS001335913

MLS001335914

NCI60_004320

NCI-C56246

NINDS_000134

Novoquinidin

NSC 192949

NSC 5362

NSC131458

NSC192949

NSC5362

NSC667852

OR28880

Pitayin

Pitayine

Q0006

Q3625_SIGMA

Quinact

Quinaglute

Quinaglute Dura-Tabs

Quinalan

Quinate

Quinatime

Quindan

Quindine

Quinicardine

Quinidex

Quinidex Extentabs

quinidina

Quinidina

quinidine

Quinidine Gluconate

Quinidine Sulfate

Quiniduran

Quinimax

quinina

Quinine

Quinine Dab

Quinora

Quin-Release

Quniacridine

RH01857

SAM002264644

SB01652

SMP1_000254

SMR000718748

SMR000857275

SPBio_001375

SPBio_002379

ST056282

TCMDC-131239

TNP00086

α-(6-methoxy-4-quinolyl)-5-vinyl-2-quinuclidinemethanol

β-quinine

Arginine Vasopressin

Phase 1, Phase 2

Coagulants

Phase 1, Phase 2

Hemostatics

Phase 1, Phase 2

Hormones

Phase 1, Phase 2

Natriuretic Agents

Phase 1, Phase 2

SRX246

Phase 1, Phase 2

Vasopressins

Phase 1, Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Phase 2

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors

Phase 2

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 2

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 2

Quinidine gluconate

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Intuniv vs Placebo in the Treatment of Childhood Intermittent Explosive Disorder	Completed	NCT02048241	Phase 4	Intuniv
2	Efficacy of a Triptan in the Treatment of Hostility and Aggression Among Convicts With a Psychiatric Treatment Order	Terminated	NCT00282165	Phase 4	naratriptan;placebo
3	Study to Determine Whether There Are Any Cognitive or Motor Effects From Taking the Medicine Risperidone.	Completed	NCT00399698	Phase 3	Risperdal
4	Safety, Tolerability and Activity of SRX246 in Adults With Intermittent Explosive Disorder	Completed	NCT02055638	Phase 1, Phase 2	SRX246;Placebo
5	Psychotherapy for Intermittent Explosive Disorder	Completed	NCT00667212	Phase 2
6	A Comparison of Fluoxetine and Divalproex for the Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder	Completed	NCT00078754	Phase 2	Fluoxetine;Divalproex;Placebo
7	A Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy of Group Versus Individual Anger Management in Subjects With IED	Completed	NCT00127400	Phase 2
8	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of AVP-786 for the Treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder	Recruiting	NCT03420222	Phase 2	AVP-786;Placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Sources

Genetic Tests for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Sources

Anatomical Context for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder:

³⁸

Amygdala, Brain

Sources

Publications for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Articles related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder:

(show top 50) (show all 86)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes Associated with Intermittent Explosive Disorder: A Gene-Based Functional Enrichment Analysis. ( 29106553 )	Montalvo-Ortiz J.L....Coccaro E.F.	2018
2	A Wait-List Controlled Study of a Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Intermittent Explosive Disorder in Timor-Leste. ( 28749158 )	Hewage K....Silove D.	2017
3	Intermittent explosive disorder and eating disorders: Analysis of national comorbidity and research samples. ( 28324677 )	Jennings K.M....Coccaro E.F.	2017
4	Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Sample. ( 28252880 )	Coccaro E.F....Lee R.	2017
5	Single Case Study: Neuropsychological Functioning in a Patient Diagnosed with Intermittent Explosive Disorder Pre and Post Neurosurgery. ( 27161981 )	Alvarez-Alonso M.J....Jurado-Barba R.	2016
6	Substance use disorders: Relationship with intermittent explosive disorder and with aggression, anger, and impulsivity. ( 27442963 )	Coccaro E.F....Lee R.	2016
7	The cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV intermittent explosive disorder. ( 27572872 )	Scott K.M....Kessler R.C.	2016
8	Development of a screening questionnaire for DSM-5 intermittent explosive disorder (IED-SQ). ( 28088746 )	Coccaro E.F....McCloskey M.S.	2016
9	Prevalence of DSM-IV Intermittent Explosive Disorder in Black Adolescents: Findings From the National Survey of American Life, Adolescent Supplement. ( 27078052 )	Oliver D.G....Jackson J.S.	2016
10	Differential fMRI BOLD responses in amygdala in intermittent explosive disorder as a function of past Alcohol Use Disorder. ( 27693977 )	Coccaro E.F....Phan K.L.	2016
11	White Matter Integrity Reductions in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 27206265 )	Lee R....Coccaro E.F.	2016
12	Social cognition in Intermittent Explosive Disorder and aggression. ( 27621104 )	Coccaro E.F....Lee R.J.	2016
13	Negative urgency and reward/punishment sensitivity in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 27155024 )	Puhalla A.A....McCloskey M.S.	2016
14	Amygdala hyperactivation to angry faces in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 27145325 )	McCloskey M.S....Coccaro E.F.	2016
15	Comorbid intermittent explosive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: Clinical correlates and relationship to suicidal behavior. ( 27624432 )	Fanning J.R....Coccaro E.F.	2016
16	Defense styles in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 27086223 )	Puhalla A.A....Coccaro E.F.	2016
17	Verbal versus physical aggression in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 25534757 )	Look A.E....Coccaro E.F.	2015
18	The experience of aggressive outbursts in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 25541537 )	Kulper D.A....Coccaro E.F.	2015
19	The coherence and correlates of intermittent explosive disorder amongst West Papuan refugees displaced to Papua New Guinea. ( 25754605 )	Tay A.K....Silove D.	2015
20	Effects of Escitalopram Administration on Face Processing in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: An fMRI Study. ( 26105140 )	Cremers H....Coccaro E.	2015
21	Inflammatory markers and chronic exposure to fluoxetine, divalproex, and placebo in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 26277033 )	Coccaro E.F....Irwin M.R.	2015
22	Emotional intelligence and impulsive aggression in Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 25477263 )	Coccaro E.F....Lee R.	2015
23	Emotion regulation deficits in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 27539871 )	Fettich K.C....Coccaro E.F.	2015
24	Intermittent explosive disorder: associations with PTSD and other Axis I disorders in a US military veteran sample. ( 24907536 )	Reardon A.F....Miller M.W.	2014
25	Doing Psychiatry Right: A Case of Severe Avoidant Personality Disorder with Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Sexual Paraphilias. ( 25035563 )	Hebbar S.	2014
26	Relationship between psychopathy, aggression, anger, impulsivity, and intermittent explosive disorder. ( 24760575 )	Coccaro E.F....McCloskey M.S.	2014
27	History of childhood maltreatment in intermittent explosive disorder and suicidal behavior. ( 24935900 )	Fanning J.R....Coccaro E.F.	2014
28	Elevated Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers in Individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Correlation with Aggression in Humans. ( 24582164 )	Coccaro E.F....Gozal D.	2014
29	Self-harm behavior among individuals with intermittent explosive disorder and personality disorders. ( 25300440 )	Jenkins A.L....Coccaro E.F.	2014
30	Intermittent explosive disorder: a study in personalized psychopharmacotherapy. ( 24441311 )	Leahy L.G.	2014
31	Emotion regulation deficits in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 25403171 )	Fettich K.C....Coccaro E.F.	2014
32	Intermittent Explosive Disorder and aversive parental care. ( 25064384 )	Lee R....Coccaro E.F.	2014
33	Validity of the new A1 and A2 criteria for DSM-5 intermittent explosive disorder. ( 24321204 )	Coccaro E.F....McCloskey M.S.	2014
34	Common and distinct neural correlates of inhibitory dysregulation: stroop fMRI study of cocaine addiction and intermittent explosive disorder. ( 25106072 )	Moeller S.J....Alia-Klein N.	2014
35	Intermittent explosive disorder amongst women in conflict affected Timor-Leste: associations with human rights trauma, ongoing violence, poverty, and injustice. ( 23950885 )	Rees S....Steel Z.	2013
36	Elevated Plasma Inflammatory Markers in Individuals With Intermittent Explosive Disorder and Correlation With Aggression in Humans. ( 24352431 )	Coccaro E.F....Coussons-Read M.	2013
37	Achieving convergence between a community-based measure of explosive anger and a clinical interview for intermittent explosive disorder in Timor-Leste. ( 23835102 )	Liddell B.J....Steel Z.	2013
38	Intermittent explosive disorder and DSM-5: a flawed conceptualization of pathological anger. ( 23719736 )	Anand S.	2013
39	Striatal activity in borderline personality disorder with comorbid intermittent explosive disorder: sex differences. ( 22464337 )	Perez-Rodriguez M.M....New A.S.	2012
40	Intermittent explosive disorder as a disorder of impulsive aggression for DSM-5. ( 22535310 )	Coccaro E.F.	2012
41	The prevalence and correlates of intermittent explosive disorder in Iraq. ( 22443168 )	Al-Hamzawi A....McLaughlin K.A.	2012
42	The relationship between childhood exposure to trauma and intermittent explosive disorder. ( 22464047 )	Nickerson A....Hofmann S.G.	2012
43	Intermittent explosive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. ( 22752056 )	McLaughlin K.A....Kessler R.C.	2012
44	Genomic architecture of aggression: rare copy number variants in intermittent explosive disorder. ( 21812102 )	Vu T.H....Girirajan S.	2011
45	Treating intermittent explosive disorder. Emerging data show medication and cognitive behavioral therapy may help some patients. ( 21786470 )		2011
46	Intermittent explosive disorder: development of integrated research criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. ( 21295216 )	Coccaro E.F.	2011
47	Epidemiological aspects of intermittent explosive disorder in Japan; prevalence and psychosocial comorbidity: findings from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2002-2006. ( 20709410 )	Yoshimasu K....Kawakami N.	2011
48	Inverse relationship between numbers of 5-HT transporter binding sites and life history of aggression and intermittent explosive disorder. ( 19767013 )	Coccaro E.F....Kavoussi R.J.	2010
49	Expert witness claimed that a defendant had "intermittent explosive disorder," GMC hears. ( 21147742 )	Dyer C.	2010
50	Proactive, reactive, and romantic relational aggression in adulthood: measurement, predictive validity, gender differences, and association with Intermittent Explosive Disorder. ( 19822329 )	Murray-Close D....Coccaro E.F.	2010

Sources

Genes for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Genes related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder (0 elite genes):

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Implication
1	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	22.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	CGA	Glycoprotein Hormones, Alpha Polypeptide	Protein Coding	17.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
3	RUVBL1	RuvB Like AAA ATPase 1	Protein Coding	15.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
4	CTSH	Cathepsin H	Protein Coding	15.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
5	CHRFAM7A	CHRNA7 (Exons 5-10) And FAM7A (Exons A-E) Fusion	Protein Coding	15.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
6	CHRNA7	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 7 Subunit	Protein Coding	15.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
7	ADRB1	Adrenoceptor Beta 1	Protein Coding	14.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
8	HTR1A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A	Protein Coding	14.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
9	SMUG1	Single-Strand-Selective Monofunctional Uracil-DNA Glycosylase 1	Protein Coding	14.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
10	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	13.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
11	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	13.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
12	HTR7	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 7	Protein Coding	13.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
13	NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Protein Coding	13.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
14	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	13.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
15	GABRA2	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Alpha2 Subunit	Protein Coding	5.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
16	GOLPH3	Golgi Phosphoprotein 3	Protein Coding	4.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Sources

Expression for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Intermittent Explosive Disorder.

Sources

Pathways for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Pathways related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶² Show member pathways Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶² Defective AVP causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI) ⁶² Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands ⁶² G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶² GPCR ligand binding ⁶² GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like ¹ Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ³⁶ Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶² Peptide GPCRs ¹ Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins ⁶² Vasopressin-like receptors ⁶²	13.13	ADRB1 CGA CHRNA7 GABRA2 HTR1A HTR7
2	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶²	11.82	ADRB1 CGA HTR7
3	Monoamine GPCRs ¹ Show member pathways Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor ⁶² Adrenoceptors ⁶² Amine ligand-binding receptors ⁶² Dopamine receptors ⁶² Histamine receptors ⁶² Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶² Serotonin receptors ⁶²	11.64	ADRB1 HTR1A HTR7
4	Serotonergic synapse ³⁶	11.6	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4
5	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ¹	11.41	CGA IL6 PRL
6	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	11.23	CHRFAM7A CHRNA7 HTR1A IL6 SLC6A4
7	Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes ³⁶	11.06	ADRB1 CGA NPY
8	Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction) ⁵⁷	10.82	ADRB1 NPY
9	Overview of nanoparticle effects ¹	10.71	CRP IL6
10	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁵⁷	10.58	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4

Sources

GO Terms for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Biological processes related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	9.76	CRP CTSH IL6 SLC6A4
2	cell proliferation	GO:0008283	9.73	GOLPH3 HTR1A NPY PRL
3	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	9.65	CGA CHRNA7 CTSH HTR1A IL6
4	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:0046427	9.4	IL6 PRL
5	behavior	GO:0007610	9.37	HTR1A NPY
6	negative regulation of organ growth	GO:0046621	9.32	CGA SLC6A4
7	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.16	CRP IL6
8	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007198	8.96	HTR1A HTR7
9	vasoconstriction	GO:0042310	8.8	HTR1A HTR7 SLC6A4

Molecular functions related to Intermittent Explosive Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.33	CGA NPY PRL
2	neurotransmitter receptor activity	GO:0030594	9.32	HTR1A HTR7
3	G-protein coupled serotonin receptor activity	GO:0004993	9.26	HTR1A HTR7
4	serotonin binding	GO:0051378	8.96	HTR1A HTR7
5	extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity	GO:0005230	8.8	CHRFAM7A CHRNA7 GABRA2

Sources

Sources for Intermittent Explosive Disorder

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ ExPASy

¹⁷ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GeneAnalytics

²⁰ GeneCards

²¹ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²² GeneHancer via GeneCards

²³ GeneReviews

²⁴ Genetics Home Reference

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HGMD

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ MalaCards

³⁹ MedGen

⁴⁰ MedlinePlus

⁴¹ MeSH

⁴² MESH via Orphanet

⁴³ MGI

⁴⁴ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁵ NCI

⁴⁶ NCIt

⁴⁷ NDF-RT

⁴⁸ NIH Clinical Center

⁴⁹ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁰ NINDS

⁵¹ Novoseek

⁵² Novus Biologicals

⁵³ OMIM

⁵⁴ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁵ Orphanet

⁵⁶ PathCards

⁵⁷ PharmGKB

⁵⁸ PubMed

⁵⁹ PubMed Health

⁶⁰ QIAGEN

⁶¹ R&D Systems

⁶² Reactome

⁶³ Sino Biological

⁶⁴ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁵ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁶ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁶⁷ TGDB

⁶⁸ Tocris

⁶⁹ UMLS

⁷⁰ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷¹ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷² Wikipedia