Laron Syndrome malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Laron syndrome is a disorder chiefly characterized by marked short stature. Signs and symptoms in the newborn period typically include low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and having an unusually small penis (micropenis). Affected children have slow and disproportionate growth, delayed motor development due to decreased muscle mass, and delayed puberty. Other signs and symptoms include distinctive facial features (protruding and high forehead, shallow eye sockets, underdeveloped nasal bridge and small chin); delayed teething; a high-pitched voice; thin bones and skin; and decreased sweating (hypohidrosis). It is often caused by mutations in the GHR gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment focuses on improving growth and includes injections of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and a diet with adequate calories.³⁰

MalaCards: Laron Syndrome, also known as pituitary dwarfism ii, is related to laron dwarfism and bell's palsy. An important gene associated with Laron Syndrome is GHR (growth hormone receptor), and among its related pathways are JNK Pathway and Transcription_Receptor-mediated HIF regulation. The compounds estradiol and bromocriptine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, heart and liver, and related mouse phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and hematopoietic system.

Wikipedia: Laron syndrome, or Laron-type dwarfism, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

laron syndrome 6 30 16 8 32 43 pituitary dwarfism ii 30 16 laron-type isolated somatotropin defect (disorder) 6 growth hormone insensitivity syndrome 30 primary growth hormone insensitivity 30

growth hormone receptor deficiency 30 primary growth hormone resistance 30 laron type pituitary dwarfism i 30 laron dwarfism 30

Diseases related to laron syndrome by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 292)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	laron dwarfism	30.4	IGF1, GH1, GHR
2	bell's palsy	30.3	IGF1, GHR
3	insulin-like growth factor i deficiency	29.4	IGF1, GHR
4	dwarfism	28.0	INS, IL18R1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
5	acid-labile subunit	26.6	IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
6	blindness	25.5	INS, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
7	diabetic retinopathy	25.0	INS, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF1
8	obesity	24.8	INS, IL18R1, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3
9	growth hormone deficiency	24.6	INS, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF1
10	hyperandrogenism	24.4	INS, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
11	pituitary gland disease	13.5	IGF1, GH1
12	robinow syndrome	13.5	IGF1, GH1
13	pseudohypoparathyroidism type ia	13.5	IGF1, GH1
14	gonadal disease	13.4	IGF1, GH1
15	petrositis	13.4	IGF1, GH1
16	thyrotropin deficiency, isolated	13.4	IGF1, GH1
17	somatotrophinoma	13.4	IGF1, GH1
18	diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis	13.3	IGFBP3, IGF1
19	intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation	13.3	IGF2, IGF1
20	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	13.3	IGF1, GH1, GHR
21	functioning pituitary adenoma	13.3	IGF1, GH1, GHR
22	obstructive jaundice	13.2	IGF1, GH1, GHR
23	donohue syndrome	13.2	INS, IGF1
24	pituitary tumor	13.2	IGF1, GH1, GHR
25	sheehan syndrome	13.2	INS, IGF1
26	idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis	13.2	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
27	pituitary apoplexy	13.1	INS, GH1
28	transient neonatal diabetes mellitus	13.1	INS, IGF1
29	aromatase deficiency	13.1	INS, GH1
30	hypoadrenalism	13.1	INS, GH1
31	prostate disease	13.1	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
32	meninges hemangiopericytoma	13.1	IGF2, IGFBP3
33	hyperproinsulinemia	13.1	INS, IGFBP1
34	diabetic autonomic neuropathy	13.1	INS, IGF1
35	osteogenesis imperfecta	13.1	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
36	empty sella syndrome	13.1	INS, IGFBP3
37	hypersomnia	13.1	INS, GH1
38	hypoglycemic coma	13.1	INS, IGF2
39	hypothalamic hamartomas	13.1	INS, IGF1
40	siderosis	13.1	IGFBP3, IGF1
41	breast cyst	13.0	IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1
42	hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia	13.0	INS, IGF2
43	myelomeningocele	13.0	IGFBP3, IGF1
44	leptin deficiency	13.0	GH1, LSL
45	focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	13.0	IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1
46	scoliosis	13.0	IGF1, GH1, GHR
47	hemangiopericytoma	13.0	IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1
48	alexia	13.0	IGF2, IGF1
49	gastrinoma	13.0	INS, IGF1, GH1
50	adenomyosis	12.9	IL18R1, IGF2, GH1

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Genetic tests related to laron syndrome:

id	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Laron Syndrome clinical/research	GHR

MalaCards organs/tissues related to laron syndrome:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to laron syndrome:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	10.4	GHR
2	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	10.1	IGF2
3	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	9.3	INS, IGFBP1, GH1, GHR
4	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	9.1	INS, IGFBP2, GHR
5	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	8.8	ADIPOQ, STAT5B, GH1
6	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	8.7	ADIPOQ, STAT5B, GHR, IGFBP2
7	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	7.9	ADIPOQ, STAT5B, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3
8	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	7.4	INS, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGF1, GHR, SOAT1
9	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	7.0	ADIPOQ, SOAT1, STAT5B, GHR, GH1, IGF1

Articles related to laron syndrome:

(show top 50)    (show all 85)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	IGF-I replacement therapy in children with congenital IGF-I deficiency (Laron syndrome) maintains heart dimension and function. (19117781)	Scheinowitz M.... Laron Z.	2009	IGF1
2	Hand size and growth in untreated and IGF-I treated p atients with Laron syndrome. (19492579)	Konen O.... Laron Z.	2009	IGF1
3	IGF-I treatment of patients with Laron syndrome suppresses serum thrombopoietin levels but does not affect serum erythropoietin. (19021123)	Orit S.... Zvi L.	2009	IGF1
4	Abnormalities of the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton in adults with Laron syndrome (growth hormone insensitivity). (17992526)	Kornreich L.... Laron Z.	2008	IGF1
5	A novel growth hormone receptor gene deletion mutation in a patient with primary growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (Laron syndrome). (17728167)	Yamamoto H.... Kasayama S.	2008	IGF1
6	Nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with Laron syndrome and GH gene deletion - preliminary report. (18462969)	Laron Z.... Webb M.	2008	GH1
7	Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment of children with Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity). (18367997)	Laron Z.	2008	IGF1, GH1
8	Identification of a novel mutation in the human growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) in a patient with Laron syndrome. (17849745)	Gennero I.... El Kholy M.	2007	GHR
9	Obese adults with primary growth hormone resistance (Laron Syndrome) have normal endothelial function. (17320443)	Shechter M.... Laron Z.	2007	IGF1
10	Clinical features and growth hormone receptor gene mutations of patients with Laron syndrome from a Chinese family. (17706034)	Ying Y.Q.... Luo X.P.	2007	IGF1, IGFBP3, GHR
11	Foot length before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment of children with laron syndrome compared to human growth hormone treatment of children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. (18341092)	Silbergeld A.... Laron Z.	2007	IGF1, GH1
12	Development and biological function of the female gonads and genitalia in IGF-I deficiency -- Laron syndrome as a model. (16641857)	Laron Z.	2006	IGF1
13	Effect of alendronate on bone mineral density in adult patients with Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity). (16617031)	Eshed V.... Laron Z.	2006	IGF1
14	Final height in a patient with Laron syndrome after l ong-term therapy with rhlGF-I and short-term therapy with LHRH-analogue and oxa ndrolone during puberty. (15952414)	Zucchini S.... Cacciari E.	2005	IGF1
15	Novel growth hormone receptor mutation in a Chinese patient with Laron syndrome. (15751611)	Hui H.N.... Clark A.J.	2005	IGF1, IGFBP3, GHR
16	Primary GH insensitivity '(Laron syndrome) caused by a novel 4 kb deletion encompassing exon 5 of the GH receptor gene: effect of intermittent long-term treatment with recombinant human IGF-I. (15132718)	Besson A.... Mullis P.E.	2004	IGF1
17	Diabetic retinopathy in two patients with congenital IGF-I deficiency (Laron syndrome). (15248828)	Laron Z.... Weinberger D.	2004	IGF1
18	Heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 3 of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in severe GH insensitivity (Laron syndrome) and the issue of the origin and function of the GHRd3 isoform. (12679461)	Pantel J.... Amselem S.	2003	IGF1, GHR, GH1
19	Novel mutation involving the translation initiation codon of the growth hormone receptor gene (GHR) in a patient with Laron syndrome. (12199334)	Quinteiro C.... Pombo M.	2002	GHR
20	Craniofacial and brain abnormalities in Laron syndrom e (primary growth hormone insensitivity). (11916617)	Kornreich L.... Laron Z.	2002	IGF1
21	Severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in an adult patient with Laron syndrome. (11735241)	Dagan Y.... Laron Z.	2001	GHR
22	Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels during long-term IGF-I treatment of children and adults with primary GH resistance (Laron syndrome). (10392360)	Laron Z.... Silbergeld A.	1999	IGF1
23	Effect of insulin-like growth factor-I treatment on serum androgens and testicular and penile size in males with Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone resistance). (9506862)	Laron Z.... Klinger B.	1998	IGF1
24	Serum leptin in obese patients with Laron syndrome before and during IGF-I treatment. (9829217)	Laron Z.... Blum F.W.	1998	IGF1, GHR, LSL
25	Intronic mutation in the growth hormone (GH) receptor gene from a girl with Laron syndrome and extremely high serum GH binding protein: extended phenotypic study in a very large pedigree. (9388817)	Silbergeld A.... Laron Z.	1997	IGF1, IGFBP3, GHR
26	A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse). (9371826)	Zhou Y.... Kopchick J.J.	1997	IGF1, GHR
27	Human skin fibroblasts as a model of growth hormone (GH) action in GH receptor-positive Laron's syndrome. (8977385)	Freeth J.S.... Clayton P.E.	1997	GHR, GH1
28	Clinical, biochemical, and molecular investigations of a genetic isolate of growth hormone insensitivity (Laron's syndrome). (9024234)	Baumbach L.... Cleveland W.	1997	IGF1, GHR
29	Nine novel growth hormone receptor gene mutations in patients with Laron syndrome. (9024232)	Sobrier M.-L.... Amselem S.	1997	GHR, GH1
30	Muscle force and endurance in untreated and human growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-I-treated patients with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome. (9030966)	Brat O.... Laron Z.	1997	IGF1
31	Long-term effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I on serum IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3 and acid labile subunit in Laron syndrome patients with normal growth hormone binding protein. (9437227)	Kanety H.... Laron Z.	1997	IGF1, IGFBP3, GHR
32	Increased neutrophil insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor expression and IGF-I-induced functional capacity in patients with untreated Laron syndrome. (9037133)	Bjerknes R.... Aarskog D.	1997	IGF1
33	Insulin-like growth factor-I raises serum procollagen levels in children and adults with Laron syndrome. (8959080)	Klinger B.... Laron Z.	1996	IGF1
34	Insulin-like growth factor-I decreases serum lipoprotein (a) during long-term treatment of patients with Laron syndrome. (8843182)	Laron Z.... Wilcken D.E.	1996	IGF1
35	Growth hormone receptor deficiency (Laron syndrome) in black African siblings. (8658300)	Hopp M.... Vaccarello M.A.	1996	GHR
36	Severe growth hormone insensitivity (Laron syndrome) due to nonsense mutation of the GH receptor in brothers from Russia. (8521189)	Rosenbloom A.L.... Francke U.	1995	GHR
37	Three year IGF-I treatment of children with Laron syndrome. (8521188)	Klinger B.... Laron Z.	1995	IGF1
38	Serum growth hormone-binding protein (GHBP) activity is decreased by administration of insulin-like growth factor I in three Laron syndrome siblings with normal GHBP. (8016174)	Silbergeld A.... Laron Z.	1994	IGF1, GHR
39	Laron syndrome: clinical features, molecular pathology and treatment. (7868073)	Laron Z.... Klinger B.	1994	IGF1, GHR
40	Renal function in Laron syndrome patients treated by insulin-like growth factor-I. (7696105)	Klinger B.... Laron Z.	1994	IGF1
41	Facial morphometry of Ecuadorian patients with growth hormone receptor deficiency/Laron syndrome. (7815422)	Schaefer G.B.... Frias J.L.	1994	GHR
42	A single amino acid substitution in the exoplasmic domain of the human growth hormone (GH) receptor confers familial GH resistance (Laron syndrome) with positive GH-binding activity by abolishing receptor homodimerization. (8137822)	Duquesnoy P.... Amselem S.	1994	GHR
43	Modulation of insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) binding sites on erythrocytes by IGF-I treatment in patients with Laron syndrome (LS). (8265812)	Eshet R.... Laron Z.	1993	IGF1
44	Growth curves for Laron syndrome. (8333769)	Laron Z.... Klinger B.	1993	IGF1
45	Amino acid substitutions in the intracellular part of the growth hormone receptor in a patient with the Laron syndrome. (8421103)	Kou K.... Rotwein P.	1993	GHR
46	Hormonal and metabolic effects and pharmacokinetics of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I in growth hormone receptor deficiency/Laron syndrome. (7686916)	Vaccarello M.A.... Rosenfeld R.G.	1993	IGF1, GHR, IGFBP2
47	Effects of 17 months treatment using recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I in two children with growth hormone insensitivity (Laron) syndrome. (8334752)	Heinrichs C.... Bourguignon J.P.	1993	IGF1
48	The effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I treatment on growth hormone secretion in two subjects with growth hormone insensitivity (Laron syndrome). (7688671)	Cotterill A.M.... Savage M.O.	1993	IGF1
49	Diverse growth hormone receptor gene mutations in Laron syndrome. (8488849)	Berg M.A.... Francke U.	1993	GHR
50	Growth hormone receptor deficiency (Laron syndrome): clinical and genetic characteristics. (1785320)	Guevara-Aguirre J.... Rosenfeld R.G.	1991	GHR

Genes related to laron syndrome according to GeneCards:

(show all 14)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	GHR	growth hormone receptor	11.1	Summaries, Publications
2	IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)	11.0	Publications
3	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	Publications
4	STAT5B	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B	11.0	Functions, Publications
5	IL18R1	interleukin 18 receptor 1	11.0
6	SOAT1	sterol O-acyltransferase 1	11.0
7	IGFBP1	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	11.0
8	IGFBP3	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	11.0	Publications
9	IGF2	insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)	11.0
10	VGLL3	vestigial like 3 (Drosophila)	11.0
11	IGFBP2	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, 36kDa	11.0	Publications
12	LSL	Leptin, serum levels of	11.0	Publications
13	ADIPOQ	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	11.0	Publications
14	INS	insulin	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to laron syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 17)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	JNK Pathway36	9.9	IL18R1
2	Transcription_Receptor-mediated HIF regulation41	9.6	IGF1, IGFBP3, INS
3	Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation10	9.5	IGF1, IGFBP3, INS
4	Selected targets of GCR-alpha10	9.5	INS, IGFBP1, GHR
5	Growth Hormone Signaling36	9.3	IGF2, IGF1, GH1, GHR, STAT5B
6	TGF-Beta Pathway36	9.3	IL18R1, IGF2, IGF1, GH1
7	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	9.3	STAT5B, GH1, IGF1, IGF2
8	MAPK Family Pathway36	9.2	IL18R1, IGF2, IGF1, GH1
9	mTOR Pathway36	9.2	INS, IGF2, IGF1, GH1
10	Tec Kinases Signaling36	9.2	STAT5B, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL18R1
11	eIF2 Pathway36	9.2	GH1, IGF1, IGF2, INS
12	Disease38	9.2	IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF1
13	GPCR Pathway36	9.2	STAT5B, GH1, IGF1, IGF2
14	p70S6K Signaling36	9.1	GH1, IGF1, IGF2, INS
15	JAK-STAT Pathway36	9.0	STAT5B, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL18R1
16	Development IGF-RI signaling10	8.9	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, IGF2, IGFBP1
17	Development_IGF-1 receptor signaling41	8.9	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, IGF2, IGFBP1

Compounds related to laron syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 148)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	estradiol32 9 18 9	13.5	IGFBP1
2	bromocriptine32 9 9	12.2	GH1
3	glucose32	10.2	IL18R1, IGF2
4	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	13.5	SOAT1, GHR, GH1, IGFBP2
5	lanreotide32	9.3	IGFBP1, GH1, GHR, IGFBP3, IGF1
6	ly29400232	9.3	STAT5B, IL18R1, ADIPOQ
7	oxandrolone32 9 9	11.3	INS, IGF1, GH1, IGFBP3
8	pegvisomant32 9 9	11.0	GHR, IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IGFBP1, GH1
9	clomiphene citrate32	9.0	INS, IGFBP1, IGF1, GH1, IGFBP3
10	progestin32	8.6	IGFBP2, IGF2, ADIPOQ, IGFBP1
11	progestins32	8.6	GH1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, IGF2, IGFBP1, IL18R1
12	deoxypyridinoline32	8.5	LSL, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3
13	testosterone32 9 18 9	11.5	IGFBP1, IGFBP2, GHR, SOAT1, IGFBP3, LSL
14	triiodothyronine32	8.3	IGFBP3, LSL, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP1
15	acipimox32	8.3	IGF1, GH1, LSL, ADIPOQ, INS
16	c-peptide32	8.3	IGF2, IGFBP2, GHR, LSL, ADIPOQ
17	procollagen32	8.3	GH1, GHR, LSL, IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2
18	ribonucleic acid32	8.2	IGF1, GHR, GH1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF2
19	rapamycin32 42	9.2	IL18R1, INS, STAT5B, SOAT1, ADIPOQ, IGF2
20	calcitriol32 42 9 18 9	12.1	IGF1, GHR, IL18R1, GH1, IGFBP1, IGFBP2
21	prednisolone32 9 9	10.0	IGFBP3, GH1, IGFBP2, LSL, IL18R1, IGF2
22	metformin32 34 9 9	10.9	INS, IGFBP1, IGF1, GH1, LSL, ADIPOQ
23	creatinine32	7.9	GH1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GHR, LSL
24	thymidine32 18	8.8	IGF1, GH1, IGFBP2, GHR, IL18R1, IGF2
25	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	10.8	IGFBP3, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGF1, GH1, GHR
26	gnrh32	7.7	LSL, GHR, GH1, IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3
27	cycloheximide32	7.7	IGFBP1, IGFBP2, GH1, SOAT1, IGF2, IGFBP3
28	dihydrotestosterone32 9 18 9	10.6	IGFBP3, IGFBP2, IGF1, GH1, GHR, ADIPOQ
29	p00232	7.5	STAT5B, LSL, IGFBP2, IGF2, IGFBP1, ADIPOQ
30	rosiglitazone32 9 18 9	10.4	ADIPOQ, LSL, GH1, IGFBP3, IGFBP1, INS
31	acth32	7.3	IGF1, GH1, LSL, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, IGF2
32	estrone32 9 18 9	10.3	IGFBP2, IGFBP3, GH1, LSL, ADIPOQ, IGF1
33	fatty acid32	7.2	INS, IGFBP1, GH1, GHR, LSL, STAT5B
34	steroid32	7.2	GHR, SOAT1, LSL, IGFBP2, IGF2, IL18R1
35	vegf32	7.2	IL18R1, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, IGF1
36	hydrocortisone32 9 9	9.1	LSL, IGF2, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP2, IGFBP1
37	octreotide32 42 9 9	10.1	INS, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, GHR
38	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate32	7.0	ADIPOQ, LSL, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3
39	phosphatidylinositol32	7.0	IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGF2, GHR, STAT5B, SOAT1
40	dhea32	6.8	IGF1, GH1, LSL, ADIPOQ, IGFBP3, IGFBP2
41	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	10.7	IGF2, IGFBP1, IL18R1, ADIPOQ, SOAT1, LSL
42	retinoic acid32 42 18	8.7	ADIPOQ, STAT5B, SOAT1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2, GH1
43	cholesterol32 9 18 9	9.7	ADIPOQ, IGFBP1, IGF1, IGFBP3, INS, GHR
44	androstenedione32 18	7.5	IGFBP1, INS, LSL, IGF2, IGFBP2, ADIPOQ
45	thyroxine32 18	7.5	INS, IGFBP1, ADIPOQ, LSL, GHR, GH1
46	heparin32 9 18 9	9.5	ADIPOQ, LSL, GH1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IGFBP2
47	alanine32	6.3	LSL, IL18R1, GH1, IGFBP3, ADIPOQ, IGFBP1
48	serine32	6.1	IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2, GH1, IGFBP3, IGF1
49	arginine32	5.9	ADIPOQ, SOAT1, LSL, GHR, GH1, IGF1
50	estrogen32	5.6	IGFBP3, INS, IL18R1, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP2

Cellular components related to laron syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex	GO:016942	9.8	IGFBP3, IGF1
2	extracellular space	GO:005615	6.6	INS, ADIPOQ, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3
3	extracellular region	GO:005576	6.4	ADIPOQ, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3, IGFBP2

Biological processes related to laron syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 37)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	isoleucine metabolic process	GO:006549	10.3	STAT5B, GHR
2	allantoin metabolic process	GO:000255	10.3	STAT5B, GHR
3	creatinine metabolic process	GO:046449	10.3	STAT5B, GHR
4	taurine metabolic process	GO:019530	10.3	STAT5B, GHR
5	valine metabolic process	GO:006573	10.2	STAT5B, GHR
6	succinate metabolic process	GO:006105	10.2	STAT5B, GHR
7	citrate metabolic process	GO:006101	10.2	STAT5B, GHR
8	growth hormone receptor signaling pathway	GO:060396	10.2	GHR, GH1
9	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein	GO:042523	10.1	IGF1, GH1, GHR
10	regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040014	10.1	STAT5B, GHR, IGF1
11	JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway	GO:060397	10.1	STAT5B, GHR, GH1
12	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040018	10.1	STAT5B, GHR, GH1
13	creatine metabolic process	GO:006600	10.1	STAT5B, GHR
14	JAK-STAT cascade	GO:007259	10.0	STAT5B, GHR, GH1
15	oxaloacetate metabolic process	GO:006107	10.0	GHR, STAT5B
16	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:043568	10.0	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
17	2-oxoglutarate metabolic process	GO:006103	10.0	GHR, STAT5B
18	positive regulation of glycolysis	GO:045821	9.8	IGF1, INS
19	positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:046628	9.8	IGF2, INS
20	cellular response to hormone stimulus	GO:032870	9.8	STAT5B, GHR, IGFBP2
21	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade	GO:014068	9.8	INS, IGF1, GH1
22	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	GO:045725	9.7	IGF1, IGF2, INS
23	insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:048009	9.7	IGF1, GHR
24	positive regulation of mitosis	GO:045840	9.7	IGF1, IGF2, INS
25	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade	GO:051897	9.6	IGF1, IGF2, INS
26	positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity	GO:2000467	9.6	ADIPOQ, IGF2
27	regulation of glucose metabolic process	GO:010906	9.6	ADIPOQ, IGFBP3
28	response to estradiol stimulus	GO:032355	9.6	STAT5B, GHR, GH1, IGFBP2
29	negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	GO:014912	9.5	ADIPOQ, IGFBP3
30	negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	GO:045721	9.4	ADIPOQ, INS
31	positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	GO:042104	9.4	STAT5B, IGF1, IGFBP2, IGF2
32	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	9.3	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, INS
33	positive regulation of glucose import	GO:046326	9.3	ADIPOQ, IGF1, INS
34	positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process	GO:032270	9.1	INS, ADIPOQ
35	response to glucocorticoid stimulus	GO:051384	9.1	IGFBP2, GHR, ADIPOQ
36	glucose metabolic process	GO:006006	8.6	ADIPOQ, IGF2, INS
37	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	8.4	INS, IGF2, IGF1, GH1, GHR, ADIPOQ

Molecular functions related to laron syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	insulin-like growth factor I binding	GO:031994	9.6	IGFBP2, IGFBP3
2	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:005159	9.3	IGF1, IGF2, INS
3	insulin-like growth factor II binding	GO:031995	9.3	IGFBP2, IGFBP3
4	insulin receptor binding	GO:005158	9.2	INS, IGF2, IGF1
5	hormone activity	GO:005179	8.3	INS, IGF2, IGF1, GH1, ADIPOQ