MCID: LRN003

Learning Disability malady

Summaries for Learning Disability

Sources:
6Disease Ontology, 23MedlinePlus, 31NINDS, 44Wikipedia, 22MalaCards
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MedlinePlus: Learning disorders affect how a person understands, remembers and responds to new information. people with learning disorders may have problems listening or paying attention speaking reading or writing doing math although learning disorders occur in very young children, they are usually not recognized until the child reaches school age. about one-third of children who have learning disabilities also have adhd, which makes it hard to focus. evaluation and testing by a trained professional can help identify a learning disorder. the next step is special education, which involves helping your child in the areas where he or she needs the most help. sometimes tutors or speech or language therapists also work with the children. learning disorders do not go away, but strategies to work around them can make them less of a problem. nih: national institute of neurological disorders and stroke23

MalaCards: Learning Disability, also known as learning disorders, is related to tourette syndrome and neurofibromatosis. An important gene associated with Learning Disability is GSC2 (goosecoid homeobox 2), and among its related pathways are Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction) and Neuroscience. The compounds skf 86466 hydrochloride and b-ht 933 dihydrochloride have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, and related mouse phenotypes are renal/urinary system and respiratory system.

Disease Ontology: A specific developmental disorder that involves difficulty in scholastic skills such as reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information resulting from the brain's inability to receive and process information.6

NINDS: Learning disabilities are disorders that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, do mathematical calculations, coordinate movements, or direct attention. Although learning disabilities occur in very young children, the disorders are usually not recognized until the child reaches school age. Research shows that 8 to 10 percent of American children under 18 years of age have some type of learning disability.31

Wikipedia: Learning disability is a classification including several areas of functioning in which a person has...44 more...

Aliases & Descriptions for Learning Disability

Sources:
6Disease Ontology, 44Wikipedia, 17Genetics Home Reference, 31NINDS, 8DISEASES, 32Novoseek , 23MedlinePlus, 43UMLS, 40SNOMED-CT, 24MeSH
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Aliases & Descriptions:

learning disability 6 8
learning disorders 44 17 32 23 43
learning disabilities 31 43
academic skill disorder 6
learning disorder 6

Related Diseases for Learning Disability

Sources:
13GeneCards, 14GeneDecks
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Diseases related to learning disability by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 89)
idRelated DiseaseScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1tourette syndrome28.7TTF2, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH
2neurofibromatosis28.1TSC1, NF1, OMG
3attention deficit hyperactivity disorder27.8FMR1, MECP2, TTF2, DBH, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
4ischemia26.8SLC2A1, CNTF, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, SLC17A5, ALDH5A1
5intellectual disability26.6FMR1, MECP2, ALDH5A1, PTCHD1, TBX1, NF1
6schizophrenia23.5GNPTAB, ALDH5A1, MASP1, MAPT, MECP2, FMR1
7neuronitis21.9TSC1, ADRA2C, ADRA2A, SLC2A1, SLC17A5, PF4
8michels syndrome13.5COLEC11, MASP1
9adrenal medulla cancer13.4PHOX2B, MYCN
10saethre-chotzen syndrome13.2SNX13, TWISTNB, FERD3L
11gilles de la tourette syndrome13.1TTF2, DBH, ADRA2A
12x inactivation12.9FAM123B, MECP2, ARSE, FMR1
13neurocirculatory asthenia12.8DBH, PF4, FBN1
14growth mental deficiency syndrome of myhre12.8MECP2, TTF2, TSC1, DBH
15retinal disease12.8CNTF, BBS5, FGF2, TTC8
16craniosynostosis12.7FGF2, COLEC11, MASP1, FBN1
17autism spectrum disorder12.6TSC1, PTCHD1, DBH, ADRA2A, MECP2
18autistic disorder12.6TSC1, FMR1, IQCB1, MECP2, PTCHD1
19movement disease12.6SLC2A1, FMR1, MAPT
20sleep apnea12.5SLC17A5, ADRA2A, FMR1, PHOX2B, PF4
21ganglioneuroma12.5TSC1, NF1, MYCN
22apnea12.5ADRA2A, PHOX2B, FMR1, PF4, SLC17A5
23autonomic dysfunction12.5MAPT, MECP2, PHOX2B
24recessive developmental delay, small stature, microcephaly and brain calcifications12.4FMR1, ALDH5A1, SLC2A1, TSC1, MECP2
25alcoholism12.3MAPT, DBH, SLC17A5, TTF2
26short stature12.2FMR1, NF1, GNPTAB, FBN1, ARSE
27epilepsy syndrome12.2TSC1, SLC2A1, DBH, ALDH5A1, MECP2, FMR1
28bilirubin metabolic disorder12.2TTF2, ALDH5A1, SLC2A1, TSC1, DBH
29hydrocephalus12.1MAPT, IQCB1, TSC1, NF1
30giant cell tumor12.0TTF2, NF1, FGF2, TSC1
31aicardi-goutieres syndrome11.9SLC2A1, TTF2, MAPT, SLC17A5, MECP2
32brain cancer11.8SLC2A1, MYCN, NF1, CNTF, TSC1, FGF2
33cadasil11.7PF4, NF1, SLC2A1, TTF2, MAPT, CNTF
34prion disease11.7DBH, FGF2, PF4, MAPT, MECP2
35dementia11.5MAPT, FMR1, ADRA2C, SLC17A5, DBH, TTF2
36mental retardation syndrome11.1FMR1, MECP2, FBN1, ALDH5A1, TBX1, NF1
37retinitis11.1MYCN, OMG, BBS5, IQCB1, DBH, TSC1
38blindness11.1ADRA2C, SLC17A5, TTC8, CNTF, FGF2, MAPT
39seizures11.1MAPT, SLC2A1, TSC1, MECP2, FGF2, FMR1
40mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome10.9MECP2, FBN1, FMR1, MAPT, ALDH5A1, TBX1
41twinning10.8SLC2A1, SNX13, MECP2, FMR1, MYCN, NF1
42malignant glioma10.8CNTF, MYCN, FGF2, TTF2, NF1, TSC1
43diabetes mellitus10.6PF4, TTF2, TTC8, PHOX2B, MAPT, FBN1
44neuroblastoma10.4NF1, PHOX2B, MAPT, FGF2, CNTF, TTF2
45hypertension10.2NF1, PF4, TTF2, TTC8, TSC1, ADRA2C
46alzheimer's disease9.8SLC17A5, ADRA2C, CNTF, FGF2, ADRA2A, DBH
47cerebritis9.5ADRA2A, SLC2A1, TSC1, MECP2, MAPT, ALDH5A1
48adenocarcinoma9.1TSC1, TTF2, PF4, NF1, PSAP, NPAS3
49leukemia8.7PF4, CNTF, SLC17A5, SLC2A1, DBH, PSAP
50epilepsy, x-linked, with variable learning disabilities and behavior disorders7.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to learning disability:



Graphical network of diseases related to learning disability

Clinical Features for Learning Disability

Drugs & Therapeutics for Learning Disability

Sources:
4CenterWatch, 29NIH Clinical Center, 5ClinicalTrials, 43UMLS, 28NDF-RT
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Approved drugs:

Search CenterWatch for learning disability

Drug clinical trials:

Search ClinicalTrials for learning disability

Search NIH Clinical Center for learning disability

Search CenterWatch for learning disability

Genetic Tests for Learning Disability

Anatomical Context for Learning Disability

Sources:
22MalaCards
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MalaCards organs/tissues related to learning disability:

22
Brain

Phenotypes for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
25MGI
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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to learning disability:

25 (show all 13)
idDescriptionMGI Source AccessionScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1renal/urinary system phenotypeMP:00053677.2PSAP, TSC1, TTC8, NF1, ALDH5A1, MAPT
2respiratory system phenotypeMP:00053887.2NPAS3, PSAP, TSC1, TTC8, NF1, PHOX2B
3embryogenesis phenotypeMP:00053807.0NF1, TSC1, SLC2A1, ADRA2C, ADRA2A, SNX13
4normal phenotypeMP:00028737.0OMG, PSAP, NF1, PHOX2B, TBX1, MAPT
5vision/eye phenotypeMP:00053916.9TTC8, PSAP, DBH, SLC17A5, NF1, PHOX2B
6muscle phenotypeMP:00053696.8TBX1, NF1, TSC1, PSAP, ALDH5A1, MAPT
7cardiovascular system phenotypeMP:00053856.3TSC1, PSAP, DBH, NPAS3, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
8cellular phenotypeMP:00053845.3TBX1, PHOX2B, NF1, TTC8, TSC1, SLC2A1
9homeostasis/metabolism phenotypeMP:00053764.6TSC1, PSAP, DBH, OMG, NPAS3, SLC2A1
10nervous system phenotypeMP:00036314.6CNTF, TTC8, TSC1, SYN1, DBH, NPAS3
11behavior/neurological phenotypeMP:00053864.3NF1, TSC1, SYN1, PSAP, DBH, NPAS3
12growth/size phenotypeMP:00053784.1PHOX2B, NF1, TTC8, TSC1, PSAP, DBH
13mortality/agingMP:00107684.0TTC8, TSC1, PSAP, DBH, NPAS3, SLC2A1

Publications for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
35PubMed
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Articles related to learning disability:

(show all 12)
idTitleAuthorsYearAffiliating Genes
1Learning disability and oligodendrocyte myelin glycop rotein (OMGP) gene in neurofibromatosis type 1. (21534343)Terzi Y.K.... Ayter S.2011OMG
2Semi-dominant X-chromosome linked learning disability with progressive ataxia, spasticity and dystonia associated with the novel MEC P2 variant p.V122A: akin to the new MECP2 duplication syndrome? (19592282)McWilliam C.... Tolmie J.L.2010MECP2
3A nonverbal learning disability in a case of central hypoventilation syndrome without a PHOX2B gene mutation. (19813116)Trobliger R.... Higgins J.J.2010PHOX2B
4Microdeletion encompassing MAPT at chromosome 17q21.3 is associated with developmental delay and learning disability. (16906163)Shaw-Smith C.... Carter N.P.2006MAPT
5Disruption of a brain transcription factor, NPAS3, is associated with schizophrenia and learning disability. (15924306)Pickard B.S.... Muir W.J.2005NPAS3
6A familial contiguous gene deletion syndrome at Xp22.3 characterized by severe learning disabilities and ADHD. (12955766)Boycott K.M.... MacLeod P.M.2003ARSE
7Learning disability and epilepsy in an epidemiological sample of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex. (12622312)Joinson C.... Bolton P.F.2003TSC1
8Additive effect of three noradrenergic genes (ADRA2a, ADRA2C, DBH) on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities in Tourette syndrome subjects. (10334470)Comings D.E.... MacMurray J.P.1999DBH, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
9Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents ischemia-induced learning disability and neuronal loss in gerbils. (7659291)Wen T.C.... Sakanaka M.1995CNTF
10Protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor-heparin and neurotoxic effect of platelet factor 4 on ischemic neuronal loss and learning disability in gerbils. (7777164)Wen T.C.... Sakanaka M.1995FGF2, PF4
11Protection by prosaposin against ischemia-induced learning disability and neuronal loss. (7980569)Sano A.... Sakanaka M.1994PSAP
12Factorial structure of the Waterloo Handedness Questi onnaire for control and learning-disabled adults. (1452639)Obrzut J.E.... Cannon G.E.1992TTF2

Expression for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
1BioGPS
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Expression patterns in normal tissues for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Pathways for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
34PharmGKB, 3Cell Signaling Technology
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Pathways related to learning disability according to GeneDecks:

idPathwayScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction)349.9DBH, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
2Neuroscience38.3MYCN, FMR1, MECP2, MAPT, SYN1, DBH

Compounds for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
42Tocris Bioscience, 32Novoseek , 34PharmGKB, 9DrugBank, 18HMDB
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Compounds related to learning disability according to GeneDecks:

(show all 32)
idCompoundScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1skf 86466 hydrochloride42 10.4ADRA2A, ADRA2C
2b-ht 933 dihydrochloride42 10.4ADRA2A, ADRA2C
3medetomidine hydrochloride42 10.4ADRA2A, ADRA2C
4nicotine32 34 9 9 13.3SLC17A5
5Bethanidine9 9 11.3ADRA2C, ADRA2A
6tizanidine32 9 9 12.2ADRA2C, ADRA2A
7tecogalan sodium32 10.2FGF2, PF4
8Xylometazoline9 9 11.1ADRA2C, ADRA2A
9catecholamine32 9.8ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH, MYCN, CNTF
10clonidine32 9 9 11.7ADRA2A, ADRA2C, DBH, FGF2
11olanzapine32 34 9 18 9 13.6ADRA2A, ADRA2C, SLC17A5, SLC2A1
12risperidone32 34 9 18 9 13.6ADRA2A, ADRA2C, SLC17A5
13choline32 9 18 9 12.6ADRA2A, PSAP, MAPT, CNTF
14cerebrolysin32 9.4FGF2, SLC2A1
15norepinephrine32 9 18 9 12.2ADRA2A, ADRA2C, SLC17A5, DBH, PF4, PHOX2B
16gaba32 42 10.1SLC2A1, DBH, ALDH5A1, MECP2, FMR1, CNTF
17verapamil32 34 9 18 9 13.1SLC17A5, SLC2A1, PF4, FGF2
18valproate32 9.0SLC17A5, SLC2A1, MAPT, MECP2
19ascorbic acid32 18 9.6SLC17A5, SLC2A1, DBH, FBN1, FGF2, CNTF
20forskolin32 42 9 9 11.6ADRA2C, SLC2A1, DBH, NF1, FMR1, CNTF
21nacl32 8.3SLC17A5, DBH, PSAP, PF4, NF1, MAPT
22heparin32 9 18 9 11.1SLC17A5, SLC2A1, TTF2, PF4, MAPT, FBN1
23paraffin32 8.0SLC2A1, TSC1, NF1, MAPT, FGF2, MYCN
24glucose32 8.0ADRA2A, SLC17A5, SLC2A1, DBH, PSAP, TSC1
25testosterone32 9 18 9 11.0ADRA2A, SLC17A5, PSAP, MAPT, MECP2, FMR1
26dopamine32 9 18 9 10.7ADRA2A, ADRA2C, SLC2A1, DBH, PF4, NF1
27cysteine32 7.5ADRA2A, SLC2A1, DBH, PSAP, TTF2, PF4
28arginine32 7.5PSAP, PF4, NF1, ALDH5A1, MAPT, FBN1
29glutamate32 7.3ADRA2A, SLC17A5, SLC2A1, DBH, ALDH5A1, MAPT
30serine32 6.7SLC2A1, DBH, PSAP, TSC1, TTF2, NF1
31tyrosine32 6.3PSAP, DBH, SLC2A1, SLC17A5, ADRA2C, ADRA2A
32alanine32 6.0CNTF, SLC17A5, SLC2A1, DBH, TSC1, TTF2

GO Terms for genes affiliated with Learning Disability

Sources:
12Gene Ontology
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Biological processes related to learning disability according to GeneDecks:

(show all 9)
idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1activation of MAPK activity by adrenergic receptor signaling pathwayGO:07188310.3ADRA2C, ADRA2A
2epidermal growth factor-activated receptor transactivation by G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathwayGO:03562510.2ADRA2A, ADRA2C
3muscle organ morphogenesisGO:04864410.1CNTF, TBX1
4regulation of retinal cell programmed cell deathGO:04666810.0CNTF, FGF2
5negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionGO:01070010.0ADRA2C, ADRA2A
6fear responseGO:04259610.0DBH, ADRA2A
7negative regulation of epinephrine secretionGO:0328119.8ADRA2C, ADRA2A
8social behaviorGO:0351769.8MECP2, TBX1, DBH
9visual learningGO:0085429.2DBH, NF1, MECP2

Molecular functions related to learning disability according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1epinephrine bindingGO:05137910.1ADRA2C, ADRA2A
2alpha2-adrenergic receptor activityGO:0049389.8ADRA2C, ADRA2A

Sources for Learning Disability

2CDC
11FMA
18HMDB
19ICD9CM
20KEGG
24MeSH
25MGI
27NCIt
28NDF-RT
31NINDS
32Novoseek
33OMIM
35PubMed
36QIAGEN
43UMLS