Leukoplakia malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Leukoplakia is a condition in which thickened, white patches form on the tongue, gums, inside of the cheek, or sometimes on the outer female genitals. Although the sores can vary in appearance, they are usually white or gray; thick; and slightly raised with a hard surface. The condition is thought to be caused by irritation, but the cause is not always known. Tobacco is considered to be the main cause of its development in the mouth. Most patches are benign, but a small percentage show early signs of cancer. Removing the source of irritation may cause the condition to go away, but surgery to remove the sore(s) may be necessary in some cases.³⁰

MalaCards: Leukoplakia is related to squamous cell carcinoma and dyskeratosis congenita. An important gene associated with Leukoplakia is DKC1 (dyskeratosis congenita 1, dyskerin), and among its related pathways are Signal transduction_PTEN pathway and Transcription P53 signaling pathway. The compounds vincristine and egcg have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include small intestine, b cells and tongue, and related mouse phenotypes are respiratory system and craniofacial.

Wikipedia: Leukoplakia is a condition where patches of keratosis appear as adherent white patches on the mucous...⁴⁴ more...

leukoplakia 30 32 43

Diseases related to leukoplakia by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 642)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	squamous cell carcinoma	32.0	MKI67, GSTP1, CCND1, TP73, CYP2E1, ODC1
2	dyskeratosis congenita	29.6	TERC, TERT, DKC1
3	hereditary mucosal leukokeratosis	28.7	PCNA, RARB, MKI67, GSTM1, IFI27, TP63
4	lichen planus	28.7	PCNA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN2A, IVL, ITGA2
5	oral submucous fibrosis	28.1	PCNA, MMP2, GSTM1, GSTT1, TP53, NOS2
6	oral lichen planus	27.7	PCNA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN2A, ITGA2, MMP2
7	nevus	26.8	PCNA, BCL2, CDKN2A, MKI67, FLG, CCND1
8	papilloma	23.7	PCNA, RARA, RARB, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B
9	oral cancer	22.6	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, BCL2
10	oral squamous cell carcinoma	21.8	PCNA, RARA, RARB, BCL2, CHKA, BAG1
11	carcinoma	18.8	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, BCL2
12	fibrosis	18.2	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARA, BCL2, BAX
13	laryngitis	17.8	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARB, BCL2, BAG1
14	anaplastic plasmacytoma	13.9	PCNA, MKI67, IFI27, HSPB1, TP63
15	inverted papilloma	13.9	PCNA, CDKN1B, MKI67, IFI27, KRT13
16	epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma	13.9	PCNA, TP63, KRT14
17	ehlers-danlos syndrome	13.8	XRCC1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, ERCC2, TNC
18	bladder urothelial papillary carcinoma	13.8	MKI67, GSTP1, IFI27, TP53
19	centrocytic lymphoma	13.8	BCL2, MKI67, CCND1
20	dermoid cyst	13.8	FLG, TP63, ODC1
21	porphyria cutanea tarda	13.7	GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1
22	sclerosing adenosis of breast	13.7	MKI67, ERBB2, TP53
23	maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma	13.7	PCNA, BAX, GSTP1, IFI27, TP53
24	acanthoma	13.7	PCNA, IVL, KRT1, KRT10
25	periampullary adenocarcinoma	13.7	BAX, CDKN1B, CCND1
26	central neurocytoma	13.7	PCNA, BCL2, MKI67, TP53
27	alcoholic pancreatitis	13.7	NAT2, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, CYP2E1, KRT8
28	lung giant cell carcinoma	13.7	PCNA, CDKN2A, MMP2, NME1
29	myoepithelioma	13.7	PCNA, TP53, TP63, NOS2, KRT14
30	rosacea	13.7	GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, EGF
31	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	13.7	NAT2, XRCC1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, CYP2E1
32	diabetic polyneuropathy	13.7	GSTM1, GSTT1, TP53, NOS2
33	pituitary carcinoma	13.7	PCNA, MGMT, ERBB2, TP53
34	mesenchymal cell neoplasm	13.7	PCNA, B3GAT1, CCND1
35	retinal ischemia	13.7	PCNA, BAX, HSPB1, NOS2
36	recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa	13.7	CDKN2A, IVL, FLG, TP53, KRT1
37	gastrointestinal lymphoma	13.7	BCL2, CCND1, IFI27, TP53
38	nodular melanoma	13.7	CDKN2A, MKI67, CCND1, TP53
39	hidradenitis suppurativa	13.7	CYP1A1, KRT8, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14
40	hidradenitis	13.7	CYP1A1, KRT8, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14
41	birth defects	13.7	TP63, CYP2E1, CTNNB1, TGFA
42	renal oncocytoma	13.6	PCNA, CCND1, TP53, KRT8, KRT14
43	drug-induced hepatitis	13.6	NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP2E1, EGFR, CP
44	epidermolytic hyperkeratosis	13.6	IVL, FLG, KRT1, KRT10
45	cavernous hemangioma of face	13.6	MKI67, TP63, KRT19, TGFA
46	diffuse gastric cancer	13.6	GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, ERCC2, ERBB2, CTNNB1
47	invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma	13.6	IFI27, ERBB2, TP53, EGFR
48	bladder squamous cell carcinoma	13.6	S100A7, KRT10, KRT14
49	natural killer cell leukemia	13.6	BCL2, B3GAT1, TP53
50	bullous keratopathy	13.6	ITGB1, MMP2, TP53, TNC

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to leukoplakia:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to leukoplakia:

²⁵ (show all 29)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	10.1	DKC1, TP63, BRCA1
2	craniofacial phenotype	MP:0005382	10.0	TP73, FLG, KRT10
3	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	9.9	BRCA1, CDKN1B, TP63, WWOX
4	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	9.6	CYP2E1, EGFR, WWOX, TP53, BAG1, CHKA
5	other phenotype	MP:0005395	9.2	COL4A1, RARA, NME1, RARB, CDKN2A, ITGB1
6	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	9.0	BAX, CDKN1B, ITGB1, FLG, TP73, CTNNB1
7	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	8.5	GSTM1, MDM2, TNC, ERCC2, TP73, XRCC1
8	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	8.5	DKC1, DNMT1, TINF2, MGMT, EGFR, KRT19
9	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	8.4	TERT, DNMT1, DKC1, OGG1, WNT3, BRCA1
10	pigmentation phenotype	MP:0001186	8.4	ITGB1, MDM2, ERCC2, TP53, TERC, CTNNB1
11	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	8.1	CCND1, MMP9, MMP2, ITGB1, CDKN2A, RARB
12	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	7.9	ESR1, ITGB1, BRCA1, TP63, CTNNB1, COL4A1
13	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	7.9	KRT19, TP63, XRCC1, CDK2AP1, MDM2, ERBB2
14	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	7.9	TERC, TP53, ERCC2, CDKN1B, BCL2, BRCA1
15	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	7.8	PDPN, BRCA1, RARA, MSH2, DKC1, EGFR
16	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	7.8	RARA, NOS2, WWOX, KRT8, KRT19, KRT14
17	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	7.6	COL4A1, PCNA, NME1, DKC1, DNMT1, KRT8
18	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	7.3	TERC, EGFR, WNT3, CTNNB1, TP63, ERBB2
19	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	7.2	BRCA1, RARB, BAG1, XRCC1, CDKN1B, CDK2AP1
20	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	6.9	TNC, TP73, ERCC2, CCND1, MDM2, MMP2
21	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.6	NOS2, COL4A1, RARA, BRCA1, TP63, CTNNB1
22	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	6.0	ERCC2, ESR1, CCND1, MDM2, MMP9, MMP2
23	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	5.9	KRT14, EGF, EGFR, TGFA, TGM3, DNMT1
24	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	5.9	PDPN, CP, TP63, COL4A1, KRT8, KRT19
25	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	5.8	RARB, WNT3, NME1, DKC1, DNMT1, DNMT3A
26	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	5.0	TP73, TGFA, DNMT1, EGFR, EGF, TERC
27	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	3.8	XRCC1, MSH2, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, ITGB1, MMP2
28	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	3.5	MMP9, CTNNB1, NAT2, BRCA1, MMP2, ITGB1
29	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	3.2	ITGA2, ITGB1, MMP9, MLH1, FLG, GSTM1

Articles related to leukoplakia:

(show top 50)    (show all 81)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Immunohistochemical expression of DNA methyltransfera ses 1, 3a and 3b in oral leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas. (20951977)	Daniel F.I.... Salum F.G.	2010	DNMT1, DNMT3A
2	Podoplanin expression in oral squamous cell carcinom a and leukoplakia and its correlation with lymph vessels density (19961757)	Zhang G.... Gao Y.	2009	PDPN
3	Effect of polymorphisms in XRCC1, CCND1 and GSTM1 and tobacco exposure as risk modifier for oral leukoplakia. (19634112)	Yadav B.K.... Ralhan R.	2009	CCND1, GSTM1, XRCC1
4	Polymorphisms at p53, p73, and MDM2 loci modulate the risk of tobacco associated leukoplakia and oral cancer. (19204927)	Misra C.... Roychoudhury S.	2009	MDM2, TP53, TP73
5	Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K is a marker of oral leukoplakia and correlates with poor prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma. (19548310)	Matta A.... Michael Siu K.W.	2009	HNRNPK, CELF2
6	Genetic polymorphisms of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes are associated with oral leukoplakia development and p53 overexpression. (18507060)	Duarte E.C.... Gomez R.S.	2008	GSTP1, TP53, CYP1A1
7	Variant haplotypes at XRCC1 and risk of oral leukoplakia in HPV non-infected samples. (18764855)	Majumder M.... Roy B.	2008	XRCC1
8	Expression of integrin-beta1 in oral leukoplakia and early invasive carcinoma and its relationship with cell proliferation (19087624)	Shang J.W.... Gao Y.	2008	ITGB1, MKI67
9	Frequent alterations of p16INK4a and p14ARF in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. (18990760)	Kresty L.A.... Weghorst C.M.	2008	CDKN2A
10	Inactivation of human mutL homolog 1 and mutS homolog 2 genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumors and leukoplakia samples by promoter hypermethylation and its relation with microsatellite instability phenotype. (17219447)	Sengupta S.... Roychoudhury S.	2007	MSH2, MLH1
11	Loss of expression of DNA repair enzyme MGMT in oral leukoplakia and early oral squamous cell carcinoma. A prognostic tool? (16517062)	Rodriguez M.J.... Aguirre J.M.	2007	MGMT
12	Cytoplasmic localization of BAG-1 in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the tongue: correlation with p53 and c-erbB2 in carcinoma. (17549665)	Vora H.H.... Shah P.M.	2007	ERBB2, TP53, BAG1
13	Exploration of tumor suppressors p16INK4a and p14ARF in oral leukoplakias (17990010)	Nitsche M.... Eckelt U.	2007	CDKN2A
14	PCNA and p53 expression in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of keratinization. (19089276)	Lawall M.d.e. .A.... Crivelini M.M.	2006	PCNA
15	H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA amounts and ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. (16476033)	Piscopo M.... Fucci L.	2006	HIST2H3C
16	CK8 correlates with malignancy in leukoplakia and carcinomas of the head and neck. (16540085)	Gires O.... Matthias C.	2006	KRT8, KRT13
17	p53 expression in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the tongue. (16847809)	Vora H.H.... Shah P.M.	2006	TP53
18	8-Nitroguanine formation in oral leukoplakia, a premalignant lesion. (16290060)	Ma N.... Kawanishi S.	2006	NOS2
19	Increased risk of oral leukoplakia and cancer among mixed tobacco users carrying XRCC1 variant haplotypes and cancer among smokers carrying two risk genotypes: one on each of two loci, GSTM3 and XRCC1 (Codon 280). (16172217)	Majumder M.... Roy B.	2005	GSTM3, XRCC1
20	Differential expression of the keratin-4, -13, -14, -17 and transglutaminase 3 genes during the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma from leukoplakia. (15975524)	Ohkura S.... Yamamoto M.	2005	KRT4, TGM3
21	Immunohistochemical evaluation of expression of cytokeratin 19 in different histological grades of leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. (16375229)	Ram Prassad V.V.... Kotian M.S.	2005	KRT19, CHKA
22	Expressions of PDCD5 and p53 in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (16086069)	Zhao X.Y.... Wei M.J.	2005	TP53
23	Prognostic significance of cyclin D1, p27 and p63 expression in oral leukoplakia (15655576)	KAPvesi G.... Szende B.	2004	TP63, IFI27
24	Glutathione S-transferase M3 (A/A) genotype as a risk factor for oral cancer and leukoplakia among Indian tobacco smokers. (14735473)	Sikdar N.... Roy B.	2004	GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTM3
25	The expression of apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2, Bax in oral leukoplakia and lichen planus (15619691)	Fan Y.... Feng Z.Q.	2004	BCL2, BAX
26	The age-related changes of P53 protein expression in oral mucosa and their effects on oral leukoplakia (12910706)	Yang Y.... Li B.	2003	TP53
27	Changes in apoptosis and mitotic index, p53 and Ki67 expression in various types of oral leukoplakia. (14707453)	Kovesi G.... Szende B.	2003	MKI67, TP53AIP1
28	BRCA1 expression in leukoplakia and carcinoma of the tongue. (12884236)	Vora H.H.... Choksi T.J.	2003	BRCA1
29	Expression of p27 and apoptosis in oral leukoplakia. (12820381)	Tsuzuki H.... Saito H.	2003	CCND1, PCNA, CDKN1B
30	Localization of human beta-defensin 3 mRNA in normal oral epithelium, leukoplakia, and lichen planus: an in situ hybridization study. (12825122)	Nishimura M.... Kaku T.	2003	DEFB103B
31	Immunohistochemical study of syndecan-1 down-regulation and the expression of p53 protein or Ki-67 antigen in oral leukoplakia with or without epithelial dysplasia. (12969225)	Kurokawa H.... Takahashi T.	2003	TP53, MKI67
32	Upregulation of human beta-defensin 2 peptide expression in oral lichen planus, leukoplakia and candidiasis. an immunohistochemical study. (12389997)	Abiko Y.... Kaku T.	2002	DEFB4A
33	Detection of TP53-mutations in brush biopsies from oral leukoplakias (12447653)	Scheifele C.... Reichart P.A.	2002	TP53
34	Topical retinaldehyde treatment in oral lichen planus and leukoplakia. (12779246)	Boisnic S.... Dupuy P.	2002	KRT10, FLG
35	Evaluation of TGF-alpha and EGFR expression in oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis by quantitative immunohistochemistry. (11721175)	Srinivasan M.... Jewell S.D.	2001	EGFR, TGFA
36	Immunolocalization of p53, glutathione S-tranferase pi and CD57 antigens in oral leukoplakia. (11299765)	de Paula A.M.... Gomez R.S.	2001	TP53, B3GAT1
37	Immunohistochemical analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product in oral leukoplakia (11321806)	Kikegawa A.	2001	TP53
38	Sanguinaria-associated oral leukoplakia: comparison with other benign and dysplastic leukoplakic lesions. (10760727)	Eversole L.R.... Kopcik J.	2000	PCNA
39	Aberrations of erbB-1 and erbB-2 oncogenes in non-dysplastic leukoplakias of the oral cavity. (10687911)	Werkmeister R.... Joos U.	1999	ERBB2, EGFR
40	p53 inactivation in chewing tobacco-induced oral cancers and leukoplakias from India. (10621843)	Saranath D.... Mehta A.R.	1999	TP53
41	Relationship between protease activity and neu oncogene expression in patients with oral leukoplakia treated with the Bowman Birk Inhibitor. (10428197)	Wan X.S.... Kennedy A.R.	1999	ERBB2
42	Expression of integrin alpha9 subunit and tenascin in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus, and squamous cell carcinoma. (10483066)	HAokkinen L.... Larjava H.	1999	TNC
43	Serum levels of copper, zinc, iron and ceruplasmin in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. (9387904)	Jayadeep A.... Menon V.P.	1997	CP
44	Loss of p53 gene as a biomarker of high risk oral leukoplakias. (9425746)	Saranath D.... Sanghvi V.	1997	TP53
45	High-risk HPV types in oral and laryngeal papilloma and leukoplakia (9213402)	Arndt O.... Brock J.	1997	SLPI
46	Aberrant p53 protein expression in oral candidal leukoplakia (9387565)	Gao Y.	1996	TP53
47	Retinoid modulation of biomarkers in oral leukoplakia/dysplasia. (7823600)	Beenken S.W.... Grizzle W.	1994	TGFA
48	Topical tretinoin in the treatment of lichen planus and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa. A biochemical evaluation of the keratinization (7535512)	Branchet M.C.... Szpirglas H.	1994	KRT1
49	Immunohistochemical detection of p53 oncoprotein in human oral squamous cell carcinomas and leukoplakias: comparison with proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and correlation with clinicopathological findings. (7901826)	Nishioka H.... Sugimura M.	1993	PCNA
50	Sex steroid hormone receptors in the cytosolic fract ion of cancer and leukoplakia of the oral mucosa (8108813)	KushlinskiA- N.E.... MikhaA-lovskiA- A.V.	1993	ESR1

Genes related to leukoplakia according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 83)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	DKC1	dyskeratosis congenita 1, dyskerin	11.1	Summaries
2	KRT4	keratin 4	11.0	Publications, Summaries
3	IFI27	interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27	11.0	Publications
4	MKI67	antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki-67	11.0	Publications
5	GSTM1	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	11.0	Publications
6	PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	11.0	Publications
7	RARB	retinoic acid receptor, beta	11.0	Publications
8	KRT1	keratin 1	11.0	Publications
9	TNC	tenascin C	11.0	Publications
10	GSTT1	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	11.0	Publications
11	CYP1A1	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1	11.0	Publications
12	TGFA	transforming growth factor, alpha	11.0	Publications
13	TP63	tumor protein p63	11.0	Publications
14	MGMT	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	11.0	Publications
15	DEFA4	defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin	11.0	Publications
16	CDK2AP1	cyclin-dependent kinase 2 associated protein 1	11.0	Publications
17	TP53AIP1	tumor protein p53 regulated apoptosis inducing protein 1	11.0	Publications
18	DFFA	DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide	11.0	Publications
19	S100A7	S100 calcium binding protein A7	11.0	Publications
20	KRT13	keratin 13	11.0	Publications
21	GSTM3	glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (brain)	11.0	Publications
22	DEFA1	defensin, alpha 1	11.0
23	B3GAT1	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	11.0	Publications
24	WNT3	wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3	11.0	Publications
25	XRCC1	X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1	11.0	Publications
26	PDPN	podoplanin	11.0	Publications
27	KRT14	keratin 14	11.0	Publications
28	DEFB4A	defensin, beta 4A	11.0	Publications
29	HNRNPK	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K	11.0	Publications
30	DNMT3A	DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha	11.0	Publications
31	IVL	involucrin	11.0
32	KRT8	keratin 8	11.0	Publications
33	FLG	filaggrin	11.0	Publications
34	ERCC2	excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 2	11.0	Publications
35	TERC	telomerase RNA component	11.0
36	ITGB1	integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12)	11.0	Publications
37	NME1	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1	11.0
38	ODC1	ornithine decarboxylase 1	11.0
39	NAT2	N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)	11.0	Publications
40	HSPB1	heat shock 27kDa protein 1	11.0	Publications
41	CELF2	CUGBP, Elav-like family member 2	11.0	Publications
42	CP	ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase)	11.0	Publications
43	DNMT1	DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1	11.0	Publications
44	GSTP1	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	11.0	Publications
45	CYP2E1	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily E, polypeptide 1	11.0	Publications
46	NOS2	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	11.0	Publications
47	CTNNB1	catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa	11.0	Publications
48	MMP2	matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase)	11.0	Publications
49	RARA	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	11.0
50	BAX	BCL2-associated X protein	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to leukoplakia according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 76)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Signal transduction_PTEN pathway41	10.8	ITGB1, PCNA
2	Transcription P53 signaling pathway10	10.7	CDKN2A, TP53
3	Signal transduction PTEN pathway10	10.6	EGF, PCNA, ITGB1
4	Naphthalene metabolism10	10.6	GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, CYP2E1
5	Naphthalene metabolism41	10.6	CYP2E1, CYP1A1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM1
6	Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P45020	10.5	GSTT1, GSTM3, CYP2E1, GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1
7	Non-small cell lung cancer20	10.5	CDKN2A, ERBB2, EGF, TGFA
8	Colorectal cancer20	10.4	MSH2
9	Translation Non-genomic (rapid) action of Androgen Receptor10	10.4	EGFR, CTNNB1, ERBB2
10	Cytoskeleton remodeling Keratin filaments10	10.4	KRT8, KRT1, KRT19, KRT14, KRT13, KRT4
11	Cytoskeleton remodeling_Keratin filaments41	10.4	KRT19, KRT1, KRT13, KRT14, KRT4, KRT8
12	Glutathione metabolism20	10.3	GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, ODC1, GSTM3
13	DNA damage ATM/ATR regulation of G1/S checkpoint10	10.2	MDM2
14	Transcription_Androgen Receptor nuclear signaling41	10.1	MMP2, CCND1, CTNNB1, EGF, EGFR, WNT3
15	Transcription Androgen Receptor nuclear signaling10	10.1	MMP2, CCND1, CTNNB1, EGFR, WNT3, EGF
16	Development_EGFR signaling pathway41	10.0	TGFA, MMP2, MMP9, ERBB2, EGF, EGFR
17	Glioblastoma Multiforme36	10.0	EGFR, MDM2, MGMT, CDKN1B, TP53
18	Selected targets of Oct-3/410	9.9	BRCA1, DNMT3A, TNC, RARA, DNMT1
19	Akt Signaling36	9.8	CCND1, MDM2, ITGA2
20	Signal transduction_AKT signaling41	9.8	TP53, PCNA, MDM2, CCND1, BAX, CDKN1B
21	Translation_Non-genomic (rapid) action of Androgen Receptor41	9.7	MDM2, ERBB2, CTNNB1, WNT3, EGFR, EGF
22	Endometrial cancer20	9.7	CCND1, MLH1, EGF, CTNNB1, ERBB2, TP53
23	Busulfan Pathway, Pharmacodynamics34	9.7	GSTP1, GSTM1, MGMT, MLH1, MSH2, BCL2
24	Glioma20	9.7	TGFA, CDKN2A, MDM2, CCND1, TP53, EGF
25	Transcription_P53 signaling pathway41	9.6	BCL2, CDKN2A, MMP2, MDM2, HSPB1, CTNNB1
26	Melanoma20	9.6	CCND1, TP53, MDM2, EGFR, CDKN2A, EGF
27	Small cell lung cancer20	9.6	COL4A1, NOS2, TP53, CCND1, ITGB1, ITGA2
28	Doxorubicin Pathway (Cancer Cell), Pharmacodynamics34	9.6	MLH1, ERCC2, TP53, MSH2
29	p53 signaling pathway20	9.5	CDKN2A, BAX, MDM2, TP73, TP53AIP1, TP53
30	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	9.5	DFFA, TGFA, EGFR, BAX, BCL2, EGF
31	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	9.4	BCL2, MDM2, CDKN2A, BAX, TP53, EGF
32	Calpain Protease Regulates Cellular Mechanics36	9.4	ITGB1, ITGA2, CDKN1B, CCND1, EGF, EGFR
33	Focal adhesion20	9.3	ITGA2, ITGB1, EGFR, CCND1, CTNNB1, TNC
34	Bladder cancer20	9.3	EGFR, CDKN2A, EGF, ERBB2, MMP2, TP53
35	p53 Mediated Apoptosis36	9.3	EGFR, BCL2, TGFA, EGF, TP53, MDM2
36	DNA damage_ATM/ATR regulation of G1/S checkpoint41	9.2	BRCA1, MDM2, CCND1, PCNA, TP53
37	Prostate cancer20	9.2	EGF, TGFA, EGFR, BCL2, CDKN1B, GSTP1
38	DNA damage Role of Brca1 and Brca2 in DNA repair10	9.1	BRCA1, PCNA, MSH2, MLH1, TP53
39	DNA damage_Role of Brca1 and Brca2 in DNA repair41	9.1	TP53, MLH1, MSH2, PCNA, BRCA1
40	ERK Signaling36	9.0	TGFA, ITGB1, EGFR, EGF, COL4A1, TNC
41	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	9.0	ERBB2, CDKN1B, BCL2, MDM2, MMP2, MMP9
42	Colorectal Cancer Metastasis36	9.0	TP53, EGF, WNT3, EGFR, BAX, MSH2
43	p53 Signaling36	9.0	MDM2, BCL2, BRCA1, BAX, TP53
44	PTEN Pathway36	9.0	MDM2, EGFR, COL4A1, TNC, ITGA2, TP53
45	Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR210	8.8	CCND1, ESR1, EGF, EGFR, ERBB2
46	DNA Damage3	8.7	TP73, BRCA1, XRCC1, MSH2, MGMT, MDM2
47	DNA Repair Mechanisms36	8.7	PCNA, OGG1, TP53, ERCC2, MDM2, MGMT
48	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer36	7.8	CDKN2A, ITGB1, CCND1, EGF, TGFA, MDM2
49	Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control3	7.7	CDKN1B, TP73, XRCC1, BRCA1, PCNA, MSH2
50	Pathways in cancer20	7.4	CTNNB1, BAX, CCND1, MDM2, GSTP1, MMP2

Compounds related to leukoplakia according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 320)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	vincristine32 34 9 9	13.6	MGMT, ODC1
2	egcg32	10.6	IVL, ODC1, DNMT1
3	ly29400232	9.9	RARA, CDKN1B, MMP2, MMP9, CCND1, IFI27
4	betacarotene32	9.6	PCNA, NAT2, RARA, RARB, CHKA, XRCC1
5	celecoxib32 42 34 9 18 9	14.5	PCNA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, MMP2, MMP9
6	n acetylcysteine32	9.1	PCNA, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, MMP2, MMP9, CCND1
7	agar32	9.0	BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, CCND1
8	hematoxylin32	9.0	PCNA, CHKA, CDKN2A, IVL, MMP9, MKI67
9	bromodeoxyuridine32	9.0	PCNA, CDKN1B, IVL, MLH1, MKI67, FLG
10	o6-methylguanine32	8.8	PCNA, RARB, MSH2, CDKN2A, MLH1, MGMT
11	irinotecan32 34 9 9	11.6	BAX, XRCC1, CDKN2A, MLH1, MKI67, MGMT
12	curcumin32	8.5	BCL2, BAX, IVL, MMP2, MMP9, MGMT
13	oxaliplatin32 34 9 9	11.5	BRCA1, XRCC1, MLH1, MGMT, GSTM1, GSTP1
14	arsenite32 18	9.5	PCNA, RARA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN2A, MMP9
15	pd 98,05932	8.3	RARA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, IVL, ITGB1
16	camptothecin32 42 9 9	11.0	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, XRCC1, CDKN1B
17	arginine32	8.0	RARA, RARB, XRCC1, B3GAT1, MLH1, FLG
18	retinoid32	8.0	RARA, RARB, BCL2, BAX, IVL, FLG
19	adpribose32	7.9	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, XRCC1, MDM2
20	indole-3-carbinol32	7.9	BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, CCND1, IFI27
21	gemcitabine32 34 9 9	10.9	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, MMP2
22	p00232	7.8	BRCA1, XRCC1, MMP9, MLH1, MKI67, MGMT
23	mg 13232 42	8.6	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, BAX, CDKN1B, CDKN2A
24	methotrexate32 34 42 9 9	11.5	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, CDKN1B, CDKN2A, IVL
25	butyrate32	7.5	PCNA, RARA, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, CDKN2A
26	estradiol32 9 18 9	10.5	PCNA, BRCA1, RARB, CHKA, CDKN1B, ITGB1
27	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	11.5	PCNA, NAT2, RARA, RARB, BCL2, CHKA
28	actinomycin d32	7.4	RARA, RARB, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, CDKN2A
29	resveratrol32 9 18 9	10.3	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, CDKN1B, MMP2
30	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	10.1	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, BCL2, CHKA, BAX
31	proline32	7.0	BRCA1, MSH2, IVL, ITGA2, ITGB1, MMP2
32	thymidylate32	6.9	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, XRCC1, MSH2
33	cysteine32	6.8	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CDKN2A
34	adriamycin32	6.7	BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, CDKN2A, GSTP1, MDM2
35	5-aza-2deoxycytidine32	6.7	PCNA, BRCA1, RARB, CDKN2A, MLH1, MGMT
36	oxygen32 18	7.5	BRCA1, BCL2, CHKA, BAX, S100A7, CDKN1B
37	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	10.3	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, BCL2, CHKA
38	thymidine32 18	7.3	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CHKA, BAG1
39	estrogen32	5.7	PCNA, NAT2, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CHKA
40	paclitaxel32 34 9 9	8.6	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, BCL2, BAG1, BAX
41	cycloheximide32	5.6	BRCA1, RARA, RARB, BCL2, BAG1, BAX
42	testosterone32 9 18 9	8.6	PCNA, BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CHKA, BAG1
43	vegf32	5.5	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, CDKN1B, IVL, ITGA2
44	5fluorouracil32	5.4	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, BAX, XRCC1, MSH2
45	cisplatin32 34 9 9	8.2	PCNA, BRCA1, RARB, BCL2, BAG1, BAX
46	doxorubicin32 34 9 9	8.1	BRCA1, BCL2, CHKA, BAX, MSH2, CDKN1B
47	serine32	4.9	BRCA1, RARA, BCL2, CHKA, BAG1, MSH2
48	paraffin32	4.9	PCNA, BRCA1, BCL2, CHKA, BAX, MSH2
49	retinoic acid32 42 18	6.6	BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CHKA, BAG1, BAX
50	tyrosine32	4.4	BRCA1, RARA, RARB, CHKA, BAG1, XRCC1

Cellular components related to leukoplakia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell periphery	GO:071944	10.0	CTNNB1, KRT19, KRT14
2	keratin filament	GO:045095	10.0	KRT8, KRT4, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, KRT13
3	telomerase holoenzyme complex	GO:005697	9.8	WRAP53, DKC1, TERT
4	intermediate filament	GO:005882	9.8	FLG, KRT8, KRT4, KRT1, KRT10, KRT19
5	cytosol	GO:005829	7.5	MDM2, CDKN1B, S100A7, BAX, BAG1, CCND1
6	nucleoplasm	GO:005654	6.8	OGG1, MDM2, MGMT, CDKN2A, CDKN1B, XRCC1
7	cytoplasm	GO:005737	6.3	KRT10, KRT8, WWOX, NOS2, CTNNB1, TERT
8	nucleus	GO:005634	4.0	TGFA, DNMT3A, DNMT1, DKC1, DFFA, OGG1

Biological processes related to leukoplakia according to GeneDecks:

(show all 21)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuron apoptotic process	GO:051402	10.3	BCL2, TP63, TP53, BAX
2	epidermis development	GO:008544	10.2	S100A7, CDKN2A, KRT13, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14
3	mammary gland alveolus development	GO:060749	10.2	CCND1, TGFA, EGF
4	keratinocyte differentiation	GO:030216	10.2	S100A7, IVL, FLG, TP63, KRT10, TGM3
5	cell proliferation	GO:008283	10.1	PDPN, ERBB2, TP53, MKI67, EGFR, DKC1
6	response to UV-B	GO:010224	10.1	IVL, MSH2, BCL2
7	release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	GO:001836	10.1	BCL2, BAX, TP53, TP73
8	base-excision repair	GO:006284	10.0	XRCC1, PCNA, TP53, OGG1
9	response to radiation	GO:009314	10.0	OGG1, BCL2, KRT13, MMP9
10	induction of apoptosis	GO:006917	10.0	CDKN1B, BAX, CDKN2A, ERCC2, TP63, WWOX
11	positive regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043065	9.9	WWOX, CTNNB1, RARB, BAX, ITGB1, MMP9
12	replicative senescence	GO:090399	9.8	CDKN2A, TP53, TERT
13	G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	GO:000082	9.6	CCND1, ITGB1, BCL2, CDKN2A, PCNA, CDKN1B
14	epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:007173	9.5	ERBB2, EGF, EGFR, TGFA, MDM2, CDKN1B
15	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	9.4	GSTP1, HSPB1, MDM2, CDKN1B, BCL2, ERCC2
16	response to drug	GO:042493	9.4	BCL2, CCND1, MMP9, TGFA, NME1, MSH2
17	virus-host interaction	GO:019048	9.1	BAX, ITGA2, ITGB1, MDM2, HNRNPK, ERCC2
18	response to DNA damage stimulus	GO:006974	9.0	CCND1, BAX, BRCA1, TP73, BCL2, TP53
19	response to estrogen stimulus	GO:043627	8.8	BRCA1, BCL2, GSTM3, ESR1, KRT19, CCND1
20	apoptotic process	GO:006915	8.6	TP63, BRCA1, BCL2, DFFA, WWOX, CTNNB1
21	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:045944	8.0	CDKN2A, HNRNPK, TP63, RARA, BRCA1, WWOX

Molecular functions related to leukoplakia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	glutathione transferase activity	GO:004364	10.0	GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM3
2	transcription factor binding	GO:008134	9.5	CTNNB1, CDKN2A, TP73, TP53, BCL2, RARA
3	identical protein binding	GO:042802	7.9	NME1, BAX, GSTM3, MDM2, ESR1, ERBB2
4	enzyme binding	GO:019899	6.9	RARA, MDM2, CCND1, ESR1, TP53, CYP2E1
5	protein binding	GO:005515	1.9	WRAP53, KRT8, WWOX, COL4A1, NOS2, NOP10