Macular Holes malady

Wikipedia: A macular hole is a small break in the macula, located in the center of the eye\'s light-sensitive...⁴⁴ more...

MalaCards: Macular Holes, also known as macular hole (disorder), is related to retinal disease and pthirus pubis infestation. An important gene associated with Macular Holes is TGFB2 (transforming growth factor, beta 2), and among its related pathways are Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling and Cell adhesion Plasmin signaling. The compounds verteporfin and heparin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include retina, and related mouse phenotypes are respiratory system and nervous system.

Aliases & Descriptions:

macular holes 6 8 32 43 macular hole (disorder) 6

macular hole 6

Diseases related to macular holes by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 212)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	retinal disease	28.9	VEGFA, ABCA4, ADM
2	pthirus pubis infestation	13.3	MIF, HPRT1
3	neovascular glaucoma	13.3	VEGFA, TGFB2
4	lacrimal duct obstruction	13.2	PTGDS, TGFB2, ADM
5	macular retinal edema	13.2	SERPINF1, VEGFA
6	growth retardation with deafness and mental retardation due to igf1 deficiency	13.2	SERPINF1, ANGPT2, HPRT1
7	leukostasis	13.2	SERPINF1, VEGFA
8	stickler syndrome	13.1	SERPINF1, ABCA4, TGFB2
9	retinal vascular disease	13.1	SERPINF1, VEGFA
10	eales disease	13.1	SERPINF1, VEGFA
11	septic shock	13.1	MIF, ANGPT2, ADM
12	proliferative vitreoretinopathy	13.1	GFAP, TGFB2, ADM
13	meninges hemangiopericytoma	13.0	VIM, PTGDS
14	hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia	13.0	VEGFA, ANGPT2, TGFB2
15	normal pressure hydrocephalus	13.0	PTGDS, GFAP
16	rhabdoid meningioma	13.0	VIM, GFAP
17	retinopathy of prematurity	12.9	SERPINF1, VEGFA, ANGPT2
18	astroblastoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
19	choroid plexus carcinoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
20	mixed glioma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
21	melanotic neuroectodermal tumor	12.9	VIM, GFAP
22	cellular schwannoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
23	epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
24	sepsis	12.9	MIF, ANGPT2, TGFB2, ADM
25	myxopapillary ependymoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
26	giant cell glioblastoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
27	anaplastic plasmacytoma	12.9	VIM, GFAP
28	central retinal vein occlusion	12.9	VEGFA, PLAT
29	ovarian carcinosarcoma	12.8	VIM, VEGFA
30	bronchopulmonary dysplasia	12.8	VEGFA, MIF, ANGPT2
31	chordoid glioma	12.8	VIM, GFAP
32	carotid artery dissection	12.8	VIM, PLAT
33	neurilemmoma	12.8	VIM, GFAP
34	mesenchymal chondrosarcoma	12.8	VIM, GFAP
35	lipoma	12.8	VIM, LHFPL5, TGFB2
36	biliary atresia	12.8	VEGFA, MIF, TGFB2
37	mixed cell type cancer	12.7	VIM, GFAP
38	critical limb ischemia	12.7	VEGFA, ANGPT2, PLAT
39	cerebral malaria	12.7	VEGFA, MIF, ANGPT2, TGFB2
40	pilocytic astrocytoma	12.7	VEGFA, GFAP, ADM
41	retinal vein occlusion	12.7	SERPINF1, VEGFA, PLAT
42	arteriovenous malformation	12.7	VEGFA, ANGPT2, PLAT
43	cerebral artery occlusion	12.7	VEGFA, PLAT, ADM
44	subependymal giant cell astrocytoma	12.7	VIM, GFAP
45	vitreous detachment	12.7	VEGFA, LHFPL5, PLAT
46	hellp syndrome	12.7	VEGFA, PLAT, ADM
47	sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma	12.7	VIM, VEGFA
48	keratoconus	12.7	SERPINF1, VIM, TGFB2
49	squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	12.7	VEGFA, MIF, ANGPT2, TGFB2
50	granulosa cell tumor of the ovary	12.7	VIM, VEGFA

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to macular holes:

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to macular holes:

²⁵ (show all 13)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	9.9	HPRT1
2	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	9.1	TGFB2, ABCA4, HPRT1, LHFPL5, SERPINF1
3	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	8.6	SERPINF1, VEGFA, KCNMA1, HPRT1
4	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	8.1	TGFB2, PLAT, HPRT1, LHFPL5, KCNMA1
5	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.3	TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, ANGPT2, KCNMA1
6	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	7.2	TGFB2, GFAP, ABCA4, PLAT, HPRT1, ANGPT2
7	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.9	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, KCNMA1
8	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	6.9	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, PTGDS, HPRT1
9	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	6.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, ABCA4, PLAT, HPRT1
10	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	6.5	ADM, GFAP, PLAT, PTGDS, HPRT1, LHFPL5
11	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	6.4	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, MIF
12	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	6.3	PLAT, GFAP, TGFB2, ADM, PTGDS, HPRT1
13	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	6.0	SERPINF1, ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, ABCA4, PLAT

Articles related to macular holes:

(show all 18)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Management of macular hole and submacular hemorrhage in the same eye. (16871381)	Bakri S.J.... Lewis H.	2007	PLAT
2	Occurrence of full-thickness macular hole complicating Stargardt disease with ABCR mutation. (16703556)	Sodi A.... Torricelli F.	2006	ABCA4
3	Immunocytochemical characterization of macular hole opercula. (11176983)	Ezra E.... Milam A.H.	2001	VIM, GFAP
4	Comparison of recombinant transforming growth factor-beta-2 and placebo as an adjunctive agent for macular hole surgery. (9544645)	Thompson J.T.... Abrams G.W.	1998	TGFB2
5	Surgical management of macular holes: results using gas tamponade alone, or in combination with autologous platelet concentrate, or transforming growth factor beta 2. (9497468)	Minihan M.... Cleary P.E.	1997	TGFB2
6	Clinicopathologic correlation of an untreated macular hole and a macular hole treated by vitrectomy, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and gas tamponade. (8956640)	Rosa R.H.... Green W.R.	1996	TGFB2
7	Closure of persistent macular holes with human recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 2. (8804755)	Kozy D.W.... Maberley A.L.	1996	TGFB2
8	Vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange and transforming growth factor--beta-2 for the treatment of traumatic macular holes. (9098285)	Rubin J.S.... Murphy R.P.	1995	TGFB2
9	Progression of nuclear sclerosis and long-term visual results of vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2 for macular holes. (7785710)	West S.	1995	TGFB2
10	Progression of nuclear sclerosis and long-term visual results of vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2 for macular holes. (7825689)	Thompson J.T.... Murphy R.P.	1995	TGFB2
11	Full-thickness macular holes treated with vitrectomy and tissue glue. (7642336)	Tilanus M.A.... Deutman A.F.	1994-1995	TGFB2
12	Fluorescein angiographic characteristics of macular holes before and after vitrectomy with transforming growth factor beta-2. (8129001)	Thompson J.T.... Sjaarda R.N.	1994	TGFB2
13	Effects of intraocular bubble duration in the treatment of macular holes by vitrectomy and transforming growth factor-beta 2. (8035983)	Thompson J.T.... Hanham A.	1994	TGFB2
14	Idiopathic macular hole: a clinical review and current concepts in the diagnosis and management. (7852702)	Cavallerano A.A.... Woodcome H.T.	1994	TGFB2
15	Transforming growth factor-beta 2 significantly enhances the ability to flatten the rim of subretinal fluid surrounding macular holes. Preliminary anatomic results of a multicenter prospective randomized study. (8115729)	Smiddy W.E.... Murphy R.P.	1993	TGFB2
16	Retreatment of full-thickness macular holes persisting after prior vitrectomy. A pilot study. (8259275)	Ie D.... Gordon L.W.	1993	TGFB2
17	The effect of pars plana vitrectomy and transforming growth factor-beta 2 without epiretinal membrane peeling on full-thickness macular holes. (8510899)	Lansing M.B.... Gordon A.J.	1993	TGFB2
18	Transforming growth factor-beta 2 for the treatment of full-thickness macular holes. A prospective randomized study. (1495798)	Glaser B.M.... Pena R.A.	1992	TGFB2

Genes related to macular holes according to GeneCards:

(show all 15)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	TGFB2	transforming growth factor, beta 2	11.0	Publications
2	PTGDS	prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)	11.0
3	SERPINF1	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F (alpha-2 antiplasmin, pigment epithelium derived factor), member 1	11.0
4	ANGPT2	angiopoietin 2	11.0
5	HPRT1	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	11.0
6	MIF	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	11.0
7	ADM	adrenomedullin	11.0
8	LHFPL5	lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5	11.0
9	SPTBN5	spectrin, beta, non-erythrocytic 5	11.0
10	ABCA4	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	11.0	Publications
11	GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein	11.0	Publications
12	VIM	vimentin	11.0	Publications
13	PLAT	plasminogen activator, tissue	11.0	Publications
14	KCNMA1	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	11.0
15	VEGFA	vascular endothelial growth factor A	11.0

Pathways related to macular holes according to GeneDecks:

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling41	9.1	VEGFA, PLAT, TGFB2
2	Cell adhesion Plasmin signaling10	8.8	VEGFA, PLAT, TGFB2

Compounds related to macular holes according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 66)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	verteporfin32	10.0	SERPINF1, VEGFA
2	heparin32 9 18 9	12.9	SERPINF1, VIM
3	n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea32	9.9	HPRT1, GFAP
4	glucose32	9.8	TGFB2, ANGPT2, MIF, SERPINF1
5	beraprost sodium32	9.7	PLAT, ADM
6	fluorescein32 9 9	11.7	SERPINF1, VEGFA, ADM
7	eosin32	9.6	GFAP, VIM
8	hydrocortisone32 9 9	11.5	VIM, MIF, TGFB2, ADM
9	prostaglandin32	9.4	ADM, TGFB2, PTGDS, VIM
10	spec-t32	9.4	PLAT, GFAP, ADM
11	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate32	9.4	ADM, GFAP, HPRT1, ANGPT2
12	cyclic amp32 18	10.3	GFAP, KCNMA1
13	streptozotocin32	9.3	SERPINF1, VIM, GFAP, ADM
14	silicone32	9.3	VIM, PLAT, GFAP
15	neomycin32	9.2	VIM, HPRT1, GFAP
16	vitamin a32 9 18 9	12.2	TGFB2, ABCA4, PTGDS, HPRT1, VIM
17	h2o232	9.2	ADM, HPRT1, MIF, KCNMA1
18	thymidine32 18	10.0	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, HPRT1, ANGPT2, MIF
19	testosterone32 9 18 9	11.8	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PTGDS, HPRT1, VIM
20	genistein32 9 18 9	11.8	TGFB2, GFAP, MIF, VEGFA, VIM
21	guanylate32	8.8	HPRT1, ANGPT2, KCNMA1, VIM, SERPINF1
22	isoproterenol32 9 9	10.8	ADM, GFAP, KCNMA1, VIM
23	potassium32 9 18 9	11.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, KCNMA1, SERPINF1
24	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	11.5	ADM, TGFB2, ANGPT2, MIF, KCNMA1, SERPINF1
25	atp32	8.5	ADM, GFAP, ANGPT2, KCNMA1
26	methionine32	8.5	GFAP, MIF, KCNMA1, VIM, SERPINF1
27	indomethacin32 9 9	10.5	ADM, TGFB2, PLAT, VIM
28	prostacyclin32	8.5	ADM, PLAT, KCNMA1, VEGFA
29	forskolin32 42 9 9	11.4	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, KCNMA1, VIM
30	pge232	8.4	ADM, TGFB2, ANGPT2, MIF, KCNMA1, VEGFA
31	histamine32 18	9.3	ADM, PLAT, PTGDS, KCNMA1, VIM
32	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	12.3	VIM, PLAT, GFAP, TGFB2, ADM
33	estradiol32 9 18 9	11.2	TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, KCNMA1, VIM
34	oxygen32 18	9.2	SERPINF1, KCNMA1, MIF, ANGPT2, GFAP, ADM
35	lipid32	8.1	ADM, ABCA4, PTGDS, MIF, KCNMA1, VIM
36	vegf32	8.0	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, ANGPT2, MIF, VEGFA
37	cycloheximide32	8.0	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, PTGDS, VEGFA
38	cholesterol32 9 18 9	11.0	ADM, GFAP, ABCA4, PLAT, PTGDS, KCNMA1
39	serine32	7.9	TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, ANGPT2, MIF
40	adenylate32	7.8	ADM, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, KCNMA1, VIM
41	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	11.8	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, HPRT1, ANGPT2, MIF
42	matrigel32	7.7	SERPINF1, ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, ANGPT2
43	retinoic acid32 42 18	9.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, PTGDS, ANGPT2
44	glutamate32	7.7	TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, KCNMA1, VIM
45	paraffin32	7.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, ANGPT2, MIF
46	creatinine32	7.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, PTGDS, HPRT1
47	cysteine32	7.7	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PLAT, HPRT1, ANGPT2
48	tyrosine32	7.6	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, ANGPT2, MIF, KCNMA1
49	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	10.6	ADM, TGFB2, PLAT, HPRT1, KCNMA1, VEGFA
50	estrogen32	7.2	ADM, TGFB2, GFAP, PTGDS, ANGPT2, MIF

Cellular components related to macular holes according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell surface	GO:009986	8.8	VEGFA, MIF, PLAT, TGFB2
2	extracellular space	GO:005615	7.6	SERPINF1, ADM, TGFB2, PLAT, PTGDS, ANGPT2
3	extracellular region	GO:005576	7.4	ADM, TGFB2, PLAT, PTGDS, ANGPT2, MIF

Biological processes related to macular holes according to GeneDecks:

(show all 11)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	prostaglandin biosynthetic process	GO:001516	9.9	MIF, PTGDS
2	neuron projection regeneration	GO:031102	9.9	ADM, GFAP
3	Bergmann glial cell differentiation	GO:060020	9.7	VIM, GFAP
4	response to wounding	GO:009611	9.6	GFAP, TGFB2, ADM
5	astrocyte development	GO:014002	9.5	VIM, GFAP
6	positive regulation of angiogenesis	GO:045766	9.4	VEGFA, ANGPT2, ADM
7	intermediate filament organization	GO:045109	9.4	GFAP, VIM
8	aging	GO:007568	9.4	SERPINF1, TGFB2, ADM
9	response to glucocorticoid stimulus	GO:051384	9.3	ADM, PLAT, PTGDS, SERPINF1
10	blood coagulation	GO:007596	8.1	TGFB2, PLAT, ANGPT2, KCNMA1, VEGFA
11	response to hypoxia	GO:001666	7.9	VEGFA, KCNMA1, ANGPT2, PLAT, TGFB2, ADM

Molecular functions related to macular holes according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chemoattractant activity	GO:042056	9.7	VEGFA, MIF
2	cell surface binding	GO:043498	9.4	VEGFA, MIF
3	receptor binding	GO:005102	9.3	MIF, ANGPT2, TGFB2, ADM