Malignant Hyperthermia malady

NIH Rare Diseases: Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to particular drugs used during surgery and other invasive procedures. People at increased risk for this disorder are said to have malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. If given these drugs, these people may experience muscle rigidity, breakdown of muscle fibers, a high fever, increased acid levels in the blood and other tissues, and a rapid heart rate. Without prompt treatment, the complications of malignant hyperthermia can be life-threatening. There are at least six forms of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, which are associated with mutations in different genes (e.g.,  CACNA1S, RYR1). The susceptibility is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. People with certain inherited muscle diseases (e.g., central core disease and multiminicore disease) also have malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.³⁰

MalaCards: Malignant Hyperthermia, also known as anesthesia related hyperthermia, is related to malignant hyperthermia susceptibility and central core myopathy. An important gene associated with Malignant Hyperthermia is RYR1 (ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)), and among its related pathways are Fc-Gamma-RIIB Signaling in B-Cells and DREAM Repression and Dynorphin Expression. The drugs dantrolene sodium and dantrolene and the compounds Magnesium Sulfate and amlodipine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, skeletal muscle and t cells, and related mouse phenotypes are adipose tissue and skeleton.

Disease Ontology: A genetic disease that is characterized by a drastic and uncontrolled increase in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which overwhelms the body's capacity to supply oxygen, remove carbon dioxide, and regulate body temperature.⁶

Genetics Home Reference: Malignant hyperthermia is a severe reaction to particular drugs that are often used during surgery and other invasive procedures. Specifically, this reaction occurs in response to some anesthetic gases, which are used to block the sensation of pain, and with a muscle relaxant that is used to temporarily paralyze a person during a surgical procedure. If given these drugs, people at risk for malignant hyperthermia may experience muscle rigidity, breakdown of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis), a high fever, increased acid levels in the blood and other tissues (acidosis), and a rapid heart rate. Without prompt treatment, the complications of malignant hyperthermia can be life-threatening.¹⁷

Wikipedia: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) or malignant hyperpyrexia is a rare life-threatening condition that is...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

malignant hyperthermia 6 30 17 8 anesthesia related hyperthermia 6 30 17 malignant hyperpyrexia due to anesthesia 6 43 mhs - malignant hyperthermia 17 fulminating hyperpyrexia 30 hyperpyrexia, malignant 17

hyperthermia, malignant 17 hyperpyrexia malignant 30 pharmacogenic myopathy 30 malignant hyperpyrexia 30 hyperpyrexia 43 mh 30

Diseases related to malignant hyperthermia by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 189)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	malignant hyperthermia susceptibility	31.3	PIK3C2A, SCN4A, ASPH, MHS2, MHS3, MHS4
2	central core myopathy	29.2	RYR1, RYR2, CACNA1S
3	cerebral aneurysms	28.4	CHKB, IL6, MB
4	paralysis	27.7	PIK3C2A, SCN7A, SCN4A, CHKB, QDPR, INS
5	becker muscular dystrophy	27.7	PIK3C2A, LAMA2, DMD
6	hypokalemic periodic paralysis	27.2	SCN7A, SCN4A, CHKB, QDPR, INS, RYR1
7	muscular dystrophy	26.9	PIK3C2A, CHKB, LAMA2, DMD, SRL
8	neuroleptic malignant syndrome	26.5	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB, GPT, HTR2A, RYR1
9	diabetes mellitus	24.4	PIK3C2A, CHKB, INS, IL6, MB, GPT
10	myopathy	23.8	PIK3C2A, SCN4A, CHKB, LAMA2, QDPR, ASPH
11	cerebritis	23.3	PIK3C2A, CHKB, LAMA2, QDPR, INS, IL6
12	periodic paralyses	13.6	SCN4A, CACNA1S
13	normokalemic periodic paralysis	13.5	SCN7A, SCN4A
14	paramyotonia congenita	13.5	SCN7A, SCN4A
15	vibrio vulnificus infection	13.4	PIK3C2A, IL6
16	familial periodic paralysis	13.4	SCN7A, SCN4A
17	short-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency	13.4	PIK3C2A, ACADS
18	catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia	13.4	RYR1, RYR2
19	coronary artery vasospasm	13.3	CHKB, HTR2A
20	hypokalemic periodic paralysis type 2	13.3	SCN7A, SCN4A, QDPR
21	muscle disorders	13.2	CHKB, RYR1, RYR2
22	silent myocardial infarction	13.2	PIK3C2A, INS
23	coronary stenosis	13.2	PIK3C2A, IL6, HTR2A
24	compartment syndrome	13.2	CHKB, MB
25	creatine phosphokinase, elevated serum	13.1	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB
26	acute kidney tubular necrosis	13.1	PIK3C2A, MB
27	alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency	13.0	CHKB, MB, RYR2
28	acute mountain sickness	13.0	PIK3C2A, MB, HSPA1A
29	basilar artery occlusion	13.0	MB, HSPA1A
30	cocaine abuse	13.0	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB
31	congestive heart failure	13.0	PIK3C2A, CHKB, RYR2, CPT2
32	viral pneumonia	12.9	CHKB, IL6, GPT
33	sudden cardiac death multi-gene panels	12.9	MB, HTR2A, CALR, RYR2
34	adult dermatomyositis	12.9	PIK3C2A, CHKB, INS
35	polyarteritis nodosa	12.9	CHKB, IL6, GPT
36	aicardi-goutieres syndrome	12.9	GPT, ACADS, RYR1, CPT2
37	ventricular fibrillation	12.9	CHKB, MB, RYR2
38	meningoencephalitis	12.9	CHKB, IL6, GPT
39	sudden infant death syndrome	12.9	IL6, HTR2A, ACADS, RYR2
40	hypoaldosteronism	12.8	INS, IL6
41	hematuria	12.8	PIK3C2A, INS, MB
42	mixed connective tissue disease	12.8	PIK3C2A, INS, IL6
43	necrotizing fasciitis	12.8	PIK3C2A, INS, GPT
44	peripheral vascular disease	12.8	INS, IL6, HTR2A
45	syncope	12.8	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB, RYR2
46	mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome	12.8	INS, RYR1, RYR2, CACNA1S
47	hyperprolactinemia	12.8	INS, IL6, HTR2A
48	ectopic pregnancy	12.7	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB
49	cytoplasmic body myopathy	12.7	CHKB, DMD
50	myoglobinuria recurrent	12.7	DMD, CPT2

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS/NDF-RT:

^43 28 dantrolene, dantrolene sodium

MalaCards organs/tissues related to malignant hyperthermia:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to malignant hyperthermia:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	8.4	PIK3C2A, INS, IL6, DMD, RYR1, CACNA1S
2	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	6.9	CACNA1S, RYR1, DMD, CACNB1, HTR2A, IL6
3	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	6.7	RYR2, RYR1, SRL, DMD, CALR, CACNA2D1
4	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	5.8	CALR, DMD, ACADS, RYR1, RYR2, CACNA1S
5	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	5.6	CALR, DMD, ACADS, RYR1, RYR2, CACNA1S
6	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	5.5	DMD, ACADS, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, CACNA1S
7	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	5.4	SCN4A, CALR, DMD, SRL, ACADS, RYR1

Articles related to malignant hyperthermia:

(show top 50)    (show all 132)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Identical de novo mutation in the type 1 ryanodine re ceptor gene associated with fatal, stress-induced malignant hyperthermia in two unrelated families. (21918424)	Groom L.... Dirksen R.T.	2011	RYR1
2	Novel missense mutations and unexpected multiple chan ges of RYR1 gene in 75 malignant hyperthermia families. (20681998)	Tammaro A.... Nigro V.	2011	RYR1
3	Molecular genetic analysis of the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) in Korean malignant hyperthermia families]. (21157159)	Lee H.... Kim D.S.	2010	RYR1
4	Functional properties of RYR1 mutations identified in Swedish patients with malignant hyperthermia and central core disease. (20142353)	Vukcevic M.... Treves S.	2010	RYR1
5	Novel variants near the central domain of RYR1 in two malignant hyperthermia-susceptible families from Taiwan. (19762757)	Chen P.L.... Day Y.J.	2009	RYR1
6	A fulminant malignant hyperthermia episode in a patient with ryanodine receptor gene mutation p.Tyr522Ser. (19020143)	Girard T.... Hofer C.K.	2008	RYR1
7	Malignant hyperthermia in children (19069350)		2008	GPT
8	Novel ryanodine receptor mutation that may cause malignant hyperthermia. (18719443)	Kaufmann A.... Weigl L.G.	2008	RYR1
9	Analysis of RYR1 Haplotype Profile in Patients with Malignant Hyperthermia. (18945287)	Carpenter D.... Shaw M.A.	2008	RYR1
10	A double mutation of the ryanodine receptor type 1 ge ne in a malignant hyperthermia family with multiminicore myopathy. (19513315)	Jeong S.K.... Kim D.S.	2008	RYR1, CHKB, MB
11	Heat- and anesthesia-induced malignant hyperthermia in an RyR1 knock-in mouse. (16284304)	Chelu M.G.... Hamilton S.L.	2006	RYR1
12	Frequency and localization of mutations in the 106 exons of the RYR1 gene in 50 individuals with malignant hyperthermia. (16835904)	Galli L.... Sorrentino V.	2006	RYR1
13	Malignant hyperthermia in Japan: mutation screening of the entire ryanodine receptor type 1 gene coding region by direct sequencing. (16732084)	Ibarra M C.A.... Nishino I.	2006	RYR1
14	Suspected malignant hyperthermia in a child with laminin alpha2 (merosin) deficiency in the absence of a triggering agent. (16618304)	Shukry M.... Ramadhyani U.	2006	LAMA2
15	Mutations in RYR1 in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease. (16917943)	Robinson R.... Hopkins P.	2006	RYR1
16	Ca2+ signaling in HEK-293 and skeletal muscle cells expressing recombinant ryanodine receptors harboring malignant hyperthermia and central core disease mutations. (15689621)	Brini M.... Carafoli E.	2005	RYR1
17	Central hyperthermia suspected of malignant hyperthermia in a patient undergoing radical neck clipping for cerebral aneurysm (15717469)	Murakawa T.... Matsuki A.	2005	CHKB, MB
18	Effect of ryanodine receptor mutations on interleukin-6 release and intracellular calcium homeostasis in human myotubes from malignant hyperthermia-susceptible individuals and patients affected by central core disease. (15299003)	Ducreux S.... Treves S.	2004	IL6, RYR1
19	Functional characterization of malignant hyperthermia-associated RyR1 mutations in exon 44, using the human myotube model. (15210166)	Wehner M.... Olthoff D.	2004	RYR1
20	Multiminicore myopathy, central core disease, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, and RYR1 mutations: one disease with many faces? (14732615)	Mathews K.D.... Moore S.A.	2004	RYR1
21	A new mutation in the skeletal ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) is potentially causative of malignant hyperthermia, central core disease, and severe skeletal malformation. (14708096)	Rueffert H.... Froster U.G.	2004	RYR1
22	Malignant hyperthermia in North America: genetic screening of the three hot spots in the type I ryanodine receptor gene. (15448513)	Sei Y.... Muldoon S.M.	2004	RYR1
23	Scanning for mutations of the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene by denaturing HPLC: detection of three novel malignant hyperthermia alleles. (12709367)	Tammaro A.... Nigro V.	2003	RYR1
24	Anaesthetic management of coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with central core disease and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia on statin therapy. (14570802)	Johi R.R.... Hopkins P.M.	2003	RYR1
25	Novel mutations in C-terminal channel region of the ryanodine receptor in malignant hyperthermia patients. (11928716)	Oyamada H.... Iino M.	2002	RYR1
26	Novel skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor mutation in a large Brazilian family with malignant hyperthermia. (12123492)	McWilliams S.... Sambuughin N.	2002	RYR1
27	Mutations in the RYR1 gene in Italian patients at risk for malignant hyperthermia: evidence for a cluster of novel mutations in the C- terminal region. (12208234)	Galli L.... Sorrentino V.	2002	RYR1
28	Presence of two different genetic traits in malignant hyperthermia families: implication for genetic analysis, diagnosis, and incidence of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility. (12411788)	Monnier N.... Lunardi J.	2002	CACNA1S
29	Mutation screening in the ryanodine receptor 1 gene (RYR1) in patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia who show definite IVCT results: identification of three novel mutations. (12059893)	Rueffert H.... Froster U.G.	2002	RYR1
30	Identification of the Arg1086His mutation in the alpha subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel (CACNA1S) in a North American family with malignant hyperthermia. (11260227)	Stewart S.L.... Fletcher J.E.	2001	CACNA1S
31	Malignant hyperthermia and excitation-contraction coupling. (11412150)	Melzer W.... Dietze B.	2001	RYR1, QDPR
32	Identification and functional characterization of a novel ryanodine receptor mutation causing malignant hyperthermia in North American and South American families. (11525881)	Sambuughin N.... Goldfarb L.G.	2001	RYR1
33	Identification of a novel mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1) in a malignant hyperthermia Italian family. (10757649)	Fortunato G.... Carsana A.	2000	RYR1
34	Biology of malignant hyperthermia: a disease of the calcium channels of the skeletal muscle (10760701)	Monnier N.... Lunardi J.	2000	RYR1, QDPR
35	Novel mutation in the RYR1 gene (R2454C) in a patient with malignant hyperthermia. (10612851)	Gencik M.... Epplen J.T.	2000	RYR1
36	5-HT2 receptor antagonist-mediated inhibition of halothane-induced contractures in skeletal muscle specimens from malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients. (10551274)	Wappler F.... Schulte am Esch J.	1999	HTR2A
37	Isoform-specific interactions between halothane and the ryanodine receptor Ca(2+)-release channel: implications for malignant hyperthermia and the protein theory of anaesthetic action. (10643591)	FrAPmming G.R.... Ohlendieck K.	1999	RYR1
38	Detection of a novel mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene in an Irish malignant hyperthermia pedigree: correlation of the IVCT response with the affected and unaffected haplotypes. (9138151)	Keating K.E.... McCarthy T.V.	1997	RYR1
39	Molecular pathology of malignant hyperthermia and ce ntral core disease (9436456)	Takagi A.	1997	RYR1
40	Diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia: a comparison of the in vitro contracture test with the molecular genetic diagnosis in a large pedigree. (8825043)	Healy J.M.... McCarthy T.V.	1996	RYR1
41	Fulminant malignant hyperthermia associated with ketoacidotic diabetic coma. (8880251)	Wappler F.... Schulte am Esch J.	1996	INS
42	Exclusion of defects in the skeletal muscle specific regions of the DHPR alpha 1 subunit as frequent causes of malignant hyperthermia. (8592342)	O'Brien R.O.... Foster P.S.	1995	CACNA1S
43	Malignant hyperthermia suggestive hypermetabolic synd rome at emergence from anesthesia. (8714856)	Christiaens F.... Camu F.	1995	MB
44	Creatine kinase alterations after acute malignant hyperthermia episodes and common surgical procedures. (7486044)	Antognini J.F.	1995	CHKB
45	Detection of a novel common mutation in the ryanodine receptor gene in malignant hyperthermia: implications for diagnosis and heterogeneity studies. (8012359)	Quane K.A.... McCarthy T.V.	1994	RYR1
46	Detection of a novel RYR1 mutation in four malignant hyperthermia pedigrees. (7849712)	Keating K.E.... McCarthy T.V.	1994	RYR1
47	Mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene in central core disease and malignant hyperthermia. (8220423)	Quane K.A.... McCarthy T.V.	1993	RYR1
48	Polymorphisms and deduced amino acid substitutions in the coding sequence of the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene in individuals with malignant hyperthermia. (1354642)	Gillard E.F.... McLennan D.H.	1992	RYR1
49	A cysteine-for-arginine substitution (R614C) in the human skeletal muscle calcium release channel cosegregates with malignant hyperthermia. (1510267)	Hogan K.... Gregg R.G.	1992	RYR1
50	Malignant hyperthermia in a child with acute lymphatic leukemia (1867372)	Sailer R.... Mantel K.	1991	PIK3C2A

Genes related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneCards:

(show all 30)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	RYR1	ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)	11.1	Summaries, Publications, Orthologs
2	CACNA1S	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit	11.1	Summaries, Publications
3	MHS3	Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility 3	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions
4	MHS4	malignant hyperthermia susceptibility 4	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions, Publications
5	MHS6	malignant hyperthermia susceptibility 6	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions
6	MHS2	malignant hyperthermia susceptibility 2	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions, Publications
7	CACNG1	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, gamma subunit 1	11.0	Publications
8	CACNB1	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 1 subunit	11.0	Publications
9	SCN4A	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IV, alpha subunit	11.0	Publications
10	SRL	sarcalumenin	11.0	Publications
11	ANXA6	annexin A6	11.0	Publications
12	CPT2	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	11.0	Publications
13	PIK3C2A	phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 2 alpha	11.0	Publications
14	ASPH	aspartate beta-hydroxylase	11.0	Publications
15	CALR	calreticulin	11.0	Publications
16	RYR2	ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)	11.0	Publications, Orthologs
17	HTR2A	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled	11.0	Publications
18	CACNA2D1	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 1	11.0	Publications
19	IL6	interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)	11.0	Publications
20	QDPR	quinoid dihydropteridine reductase	11.0	Publications
21	ACADS	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain	11.0	Publications
22	SCN7A	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VII, alpha subunit	11.0	Publications
23	CHKB	choline kinase beta	11.0	Publications
24	MB	myoglobin	11.0	Publications
25	HSPA1A	heat shock 70kDa protein 1A	11.0	Publications
26	GPT	glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase)	11.0	Publications
27	RYR3	ryanodine receptor 3	11.0	Orthologs
28	LAMA2	laminin, alpha 2	11.0	Publications
29	INS	insulin	11.0	Publications
30	DMD	dystrophin	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneDecks:

(show all 43)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Fc-Gamma-RIIB Signaling in B-Cells36	10.4	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA1S
2	DREAM Repression and Dynorphin Expression36	10.1	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
3	Fc-GammaR Pathway36	10.1	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
4	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages36	10.1	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
5	BMP Pathway36	10.1	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
6	Caspase Cascade36	10.1	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
7	Transcription CREB pathway10	10.1	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
8	Fc-EpsilonRI Pathway36	10.1	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
9	PDGF Pathway36	10.1	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
10	Transcription_CREB pathway41	10.1	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
11	Calpain Protease Regulates Cellular Mechanics36	10.0	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
12	G-Beta Gamma Signaling36	10.0	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
13	PKC-Theta Pathway36	10.0	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
14	Sweet Taste Signaling36	10.0	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
15	Androgen Signaling36	9.9	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CALR, CACNA1S
16	Cardiac muscle contraction20	9.9	CACNA1S, RYR2, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
17	ITK and TCR Signaling36	9.9	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
18	NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions36	9.9	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
19	all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain36	9.9	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
20	NFAT and Cardiac Hypertrophy36	9.9	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
21	Signaling Involved in Cardiac Hypertrophy36	9.8	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
22	IGF1R Signaling36	9.8	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
23	Beta-Adrenergic Signaling36	9.8	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1
24	IP3 Pathway36	9.8	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
25	CRHR Pathway36	9.8	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
26	Rap1 Pathway36	9.7	IL6, CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
27	GHRH Signaling36	9.7	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, SCN4A, SCN7A
28	Melatonin Signaling36	9.7	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
29	Calcium signaling pathway20	9.6	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, HTR2A
30	CREB Pathway36	9.6	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, IL6
31	MAPK signaling pathway20	9.5	HSPA1A, CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
32	TCR Signaling36	9.5	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
33	GnRH Signaling36	9.3	CACNA1S, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1, LAMA2
34	Netrin Signaling36	9.3	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CACNA2D1, CACNG1
35	Presenilin-Mediated Signaling36	9.1	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CALR, CACNA2D1
36	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)20	8.8	CACNA1S, RYR2, DMD, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
37	Dilated cardiomyopathy20	8.8	CACNA1S, RYR2, DMD, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
38	PKA Signaling36	8.8	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CACNA2D1, CACNG1
39	nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle36	8.8	CACNB1, CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, DMD
40	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)20	8.5	CACNA1S, RYR2, DMD, CACNA2D1, CACNG1, CACNB1
41	Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA36	8.5	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CACNA2D1, CACNG1
42	cAMP Pathway36	8.5	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CACNA2D1, CACNG1
43	Intracellular Calcium Signaling36	8.5	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, CACNA2D1, CACNG1

Compounds related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 80)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Magnesium Sulfate9 9	11.3	CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
2	amlodipine32 9 18 9	13.1	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
3	n acetylcysteine32	10.1	GPT, CALR
4	4-chloro-m-cresol32	10.0	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1
5	cyclic adp-ribose32	9.9	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1
6	gamma-hydroxybutyrate32	9.8	PIK3C2A, CHKB, MB
7	succinylcholine32 9 9	11.7	RYR1, MB, CHKB, SCN4A, PIK3C2A
8	dantrolene32 9 9	11.6	RYR2, RYR1, MB, CHKB, PIK3C2A
9	verapamil32 34 9 18 9	13.6	CACNA1S, RYR2, CACNG1, CACNB1, GPT
10	nitrendipine32 9 9	11.6	CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
11	alpha-hydroxybutyrate32	9.5	GPT, MB, CHKB, PIK3C2A
12	dihydropyridine32	9.4	SCN4A, CACNA1S, RYR1, SRL, CALR, ANXA6
13	melphalan32 9 9	11.4	PIK3C2A, CHKB, IL6, MB
14	halothane32 9 9	11.2	RYR1, CALR, HSPA1A, MB, CHKB, PIK3C2A
15	fluvastatin32 34 9 9	12.2	GPT, MB, IL6, CHKB, PIK3C2A
16	pravastatin32 34 9 18 9	13.2	PIK3C2A, CHKB, IL6, GPT
17	citrate32	9.2	CPT2, HSPA1A, MB, CHKB, PIK3C2A
18	neopterin32	9.1	CHKB, QDPR, IL6, GPT
19	chloride32	9.1	RYR2, SCN4A, GPT, CALR, DMD, RYR1
20	succinate32	9.0	RYR1, DMD, MB, CHKB
21	inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate32	9.0	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, DMD, CALR
22	gemfibrozil32 9 9	11.0	PIK3C2A, CHKB, INS, GPT
23	fenofibrate32 9 9	10.9	GPT, IL6, INS, PIK3C2A
24	rosuvastatin32 34 9 9	11.9	GPT, IL6, INS, CHKB
25	ryanodine32	8.8	CACNA1S, RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, SRL, CALR
26	caffeine32 34 9 18 9	12.8	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, DMD, HSPA1A, QDPR
27	carnitine32	8.8	CPT2, ACADS, MB, INS, CHKB
28	prednisolone32 9 9	10.7	DMD, GPT, MB, IL6, CHKB, PIK3C2A
29	urea32 9 18 9	11.7	DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT, CHKB, PIK3C2A
30	bezafibrate32 9 9	10.7	GPT, MB, INS, CHKB, PIK3C2A
31	creatinine32	8.7	CPT2, RYR1, DMD, HSPA1A, MB, LAMA2
32	thyroxine32 18	9.5	GPT, MB, INS, CHKB, PIK3C2A
33	potassium32 9 18 9	11.4	RYR2, RYR1, DMD, HSPA1A, GPT, CHKB
34	hydrogen32 18	9.4	CPT2, RYR1, DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, MB
35	glycerol32 9 18 9	11.4	CPT2, DMD, MB, INS, CHKB, PIK3C2A
36	glutamine32	8.3	RYR1, DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT, MB
37	sodium32 18	9.2	CACNA1S, RYR2, DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT
38	epinephrine32 9 18 9	11.2	RYR2, HSPA1A, MB, IL6, INS, CHKB
39	heparin32 9 18 9	11.1	RYR1, DMD, CALR, MB, LAMA2, CHKB
40	glycogen32 18	8.9	CPT2, DMD, HSPA1A, GPT, INS, CHKB
41	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	10.8	RYR1, HSPA1A, HTR2A, MB, IL6, INS
42	atp32	7.8	DMD, SRL, RYR1, RYR2, CPT2, CALR
43	tacrolimus32 34 9 9	10.6	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1, DMD, GPT, INS
44	lactate32	7.6	CPT2, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT, MB, IL6
45	glutamate32	7.4	ACADS, RYR1, RYR2, CPT2, CALR, GPT
46	alanine32	7.4	RYR1, DMD, GPT, MB, IL6, INS
47	calcium32 9 18 9	10.3	CACNA2D1, SRL, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, CACNA1S
48	glucose32	7.2	CPT2, RYR1, DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT
49	arginine32	7.1	CACNA1S, RYR1, DMD, CALR, HSPA1A, GPT
50	lipid32	6.2	DMD, ACADS, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, CPT2

Cellular components related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:033018	10.1	CALR, SRL
2	junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane	GO:014701	10.0	RYR2, RYR1, ASPH
3	T-tubule	GO:030315	9.9	CACNA1S, RYR1, CACNB1
4	sarcoplasmic reticulum	GO:016529	9.9	CACNB1, RYR1, RYR2, CACNA1S
5	voltage-gated calcium channel complex	GO:005891	9.9	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, CACNA1S
6	sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane	GO:033017	9.6	RYR1, RYR2, RYR3
7	junctional membrane complex	GO:030314	9.5	RYR1, RYR3

Biological processes related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum	GO:014808	10.1	RYR1, RYR2
2	release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	GO:051209	9.6	HTR2A, RYR1, RYR2
3	cellular response to caffeine	GO:071313	9.5	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1
4	muscle contraction	GO:006936	9.3	CACNA1S, RYR1, CACNG1, ASPH, SCN4A, SCN7A
5	calcium ion transport	GO:006816	9.1	ANXA6, CACNA2D1, RYR1, RYR2, RYR3, CACNA1S

Molecular functions related to malignant hyperthermia according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	high voltage-gated calcium channel activity	GO:008331	10.2	CACNB1, CACNA1S
2	voltage-gated calcium channel activity	GO:005245	9.6	CACNB1, CACNG1, CACNA2D1, RYR1, CACNA1S
3	ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity	GO:005219	9.5	RYR3, RYR2, RYR1
4	calcium-release channel activity	GO:015278	9.3	RYR1, RYR2, RYR3