Osteochondroma malady

Wikipedia: Osteochondroma is a type of benign tumor that consists of cartilage and bone. It is a benign...⁴⁴ more...

MalaCards: Osteochondroma, also known as cartilaginous exostosis, is related to hereditary multiple exostoses and exostosis. An important gene associated with Osteochondroma is EXT2 (exostosin 2), and among its related pathways are Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases and Development FGF-family signaling. The compounds lysine and pd 161570 have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Related mouse phenotypes are craniofacial and integument.

osteochondroma 30 17 32 cartilaginous exostosis 43

Diseases related to osteochondroma by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 138)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hereditary multiple exostoses	33.4	EXT2, EXT1
2	exostosis	30.7	BMP2, EXT1, EXT2
3	dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica	28.6	EXT2, EXT1
4	exostoses	28.3	PTPN11, EXT2, EXT1, GTDC2
5	fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva	27.0	ACVR1, FGF2, BMP2
6	chondrosarcoma	25.6	BMP2, GTDC2, FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR3
7	osteosarcoma	24.4	E2F1, NES, TGFB2, PTHLH, DUSP19, EXT2
8	ladd syndrome	13.3	FGFR3, FGF9
9	enchondromatosis	13.3	EXT1, EXT2, PTHLH
10	osteochondrodysplasia	13.3	PTHLH, FGFR3
11	brachydactyly type a2	13.2	BMPR1B, BMP2
12	seborrheic keratosis	13.2	TGFB2, FGFR3
13	osteoglophonic dysplasia	13.2	FGFR3, FGFR1
14	fgfr-related craniosynostosis syndromes	13.2	FGFR3, FGFR1
15	jackson-weiss syndrome	13.2	FGFR3, FGFR1
16	muenke syndrome	13.2	FGFR3, FGFR1
17	plagiocephaly	13.1	FGFR1, FGFR3
18	cockayne syndrome	13.1	FGFR3, FGFR1
19	progressive osseous heteroplasia	13.1	ACVR1, BMP2
20	acrocephalosyndactylia	13.1	FGFR3, FGFR1
21	secondary syphilis	13.0	PTHLH, EXT2, EXT1, BMP2
22	synostosis	12.9	BMP2, FGFR1, FGFR3
23	enchondroma	12.9	PTPN11, PTHLH
24	chst3-related skeletal dysplasia	12.9	FGFR1, FGFR3, PTHLH
25	infectious mononucleosis	12.8	FGFR3, FGFR1
26	pancreatic cancer	12.8	PTHLH, TGFB2, NES
27	primary pulmonary hypertension	12.8	ACVR1, BMPR1B, BMP2
28	radioulnar synostosis	12.8	FGFR3, FGFR1
29	ankylosis	12.8	BMP2, FGFR1, ACVR1
30	dwarfism	12.8	FGFR1, FGFR3, PTHLH
31	brachydactyly	12.7	PTHLH, FGFR3, BMPR1B, BMP2
32	ollier disease	12.6	PTPN11, PTHLH, EXT2, EXT1
33	osteoporosis	12.6	BMP2, EXT1, EXT2, PTHLH, TGFB2
34	thanatophoric dysplasia	12.6	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR3
35	teratoma	12.5	FGFR1, DUSP19, PTHLH, NES
36	developmental disabilities	12.5	PTPN11, FGFR3, FGFR1
37	cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor	12.5	BMP2, TGFB2, NES
38	hydrocephalus	12.5	NES, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1
39	brain glioma	12.5	BMP2, FGF2, NES
40	congenital heart defect	12.5	EXT1, PTPN11, ACVR1
41	chondrodysplasia	12.4	PTHLH, FGFR3, FGFR1, BMPR1B
42	crouzon syndrome	12.4	FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3
43	hypochondroplasia	12.4	FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3
44	peripheral t-cell lymphoma	12.4	FGF2, FGFR3, TGFB2
45	prolactinoma	12.3	E2F1, PTHLH, FGF2, BMP2
46	hypercalcemia	12.3	PTHLH, FGFR3, FGF2
47	pediatric cns embryonal cell carcinoma	12.3	NES, TGFB2, DUSP19, FGFR1, BMP2
48	nevus	12.3	PTHLH, FGFR3, FGF2
49	teratocarcinoma	12.2	PTHLH, FGF9, FGF2, BMP2
50	squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	12.2	E2F1, TGFB2, PTHLH, FGF2

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to osteochondroma:

²⁵ (show all 18)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	craniofacial phenotype	MP:0005382	8.6	BMPR1B, FGF9, EXT1, PTPN11, ACVR1
2	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	8.0	FGF9, E2F1, PTHLH, EXT1, FGFR3, FGFR1
3	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	7.8	E2F1, TGFB2, FGFR1, FGF9, FGF2, PTPN11
4	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	7.4	FGF9, BMPR1B, TGFB2, EXT1, FGFR3, BMP2
5	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	7.4	FGF9, E2F1, TGFB2, PTPN11, PTHLH, FGFR1
6	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.4	FGFR3, PTHLH, BMP2, FGFR1, ACVR1, FGF9
7	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	7.3	FGF9, FGF2, BMP2, E2F1, PTPN11, EXT1
8	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	7.2	BMP2, ACVR1, EXT2, NES, TGFB2, PTPN11
9	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	7.0	FGFR1, E2F1, NES, ACVR1, PTHLH, EXT1
10	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	6.9	FGF9, BMP2, E2F1, TGFB2, PTPN11, PTHLH
11	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	6.9	BMP2, E2F1, TGFB2, ACVR1, PTPN11, EXT1
12	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	6.9	PTHLH, ACVR1, PTPN11, FGFR1, FGF9, FGF2
13	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	6.7	PTHLH, FGFR1, FGF2, BMPR1B, FGFR3, EXT1
14	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	6.5	FGFR3, FGF2, FGFR1, EXT1, EXT2, PTHLH
15	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	6.3	FGFR1, FGFR3, BMP2, BMPR1B, FGF9, EXT1
16	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	5.8	FGFR1, BMPR1B, BMP2, E2F1, NES, TGFB2
17	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	5.5	BMP2, FGFR1, FGF9, FGF2, BMPR1B, FGFR3
18	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	5.3	E2F1, FGFR1, NES, TGFB2, ACVR1, PTPN11

Articles related to osteochondroma:

(show all 33)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Expression of the stem cell marker nestin in pre/hype rtrophic chondrocytes in osteochondroma. (21672338)	Du K.... Huang D.	2011	NES
2	Breakpoint characterization of large deletions in EXT 1 or EXT2 in 10 multiple osteochondromas families. (21703028)	Jennes I.... Wuyts W.	2011	EXT1, EXT2
3	A splice-site mutation leads to haploinsufficiency of EXT2 mRNA for a dominant trait in a large family with multiple osteochondromas . (20872591)	Yang L.... Chan D.	2010	EXT2
4	Genetic models of osteochondroma onset and neoplastic progression: evidence for mechanisms alternative to EXT genes inactivation. (20418910)	Zuntini M.... Sangiorgi L.	2010	EXT1, EXT2
5	No haploinsufficiency but loss of heterozygosity for EXT in multiple osteochondromas. (20813973)	Reijnders C.M.... BovAce J.V.	2010	EXT1, EXT2
6	Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and descrip tion of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb). (19810120)	Jennes I.... Wuyts W.	2009	EXT1, EXT2, GTDC2
7	New mutations of EXT1 and EXT2 genes in German patients with Multiple Osteochondromas. (19344451)	Heinritz W.... Froster U.G.	2009	EXT1, EXT2
8	One third of Japanese patients with multiple osteochondromas may have mutations in genes other than EXT1 or EXT2. (18976157)	Kojima H.... Fukushima Y.	2008	EXT1, EXT2
9	Mutation screening of EXT1 and EXT2 by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, direct sequencing analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and a new multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification probe set in patients with multiple osteochondromas. (18165274)	Jennes I.... Wuyts W.	2008	EXT1, EXT2
10	Proximal tibial osteochondromas in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (18245597)	Deirmengian G.K.... Kaplan F.S.	2008	ACVR1
11	Multiple osteochondromas. (18271966)	Bovee J.V.	2008	EXT1, EXT2, GTDC2
12	Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor disease): a rare developmental disorder of bone mimicking osteochondroma of long bones. (17490719)	Glick R.... Steiner G.C.	2007	EXT1, EXT2
13	A combined analytical approach reveals novel EXT1/2 gene mutations in a large cohort of Italian multiple osteochondromas patients. (17301954)	Signori E.... Fazio V.M.	2007	EXT1, EXT2
14	Decreased EXT expression and intracellular accumulation of heparan sulphate proteoglycan in osteochondromas and peripheral chondrosarcomas. (17226760)	Hameetman L.... Bovee J.V.	2007	EXT1, EXT2
15	The role of EXT1 in nonhereditary osteochondroma: identification of homozygous deletions. (17341731)	Hameetman L.... Hogendoorn P.C.	2007	EXT1
16	Defective chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in osteochondromas of MHE patients. (16476576)	Benoist-Lasselin C.... Legeai-Mallet L.	2006	FGFR3, EXT1
17	Determination of the mutation spectrum of the EXT1/EXT2 genes in British Caucasian patients with multiple osteochondromas, and exclusion of six candidate genes in EXT negative cases. (17041877)	Lonie L.... Ragoussis J.	2006	EXT1, EXT2
18	Soft tissue osteochondroma: case report and immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein. (16844564)	Ratcliff J.R.... Damron T.A.	2006	PTHLH
19	An optimized DHPLC protocol for molecular testing of the EXT1 and EXT2 genes in hereditary multiple osteochondromas. (16283885)	Wuyts W.... Vits L.	2005	EXT1, EXT2, GTDC2
20	Mutation screening of EXT1 and EXT2 by direct sequence analysis and MLPA in patients with multiple osteochondromas: splice site mutations and exonic deletions account for more than half of the mutations. (15586175)	Vink G.R.... Bakker E.	2005	EXT1, EXT2
21	Novel EXT1 and EXT2 mutations identified by DHPLC in Italian patients with multiple osteochondromas. (16088908)	Pedrini E.... Dallapiccola B.	2005	EXT1, EXT2
22	Multiple osteochondromas: clinicopathological and gen etic spectrum and suggestions for clinical management. (20233460)	Hameetman L.... Hogendoorn P.C.	2004	EXT1, EXT2
23	Of hedgehogs and hereditary bone tumors: re-examination of the pathogenesis of osteochondromas. (14575257)	Jones K.B.... Morcuende J.A.	2003	EXT1, EXT2
24	Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic evidence of recurrent 8q24.1 loss in osteochondroma. (12393280)	Feely M.G.... Bridge J.A.	2002	EXT1
25	Intermediate grade osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma arising in an osteochondroma. A case report of a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses. (11896078)	Bovee J.V.... Hogendoorn P.C.	2002	EXT2
26	Ext-mutation analysis in Italian sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas. (11668521)	Gigante M.... Fazio V.M.	2001	EXT1, EXT2
27	Involvement of BMP-2 signaling in a cartilage cap in osteochondroma. (11781009)	Nakase T.... Yoshikawa H.	2001	BMPR1B, BMP2
28	Role of FGF9 and FGF receptor 3 in osteochondroma formation. (11518409)	Robinson D.... Nevo Z.	2001	FGF9
29	Up-regulation of PTHrP and Bcl-2 expression characterizes the progression of osteochondroma towards peripheral chondrosarcoma and is a late event in central chondrosarcoma. (11140704)	Bovee J.V.... Hogendoorn P.C.	2000	FGFR1, FGFR3, FGF2
30	EXT-mutation analysis and loss of heterozygosity in sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas and secondary chondrosarcomas. (10441575)	Bovee J.V.M.G.... Hogendoorn P.C.W.	1999	EXT1, EXT2
31	The neoplastic pathogenesis of solitary and multiple osteochondromas. (10398153)	Porter D.E.... Simpson A.H.	1999	EXT1
32	Clonal karyotypic abnormalities of the hereditary mul tiple exostoses chromosomal loci 8q24.1 (EXT1) and 11p11-12 (EXT2) in patients with sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas. (9576285)	Bridge J.A.... Neff J.R.	1998	EXT1, EXT2
33	Hereditary Multiple Osteochondroma s (20301413)	Schmale G.A.... Raskind W.H.	1993	EXT1, EXT2

Genes related to osteochondroma according to GeneCards:

(show all 16)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	EXT2	exostosin 2	11.0	Publications
2	EXT1	exostosin 1	11.0	Publications
3	FGFR3	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	11.0	Publications
4	DUSP19	dual specificity phosphatase 19	11.0
5	E2F1	E2F transcription factor 1	11.0
6	PTHLH	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	11.0	Publications
7	TGFB2	transforming growth factor, beta 2	11.0
8	BMP2	bone morphogenetic protein 2	11.0	Publications
9	FGF9	fibroblast growth factor 9 (glia-activating factor)	11.0	Publications
10	NES	nestin	11.0	Publications
11	ACVR1	activin A receptor, type I	11.0	Publications
12	FGFR1	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	11.0	Publications
13	PTPN11	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	11.0
14	BMPR1B	bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB	11.0	Publications
15	FGF2	fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)	11.0	Publications
16	GTDC2	glycosyltransferase-like domain containing 2	10.0	Publications

Pathways related to osteochondroma according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 76)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases36	10.6	FGFR3
2	Development FGF-family signaling10	10.1	PTPN11, FGF9
3	TGF-beta signaling pathway20	9.2	BMP2, BMPR1B, ACVR1, TGFB2
4	14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling36	9.1	TGFB2, FGFR3, FGF2, BMP2
5	Angiogenesis3	9.1	TGFB2, FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3
6	Melanoma20	9.0	FGF9, FGFR1, FGF2, E2F1
7	FGF Pathway36	9.0	FGFR3, FGF2, FGFR1, FGF9
8	Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts36	8.8	BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2
9	RhoGDI Pathway36	8.8	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR3
10	p53 Mediated Apoptosis36	8.8	BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, TGFB2, FGFR3
11	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling36	8.8	TGFB2, BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3
12	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	8.7	BMP2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2
13	NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway36	8.7	BMP2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2
14	DHA Signaling36	8.7	FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2, BMP2
15	NF-KappaB Family Pathway36	8.7	FGF2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, BMP2
16	ERK5 Signaling36	8.7	FGFR3, TGFB2, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2
17	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	8.7	FGF2, BMP2, FGFR3, TGFB2, FGFR1
18	PPAR Pathway36	8.7	FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, FGFR3, TGFB2
19	eIF2 Pathway36	8.7	TGFB2, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, FGFR3
20	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency36	8.7	BMP2, TGFB2, FGF2, FGFR3, FGFR1
21	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A36	8.7	TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, BMP2, FGF2
22	Rac1 Pathway36	8.7	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2
23	p70S6K Signaling36	8.7	BMP2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2
24	IP3 Pathway36	8.7	FGFR3, TGFB2, BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1
25	Activation of PKC through GPCR36	8.7	BMP2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGF2, FGFR1
26	Paxillin Interactions36	8.6	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2
27	Renin-Angiotensin Pathway36	8.6	FGF2, BMP2, FGFR3, TGFB2, FGFR1
28	PTEN Pathway36	8.6	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2
29	Rap1 Pathway36	8.6	BMP2, FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2, FGF2
30	TGF-Beta Pathway36	8.6	FGFR3, TGFB2, BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1
31	Ras Pathway36	8.6	FGF2, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, BMP2
32	eNOS Signaling36	8.6	FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2, FGFR1, FGFR3
33	MAPK signaling pathway20	8.5	FGFR1, FGF9, FGF2, FGFR3, TGFB2
34	Development_FGF-family signaling41	8.5	PTPN11, FGF2, FGFR1, FGF9, FGFR3
35	CREB Pathway36	8.5	FGFR1, BMP2, FGF2, FGFR3, TGFB2
36	NFAT in Immune Response36	8.5	BMP2, FGFR3, FGF2, TGFB2, FGFR1
37	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	8.5	BMP2, E2F1, TGFB2, FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF2
38	Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin136	8.5	FGF2, FGFR1, TGFB2, E2F1, FGFR3, BMP2
39	Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency36	8.5	BMPR1B, BMP2, TGFB2, FGF2
40	Pathways in cancer20	8.5	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR3, BMP2, FGFR1, E2F1
41	PAK Pathway36	8.3	FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2, BMP2
42	Estrogen Pathway36	8.2	TGFB2, FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, FGFR3
43	Factors Promoting Cardiogenesis in Vertebrates36	8.2	BMPR1B, E2F1, TGFB2, ACVR1, FGF2, BMP2
44	Epithelial Adherens Junctions36	8.2	BMP2, PTPN11, TGFB2, FGFR1, FGF2
45	GPCR Pathway36	8.0	FGF2, BMP2, FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2
46	Tec Kinases Signaling36	7.7	FGFR1, FGFR3, TGFB2, BMP2, BMPR1B, FGF2
47	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C36	7.7	FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2, ACVR1, FGFR1, BMPR1B
48	p38 Signaling36	7.7	BMPR1B, FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3, ACVR1, TGFB2
49	Akt Signaling36	7.7	BMPR1B, BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, ACVR1, TGFB2
50	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer36	7.7	BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, ACVR1, E2F1, TGFB2

Compounds related to osteochondroma according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 62)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	lysine32	10.1	FGFR3, E2F1, PTHLH
2	pd 16157042	10.1	FGFR1, FGFR3
3	su 540242	10.0	FGFR1, FGFR3
4	su 666842	9.8	FGFR3, FGFR1
5	palifermin32 9 9	11.8	FGFR3, FGFR1
6	dopamine32 9 18 9	12.7	NES, BMP2, DUSP19
7	rapamycin32 42	10.4	E2F1, DUSP19, GTDC2, BMP2
8	su540232	9.4	FGFR1, FGF2, FGFR3
9	pd 17307432 42	10.4	FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR3
10	alginate32	9.3	FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2
11	su666832	9.3	FGFR1, FGF2
12	glycosaminoglycan32	9.2	FGF2, BMP2, EXT1, TGFB2
13	dihydrotestosterone32 9 18 9	12.1	BMP2, PTHLH, TGFB2, FGF2
14	nicotine32 34 9 9	12.1	DUSP19, FGF2, BMP2, PTHLH
15	cysteine32	9.0	DUSP19, FGFR1, TGFB2, FGFR3, GTDC2
16	tetracycline32 9 9	10.9	BMP2, PTPN11, E2F1, FGF2
17	calcitriol32 42 9 18 9	12.9	TGFB2, PTHLH, FGF2, BMP2
18	phosphotyrosine32	8.9	FGFR1, DUSP19, PTPN11, FGFR3
19	arginine32	8.9	PTPN11, BMP2, FGFR3, EXT1, EXT2, PTHLH
20	tgf beta132	8.9	FGF2, PTHLH, TGFB2, E2F1, BMP2
21	ascorbic acid32 18	9.9	E2F1, BMP2, TGFB2, FGF2, DUSP19
22	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	12.8	BMP2, FGFR1, TGFB2, NES, E2F1, PTHLH
23	ribonucleic acid32	8.8	TGFB2, BMP2, FGFR1, PTHLH
24	paraffin32	8.8	PTHLH, TGFB2, NES, FGF2, FGFR3
25	forskolin32 42 9 9	11.7	PTHLH, TGFB2, PTPN11, DUSP19, BMP2, FGFR1
26	paclitaxel32 34 9 9	11.7	FGFR1, FGF2, DUSP19, PTHLH, E2F1
27	pge232	8.7	FGF2, BMP2, DUSP19, PTHLH, TGFB2
28	genistein32 9 18 9	11.6	FGFR1, FGF2, BMP2, TGFB2, DUSP19
29	cycloheximide32	8.6	PTHLH, FGF2, DUSP19, BMP2, TGFB2, E2F1
30	matrigel32	8.5	NES, BMP2, FGF2, PTHLH, TGFB2, FGF9
31	polysaccharide32	8.5	FGF2, GTDC2, BMP2, DUSP19, FGFR1
32	glutamate32	8.4	FGFR1, E2F1, DUSP19, PTPN11, FGFR3, NES
33	oligonucleotide32	8.4	TGFB2, ACVR1, PTPN11, FGFR3, E2F1, FGFR1
34	sb 20358032 42	9.4	BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, PTPN11
35	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	11.3	NES, TGFB2, PTPN11, PTHLH, FGFR1, BMP2
36	agar32	8.3	PTPN11, FGFR1, PTHLH, FGF2, TGFB2, E2F1
37	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	12.1	FGFR3, BMP2, DUSP19, PTHLH, PTPN11, TGFB2
38	lipid32	8.1	PTHLH, BMP2, E2F1, NES, PTPN11, DUSP19
39	heparan sulfate32 18	9.1	BMP2, FGF2, PTHLH, EXT2, EXT1, FGFR1
40	phosphatidylinositol32	8.0	PTHLH, FGFR1, FGF2, TGFB2, E2F1, DUSP19
41	thymidine32 18	8.9	BMP2, FGF2, FGFR1, PTHLH, PTPN11, E2F1
42	bromodeoxyuridine32	7.9	FGFR1, PTHLH, PTPN11, TGFB2, NES, E2F1
43	threonine32	7.8	FGFR1, ACVR1, DUSP19, PTPN11, FGFR3, PTHLH
44	heparin32 9 18 9	10.6	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, PTHLH, TGFB2, GTDC2
45	calcium32 9 18 9	10.6	ACVR1, PTPN11, PTHLH, BMP2, FGF9, FGFR3
46	estrogen32	7.5	BMP2, TGFB2, NES, E2F1, DUSP19, FGFR1
47	retinoic acid32 42 18	9.3	E2F1, NES, TGFB2, GTDC2, PTHLH, DUSP19
48	vegf32	7.0	BMP2, FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, PTPN11, E2F1
49	tyrosine32	6.1	FGFR3, FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, DUSP19, PTHLH
50	serine32	5.9	BMP2, BMPR1B, FGF2, FGFR1, ACVR1, E2F1

Cellular components related to osteochondroma according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:005576	7.4	BMP2, GTDC2, FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, PTHLH

Biological processes related to osteochondroma according to GeneDecks:

(show all 34)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process	GO:033692	10.4	EXT2, EXT1
2	heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process	GO:015014	10.4	EXT1, EXT2
3	heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process	GO:015012	10.2	EXT1, EXT2
4	positive regulation of phospholipase activity	GO:010518	10.1	FGFR1, FGFR3
5	positive regulation of ossification	GO:045778	10.1	TGFB2, BMP2
6	cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition	GO:060317	10.1	BMP2, TGFB2
7	mesenchymal cell differentiation	GO:048762	10.0	BMP2, FGFR1
8	lung-associated mesenchyme development	GO:060484	10.0	FGFR1, FGF9
9	embryonic digestive tract development	GO:048566	9.8	FGF9, TGFB2
10	pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	GO:060389	9.8	TGFB2, BMP2, ACVR1
11	chondrocyte differentiation	GO:002062	9.8	FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR3
12	ovulation cycle	GO:042698	9.8	BMPR1B, BMP2
13	corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation	GO:060128	9.7	FGF2, BMP2
14	thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation	GO:060129	9.7	BMP2, FGF2
15	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:010628	9.6	FGF9, TGFB2, BMP2, E2F1
16	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	9.6	FGFR3, DUSP19, FGF9, FGFR1
17	eye development	GO:001654	9.6	BMPR1B, TGFB2
18	positive regulation of phospholipase C activity	GO:010863	9.5	FGF2, FGFR1
19	cell-cell signaling	GO:007267	9.5	FGF9, BMP2, PTHLH, TGFB2
20	positive regulation of bone mineralization	GO:030501	9.5	ACVR1, BMP2, BMPR1B
21	BMP signaling pathway	GO:030509	9.4	ACVR1, BMPR1B, BMP2
22	positive regulation of cell division	GO:051781	9.3	FGF2, FGF9, TGFB2
23	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:070374	9.3	FGF2, FGFR3, BMP2
24	organ induction	GO:001759	9.3	FGFR1, FGF2
25	positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	GO:060045	9.2	FGFR1, FGF9, FGF2
26	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	9.1	TGFB2, NES, ACVR1, FGFR1
27	axon guidance	GO:007411	9.0	TGFB2, PTPN11, EXT1, FGFR1
28	skeletal system development	GO:001501	8.7	BMP2, BMPR1B, FGFR1, FGFR3, EXT1, PTHLH
29	positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	GO:045669	8.7	BMP2, ACVR1, FGF2, BMPR1B
30	protein phosphorylation	GO:006468	8.6	ACVR1, BMPR1B, FGFR1, TGFB2
31	fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:008543	8.5	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR3, PTPN11
32	insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:008286	8.5	FGF2, FGF9, FGFR1, FGFR3, PTPN11
33	negative regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008285	8.4	BMP2, TGFB2, PTHLH, FGF2
34	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008284	8.4	FGFR3, FGFR1, TGFB2, FGF2, FGF9, PTHLH

Molecular functions related to osteochondroma according to GeneDecks:

(show all 16)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity	GO:042328	10.3	EXT2, EXT1
2	N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity	GO:050509	10.3	EXT2, EXT1
3	glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity	GO:050508	10.2	EXT2, EXT1
4	acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity	GO:008375	9.9	EXT2, EXT1
5	fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity	GO:005007	9.9	FGFR1, FGFR3
6	transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups	GO:016757	9.8	EXT1, GTDC2, EXT2
7	peptide hormone receptor binding	GO:051428	9.7	PTHLH, PTPN11
8	transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I	GO:005025	9.6	BMPR1B, ACVR1
9	transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity	GO:004675	9.5	ACVR1, BMPR1B
10	receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity	GO:004702	9.4	BMPR1B, ACVR1, TGFB2
11	SMAD binding	GO:046332	9.3	BMP2, BMPR1B, ACVR1
12	fibroblast growth factor receptor binding	GO:005104	9.3	FGF2, FGF9
13	fibroblast growth factor binding	GO:017134	9.2	FGF2, FGFR3, FGFR1
14	protein heterodimerization activity	GO:046982	9.1	EXT1, TGFB2, BMP2, EXT2
15	growth factor activity	GO:008083	8.8	BMP2, FGF2, FGF9, TGFB2
16	protein homodimerization activity	GO:042803	8.8	FGFR1, EXT1, EXT2, TGFB2, ACVR1, BMP2