Prader-willi Syndrome malady

MedlinePlus: Prader-willi syndrome (pws) is an uncommon genetic disorder. it causes poor muscle tone, low levels of sex hormones and a constant feeling of hunger. the part of the brain that controls feelings of fullness or hunger does not work properly in people with pws. they overeat, leading to obesity. babies with pws are usually floppy, with poor muscle tone, and have trouble sucking. boys may have undescended testicles. later, other signs appear. these include short stature poor motor skills weight gain underdeveloped sex organs mild mental retardation and learning disabilities there is no cure for pws. growth hormone and exercise can help build muscle mass and control weight. nih: national institute of child health and human development²³

MalaCards: Prader-willi Syndrome, also known as PWS, is related to leptin deficiency and obesity. An important gene associated with Prader-willi Syndrome is IPW (imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (non-protein coding)), and among its related pathways are G alpha (q) signalling events and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The compounds oxyntomodulin and c-peptide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include whole blood, brain and testis, and related mouse phenotypes are adipose tissue and endocrine/exocrine gland.

NIH Rare Diseases: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic condition that affects many parts of the body. At birth, babies with PWS have poor muscle tone and a weak cry. Initially, they are slow feeders and appear undernourished. The feeding problems improve after infancy and often between 2 to 4 years of age, children with PWS become very focused on food and have difficulty controlling their appetite. The overeating often results in rapid weight gain and obesity. Individuals with PWS also often have developmental delays and less-than-average adult height. PSW is caused by missing or non-working genes on chromosome 15. Most cases are not inherited, but occur randomly.³⁰

Genetics Home Reference: Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex genetic condition that affects many parts of the body. In infancy, this condition is characterized by weak muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development. Beginning in childhood, affected individuals develop an insatiable appetite, which leads to chronic overeating (hyperphagia) and obesity. Some people with Prader-Willi syndrome, particularly those with obesity, also develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (the most common form of diabetes).¹⁷

Wikipedia: Prader–Willi syndrome (pron.: /ˈprɑːdər ˈvɪli/; abbreviated PWS) is a rare genetic disorder in...⁴⁴ more...

OMIM: 176270

GeneReviews summary for pws

Aliases & Descriptions:

prader-willi syndrome 6 7 44 15 30 17 33 8 32 23 pws 44 15 30 16 17 prader-labhart-willi syndrome 44 15 17 willi-prader syndrome 30 16 17 prader labhart willi syndrome 30 16

obesity, muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, short stature, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and small hands and feet 30 prader-willi syndrome (disorder) 6 prader - willi syndrome 6 prader willi syndrome 6

Diseases related to prader-willi syndrome by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 228)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	leptin deficiency	33.7	LEP, LEPR, IL18, CCK, GH1, LSL
2	obesity	33.0	RETN, GCG, LEP, LEPR, ATP10A, INS
3	morbid obesity	31.8	RETN, GCG, LEP, LEPR, INS, CCK
4	angelman syndrome	31.8	NDN, PAR5, PAR-SN, PAR4, UBE3A, ATP10A
5	growth hormone deficiency	31.3	RETN, LEP, LEPR, INS, IGFBP1, IGFBP3
6	insulin resistance	31.2	RETN, GCG, LEP, LEPR, CFI, INS
7	craniopharyngioma	30.9	LEP, INS, IGF1, GH1, GHRL, TRH
8	hyperlipidemia	30.8	RETN, LEP, LEPR, INS, IGFBP3, IGF1
9	down syndrome	30.0	LEP, LEPR, FMR1, INS, MECP2, IGF1
10	diabetic retinopathy	29.9	LEP, SAG, INS, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1
11	hypogonadism	29.5	NDN, RETN, LEP, LEPR, INS, MAGEL2
12	nephropathy	29.3	RETN, GCG, LEP, INS, IL18, IGFBP1
13	diabetes mellitus	29.3	RETN, GCG, LEP, LEPR, INS, IL18
14	seizures	29.2	UBE3A, ATP10A, FMR1, INS, MECP2, IL18
15	pancreatitis	26.2	RETN, GCG, SCG2, LEP, LEPR, AVEN
16	eating disorder	14.4	RETN, LEP, LEPR, CCK, GHRL, PYY
17	autistic disorder	14.3	NDN, UBE3A, FMR1, MECP2, OXT, GABRA5
18	bulimia nervosa	14.1	LEP, CFI, CCK, PYY, LSL
19	sleep apnea	14.0	RETN, LEP, GHR, LSL, HCRT, NPY
20	insomnia	14.0	LEP, HTR2C, GHRL, HCRT, GABRB3
21	severe pre-eclampsia	13.9	LEP, LEPR, IGFBP1, LSL, ADIPOQ
22	obesity, association with	13.9	RETN, LEP, LEPR, INS, IGF1, GH1
23	protein-energy malnutrition	13.8	LEP, CCK, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GHRL
24	hypothyroidism	13.8	RETN, LEP, IGFBP3, GHRL, TRH, LSL
25	laron dwarfism	13.8	IGF1, GH1, GHR
26	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	13.8	RETN, LEP, LEPR, INS, GHRL, LSL
27	myoma	13.8	LEP, LEPR, GNRH1, LSL, OXT
28	uterine fibroid	13.8	LEPR, IGFBP1, IGF1, GNRH1, LSL, OXT
29	insulin-like growth factor i deficiency	13.7	IGF1, GH1, GHR
30	short bowel syndrome	13.7	GCG, LEP, CCK, IGF1, GH1, PYY
31	lipoatrophic diabetes	13.7	RETN, LEP, INS, ADIPOQ
32	insulin-like growth factor 1 resistance to	13.7	IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
33	anxiety disorder	13.7	CCK, HTR2C, TPH2, OXT, NPY
34	fetal macrosomia	13.7	LEP, INS, IGF1, OXT
35	congenital generalized lipodystrophy	13.7	LEP, INS, LSL, ADIPOQ
36	petrositis	13.7	IGF1, GH1, OXT, PRL
37	robinow syndrome	13.7	IGF1, GNRH1, GH1
38	uremia	13.6	RETN, LEP, INS, CCK, IGFBP1, IGF1
39	familial partial lipodystrophy	13.6	RETN, LEP, INS, ADIPOQ
40	scoliosis	13.6	LEP, MECP2, ANCR, IGF1, GNRH1, GH1
41	metabolic syndrome x	13.6	LEP, INS, IGFBP1, LSL, ADIPOQ
42	pituitary gland disease	13.6	IGF1, GH1, PRL
43	carcinoid syndrome	13.6	IGF1, GHRH, PYY, SST, PPY, NPY
44	pre-eclampsia	13.6	RETN, LEP, LEPR, IL18, IGFBP1, IGFBP3
45	isolated growth hormone deficiency	13.6	IGF1, GH1, GHRH, GHSR
46	was-related disorders	13.6	LEP, FMR1, INS, MECP2, IGF1, GNRH1
47	autonomic dysfunction	13.5	INS, MECP2, HCRT, NPY, ADIPOQ
48	bilirubin metabolic disorder	13.5	RETN, GCG, LEP, LEPR, INS, IGFBP1
49	rabson-mendenhall syndrome	13.5	LEP, INS, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1
50	familial combined hyperlipidemia	13.5	LEP, LEPR, INS, LSL, C3, ADIPOQ

Clinical features from OMIM: 176270

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

Genetic tests related to prader-willi syndrome:

id	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Prader-willi Syndrome clinical/research

MalaCards organs/tissues related to prader-willi syndrome:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to prader-willi syndrome:

²⁵

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	8.8	RETN, TPH2, PYY, SNRPN, AGRP, OCA2
2	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	7.5	GHR, GHRH, GHRL, TRH, TYR, OXT
3	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	7.3	TYR, AGRP, HCRT, ACADS, NIPAL3, SNRPN
4	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	6.5	ACADS, SNRPN, SST, PYY, TPH2, TRH

Articles related to prader-willi syndrome:

(show top 50)    (show all 160)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	TPH2 G/T polymorphism is associated with hyperphagia, IQ, and internalizing problems in Prader-Willi syndrome. (21418060)	Dykens E.M.... Butler M.G.	2011	TPH2
2	Copy number variations at the Prader-Willi syndrome r egion on chromosome 15 and associations with obesity in whites. (21233802)	Chen Y.... Deng H.W.	2011	SNRPN
3	Mice with altered serotonin 2C receptor RNA editing d isplay characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome. (20394819)	Morabito M.V.... Emeson R.B.	2010	HTR2C
4	A paternal deletion of MKRN3, MAGEL2 and NDN does not result in Prader-Willi syndrome. (19066619)	Kanber D.... Buiting K.	2009	MKRN3, NPAP1
5	Efficacy and safety of long-term continuous growth ho rmone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (19837938)	de Lind van Wijngaarden R.F.... Hokken-Koelega A.C.	2009	IGFBP3
6	Persistent growth failure in Prader-Willi syndrome associated with short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene variant. (18184946)	Giurgiutiu D.V.... Holden K.R.	2008	ACADS
7	Necdin plays a role in the serotonergic modulation of the mouse respiratory network: implication for Prader-Willi syndrome. (18272695)	Zanella S.... Hilaire G.	2008	NDN
8	Changes in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) under growth hormone therapy (17340066)	LAommer C.... Weimann E.	2007	GH1
9	Altered distribution of adiponectin isoforms in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): association with insulin sensitivity and circulating satiety peptide hormones. (17666087)	Haqq A.M.... Freemark M.S.	2007	ADIPOQ
10	A lesser postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin in Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with low fasting and a blunted postprandial PYY response. (17223988)	Gimenez-Palop O.... Caixas A.	2007	PYY
11	Conditional cardiovascular response to growth hormone therapy in adult patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. (17264185)	Marzullo P.... Grugni G.	2007	IGF1
12	Effects of growth hormone therapy on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity indices in prepubertal children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (17337902)	CrinA^ A.... Maggioni A.	2007	INS
13	Obestatin is not elevated or correlated with insulin in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (17047025)	Park W.H.... Jin D.K.	2007	GHRL
14	Circulating adiponectin levels, body composition and obesity-related variables in Prader-Willi syndrome: comparison with obese subjects. (16231029)	Kennedy L.... Butler M.G.	2006	LEP, ADIPOQ
15	Quantitative assay of deletion or duplication genotype by capillary electrophoresis system: Application in Prader-Willi syndrome and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (17040959)	Hung C.C.... Lin W.L.	2006	SNRPN
16	Neural representations of hunger and satiety in Prader-Willi syndrome. (16276365)	Hinton E.C.... Owen A.M.	2006	PYY
17	The Prader-Willi syndrome murine imprinting center is not involved in the spatio-temporal transcriptional regulation of the Necdin gene. (15634360)	Watrin F.... Muscatelli F.	2005	SNRPN, NDN, MAGEL2
18	The number of hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) neurons is not affected in Prader-Willi syndrome. (15985489)	Fronczek R.... Swaab D.F.	2005	HCRT
19	Electroclinical characteristics of seizures-comparing Prader--Willi syndrome with Angelman syndrome. (15668048)	Wang P.J.... Lee W.T.	2005	UBE3A
20	Exclusion of the C/D box snoRNA gene cluster HBII-52 from a major role in Prader-Willi syndrome. (15565282)	Runte M.... Buiting K.	2005	SNRPN, NDN, MAGEL2
21	Plasma peptide YY and ghrelin levels in infants and children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (15506676)	Butler M.G.... Talebizadeh Z.	2004	GHRL
22	Hyperghrelinemia is a common feature of Prader-Willi syndrome and pituitary stalk interruption: a pathophysiological hypothesis. (15192277)	Tauber M.... Salles J.P.	2004	GHRL
23	Maintenance of a normal meal-induced decrease in plasma ghrelin levels in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (15057669)	Bizzarri C.... Muller E.E.	2004	GHRL
24	Circulating ghrelin levels are suppressed by meals and octreotide therapy in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. (12915638)	Haqq A.M.... Purnell J.Q.	2003	GHRL
25	Peptides associated with hyperphagia in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome before and during GH treatment. (14624765)	HAPybye C.... ThorAcn M.	2003	NPY, GHRL
26	Somatic mosaicism for maternal uniparental disomy 15 in a girl with Prader-Willi syndrome: confirmation by cell cloning and identification of candidate downstream genes. (12944418)	Horsthemke B.... Buiting K.	2003	SCG2
27	Increased adrenal androgen levels in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome are associated with insulin, IGF-I, and leptin, but not with measures of obesity. (12401940)	L'allemand D.... Gasser T.	2002	IGF1, LEP
28	Expression and imprinting of MAGEL2 suggest a role in Prader-Willi syndrome and the homologous murine imprinting phenotype. (10915770)	Lee S.... Wevrick R.	2000	MAGEL2
29	GH/IGF-I axis in Prader-Willi syndrome: evaluation of IGF-I levels and of the somatotroph responsiveness to various provocative stimuli. Genetic Obesity Study Group of Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. (10800760)	Corrias A.... CrinA^ A.	2000	IGF1
30	Adult patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: clinical c haracteristics, life circumstances and growth hormone secretion. (10984259)	Partsch C.J.... Pankau R.	2000	IGF1
31	Identification of a testis-specific gene (c15orf2) in the Prader- Willi syndrome region on chromosome 15. (10783265)	Faerber C.... Horsthemke B.	2000	NPAP1
32	Is there growth hormone deficiency in prader-willi Syndrome? Six arguments to support the presence of hypothalamic growth hormone deficiency in Prader-Willi syndrome. (10971104)	Eiholzer U.... L'allemand D.	2000	IGF1, GH1
33	Paternal deletion from Snrpn to Ube3a in the mouse causes hypotonia, growth retardation and partial lethality and provides evidence for a gene contributing to Prader-Willi syndrome. (10400982)	Tsai T.F.... Beaudet A.L.	1999	UBE3A, SNRPN, NDN
34	Analysis of imprinted genes in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome and chromosome 15 abnormalities. (11258349)	Muralidhar B.... Butler M.G.	1999	IPW
35	Five years of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Swedish National Growth Hormone Advisory Group. (10626558)	Lindgren A.C.... RitzAcn E.M.	1999	GH1
36	Cerebrospinal fluid levels of oxytocin in Prader-Willi syndrome: a preliminary report. (9861478)	Martin A.... Leckman J.F.	1998	OXT
37	Maternal disomy and Prader-Willi syndrome consistent with gamete complementation in a case of familial translocation (3;15) (p25;q11.2). (9674903)	Park J.P.... Mohandas T.K.	1998	GABRB3
38	Imprinting in Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. (9691003)	Jiang Y.... Beaudet A.L.	1998	NDN
39	Troglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance in a diabetic patient with Prader-Willi syndrome. (9925352)	Yamakita T.... Fujii S.	1998	INS
40	A mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome imprinting-centre mutations. (9590284)	Yang T.... Brannan C.I.	1998	SNRPN
41	Hyperlipidemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and rapidly progressive diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Prader-Willi syndrome with del(15)(q11.2q13). (9268093)	Bassali R.... Tuck-Muller C.M.	1997	INS
42	The necdin gene is deleted in Prader-Willi syndrome and is imprinted in human and mouse. (9302265)	MacDonald H.R.... Wevrick R.	1997	NDN
43	The human necdin gene, NDN, is maternally imprinted and located in the Prader-Willi syndrome chromosomal region. (9354807)	Jay P.... Muscatelli F.	1997	NDN
44	Breakage in the SNRPN locus in a balanced 46,XY,t(15;19) Prader-Willi syndrome patient. (8845846)	Sun Y.... Palmer C.G.	1996	SNRPN, SNURF, IPW
45	Diagnostic test for the Prader-Willi syndrome by SNRPN expression in blood. (8874459)	Wevrick R.... Francke U.	1996	SNRPN
46	Allele specificity of DNA replication timing in the Angelman/Prader-Willi syndrome imprinted chromosomal region. (8136833)	Knoll J.H.... Lalande M.	1994	GABRB3, GABRA5
47	Maternal imprinting of the mouse Snrpn gene and conserved linkage homology with the human Prader-Willi syndrome region. (1303276)	Leff S.E.... Jenkins N.A.	1992	SNRPN
48	Somatic recombination rather than uniparental disomy suggested as another mechanism by which genetic imprinting may play a role in the etiology of Prader-Willi syndrome. (1683645)	Gregory C.A.... Hamerton J.L.	1991	NMB
49	Growth hormone secretion in Prader-Willi syndrome. (2267923)	Costeff H.... Shaver J.	1990	IGF1
50	Blunted pancreatic polypeptide responses in children with obesity of Prader-Willi syndrome. (7014602)	Zipf W.B.... Sotos J.	1981	PPY

Genes related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 172)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	IPW	imprinted in Prader-Willi syndrome (non-protein coding)	11.1	Summaries, Publications, Aliases & Descriptions, Orthologs
2	SNRPN	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N	11.1	Publications, Aliases & Descriptions, Summaries
3	ANCR	Angelman syndrome chromosome region	11.1	Summaries
4	NDN	necdin homolog (mouse)	11.1	Publications, UniProt Related, Summaries
5	MAGEL2	MAGE-like 2	11.1	Publications, Summaries
6	SNURF	SNRPN upstream reading frame	11.1	Summaries, Functions, Publications, Disorders
7	GABRB3	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, beta 3	11.1	Publications, Summaries
8	MKRN3	makorin ring finger protein 3	11.1	Publications, Summaries, UniProt Related, Disorders
9	NIPA2	non imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 2	11.1	Disorders, Publications, Summaries
10	SNORD116@	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116 cluster	11.1	Aliases & Descriptions
11	NPAP1	nuclear pore associated protein 1	11.1	Summaries, Publications
12	SNORD109B	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 109B	11.0	Summaries
13	SNORD109A	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 109A	11.0	Summaries
14	SNORD64	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 64	11.0	Summaries
15	PWRN1	Prader-Willi region non-protein coding RNA 1	11.0	Summaries
16	AGRP	agouti related protein homolog (mouse)	11.0	Publications
17	GHRL	ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide	11.0	Publications
18	TRO	trophinin	11.0	Disorders
19	PYY	peptide YY	11.0	Publications
20	UBE3A	ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	11.0	Publications
21	HCRT	hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor	11.0	Publications
22	GABRA5	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5	11.0	Publications
23	RETN	resistin	11.0	Publications
24	LSL	Leptin, serum levels of	11.0	Publications
25	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	Publications
26	OXT	oxytocin, prepropeptide	11.0	Publications
27	ADIPOQ	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	11.0	Publications
28	MECP2	methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome)	11.0
29	LEPR	leptin receptor	11.0	Publications
30	LEP	leptin	11.0	Publications
31	IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)	11.0	Publications
32	F2R	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	11.0
33	CCK	cholecystokinin	11.0	Publications
34	FMR1	fragile X mental retardation 1	11.0
35	NPY	neuropeptide Y	11.0	Publications
36	SNORD115@	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115 cluster	11.0	Publications
37	MKRN3-AS1	MKRN3 antisense RNA 1	11.0	Publications
38	PAR-SN	paternally expressed transcript PAR-SN	11.0	Publications
39	SNORD116-9	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-9	11.0	Publications
40	SNORD115-21	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-21	11.0	Publications
41	SNORD115-4	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-4	11.0	Publications
42	SNORD115-22	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-22	11.0	Publications
43	SNORD115-39	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-39	11.0	Publications
44	SNORD115-40	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-40	11.0	Publications
45	SNORD115-43	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-43	11.0	Publications
46	SNORD115-20	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-20	11.0	Publications
47	SNORD115-42	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-42	11.0	Publications
48	SNORD115-25	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-25	11.0	Publications
49	SNORD115-41	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 115-41	11.0	Publications
50	SNORD116-8	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116-8	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G alpha (q) signalling events38	9.6	CCK, NMB, OXT, HCRT, TRH, GHSR
2	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction20	9.3	GABRB3, GABRA5, PRL, GHSR, GHR, GH1

Compounds related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 124)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	oxyntomodulin32 42	11.8	ADIPOQ, NPY, AGRP, HCRT, GHRL, LEP
2	c-peptide32	10.7	HCRT, RETN, GCG, LEP, CCK, GHR
3	rimonabant32 9 9	12.6	ADIPOQ, HCRT, CCK, GCG, LEP, GHRL
4	orlistat32 42 9 9	13.6	GHRL, NPY, ADIPOQ, LSL, PYY, GCG
5	carbohydrates32	10.5	PYY, F2R, CCK, CFI, NPY, GHR
6	intralipid32	10.4	LEP, CCK, GHRL, PYY, SST, LSL
7	corticosterone32 18	11.3	LEPR, PRL, LEP, GHRL, GH1, HCRT
8	pirenzepine32 9 9	12.2	GH1, GCG, GHRL, SST, GHRH, IGF1
9	acipimox32	10.1	IGF1, GHRL, GCG, LEP, INS, GH1
10	2-deoxyglucose32	10.1	C3, IGFBP1, IGF1, INS, GHRL, ADIPOQ
11	glucose32	10.1	TRH, SCG2, GCG, AGRP, GHSR
12	metformin32 34 9 9	13.1	GH1, INS, GCG, RETN, LEP, IGFBP1
13	cocaine32 9 9	12.0	GNRH1, PRL, HTR2C, F2R, CCK, LEPR
14	sibutramine32 9 9	12.0	LEP, INS, ADIPOQ, PYY, NPY, LSL
15	pramlintide32 9 9	12.0	CCK, PYY, GCG, GHRL, LEP, INS
16	dhea32	9.9	GH1, IGF1, ADIPOQ, PRL, LSL, IGFBP3
17	opiate32	9.9	NPY, GHRL, GNRH1, CCK, SAG, GH1
18	pegvisomant32 9 9	11.9	GHRL, GHRH, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3
19	fenfluramine32 9 9	11.8	LEP, GHRH, CCK, IGFBP3, HTR2C, TRH
20	gaba32 42	10.8	HDC, GABRG3, GABRB3, GABRA5, NPY, HCRT
21	naloxone32 34 9 9	12.7	PRL, OXT, SST, GHRL, GHRH, GNRH1
22	triiodothyronine32	9.7	LEP, PRL, GHR, LSL, TRH, GHRH
23	pyridostigmine32 9 9	11.7	GH1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, PRL, IGF1, SST
24	hexarelin32	9.5	PRL, OXT, SST, GHSR, GHRL, GHRH
25	creatinine32	9.5	ADIPOQ, C3, IL18, RETN, GCG, LEP
26	gnrh32	9.5	PYY, GCG, SCG2, LEP, LEPR, INS
27	naltrexone32 34 9 9	12.4	IGFBP3, GNRH1, IGF1, GHRH, GH1, NPY
28	buserelin32 9 9	11.4	GNRH1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, PRL, IGF1, SST
29	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate32	9.4	GNRH1, LSL, GHRL, GHR, GH1, IGF1
30	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	12.4	TRH, SST, ADIPOQ, NMB, NPY, HCRT
31	ghrp32	9.4	GH1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GHR, PRL, SST
32	clonidine32 9 9	11.4	GH1, IGF1, SST, IGFBP3, LEP, GHR
33	androstenedione32 18	10.4	IGFBP1, IGFBP3, INS, LEPR, LEP, GH1
34	lanreotide32	9.3	IGF1, GHSR, GHRH, GHR, GH1, SST
35	clomiphene citrate32	9.3	PRL, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3
36	5-hydroxytryptamine32	9.2	TYR, NPY, PRL, HCRT, SCG2, SAG
37	cabergoline32 9 9	11.2	GHR, GH1, GNRH1, HTR2C, IGF1, IGFBP3
38	estradiol32 9 18 9	12.0	GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3, LEPR, GHRL
39	epinephrine32 9 18 9	11.9	SST, GHRL, PRL, GNRH1, F2R, IGFBP3
40	thyroxine32 18	9.9	HCRT, LSL, SST, TRH, GHRL, OXT
41	bromocriptine32 9 9	10.9	GHR, IGFBP3, SST, TRH, GNRH1, GHRH
42	acth32	8.9	PYY, TRH, GHSR, GHRL, GHRH, GHR
43	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	11.7	PRL, NPY, ADIPOQ, RETN, GCG, SCG2
44	dopamine32 9 18 9	11.6	GNRH1, GCG, LEPR, F2R, IGF1, TYR
45	octreotide32 42 9 9	11.6	ADIPOQ, NPY, PRL, LSL, SST, PYY
46	testosterone32 9 18 9	11.5	GHSR, GHR, IGFBP3, IGFBP1, CCK, IL18
47	glutamate32	8.1	HCRT, HIST2H3C, LEP, OXT, NPY, ADIPOQ
48	arginine32	8.1	HIST2H3C, TYR, PRL, NPY, NMB, ADIPOQ
49	estrogen32	8.1	OXT, PRL, IL18, GHRL, GHRH, GH1
50	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	12.0	IL18, CCK, INS, SST, IGFBP3, LEP

Cellular components related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	secretory granule	GO:030141	9.5	OXT, HCRT, TRH, GHRL, INS, SCG2
2	extracellular space	GO:005615	8.2	GCG, GHRH, GHRL, PYY, SST, AGRP
3	extracellular region	GO:005576	7.8	GHRH, GHRL, TRH, PYY, SST, PPY

Biological processes related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 11)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	eating behavior	GO:042755	10.7	OXT, HCRT, PYY, TRH, CCK, LEP
2	adult feeding behavior	GO:008343	10.6	LEP, GHRL, GHSR, AGRP, NPY, NMB
3	positive regulation of appetite	GO:032100	10.5	GHRL, GHSR, NPY
4	feeding behavior	GO:007631	10.3	NPY, AGRP, PYY, HTR2C, GCG
5	negative regulation of appetite	GO:032099	10.3	GCG, LEP, CCK
6	growth hormone secretion	GO:030252	10.1	GHRH, GHRL, GHSR
7	hormone-mediated signaling pathway	GO:009755	10.1	GHR, GHRL, GHSR, TRH, AGRP
8	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:043568	10.1	GHSR, GHRH, GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3
9	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:040018	10.0	GHSR, GHRL, GHRH, GHR, GH1
10	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	10.0	ADIPOQ, GHR, GH1, IGF1, CCK, INS
11	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade	GO:014068	10.0	GH1, F2R, IGF1, INS, UBE3A

Molecular functions related to prader-willi syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuropeptide hormone activity	GO:005184	10.5	AGRP, HCRT, PYY, TRH, CCK, NPY
2	hormone activity	GO:005179	8.8	RETN, ADIPOQ, NMB, PRL, PPY, SST