Summaries for Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
30NIH Rare Diseases, 17Genetics Home Reference, 44Wikipedia, 15GeneReviews, 22MalaCards
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NIH Rare Diseases: Proteus syndrome is characterized by excessive growth of a part or portion of the body. The overgrowth can cause differences in appearance and with time, an increased risk for blood clots and tumors. It is caused by a change (mutation) in the AKT1 gene. It is not inherited, but occurs as a random mutation in a body cell in a developing baby (fetus) early in pregnancy. The AKT1 gene mutation affects only a portion of the body cells. This is why only a portion of the body is affected and why individuals with Proteus syndrome can be very differently affected. Management of the condition often requires a team of specialists with knowledge of the wide array of features and complications of this condition.30

MalaCards: Proteus Syndrome, also known as proteus syndrome (disorder), is related to cowden disease and tuberous sclerosis. An important gene associated with Proteus Syndrome is AKT1 (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1), and among its related pathways are Development_EGFR signaling via PIP3 and Regulation of Signaling by NODAL. The compounds ptdins(3)p and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, and related mouse phenotypes are respiratory system and embryogenesis.

Genetics Home Reference: Proteus syndrome is a rare condition characterized by overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues. Organs and tissues affected by the disease grow out of proportion to the rest of the body. The overgrowth is usually asymmetric, which means it affects the right and left sides of the body differently. Newborns with Proteus syndrome have few or no signs of the condition. Overgrowth becomes apparent between the ages of 6 and 18 months and gets more severe with age.17

Wikipedia: Proteus syndrome, also known as Wiedemann syndrome (named after the German paediatrician Hans-Rudolf...44 more...

GeneReviews summary for proteus

Aliases & Descriptions for Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
2CDC, 43UMLS, 6Disease Ontology, 15GeneReviews, 30NIH Rare Diseases, 17Genetics Home Reference, 8DISEASES, 32Novoseek , 16GeneTests, 40SNOMED-CT, 27NCIt, 24MeSH, 33OMIM
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Aliases & Descriptions:

proteus syndrome 6 15 30 17 8 32 43
proteus syndrome (disorder) 6 16
partial gigantism of hands and feet, nevi, hemihypertrophy, macrocephaly 30
hemihypertrophy and macrocephaly 30
hamartoma syndrome, multiple 17
beckwith-wiedemann syndrome 43
wiedemann's syndrome 6
hamartoma 43
ps 17

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Related Diseases for Proteus Syndrome

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13GeneCards, 14GeneDecks
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Diseases related to proteus syndrome by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 194)
idRelated DiseaseScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1cowden disease32.5LYPD1, PTEN, AKT1
2tuberous sclerosis30.4CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
3bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba syndrome29.2LYPD1, PTEN, CDKN3
4overgrowth syndrome28.1GPC3, AKT1, AGGF1
5neuroblastoma27.8AGGF1, PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, GPC3, CDKN3
6retinitis26.8PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3, LEFTY2, PDCD10
7meningioma26.7PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3, PDCD10
8cholangiocarcinoma25.5LYPD1, PTEN, AKT1, GPC3, CDKN3
9endometrial carcinoma25.3PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3
10seizures24.9PTEN, CALB2, CDKN3, PDCD10
11lung adenocarcinoma24.5GPC3, CALB2, AKT1, PTEN
12renal cell carcinoma24.3PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, GPC3, CDKN3
13beckwith-wiedemann syndrome13.5
14overnutrition13.3AKT1, CDKN3
15ivemark syndrome13.2LEFTY1, LEFTY2
16leopard syndrome13.2CDKN3, AKT1
17hemangioma of lung13.2CDKN3, PTEN
18chordoma13.0CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
19ruvalcaba syndrome13.0CDKN3, PTEN, LYPD1
20carney complex13.0LYPD1, PTEN
21bilateral breast cancer13.0CDKN3, PTEN
22vascular malformations12.9AKT1, GLMN
23gliosarcoma12.9CDKN3, PTEN
24adenoid cystic carcinoma12.9CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
25cervical endometrioid adenocarcinoma12.8CALB2, PTEN
26vascular disease12.8PDCD10, GLMN
27adenofibroma12.8PTEN, CALB2
28venous malformations12.7PDCD10, GLMN
29cerebral cavernous malformations12.7PDCD10, CDKN3, PTEN
30cavernous malformation12.7PDCD10, CDKN3, PTEN
31focal cortical dysplasia12.5CALB2, AKT1, PTEN
32sporadic breast cancer12.5PTEN, AKT1, CDKN3
33brain injury12.5SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, CDKN3
34cystic teratoma12.5PTEN, CALB2, CDKN3
35cervical adenocarcinoma12.5PTEN, AKT1, CALB2
36abrikosov's tumor12.5CALB2, AKT1, PTEN
37angiosarcoma12.5CDKN3, CALB2, PTEN
38liver cancer12.5CDKN3, GPC3, AKT1, PTEN
39thyroid cancer12.4PTEN, AKT1, GPC3, CDKN3
40malignant pleural mesothelioma12.4CDKN3, CALB2, AKT1
41thymoma12.2PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3
42endometrial cancer12.0LEFTY1, CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
43endometriosis12.0PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, LEFTY2
44teratoma12.0CDKN3, GPC3, CALB2, PTEN
45klippel-trenaunay syndrome11.9SYNGAP1, AGGF1, GLMN, PDCD10
46rhabdomyosarcoma11.9AKT1, CALB2, GPC3, CDKN3
47prion disease11.9AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3, PDCD10
48ovarian carcinoma11.6PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, GPC3, CDKN3
49cerebritis11.0SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3, PDCD10
50breast cancer10.7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to proteus syndrome:



Graphical network of diseases related to proteus syndrome

Clinical Features for Proteus Syndrome

Drugs & Therapeutics for Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
4CenterWatch, 29NIH Clinical Center, 5ClinicalTrials, 43UMLS, 28NDF-RT
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Approved drugs:

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Drug clinical trials:

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Genetic Tests for Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
16GeneTests
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Genetic tests related to proteus syndrome:

id Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Proteus Syndrome
clinical/research
AKT1

Anatomical Context for Proteus Syndrome

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22MalaCards
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MalaCards organs/tissues related to proteus syndrome:

22
Skin

Phenotypes for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
25MGI
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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to proteus syndrome:

25
idDescriptionMGI Source AccessionScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1respiratory system phenotypeMP:00053888.7LEFTY1, LEFTY2, GPC3, AKT1, PTEN
2embryogenesis phenotypeMP:00053807.6PTEN, AKT1, GLMN, GPC3, LEFTY2, LEFTY1
3cardiovascular system phenotypeMP:00053857.6PTEN, AKT1, GLMN, GPC3, LEFTY2, LEFTY1
4mortality/agingMP:00107687.3SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, GLMN, LEFTY2, LEFTY1
5growth/size phenotypeMP:00053787.0SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, GLMN, GPC3, LEFTY2
6nervous system phenotypeMP:00036316.6PDCD10, LYPD1, SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, GLMN

Publications for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
35PubMed
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Articles related to proteus syndrome:

idTitleAuthorsYearAffiliating Genes
1A mosaic activating mutation in AKT1 associated with the Proteus syndrome. (21793738)Lindhurst M.J.... Biesecker L.G.2011AKT1
2Epidermal naevus in Proteus syndrome showing loss of heterozygosity for an inherited PTEN mutation. (16704655)Loffeld A.... Moss C.2006PTEN
3Unusual fallopian tube neoplasm in a 10-year-old patient with Proteus syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. (16944982)Funk T.... Troxell M.2006CALB2
4Mutation analysis of the tumor suppressor PTEN and the glypican 3 (GPC3) gene in patients diagnosed with Proteus syndrome. (15372512)Thiffault I.... Foulkes W.D.2004PTEN, GPC3
5Proteus syndrome: misdiagnosis with PTEN mutations. (14518070)Cohen M.M.... Biesecker L.G.2003PTEN
6Germline mutation of the tumour suppressor PTEN in Proteus syndrome. (12471211)Smith J.M.... Marsh D.J.2002PTEN
7PTEN mutations and proteus syndrome. (11755639)Eng C.... Winter R.M.2001PTEN
8PTEN mutations are uncommon in Proteus syndrome. (11476065)Barker K.... Harper J.2001PTEN
9PTEN mutations and proteus syndrome. (11755638)Biesecker L.G.... Cohen M.M.2001PTEN

Expression for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
1BioGPS
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Expression patterns in normal tissues for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Pathways for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
41Thomson Reuters, 38Reactome, 10EMD Millipore
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Pathways related to proteus syndrome according to GeneDecks:

idPathwayScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1Development_EGFR signaling via PIP3419.9AKT1, PTEN
2Regulation of Signaling by NODAL389.7LEFTY1, LEFTY2
3Development EGFR signaling via PIP3109.6AKT1, PTEN

Compounds for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
32Novoseek , 42Tocris Bioscience, 9DrugBank, 34PharmGKB, 18HMDB
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Compounds related to proteus syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 12)
idCompoundScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1ptdins(3)p32 10.0CDKN3, AKT1
2phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate32 9.9CDKN3, PTEN
3calyculin a32 42 9 9 12.9CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
4gefitinib32 34 9 9 12.9CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
5inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate32 9 9 11.8AKT1, PTEN
6phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate32 18 10.8CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
7inositol32 9.7CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
8arsenite32 18 10.3CDKN3, AKT1, PTEN
9rapamycin32 42 10.3PTEN, AKT1, GLMN, CDKN3
105-hydroxytryptamine32 9.2AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3
11nmda32 42 9.9SYNGAP1, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3
12estrogen32 8.4PTEN, AKT1, CALB2, CDKN3, LEFTY2

GO Terms for genes affiliated with Proteus Syndrome

Sources:
12Gene Ontology
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Biological processes related to proteus syndrome according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1regulation of neuron projection developmentGO:01097510.0AKT1, PTEN
2negative regulation of cell sizeGO:04579210.0AKT1, PTEN
3negative regulation of axonogenesisGO:0507719.6PTEN, SYNGAP1
4protein kinase B signaling cascadeGO:0434919.6AKT1, PTEN
5angiogenesisGO:0015259.2PDCD10, PTEN, AGGF1
6negative regulation of apoptotic processGO:0430668.8SYNGAP1, PTEN, AKT1, PDCD10

Molecular functions related to proteus syndrome according to GeneDecks:

idNameGO IDScoreTop Affiliating Genes
1protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activityGO:0081389.9CDKN3, PTEN
2transforming growth factor beta receptor bindingGO:0051609.5LEFTY1, LEFTY2

Sources for Proteus Syndrome

2CDC
11FMA
18HMDB
19ICD9CM
20KEGG
24MeSH
25MGI
27NCIt
28NDF-RT
31NINDS
32Novoseek
33OMIM
35PubMed
36QIAGEN
43UMLS