Synostosis malady

Wikipedia: Synostosis means fusion of two bones, it can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epifyse, or abnormal....⁴⁴ more...

MalaCards: Synostosis is related to antley-bixler syndrome and muenke syndrome. An important gene associated with Synostosis is HOXA11 (homeobox A11), and among its related pathways are Development FGF-family signaling and Development_FGF-family signaling. The compounds pd 161570 and su5402 have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Related mouse phenotypes are pigmentation and no phenotypic analysis.

Disease Ontology: A dysostosis that results in abnormal fusing of adjacent bones.⁶

Aliases & Descriptions:

synostosis 6 8 32

Diseases related to synostosis by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 134)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	antley-bixler syndrome	29.7	FGFRL1, CYP51A1, FGFR2, POR, FGFR1
2	muenke syndrome	29.1	FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, FGFR1
3	radioulnar synostosis	28.1	TWIST1, TBX4, HOXA11, MASP1, GREM1, ATRNL1
4	plagiocephaly	27.8	FGFR2, FGFR1, TWIST1, FGFR3
5	hydrocephalus	27.5	TWIST1, FGFR3, FGFR2, RECQL4, FGFR1
6	saethre-chotzen syndrome	27.3	TWIST1, FGFR2, MSX2, RECQL4, FGFR1, FGFR3
7	acrocephalosyndactylia	27.3	FGF10, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF4
8	hypogonadism	27.1	IHH, FGFR1, SERPINA6, NOG, RECQL4
9	strabismus	26.9	BMP4, FGFR3, FGFR2
10	hearing loss	26.2	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGF10, FMN1, GDF5, GREM1
11	syndactyly	24.9	MSX2, ATRNL1, FGF10, FGFR1, FGFR3, IHH
12	craniosynostosis	23.3	EFNB1, NELL1, POR, TWIST1, FGFR1, BMP2
13	thanatophoric dysplasia	13.7	FGFR2, FGFR3
14	crouzonodermoskeletal syndrome	13.7	FGFR3, FGFR2
15	jackson-weiss syndrome	13.6	FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3
16	osteoglophonic dysplasia	13.6	FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR1
17	fgfr-related craniosynostosis syndromes	13.6	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
18	beare-stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome	13.6	FGFR3, FGFR2
19	hypochondroplasia	13.6	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
20	enlarged parietal foramina	13.5	MSX2, ALX4
21	cushing's symphalangism	13.5	GDF5, NOG
22	cockayne syndrome	13.5	FGFR2, TWIST1, FGFR1, FGFR3
23	baller-gerold syndrome	13.5	RECQL4, TWIST1
24	parietal foramina	13.4	MSX2, RECQL4, ALX4
25	crouzon syndrome	13.3	MSX2, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1
26	autosomal dominant disease	13.3	ALX4, FGFR3, MSX2
27	clear cell acanthoma	13.3	FGFR2, FGF10
28	disordered steroidogenesis	13.3	FGFR2, POR
29	dwarfism	13.3	GDF5, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3
30	brachydactyly type a1	13.3	GDF5, SHH, IHH
31	chondrodysplasia	13.3	FGFR2, FGFR1, FLNB, FGFR3, GDF5
32	craniofacial anomalies	13.3	TWIST1, SHH, FGFR2, MSX2
33	achondroplasia	13.3	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, MSX2, IHH
34	infectious mononucleosis	13.3	FGFR1, FGFR2, FGF10, TWIST1, FGFR3
35	wolf-hirschhorn syndrome	13.2	MSX1, FGFR3, FGFRL1
36	hypodontia	13.2	FGFR2, FGF10, MSX1, FGFR3
37	synostoses syndrome	13.2	GDF5, NOG
38	ectodermal dysplasia	13.1	FGF10, MSX1, FGFR2, FGFR3
39	chst3-related skeletal dysplasia	13.1	FLNB, FGFR2, FGFR1, POR, FGFR3
40	developmental disabilities	13.1	GLI3, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
41	renal hypoplasia	13.1	SHH, GREM1, FMN1
42	craniosynostosis, syndromic	13.1	MSX2, FGFR1, TWIST1, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGF10
43	tooth agenesis	13.1	BMP4, MSX1, MSX2, FGFR1
44	osteochondroma	13.1	FGFR3, BMP2, FGFR1
45	tracheoesophageal fistula	13.1	SHH, NOG, GLI3
46	clubfoot	13.0	GLI3, HOXA11, TBX4, GDF5
47	congenital diaphragmatic hernia	13.0	FGF10, FGFRL1, SHH, EFNB1
48	polydactyly	13.0	GLI3, BMP4
49	ladd syndrome	13.0	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGF10, ARID1B
50	brachydactyly type a2	13.0	BMP2, GDF5

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to synostosis:

²⁵ (show all 23)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pigmentation phenotype	MP:0001186	8.7	FGFR2, FMN1, ATRN, MSX2, RECQL4, GLI3
2	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	7.9	EFNB1, CYP51A1, TBX4, HOXA11, GLI3, IHH
3	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	7.4	EFNB1, SHH, NOG, HOXA11, GLI3, IHH
4	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	7.3	FGFR3, GLI3, NOG, SHH, EFNB1, FGFR2
5	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	7.3	IHH, CYP51A1, NOG, SHH, TWIST1, POR
6	vision/eye phenotype	MP:0005391	7.2	ALX4, GLI3, NOG, SHH, POR, EFNB1
7	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	7.1	GREM1, GLI3, HOXA11, NOG, SHH, POR
8	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	6.9	FGFR3, FGFRL1, ALX4, TBX4, NOG, SHH
9	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	6.7	FGFRL1, ALX4, SHH, TWIST1, POR, NELL1
10	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	6.4	MSX2, GDF5, NELL1, FMN1, FLNB, FGF10
11	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	6.0	GLI3, HOXA11, NOG, SHH, POR, EFNB1
12	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	5.7	IHH, IFT122, GLI3, TBX4, NOG, SHH
13	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	5.4	IFT122, GLI3, TBX4, CYP51A1, NOG, SHH
14	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	5.3	IHH, IFT122, GLI3, TBX4, CYP51A1, NOG
15	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	4.9	GLI3, ALX4, IFT122, IHH, NOG, SHH
16	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	4.8	GREM1, IHH, IFT122, ALX4, GLI3, TBX4
17	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	INF	EFNB1, , NELL1, POR, NOG, GLI3
18	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	INF	RECQL4, MASP1, IHH, IFT122, ALX4, GLI3
19	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	INF	FGF10, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, IHH, IFT122
20	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	INF	HOXA11, TBX4, NOG, SHH, TWIST1, POR
21	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	INF	FGFR3, ALX4, GLI3, NOG, SHH,
22	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	INF	ALX4, GLI3, HOXA11, TBX4, CYP51A1, NOG
23	craniofacial phenotype	MP:0005382	INF	RECQL4, BMP2, BMP4, BCOR, MSX1, MSX2

Articles related to synostosis:

(show all 23)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Metopic and sagittal synostosis in Greig cephalopolys yndactyly syndrome: five cases with intragenic mutations or complete deletions of GLI3. (21326280)	Hurst J.A.... Wilkie A.O.	2011	GLI3
2	Genomic rearrangements of the GREM1-FMN1 locus cause oligosyndactyly, radio-ulnar synostosis, hearing loss, renal defects syndrome a nd Cenani--Lenz-like non-syndromic oligosyndactyly. (20610440)	Dimitrov B.I.... Debeer P.	2010	GREM1, FMN1
3	Postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, spo ndylocarpal synostosis, cardiac defect, and inner ear malformation (cardiospond ylocarpofacial syndrome?)--a distinct syndrome? (20186786)	Sousa S.B.... Cormier-Daire V.	2010	FLNB
4	Craniosynostosis, hydrocephalus, Chiari I malformation and radioulnar synostosis: probably a new syndrome. (19022412)	Capra V.... Magnani C.	2009	FGFR1, FGFR3, FGFR2
5	Disruption of the Flnb gene in mice phenocopies the human disease spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. (17635842)	Farrington-Rock C.... Krakow D.	2008	FLNB
6	Cryptic 17q22 deletion in a boy with a t(10;17)(p15.3;q22) translocation, multiple synostosis syndrome 1, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (18449926)	Shimizu R.... Ohashi H.	2008	NOG
7	Expanded clinical spectrum of spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome and possible manifestation in a heterozygous father. (18257094)	Mitter D.... Meinecke P.	2008	FLNB
8	Strabismus in unicoronal synostosis: ipsilateral or contralateral? (17538304)	Macintosh C.... Leach C.	2007	FGFR3, FGFR2
9	Saethre-Chotzen syndrome caused by TWIST 1 gene mutations: functional differentiation from Muenke coronal synostosis syndrome. (16251895)	Kress W.... Collmann H.	2006	FGFR3
10	GDF5 is a second locus for multiple-synostosis syndrome. (16532400)	Dawson K.... Krakow D.	2006	NOG, GDF5
11	HOXA11 mutation in amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with radio-ulnar synostosis syndrome inhibits megakaryocytic differentiation in vitro. (16765069)	Horvat-Switzer R.D.... Thompson A.A.	2006	HOXA11
12	Antley-Bixler syndrome with radioulnar synostosis. (14513299)	Hurley M.E.... Kelleher J.	2004	FGFR1
13	Molecular analysis of patients with synostotic frontal plagiocephaly (unilateral coronal synostosis). (15253176)	Mulliken J.B.... MA1ller U.	2004	TWIST1
14	Typical features of craniofacial growth of the FGFR3-associated coronal synostosis syndrome (so-called Muenke craniosynostosis) (12764678)	Reinhart E.... Reuther J.	2003	FGFR3
15	FGFR2 mutation in a patient with Apert syndrome associated with humeroradial synostosis. (15041782)	Kanauchi Y.... Ishigaki D.	2003	FGFR2
16	Mutations of the NOG gene in individuals with proximal symphalangism and multiple synostosis syndrome. (11846737)	Takahashi T.... Takada G.	2001	NOG
17	Clinical characteristics of patients with unicoronal synostosis and mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3: a preliminary report. (11743367)	Cassileth L.B.... Whitaker L.A.	2001	FGFR3
18	Premature calvarial synostosis and epidermal hyperplasia (Beare-Stevenson syndrome-like anomalies) resulting from a P250R missense mutation in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (11424131)	Roscioli T.... Glass I.A.	2001	FGFR3
19	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation in nonsyndromic coronal synostosis: clinical spectrum, prevalence, and surgical outcome. (10761652)	Renier D.... Lajeunie E.	2000	FGFR3
20	Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and radio-ulnar synostosis are associated with HOXA11 mutation. (11101832)	Thompson A.A.... Nguyen L.T.	2000	HOXA11
21	Human NELL-1 expressed in unilateral coronal synostosis. (9893069)	Ting K.... Longaker M.T.	1999	NELL1
22	Molecular diagnosis of bilateral coronal synostosis. (10541159)	Mulliken J.B.... MA1ller U.	1999	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGFR2
23	Identification of a genetic cause for isolated unilateral coronal synostosis: a unique mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (9580776)	Gripp K.W.... Muenke M.	1998	FGFR3

Genes related to synostosis according to GeneCards:

(show all 35)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	HOXA11	homeobox A11	11.1	Publications, Summaries
2	FLNB	filamin B, beta	11.1	Summaries, Publications
3	FGFR2	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	11.0	Publications
4	TWIST1	twist homolog 1 (Drosophila)	11.0	Publications
5	FGFR3	fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	11.0	Publications
6	FGFR1	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	11.0	Publications
7	ISYNA1	inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1	11.0
8	RECQL4	RecQ protein-like 4	11.0	Publications
9	NOG	noggin	11.0	Publications
10	FGFRL1	fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1	11.0
11	TBX4	T-box 4	11.0
12	GREM1	gremlin 1	11.0	Publications
13	MSX2	msh homeobox 2	11.0
14	ATRNL1	attractin-like 1	11.0
15	EFNB1	ephrin-B1	11.0
16	IHH	Indian hedgehog	11.0
17	GDF5	growth differentiation factor 5	11.0	Publications
18	FGF4	fibroblast growth factor 4	11.0
19	IFT122	intraflagellar transport 122 homolog (Chlamydomonas)	11.0
20	CYP51A1	cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1	11.0
21	BCOR	BCL6 corepressor	11.0
22	ALX4	ALX homeobox 4	11.0
23	MSX1	msh homeobox 1	11.0
24	MASP1	mannan-binding lectin serine peptidase 1 (C4/C2 activating component of Ra-reactive factor)	11.0
25	SHH	sonic hedgehog	11.0
26	SERPINA6	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 6	11.0
27	FGF10	fibroblast growth factor 10	11.0
28	BMP4	bone morphogenetic protein 4	11.0
29	ATRN	attractin	11.0
30	POR	P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase	11.0
31	FMN1	formin 1	11.0	Publications
32	GLI3	GLI family zinc finger 3	11.0	Publications
33	ARID1B	AT rich interactive domain 1B (SWI1-like)	11.0
34	BMP2	bone morphogenetic protein 2	11.0
35	NELL1	NEL-like 1 (chicken)	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to synostosis according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 71)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Development FGF-family signaling10	10.0	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
2	Development_FGF-family signaling41	9.8	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
3	FGF Pathway36	9.5	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
4	JNK Pathway36	8.8	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, BMP4
5	Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts36	8.7	BMP2, GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4
6	p53 Mediated Apoptosis36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
7	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
8	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
9	NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
10	DHA Signaling36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
11	NF-KappaB Family Pathway36	8.7	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
12	ERK5 Signaling36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
13	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
14	PPAR Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
15	eIF2 Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
16	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
17	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
18	Rac1 Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
19	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
20	p70S6K Signaling36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
21	IP3 Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
22	Activation of PKC through GPCR36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
23	Paxillin Interactions36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
24	Renin-Angiotensin Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
25	14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
26	Rap1 Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
27	TGF-Beta Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
28	Ras Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
29	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
30	eNOS Signaling36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
31	CREB Pathway36	8.6	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
32	NFAT in Immune Response36	8.5	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
33	Hedgehog signaling pathway20	8.5	SHH, GLI3, IHH, BMP4, BMP2
34	PTEN Pathway36	8.5	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
35	Estrogen Pathway36	8.5	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
36	GPCR Pathway36	8.5	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
37	GSK3 Signaling36	8.5	BMP4, FGF10, FGF4, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3
38	PAK Pathway36	8.5	GDF5, BMP2, BMP4, FGF10, FGF4, FGFR1
39	ILK Signaling36	8.4	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
40	Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C36	8.4	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
41	MAPK Family Pathway36	8.4	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
42	Activation of PKA through GPCR36	8.4	GDF5, IHH, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4
43	JAK-STAT Pathway36	8.4	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
44	Tec Kinases Signaling36	8.4	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
45	Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin136	8.3	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
46	Intracellular Calcium Signaling36	8.3	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
47	Phospholipase-C Pathway36	8.2	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
48	MAPK Signaling36	8.2	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10, BMP4
49	Pathways in cancer20	8.0	SHH, GLI3, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4
50	p38 Signaling36	7.9	GDF5, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10

Compounds related to synostosis according to GeneDecks:

(show all 19)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pd 16157042	10.4	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
2	su540232	10.4	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
3	su 540242	10.4	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
4	su 666842	10.4	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
5	pd 17307432 42	11.4	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
6	SU49849 9	11.3	FGFR2, FGFR1
7	palifermin32 9 9	12.3	FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
8	obtusifoliol32 18	10.9	POR, CYP51A1
9	cyclopamine32	9.8	BMP4, IHH, NOG, SHH
10	sulfate32 18	10.3	SERPINA6, BMP4, FGFR2, FGFR3
11	azathioprine32 34 9 9	11.9	NOG, FGFR2, BMP4, BMP2
12	cysteine32	8.9	GDF5, POR, NOG, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
13	ribonucleic acid32	8.8	NOG, FGFR2, FGFR1, BMP4, BMP2, SERPINA6
14	heparan sulfate32 18	9.7	NOG, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10, BMP4
15	steroid32	8.5	POR, CYP51A1, FGFR2, FGFR1, MSX2, BMP2
16	vegf32	8.3	NOG, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10
17	estrogen32	8.0	TWIST1, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, BMP4, BMP2
18	tyrosine32	7.3	FGFRL1, GREM1, NOG, TWIST1, EFNB1, GDF5
19	heparin32 9 18 9	INF	, NOG, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10

Cellular components related to synostosis according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane-bounded vesicle	GO:031988	9.3	BMP2, BMP4
2	extracellular space	GO:005615	7.3	BMP2, GDF5, SHH, NOG, IHH, MASP1
3	extracellular region	GO:005576	7.1	NELL1, NOG, IHH, MASP1, FGFR2, FGFR1

Biological processes related to synostosis according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 115)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of phospholipase activity	GO:010518	10.4	FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR1
2	lung-associated mesenchyme development	GO:060484	10.3	SHH, FGFR1, FGFR2
3	branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	GO:060445	10.2	FGFR1, SHH, FGFR2
4	somite development	GO:061053	10.2	SHH, NOG, IHH
5	organ induction	GO:001759	10.1	HOXA11, FGFR1, FGF10
6	epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	GO:060664	10.1	FGF10, FGFR2, SHH
7	bone morphogenesis	GO:060349	10.1	MSX1, FGFR3, FGFR2
8	cranial suture morphogenesis	GO:060363	10.1	TWIST1, FGF4, BMP4, MSX2
9	midbrain development	GO:030901	10.0	MSX1, FGFR2, SHH, FGFR1
10	mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development	GO:060915	10.0	FGF10, FGFR2
11	limb bud formation	GO:060174	10.0	FGFR2, FGF10, SHH
12	embryonic limb morphogenesis	GO:030326	10.0	FGFR1, GREM1, GDF5, HOXA11, SHH
13	skeletal system morphogenesis	GO:048705	10.0	FMN1, FGFR1, FGFR2, TBX4
14	embryonic nail plate morphogenesis	GO:035880	10.0	MSX1, MSX2
15	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	10.0	FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF10, FGFR3
16	osteoblast differentiation	GO:001649	9.9	BMP4, MSX2, TWIST1, NOG, IHH
17	neural tube closure	GO:001843	9.9	BMP4, IFT122, TWIST1, NOG
18	positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	GO:090190	9.9	NOG, BMP4, GREM1
19	negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation	GO:046639	9.9	SHH, GLI3, IHH
20	fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:008543	9.8	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10, FGFR2
21	positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway	GO:045880	9.8	POR, IHH, SHH
22	embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	GO:035115	9.8	SHH, TWIST1, ALX4, MSX1, MSX2
23	embryonic pattern specification	GO:009880	9.8	SHH, IHH, FGFR2, FGF10, EFNB1
24	positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation	GO:046638	9.8	IHH, SHH, GLI3
25	mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development	GO:060916	9.8	SHH, FGFR2
26	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	GO:050679	9.8	FGFR2, IHH, FGF10, NOG, BMP4
27	mesenchymal cell differentiation	GO:048762	9.7	BMP2, FGFR1, FGFR2
28	insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:008286	9.7	FGF10, FGF4, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3
29	metanephros development	GO:001656	9.6	FGF10, GLI3, HOXA11, SHH
30	positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	GO:032332	9.5	GLI3, POR, GDF5, HOXA11, IHH
31	embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis	GO:048557	9.5	FGF10, FGFR2, IHH, GLI3, SHH
32	smoothened signaling pathway	GO:007224	9.5	GLI3, IHH, BMP4, SHH
33	telencephalon regionalization	GO:021978	9.4	BMP4, BMP2, SHH
34	negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway	GO:090090	9.4	NOG, SHH, GLI3, GREM1
35	cartilage development	GO:051216	9.3	IHH, NOG, GDF5, BMP2
36	palate development	GO:060021	9.3	ALX4, SHH, BCOR, GLI3, MSX1
37	embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	GO:035116	9.3	BMP4, ALX4, MSX1, MSX2, FGF4, SHH
38	anterior/posterior pattern specification	GO:009952	9.3	MSX1, MSX2, ALX4, GLI3, HOXA11, SHH
39	skeletal system development	GO:001501	9.2	FGFR3, FGFR1, FGFRL1, ALX4, BMP2, HOXA11
40	embryonic digit morphogenesis	GO:042733	9.2	BMP4, ALX4, NOG, SHH, TWIST1, HOXA11
41	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:070374	8.9	BMP2, BMP4, FGF10, FGF4, FGFR2, FGFR3
42	cell-cell signaling	GO:007267	8.7	EFNB1, GDF5, SHH, BMP2, GREM1, FGF4
43	branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	GO:001658	8.7	GREM1, SHH, GLI3, HOXA11, BMP2, BMP4
44	in utero embryonic development	GO:001701	8.6	FGFR2, BMP2, MSX1, TWIST1, NOG, GLI3
45	positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	GO:045669	8.5	BMP2, BMP4, MSX2, GLI3, NELL1
46	odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	GO:042475	8.2	FGF10, FGF4, GLI3, SHH, BMP4, BMP2
47	negative regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008285	8.2	BMP4, MSX2, FGF10, MSX1, BMP2, FGFR2
48	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	8.0	POR, FGF4, FGF10, SHH, NOG, GLI3
49	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:000122	7.8	BCOR, MSX1, FGFR1, FGFR2, GLI3, SHH
50	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:045944	7.2	BMP4, GLI3, ALX4, IHH, FGFR2, FGF4

Molecular functions related to synostosis according to GeneDecks:

(show all 9)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity	GO:005007	10.1	FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFRL1
2	fibroblast growth factor binding	GO:017134	10.1	FGFRL1, FGFR3, FGFR2, FGFR1
3	morphogen activity	GO:016015	10.0	GREM1, SHH
4	patched binding	GO:005113	9.7	IHH, SHH
5	heparin binding	GO:008201	9.4	FGFRL1, FGFR2, FGFR1, FGF4, FGF10, BMP4
6	BMP receptor binding	GO:070700	9.2	BMP2, BMP4
7	growth factor activity	GO:008083	8.7	GDF5, FGF4, FGF10, BMP4, BMP2
8	protein homodimerization activity	GO:042803	8.5	TWIST1, NOG, MASP1, FGFR2, FGFR1, BMP4
9	protein binding	GO:005515	INF	IFT122, GLI3, SHH, TWIST1, POR, NELL1