Turner Syndrome malady

MedlinePlus: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a girl's development. the cause is a missing or incomplete x chromosome. girls who have it are short, and their ovaries don't work properly. most are infertile. they are at risk for health difficulties such as high blood pressure, kidney problems, diabetes, cataracts, osteoporosis and thyroid problems. other physical features typical of turner syndrome are short, "webbed" neck with folds of skin from tops of shoulders to sides of neck low hairline in the back low-set ears swollen hands and feet there is no cure for turner syndrome, but there are some treatments for the symptoms. growth hormone often helps girls reach heights that are close to average. hormone replacement can stimulate sexual development. assisted reproduction techniques can help some women with turner syndrome get pregnant. nih: national institute of child health and human development²³

MalaCards: Turner Syndrome, also known as bonnevie-ullrich syndrome, is related to swyer syndrome and noonan syndrome. An important gene associated with Turner Syndrome is RPS4Y1 (ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 1), and among its related pathways are Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine) and Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine). The compounds c-peptide and 25-hydroxyvitamin d have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, kidney and liver, and related mouse phenotypes are hematopoietic system and endocrine/exocrine gland.

NIH Rare Diseases: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that usually affects development in females. Symptoms differ among individuals, but may include shortened stature, infertility, extra skin on the neck (webbed neck), puffiness or swelling (lymphedema) of the hands and feet, skeletal abnormalities, heart defects, and kidney problems. Females without Turner syndrome have 2 full X chromosomes in each of their cells. An individual with Turner syndrome is missing all or part of one X chromosome. Although it is genetic, it is typically not inherited. Treatment may include growth hormone therapy for short stature and estrogen therapy to help stimulate sexual development. Assisted reproduction techniques can help some women with Turner syndrome become pregnant.³⁰

Genetics Home Reference: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects development in females. The most common feature of Turner syndrome is short stature, which becomes evident by about age 5. An early loss of ovarian function (ovarian hypofunction or premature ovarian failure) is also very common. The ovaries develop normally at first, but egg cells (oocytes) usually die prematurely and most ovarian tissue degenerates before birth. Many affected girls do not undergo puberty unless they receive hormone therapy, and most are unable to conceive (infertile). A small percentage of females with Turner syndrome retain normal ovarian function through young adulthood.¹⁷

Wikipedia: Turner syndrome or Ullrich–Turner syndrome (also known as \"Gonadal dysgenesis\"), 45,X, encompasses...⁴⁴ more...

Aliases & Descriptions:

turner syndrome 6 44 30 17 23 43 bonnevie-ullrich syndrome 6 44 43 ullrich-turner syndrome 44 30 17 monosomy x 6 44 17 turners syndrome 8 32 45,x 44 17 ts 44 17 bonnevie-ullrich syndrome nos (disorder) 6 turner's syndrome nos (disorder) 6 gonadal dysgenesis turner type 30 bonnevie-ullrich syndrome nos 6 schereshevkii turner syndrome 30 gonadal dysgenesis - turner 6

turner syndrome (disorder) 6 gonadal dysgenesis (45,x) 30 bonnevie-ulrich syndrome 30 chromosome x monosomy x 30 turner varny syndrome 30 turner's syndrome nos 6 monosomy x syndrome 6 gonadal dysgenesis 43 turner's syndrome 44 karyotype 45, x 6 45, x syndrome 30 xo syndrome 6

Diseases related to turner syndrome by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 1795)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	swyer syndrome	35.6	SRY, TSPY1, PRL
2	noonan syndrome	33.4	SERPINE1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, GHR, DMD
3	immunodeficiency	32.4	CD79A, CD40LG, FOXP3, INS, IL2RB, IL6
4	gonadoblastoma	32.2	ZFY, CGB, IRF1, ALPP, DMRT3, SRY
5	adrenal hypoplasia	32.1	REN, GNRH1, DMD, NR0B1, POMC
6	x-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita	32.1	REN, NR0B1, POMC
7	kallmann syndrome	32.0	LEP, CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, NR0B1
8	premature ovarian failure	31.6	BMP15, PAEP, FMR1, IGFBP3, GNRH1, TPO
9	muscular dystrophy	31.4	SERPINA7, PAPPA, AR, INS, IGF1, F2
10	rickets	31.1	GC, VDR, BGLAP, IGF1, ALPP, CALCA
11	mixed gonadal dysgenesis	30.4	CGB5, CYP21A2, SRY
12	anorchia	30.3	CGA, CGB5, SRY
13	fragile x-associated primary ovarian insufficiency	30.3	CGA, IGFBP1, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
14	mental retardation syndrome	30.3	FMR1, AR, MED12, MAOA, GHR, TPH1
15	disorders of sex development	30.2	AR, CYP21A2, SRY, NR0B1, TSPY1
16	combined immunodeficiency	30.1	CD40LG, FMR1, AR, INS, IL2RB, IL6
17	severe combined immunodeficiency	30.1	CD40LG, FMR1, AR, INS, IL2RB, IL6
18	sex reversal	30.1	ZFY, CGA, AR, DMRT3, SRY, NR0B1
19	hydrocephalus	30.0	MTHFR, INS, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, TP53
20	46, xy disorders of sex development	30.0	AR, SRY, NR0B1
21	hypophosphatemia	29.9	VDR, BGLAP, ALPP, CALCA, GH1, PTH
22	21-hydroxylase deficiency	29.9	IL2RB, GPT, ALPP, DDC
23	rett syndrome	29.8	BGLAP, LEP, CD79A, TPH1, TH, PRL
24	metabolic syndrome x	29.8	SERPINE1, LEP, INS, IL6, IGFBP1, CRP
25	gonadal dysgenesis	29.8	BMP15, ZFY, BGLAP, XDH, CGB, CGB5
26	ppm-x syndrome	29.8	MAOA, MAOB, TPH1, TH, PRL
27	duchenne muscular dystrophy	29.8	SERPINA7, AR, IGF1, F2, DMD, NR0B1
28	androgen insensitivity syndrome	29.7	CGA, AR, INS, IGF2, SRY, SHBG
29	hermaphroditism	29.6	ZFY, CGA, FOXP3, AR, AMH, TPH1
30	patau syndrome	29.3	PAPPA, XDH, ASMTL, SLC25A10
31	edwards syndrome	29.2	SERPINB10, PAPPA, UBE2B, XDH, CGA, SLC25A10
32	dwarfism	29.2	INS, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1, GH1, GHR
33	hypothyroidism	29.1	SERPINA7, CGA, CALCA, TPO, SHBG, TG
34	myopathy	29.0	LEP, CD79A, CD40LG, AR, INS, IL6
35	x inactivation	29.0	USP9X, FMR1, AR, DMD, NR0B1, RPS4Y1
36	dent disease	28.9	REN, BGLAP, GH1, TMEM27
37	pseudohermaphroditism	28.9	ZFY, CGB5, AR, AMH, ALPP, CYP21A2
38	alcoholism	28.8	MAOA, MAOB, GPT, GHRL, TPH1, POMC
39	down syndrome	28.7	PAPPA, CGA, CGB, CGB5, IGF1R, POU5F1
40	cerebellar hypoplasia	28.4	HOXD13, HNF1B, GH1, NR0B1, DSPP
41	autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome	28.4	INS, TPH1, TPO, DDC, CYP21A2, TH
42	hypogonadotropism	28.3	BGLAP, LEP, CGA, CGB5, INS, AMH
43	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	28.3	FMR1, MAOA, MAOB, TPH1
44	ankylosing spondylitis	28.3	BGLAP, CD79A, CD40LG, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, PTH
45	diabetes insipidus	28.3	REN, CGA, CGB, INS, IGF1, GNRH1
46	hepatitis b	28.2	SERPINA7, SERPINE1, VDR, LEP, CGB, CD79A
47	nephrolithiasis	28.1	VDR, BGLAP, XDH, INS, F2, ALPP
48	osteomalacia	27.9	GC, VDR, BGLAP, ALPP, CALCA, TNFRSF11B
49	x-linked magnesium deficiency with epstein-barr virus infection and neoplasia	27.8	BGLAP, INS, TNFSF11, PTH
50	psoriatic arthritis	27.7	TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, PTPN22, CRP

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to turner syndrome:

²²

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to turner syndrome:

²⁵ (show all 24)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	9.6	POU5F1, TG, NF1, DMD, PTPN22, PTH
2	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	9.5	BMP15, XDH, CD40LG, FMR1, IL2RB, AMH
3	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	9.4	GAD2, TH, NF1, DMD, PTPN22, TPH1
4	embryogenesis phenotype	MP:0005380	8.9	PRL, NF1, HOXD13, ALPP, F2, MED12
5	craniofacial phenotype	MP:0005382	8.7	GAD2, DSPP, SHOX2, NF1, DMRT3, PTH
6	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	8.6	REN, AR, INS, MAOB, GNRH1, HOXD13
7	limbs/digits/tail phenotype	MP:0005371	8.0	TNFSF11, DYM, PTH, DMD, NF1, SHOX2
8	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	7.5	REN, VDR, PRL, POU5F1, GAD2, NR0B1
9	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.4	HOXD13, GHRL, DMD, SHOX2, AGTR2, POU5F1
10	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	7.4	PTPN22, DMD, NF1, TH, PRL, POU5F1
11	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.8	TP53, TPH1, TMEM27, DMD, NF1, AGTR2
12	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	6.7	TP53, TPH1, TNFSF11, NF1, TH, PRL
13	adipose tissue phenotype	MP:0005375	6.7	GHR, GHRL, TP53, TPH1, TMEM27, DMD
14	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	6.7	NF1, RS1, DDC, GHR, AGTR2, TH
15	normal phenotype	MP:0002873	6.6	GNRH1, GHRL, TP53, DMD, NF1, TH
16	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	6.3	TP53, NR0B1, NF1, AGTR2, PRL, POMC
17	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	5.8	CALCA, HOXD13, TP53, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, DYM
18	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	5.6	GHR, TP53, PTH, PTPN22, DMD, NF1
19	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	5.2	DMD, PTPN22, PTH, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, TPO
20	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	5.2	TPH1, TMEM27, DYM, DMD, NF1, AGTR2
21	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	4.3	GNRH1, TG, GAD2, TH, SHOX2, HOXD13
22	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	3.9	PTH, TNFRSF11B, TPH1, TP53, GHR, CALCA
23	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	3.9	TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, TP53, GNRH1, F2, IGF1
24	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	1.9	REN, MAOA, MAOB, IGF1R, IGF2, IGFBP3

Articles related to turner syndrome:

(show top 50)    (show all 149)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Altered inorganic composition of dental enamel and de ntin in primary teeth from girls with Turner syndrome. (20487008)	Rizell S.... Lundgren T.	2010	DSPP
2	The common exon 3 polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene and the effect of growth hormone therapy on growth in Korean pati ents with Turner syndrome. (19681916)	Ko J.M.... Yoo H.W.	2010	GHR
3	Height gains in response to growth hormone treatment to final height are similar in patients with SHOX deficiency and Turner syndrome. (19188742)	Blum W.F.... Binder G.	2009	SHOX
4	Increased prevalence of autoimmunity in Turner syndrome--influence of age. (19298606)	Mortensen K.H.... Gravholt C.H.	2009	GAD2
5	SRY gene increases the risk of developing gonadoblast oma and/or nontumoral gonadal lesions in Turner syndrome. (19188812)	Bianco B.... Verreschi I.T.	2009	SRY, TSPY1
6	EFHC2 SNP rs7055196 is not associated with fear recognition in 45,X Turner syndrome. (17948898)	Zinn A.R.... Ross J.L.	2008	EFHC2
7	Homozygosity of the d3-growth hormone receptor polymo rphism is associated with a high total effect of GH on growth and a low BMI in girls with Turner syndrome. (17973940)	Binder G.... Ranke M.B.	2008	GHR, GH1
8	Elevated liver enzymes in Turner syndrome during a 5-year follow-up study. (18167134)	El-Mansoury M.... Landin-Wilhelmsen K.	2008	ALPP, GPT
9	Cryptic mosaicism involving a second chromosome X in patients with Turner syndrome. (18545811)	Araujo A.... Ramos E.S.	2008	SRY, TSPY1
10	Proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid in pregnancies with Turner syndrome fetuses. (18363353)	Mavrou A.... Tsangaris G.T.	2008	F2, APOA1
11	Metabolic effects of oral versus transdermal estrogen in growth hormone-treated girls with turner syndrome. (17711924)	Mauras N.... Welch S.	2007	IGF1, INS
12	The GH-IGF-IGFBP axis is changed in Turner syndrome: partial normalization by HRT. (17067837)	Gravholt C.H.... Flyvbjerg A.	2006	IGFBP3
13	No evidence for angiotensin type 2 receptor gene polymorphism in intron 1 in patients with coarctation of the aorta and Ullrich-Turner syndrome. (16944335)	Struwe E.... Koch A.	2006	AGTR2
14	The correlation of the IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and ALS generation test to height velocity after 6 months of recombinant growth hormone therapy in girls with Turner syndrome. (16908209)	Collett-Solberg P.F.... GuimarALes M.M.	2006	IGF1, IGFBP3
15	Female pseudohermaphroditism due to classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and insulin resistance in a girl with Turner syndrome. (16052861)	Atabek M.E.... Keskin M.	2005	CYP21A2
16	Putaminal hemorrhage in a case of Turner's syndrome with hyperaldosteronemia (15714963)	Okuno S.... Sakaki T.	2005	REN
17	Screening for mutations in the SRY gene in patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis or with Turner syndrome and Y mosaicism. (15223166)	Canto P.... MAcndez J.P.	2004	SRY
18	Three novel mutations in the X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS1) gene in 6 Japanese patients, 1 of whom had Turner's syndrome. (12920343)	Sato M.... Nose H.	2003	RS1
19	Screening for Y chromosome sequences in patients with Turner syndrome (15524154)	Ferrao L.... Goncalves J.	2002	SRY, RPS4Y1, TSPY1
20	Sex hormone-binding globulin as a marker of the effect of hormonal treatment in Turner's syndrome. (11308992)	Hampl R.... Starka L.	2001	IGF1, SHBG
21	Turner syndrome and Xp deletions: clinical and molecu lar studies in 47 patients. (11701728)	Ogata T.... Tachibana K.	2001	MAOA
22	Morning versus evening administration of estradiol to girls with turner syndrome receiving growth hormone: impact on growth hormone and metabolism. A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. (11430712)	Naeraa R.W.... Christiansen J.S.	2001	INS
23	Analysis of the SRY gene in Turner syndrome patients with Y chromosomal material. (11694555)	Yorifuji T.... Nakahata T.	2001	SRY
24	Reduced free IGF-I and increased IGFBP-3 proteolysis in Turner syndrome: modulation by female sex steroids. (11158935)	Gravholt C.H.... Christiansen J.S.	2001	IGF1, IGFBP3
25	A mutation in the 5' non-high mobility group box region of the SRY gene in patients with Turner syndrome and Y mosaicism. (10843173)	Canto P.... Mendez J.P.	2000	SRY
26	The short stature homeobox gene SHOX is involved in skeletal abnormalities in Turner syndrome. (10749976)	Clement-Jones M.... Rappold G.A.	2000	SHOX, SHOX2
27	Association of Turner's syndrome and Swyer's syndrome in the same family. (10803875)	Copelli S.B.... Pasqualini T.	2000	SRY
28	Serum liver enzymes in Turner syndrome. (10664223)	Larizza D.... Severi F.	2000	F2, CD40LG, CD79A
29	Skeletal features and growth patterns in 14 patients with haploinsufficiency of SHOX: implications for the development of Turner syndrome. (10599728)	Kosho T.... Ogata T.	1999	SHOX
30	Ullrich-Turner syndrome: relevance of searching for Y chromosome fragments. (10614539)	Damiani D.... Setian N.	1999	SRY
31	Predicting the response to recombinant human growth hormone in Turner syndrome: KIGS models. KIGS International Board. Kabi International Growth Study. (10626562)	Ranke M.B.... Price D.A.	1999	GH1
32	The influence of karyotype on the auricle, otitis media and hearing in Turner syndrome. (10575123)	Barrenas M.L.... Hanson C.	1999	SHOX
33	An investigation of small marker chromosome in eight Turner syndrome patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization and DNA analysi s (10581353)	Hu X.... Liu X.	1999	SRY
34	Simultaneous adrenocortical carcinoma and ganglioneuroblastoma in a child with Turner syndrome and germline p53 mutation. (9598730)	Pivnick E.K.... Ribeiro R.C.	1998	TP53
35	Age-related perception of stature, acceptance of therapy, and psychosocial functioning in human growth hormone-treated girls with Turner's syndrome. (9589645)	Lagrou K.... Bourguignon J.P.	1998	GH1
36	Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-3 production by fibroblasts of patients with Turner's syndrome in culture. (9100570)	Barreca A.... Minuto F.	1997	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2
37	Serum lipids, lipoprotein lp(a), and plasminogen acti vator inhibitor-1 in patients with Turner's syndrome before and during growth h ormone and estrogen therapy. (9314917)	Lanes R.... Villaroel O.	1997	SERPINE1
38	PHOG, a candidate gene for involvement in the short stature of Turner syndrome. (9259282)	Ellison J.W.... Chiong W.	1997	SHOX
39	The influence of growth hormone monotherapy and growth hormone in combination with oxandrolone or testosterone on thyroxid hormone parameters and thyroxine binding globulin in patients with Ullrich-Turner syndrome. (9039510)	Schmitt K.... Frisch H.	1997	IGF1, SERPINA7
40	Free beta hCG screening of hydropic and non-hydropic Turner syndrome pregnancies. (8905900)	Laundon C.H.... Buchanan P.D.	1996	CGA, CGB
41	Ullrich-Turner syndrome is not caused by haploinsufficiency of RPS4X. (8557258)	Geerkens C.... Vogel W.	1996	RPS4X, RPS4Y1
42	Turner's syndrome and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism: thalassemia major and hemochromatosis. (7584702)	Afonso Lopes L.... Sizonenko P.C.	1995	GNRH1
43	Slow baseline growth and a good response to growth hormone (GH) therapy are related to elevated spontaneous GH pulse frequency in girls with Turner's syndrome. (8501169)	Kamp G.A.... Wit J.M.	1993	IGF1, GH1
44	Effects of growth hormone therapy on the developmenta l changes of follicle stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I seru m concentrations in Turner's syndrome. (8348710)	Bourguignon J.P.... Franchimont P.	1993	IGF1
45	Somatomedin-C/IGF-I, insulin and prolactin levels in Ullrich-Turner's syndrome. (1639121)	Amendt P.... Rohde W.	1992	PRL
46	Growth hormone treatment in Turner's syndrome: short and long-term effects on metabolic parameters. (1563078)	Haeusler G.... Frisch H.	1992	IGF1, INS
47	Decreased growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in Turner's syndrome: relation to body weight and adiposity. (1872123)	Reiter J.C.... Van Vliet G.	1991	IGF1, GH1
48	GH-secretion capacity in Turner syndrome and its relations to clinical characteristics and effect of GH treatment--a comparison with pituitary dwarfism. The Committee for hGH treatment in Turner syndrome (1868920)	Tanaka T.... Shizume K.	1991	GH1
49	Estrogenic modulation of the gonadotropin-releasing h ormone-stimulated secretory activity of the gonadotrope and lactotrope in prepu bertal females with Turner's syndrome. (1955502)	Mauras N.... Veldhuis J.D.	1991	PRL
50	Comparative study of the changes in insulin-like growth factor-I, procollagen-III N-terminal extension peptide, bone Gla-protein, and bone mineral content in children with Turner's syndrome treated with recombinant growth hormone. (2229302)	Bergmann P.... Van Vliet G.	1990	IGF1, GH1, BGLAP

Genes related to turner syndrome according to GeneCards:

(show top 50)    (show all 87)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	RPS4Y1	ribosomal protein S4, Y-linked 1	11.1	Summaries, Publications
2	RPS4X	ribosomal protein S4, X-linked	11.1	Publications, Summaries
3	SHOX	short stature homeobox	11.1	Summaries, Publications
4	SHOX2	short stature homeobox 2	11.1	Summaries, Publications
5	EFHC2	EF-hand domain (C-terminal) containing 2	11.1	Summaries, Publications
6	TNR1	Turner syndrome 1	11.1	Publications, Aliases & Descriptions
7	USP9X	ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked	11.0	Summaries
8	GH1	growth hormone 1	11.0	UniProt Related, Publications
9	IGF1	insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)	11.0	Publications
10	VSPA	Visuospatial/perceptual abilities	11.0
11	TSPY1	testis specific protein, Y-linked 1	11.0	Publications
12	SRY	sex determining region Y	11.0	Publications
13	SERPINA7	serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 7	11.0	Publications
14	SLC25A10	solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; dicarboxylate transporter), member 10	11.0
15	BMP15	bone morphogenetic protein 15	11.0
16	IGFBP1	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	11.0	Publications
17	CGB	chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide	11.0	Publications
18	IGFBP3	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	11.0	Publications
19	CYP21A2	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2	11.0	Publications
20	PAEP	progestagen-associated endometrial protein	11.0	Publications
21	CGA	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	11.0	Publications
22	TPO	thyroid peroxidase	11.0	Publications
23	GHR	growth hormone receptor	11.0	Publications
24	TG	thyroglobulin	11.0	Publications
25	SHBG	sex hormone-binding globulin	11.0	Publications
26	MAOB	monoamine oxidase B	11.0
27	PAPPA	pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, pappalysin 1	11.0	Publications
28	XDH	xanthine dehydrogenase	11.0	Publications
29	BGLAP	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein	11.0	Publications
30	DMD	dystrophin	11.0
31	CGF1	cognitive function 1, social	11.0	Publications
32	ZFY	zinc finger protein, Y-linked	11.0	Publications
33	DMRT3	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3	11.0	Publications
34	HOXD13	homeobox D13	11.0	Publications
35	DAZ1	deleted in azoospermia 1	11.0	Publications
36	TMEM27	transmembrane protein 27	11.0	Publications
37	RS1	retinoschisin 1	11.0	Publications
38	AMH	anti-Mullerian hormone	11.0	Publications
39	NR0B1	nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1	11.0	Publications
40	UBE2B	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2B	11.0
41	PTPN22	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid)	11.0	Publications
42	AGTR2	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	11.0	Publications
43	PTH	parathyroid hormone	11.0	Publications
44	MED12	mediator complex subunit 12	11.0	Publications
45	POU5F1	POU class 5 homeobox 1	11.0	Publications
46	HNF1B	HNF1 homeobox B	11.0	Publications
47	TPH1	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	11.0	Publications
48	GC	group-specific component (vitamin D binding protein)	11.0	Publications
49	GAD2	glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)	11.0	Publications
50	FOXP3	forkhead box P3	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to turner syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 27)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)41	10.3	TH, DDC, MAOB, MAOA
2	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine)10	10.3	TH, DDC, MAOB, MAOA
3	Tyrosine metabolism20	10.3	TH, DDC, TPO, MAOB, MAOA
4	Development_Hedgehog and PTH signaling pathways in bone and cartilage development41	10.0	VDR, BGLAP, TNFSF11, PTH
5	Jak-STAT signaling pathway20	10.0	PRL, TPO, GHR, GH1, IL2RB, LEP
6	Growth Hormone Signaling36	9.9	GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
7	Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives38	9.8	TH, DDC, TPO, TPH1, GPT, CGB5
8	Development IGF-RI signaling10	9.7	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP1
9	Selected targets of HNF110	9.7	CRP, HNF1B, IGFBP1, APOA1, INS, LPA
10	Development_IGF-1 receptor signaling41	9.7	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP1
11	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling36	9.4	TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF1R
12	JNK Pathway36	9.2	TP53, IL6, IL2RB, BMP15
13	Selected targets of GCR-alpha10	9.2	TNFSF11, GHR, IGFBP1, IL6, INS, CGA
14	Akt Signaling36	9.0	TNFSF11, IGF1R, IL6, IL2RB, BMP15
15	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis41	8.9	VDR, PTH, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, CALCA, IGF1
16	Transcription Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis10	8.9	PTH, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, CALCA, IGF1, IL6
17	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction20	8.8	TPO, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, PRL, GHR, GH1
18	Renin-Angiotensin Pathway36	8.5	AGTR2, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
19	Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts36	8.5	TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
20	p53 Mediated Apoptosis36	8.5	TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
21	Mitochondrial Apoptosis36	8.4	TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
22	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency36	8.3	POU5F1, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
23	eIF2 Pathway36	8.2	GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IL6
24	Cellular Apoptosis Pathway36	8.2	TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
25	p38 Signaling36	8.0	TNFSF11, TP53, GH1, GNRH1, IGF1, IGF2
26	p70S6K Signaling36	8.0	GH1, GNRH1, F2, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R
27	JAK-STAT Pathway36	7.9	PRL, AGTR2, GHR, GH1, GNRH1, F2

Compounds related to turner syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 361)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	c-peptide32	9.9	LEP, IGF2, GHR, GHRL, TPO, CYP21A2
2	25-hydroxyvitamin d32	9.7	GC, VDR, BGLAP, LEP, ALPP, TNFRSF11B
3	leuprolide acetate32	9.6	CGA, CGB5, IGF1, GNRH1, GH1, GHR
4	buserelin32 9 9	11.3	PAEP, CGA, CGB5, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IGF1
5	triiodothyronine32	9.1	SERPINA7, LEP, CGA, IGFBP1, IGF2, IGFBP3
6	clonidine32 9 9	11.0	REN, BGLAP, LEP, CGA, IGFBP3, IGF1
7	levonorgestrel32 9 9	11.0	SERPINA7, PAEP, AR, APOA1, IGFBP1, IGF2
8	estrone32 9 18 9	11.9	SERPINA7, BGLAP, LEP, CGB5, AR, IGFBP1
9	gnrh32	8.8	SERPINE1, LEP, CGB, CGB5, AR, INS
10	raloxifene32 9 9	10.6	SERPINA7, SERPINE1, VDR, BGLAP, APOA1, IGF1R
11	progestin32	8.5	PAEP, PAPPA, CGA, CGB5, AR, APOA1
12	estradiol32 9 18 9	11.5	REN, GC, SERPINA7, SERPINE1, PAEP, PAPPA
13	dopamine32 9 18 9	11.4	REN, MTHFR, CGA, CGB5, CD79A, CD40LG
14	calcitriol32 42 9 18 9	12.3	REN, GC, VDR, BGLAP, AR, IGFBP1
15	aspartate32	8.3	GC, SERPINA7, VDR, CGA, CD40LG, IL2RB
16	dhea32	8.2	LEP, CGB5, AR, INS, IGFBP1, IGF2
17	ribonucleic acid32	8.2	SERPINA7, PAEP, CGA, CGB5, IL2RB, IGFBP1
18	androstenedione32 18	9.2	REN, PAEP, LEP, CGA, CGB, CGB5
19	vitamin a32 9 18 9	11.1	GC, SERPINA7, VDR, PAEP, LEP, CGA
20	clomiphene citrate32	8.1	PAEP, CGA, CGB, CGB5, CD40LG, INS
21	h2o232	8.0	LPA, BGLAP, LEP, XDH, CGA, CGB5
22	dihydrotestosterone32 9 18 9	11.0	SERPINE1, VDR, BGLAP, LEP, CGA, CGB5
23	metformin32 34 9 9	11.0	SERPINE1, LEP, MTHFR, CGA, INS, APOA1
24	octreotide32 42 9 9	11.0	INS, IGFBP1, IGF1R, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1
25	acetylcholine32 9 18 9	10.9	LEP, CGA, CD79A, CD40LG, APOA1, IGF1R
26	epinephrine32 9 18 9	10.8	REN, LEP, CGA, CGB5, CD79A, INS
27	prednisolone32 9 9	9.8	BGLAP, CD79A, IL2RB, IL6, MBL2, GPT
28	ascorbic acid32 18	8.8	VDR, BGLAP, CGA, CGB5, CD40LG, AR
29	aspirin32 34 18	9.7	SERPINA7, SERPINE1, LPA, VDR, MTHFR, CGA
30	cysteine32	7.7	LPA, VDR, BGLAP, PAPPA, MTHFR, XDH
31	genistein32 9 18 9	10.5	SERPINE1, VDR, PAEP, CGB5, CD40LG, AR
32	fibrinogen32	7.3	GC, SERPINE1, LPA, LEP, CGB5, CD79A
33	acth32	7.3	REN, SERPINA7, LEP, CGB5, INS, IL2RB
34	cyclosporin a32 42	8.2	VDR, BGLAP, LEP, MTHFR, CGA, CGB5
35	methotrexate32 34 42 9 9	11.2	SERPINE1, LEP, MTHFR, CGA, CGB, CGB5
36	paraffin32	7.0	BGLAP, LEP, CGA, CGB5, CD79A, CD40LG
37	adenylate32	6.8	GC, SERPINE1, VDR, CGA, CGB5, CD40LG
38	testosterone32 9 18 9	9.7	GC, SERPINA7, VDR, BGLAP, PAEP, MTHFR
39	creatinine32	6.6	REN, GC, SERPINA7, VDR, PAPPA, LEP
40	glutamate32	6.4	GC, VDR, LEP, MTHFR, CD79A, FMR1
41	thyroxine32 18	7.0	REN, GC, SERPINA7, LPA, VDR, BGLAP
42	arginine32	5.7	REN, SERPINA7, LPA, VDR, BGLAP, LEP
43	norepinephrine32 9 18 9	8.7	REN, LEP, CGA, CGB5, CD79A, CD40LG
44	lactate32	5.6	XDH, CGA, CGB, CGB5, CD79A, CD40LG
45	cholesterol32 9 18 9	8.5	REN, GC, SERPINA7, SERPINE1, LPA, PAEP
46	retinoic acid32 42 18	7.5	GC, SERPINE1, VDR, BGLAP, PAEP, MTHFR
47	vegf32	4.9	REN, SERPINE1, LPA, BGLAP, PAEP, PAPPA
48	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	8.8	REN, SERPINE1, VDR, BGLAP, PAPPA, LEP
49	estrogen32	4.3	GC, SERPINA7, SERPINE1, LPA, VDR, BGLAP
50	serine32	INF	GC, SERPINA7, , SERPINE1, VDR, BGLAP

Cellular components related to turner syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	axon	GO:030424	9.4	GC, AR, GHRL, DDC, NF1, GAD2
2	extracellular space	GO:005615	5.3	POMC, MBL2, APOA1, IL6, INS, CD40LG
3	extracellular region	GO:005576	4.7	POMC, PRL, TG, AGTR2, APOA1, IL6

Biological processes related to turner syndrome according to GeneDecks:

(show all 22)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:043568	10.4	GH1, IGF1, IGFBP3, AR
2	sex differentiation	GO:007548	10.4	TSPY1, SRY, DMRT3, AMH, AR
3	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	GO:042136	10.1	MAOA, TH, GAD2
4	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	GO:045725	10.1	INS, IGF2, IGF1, PTH
5	skeletal system development	GO:001501	9.9	VDR, DSPP, SHOX2, SHOX, PTH, TNFRSF11B
6	positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	GO:046628	9.9	IGF2, INS, LEP
7	female pregnancy	GO:007565	9.7	PRL, GNRH1, IRF1, LEP, PAPPA, GC
8	response to drug	GO:042493	9.7	GAD2, TNFRSF11B, AMH, MAOB, UBE2B, BGLAP
9	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein	GO:042517	9.5	GHR, GH1, IL6, LEP
10	lactation	GO:007595	9.5	PRL, XDH, VDR, GC
11	cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process	GO:034641	9.4	SLC25A10, POMC, TH, DDC, TPO, TPH1
12	regulation of blood pressure	GO:008217	9.4	POMC, AGTR2, CALCA, LEP, REN
13	cell-cell signaling	GO:007267	9.1	POMC, PTH, CALCA, GNRH1, AMH, INS
14	multicellular organismal development	GO:007275	8.9	DAZ1, RS1, RPS4Y1, RPS4X, DSPP, DMRT3
15	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:043410	8.9	IGF1, IGFBP3, IGF2, IL6, INS, AR
16	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:050731	8.8	TP53, GHR, GH1, IGF1, IGF2, IL6
17	acute-phase response	GO:006953	8.6	CRP, F2, MBL2, IL6, INS
18	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	GO:045893	8.3	AGTR2, SRY, TP53, HNF1B, IGF1, IL6
19	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	7.8	GPT, TPH1, TPO, DDC, CYP21A2, TH
20	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:008284	7.6	RPS4X, F2, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IL6
21	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	GO:045944	7.6	HOXD13, HNF1B, TP53, TNFSF11, PTH, POMC
22	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	7.4	TP53, GHRL, HNF1B, IGF1R, IL6, INS

Molecular functions related to turner syndrome according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:005159	9.6	IGF1, IGF2, INS, REN
2	insulin receptor binding	GO:005158	9.0	IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, INS
3	growth factor activity	GO:008083	8.7	GH1, F2, AMH, IGF1, IGF2, IL6
4	hormone activity	GO:005179	8.4	LEP, POMC, PRL, TG, PTH, GH1
5	receptor binding	GO:005102	8.4	CALCA, F2, AMH, MBL2, AR, SERPINE1
6	protein binding	GO:005515	4.6	SRY, DAZ1, DDC, DMD, PTPN22, DYM