Varicocele malady

Wikipedia: Varicocele /ˈværɨkɵsiːl/, also known as varicoscele or varicose seal, is an abnormal enlargement of...⁴⁴ more...

MalaCards: Varicocele, also known as scrotal varices (disorder), is related to male infertility and impotence. An important gene associated with Varicocele is AZF1 (azoospermia factor 1), and among its related pathways are Heme degradation and Immune response_Bacterial infections in normal airways. The compounds egcg and n acetylcysteine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include prostate, testis and t cells, and related mouse phenotypes are respiratory system and hematopoietic system.

Aliases & Descriptions:

varicocele 6 8 32 43 scrotal varices (disorder) 6

varicocele (disorder) 6 scrotal varices 6

Diseases related to varicocele by text searches and GeneDecks gene sharing:

(show top 50)    (show all 631)

id	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	male infertility	29.7	USP9Y, CGA, AZF1, GNRH1, CAT, ESR2
2	impotence	28.9	BLVRB, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
3	oligospermia	28.6	USP9Y, AZF1, GSTT1, PRL
4	gynecomastia	27.5	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, ESR1, SHBG, PRL
5	cryptorchidism	27.5	USP9Y, PARP1, CGA, CGB5, AZF1, AMH
6	infertility	23.3	USP9Y, BLVRB, CKM, LDHC, XDH, CGA
7	prostatitis	17.4	USP9Y, PARP1, BAK1, XDH, CGA, CGB5
8	hypothalamic disease	13.8	CGA, GNRH1, PRL
9	testicular disease	13.8	GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
10	fragile x-associated primary ovarian insufficiency	13.7	CGA, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
11	thyroid hormone resistance syndrome	13.7	GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
12	micropenis	13.6	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1
13	delayed puberty	13.6	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, PRL
14	anovulation	13.6	CGA, AMH, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
15	premature ovarian failure	13.6	GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
16	21-hydroxylase deficiency	13.6	CGB5, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
17	polycystic ovary syndrome	13.6	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
18	amenorrhea	13.6	CGA, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
19	ovarian cyst	13.5	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, ESR2
20	adrenal hyperplasia	13.5	CGA, CGB5, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
21	hypogonadotropism	13.5	CGA, CGB5, AMH, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
22	gonadotropin deficiency	13.5	CGA, GNRH1, PRL, SOD1
23	klinefelter's syndrome	13.5	USP9Y, CGA, AZF1, AMH, GNRH1, SHBG
24	leydig cell adenoma	13.4	CGA, GNRH1
25	sycp3-related pregnancy loss, susceptibility to	13.4	CGA, CGB5, GSTT1, GNRH1
26	gonadal dysgenesis	13.4	XDH, CGB5, AZF1, AMH, GNRH1, SHBG
27	hypopituitarism	13.4	CGA, GNRH1, SHBG, PRL, SOD1
28	y chromosome infertility	13.3	USP9Y, CGA, CGB5, AZF1, AMH, GNRH1
29	social phobia	13.3	CAT, PRL, SOD1
30	breast cyst	13.3	CGB5, ACE, ACPP, PRL
31	toxic epidermal necrolysis	13.3	EDNRA, EDNRB
32	sertoli cell-only syndrome	13.3	USP9Y, AZF1, FASLG, CASP3
33	oligohydramnios	13.2	CGA, AQP1, EDN1, ACE
34	hyperandrogenism	13.2	CGA, CGB5, GPT, AMH, GNRH1, SHBG
35	creatine phosphokinase	13.2	CKM, GPT, SOD1
36	hyperinsulinism	13.2	GPT, GNRH1, SHBG, EDN1
37	neuroectodermal endocrine syndrome	13.2	GNRH1, SHBG, PRL
38	acute myocarditis	13.2	FASLG, FAS, ACE
39	polycystic kidney disease, autosomal dominant	13.2	AQP1, EDNRA, EDNRB, ACE
40	priapism	13.2	AQP1, GNRH1, GLA, NOS2
41	multinodular goiter	13.1	CAT, ESR2, SHBG, SOD1
42	kanzaki disease	13.1	GLA, ACE
43	large cell carcinoma	13.1	BAK1, CGA, CGB5, TP53
44	hyperphenylalaninemia	13.1	CAT, SOD1, CACNA1C
45	ectopic pregnancy	13.1	CGA, CGB5, INHBB, GNRH1, NOS2
46	bladder cancer susceptibility	13.1	PARP1, GSTM1, GSTT1
47	systemic scleroderma	13.1	EDN1, EDNRA, ACE, PRL
48	digestive diseases	13.1	XDH, GPT, CAT, SOD1
49	lacrimal duct obstruction	13.1	XDH, HMOX1, EDNRB, TTF2
50	acute t cell leukemia	13.1	PARP1, FASLG, FAS, CASP3

Approved drugs:

Drug clinical trials:

MalaCards organs/tissues related to varicocele:

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to varicocele:

²⁵ (show all 20)

id	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	respiratory system phenotype	MP:0005388	10.3	HMOX2
2	hematopoietic system phenotype	MP:0005397	10.0	NT5E, CASP9, AQP1, BAK1
3	liver/biliary system phenotype	MP:0005370	9.3	SOD1, PRL, TP53, ESR2, GLA
4	endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype	MP:0005379	9.3	CACNA1C, LDHC, XDH, EDNRA, HSPA2, HSF2
5	immune system phenotype	MP:0005387	8.8	PRL, EDNRB, EDNRA, TP53, CASP9, HSP90AA1
6	hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype	MP:0005377	8.7	SOD1, EDNRB, EDNRA, EDN1, ESR2, FAS
7	reproductive system phenotype	MP:0005389	8.4	CASP3, ESR2, NOS2, ACR, PRL, HSPA2
8	nervous system phenotype	MP:0003631	8.4	HMOX2, EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB, PRL, CACNA1C
9	renal/urinary system phenotype	MP:0005367	8.3	EDNRB, EDNRA, NT5E, ESR2, ESR1, GLA
10	integument phenotype	MP:0010771	8.3	CACNA1C, PRL, ACPP, EDNRB, TP53, HMOX2
11	digestive/alimentary phenotype	MP:0005381	7.8	EDNRB, EDNRA, EDN1, NOS2, HMOX2, ESR2
12	behavior/neurological phenotype	MP:0005386	7.5	NOS2, EDNRB, ACE, ACPP, PRL, CACNA1C
13	skeleton phenotype	MP:0005390	7.3	EDNRB, TP53, ESR2, ESR1, CASP3, GNRH1
14	growth/size phenotype	MP:0005378	7.2	CASP3, CASP9, ESR2, TP53, EDNRB, HSF2
15	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	7.0	TP53, NOS2, EDN1, EDNRB, ACE, CACNA1C
16	tumorigenesis	MP:0002006	6.9	TP53, NOS2, EDNRB, ACE, PRL, ESR2
17	muscle phenotype	MP:0005369	6.6	CACNA1C, SOD1, EDNRB, EDNRA, EDN1, NOS2
18	cardiovascular system phenotype	MP:0005385	5.1	TP53, NT5E, NOS2, EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB
19	cellular phenotype	MP:0005384	4.5	CASP9, GLA, ESR1, ESR2, HMOX1, TP53
20	homeostasis/metabolism phenotype	MP:0005376	3.1	CACNA1C, SOD1, PRL, ACE, EDNRB, EDNRA

Articles related to varicocele:

(show top 50)    (show all 58)

id	Title	Authors	Year	Affiliating Genes
1	Sperm caspase-9 in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men w ith and without varicocele. (21868008)	Zalata A.... Mostafa T.	2011	CASP9
2	Inhibin B and anti-MA1llerian hormone in spermatic vei n of subfertile men with varicocele. (21285453)	Goulis D.C.h.... Goulis D.G.	2011	INHBB, AMH
3	Increased expression of endothelin-1 and its receptor s in varicocele: an immunohistochemical study. (21601190)	Gyftopoulos K.... Papadaki H.	2011	EDNRB, EDNRA, EDN1
4	Heme oxygenase enzyme activity in seminal plasma of o ligoasthenoteratozoospermic males with varicocele. (20629646)	Abdel Aziz M.T.... Waheed F.	2010	HMOX2
5	Heat shock protein and heat shock factor expression i n sperm: relation to oligozoospermia and varicocele. (20096881)	Ferlin A.... Foresta C.	2010	HSF2
6	Expression of the Fas-ligand gene in ejaculated sperm from adolescents with and without varicocele. (20165911)	Del Giudice P.T.... Cedenho A.P.	2010	FASLG
7	Effects of varicocele upon the expression of apoptosi s-related proteins. (20629644)	Chang F.W.... Wu G.J.	2010	TP53, PARP1, BAK1
8	The association between varicocele, premature ejacula tion and prostatitis symptoms: possible mechanisms. (19674254)	Lotti F.... Maggi M.	2009	PRL
9	Soluble Fas and gonadal hormones in infertile men with varicocele. (18439588)	Zedan H.... Mostafa T.	2009	FAS
10	5'-Nucleotidase activity is decreased in seminal plasma and spermatozoa from varicocele patients. (18787389)	Fini C.... Tiziani F.	2008	NT5E
11	The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele. (18294306)	Sakamoto Y.... Fujisawa M.	2008	SOD1, IL8
12	Relationship of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase with varicocele infertility (18572859)	Xu Y.... Peng Y.F.	2008	NOS2
13	Varicocele sclerotherapy improves serum inhibin B levels and seminal parameters. (17376219)	Di Bisceglie C.... Manieri C.	2007	INHBB
14	Influence of polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase T1 on Chinese infertile patients with varicocele. (18163994)	Wu Q.... Jin X.	2007	GSTT1
15	Nitric oxide produced in the testis is involved in dilatation of the internal spermatic vein that compromises spermatogenesis in infertile men with varicocele. (17346270)	Shiraishi K.... Naito K.	2007	BLVRB
16	Somatic angiotensin converting enzyme in varicocele. (16728350)	Asci R.... Bedir A.	2006	ACE
17	Baseline follicle-stimulating hormone is a strong predictor for the outcome of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone test in young men with unilateral medium- or high-grade varicocele. (16925763)	Bach T.... Tauber R.	2006	GNRH1
18	Expression of the HSPA2 gene in ejaculated spermatozoa from adolescents with and without varicocele. (17007855)	Lima S.B.... Cedenho A.P.	2006	HSPA2
19	Inhibin B levels in peripheral vein do not correlate with inhibin B levels in the spermatic vein in adolescents with varicocele. (16728349)	Turkyilmaz Z.... Kale N.	2006	INHBB
20	Deletions in L-type calcium channel alpha1 subunit testicular transcripts correlate with testicular cadmium and apoptosis in infertile men with varicoceles. (15749491)	Benoff S.... Marmar J.L.	2005	CACNA1C
21	Screening for Y chromosome microdeletions in idiopathic and nonidiopathic infertile men with varicocele and cryptorchidism. (16157049)	Song N.H.... Feng N.H.	2005	AZF1
22	Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm creatine kinase, HspA2 chaperone protein (creatine kinase-M type), LDH, LDH-X, and lipid peroxidation product levels in infertile men with varicocele. (16140088)	Yesilli C.... Mungan A.	2005	CKM, LDHC
23	Immunoexpression of aquaporin-1 in adolescent varicocele testes: possible significance for fluid reabsorption. (15667881)	Nicotina P.A.... Zuccarello B.	2005	AQP1
24	Increased expression of Leydig cell haem oxygenase-1 preserves spermatogenesis in varicocele. (15878918)	Shiraishi K.... Naito K.	2005	HMOX1
25	Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the heat shock protein 90 gene in varicocele-associated infertility. (15992426)	Hassun Filho P.A.... Srougi M.	2005	HSP90AA1
26	Varicocele ligation on free testosterone levels in in fertile men with varicocele. (15669609)	Ishikawa T.... Fujisawa M.	2004	PRL
27	The changes in testicular vascular permeability during progression of the experimental varicocele. (12507549)	Salama N.... Damber J.E.	2003	CGA
28	Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 and male infertility in Taiwanese patients with varicocele. (11870126)	Chen S.S.... Wei Y.H.	2002	GSTM1
29	Abnormal expression of acid glycosidases in seminal plasma and spermatozoa from infertile men with varicocele. (11882018)	Corrales J.J.... Villar E.	2002	GLA
30	AZF microdeletions associated with idiopathic and non-idiopathic cases with cryptorchidism and varicocele. (12508125)	Dada R.... Kucheria K.	2002	USP9Y, AZF1
31	Varicocele as a progressive lesion: positive effect of varicocele repair. (11212075)	Cozzolino D.J.... Lipshultz L.I.	2001	GNRH1
32	Varicocelectomy reduces reactive oxygen species level s and increases antioxidant activity of seminal plasma from infertile men with varicocele. (11554982)	Mostafa T.... Othman I.A.	2001	SOD1, CAT, ALB
33	Predictive indicators of successful varicocele repair in men with infertility. (10997484)	Yoshida K.... Moriguchi H.	2000	PRL
34	Low plasma testosterone in varicocele patients with impotence and male infertility. (11111867)	Younes A.K.	2000	PRL
35	Gonadotropin response to GnRH and seminal parameters in low grade varicocele (10193017)	Foppiani L.... Giusti M.	1999	GNRH1
36	Pituitary and testicular function in adolescents with varicocele. (10624500)	Osuna J.A.... Tortolero I.	1999	CGA
37	Serum inhibin B levels and the response to gonadotropin stimulation test in pubertal boys with varicocele. (10458399)	Carrillo A.... Danon M.	1999	GNRH1
38	Evaluation of the relationship between semen parameters, pregnancy rate of wives of infertile men with varicocele, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone test before and after varicocelectomy. (9801113)	Segenreich E.... Livne P.	1998	GNRH1
39	The naloxone test in patients with varicocele (9695347)	Bablok L.... Marianowski L.	1998	PRL
40	Quantitative analysis of testicular varicocele by scintigraphy (8885500)	Weiss D.B.... Hain D.	1996	TTF2
41	Nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase activities in the spermatic vein of patients with varicocele: a potential role for nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in sperm dysfunction. (8911364)	Mitropoulos D.... Stavrides J.	1996	XDH
42	Free sex steroid and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in oligozoospermic men with varicoceles. (8690120)	Hudson R.W.	1996	GNRH1, SHBG
43	Varicocele in prepubertal boys. Evaluation of clinical Doppler and hormonal findings. (9284571)	Fideleff H.L.... Holland M.	1996	CGA, GNRH1
44	Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal damage in adolescents with varicocele (8935565)	Pasqualini T.... Ruiz E.	1996	GNRH1
45	Effect of experimental left varicocele on rat Leydig cell function (7897932)	Kazama T.	1995	CGA
46	The effect of smoking and varicocele on human sperm acrosin activity and acrosome reaction. (8822441)	El Mulla K.F.... Schill W.B.	1995	ACR
47	Serum levels of steroid hormones in men with varicocele and oligospermia as compared to normozoospermic men. (1305061)	Hampl R.... StA!rka L.	1992	PRL
48	Elevated serum estradiol associated with increased androstenedione-testosterone ratio in adolescent males with varicocele and gynecomastia. (1894030)	Castro-Magana M.... Uy J.	1991	CGB5
49	Fructose, prostatic acid phosphatase and zinc levels in the seminal plasma of varicoceles. (1977719)	AndA^ S.... Seidita F.	1990	ACPP
50	Indices of testicular endosecretory function and of the status of the hypophyseal-gonadal system in varicocele (2368218)	Figarov I.G.... Gadzhieva I.S.h.	1990	PRL

Genes related to varicocele according to GeneCards:

(show all 46)

id	Symbol	Description	Score	GeneCards Section Context
1	AZF1	azoospermia factor 1	11.0	Publications
2	ACR	acrosin	11.0	Publications
3	GNRH1	gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (luteinizing-releasing hormone)	11.0	Publications
4	ACPP	acid phosphatase, prostate	11.0	Publications
5	CGA	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	11.0	Publications
6	PRL	prolactin	11.0	Publications
7	SHBG	sex hormone-binding globulin	11.0	Publications
8	INHBB	inhibin, beta B	11.0	Publications
9	HSPA2	heat shock 70kDa protein 2	11.0	Publications
10	USP9Y	ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, Y-linked	11.0	Publications
11	CKM	creatine kinase, muscle	11.0	Publications
12	HSF2	heat shock transcription factor 2	11.0	Publications
13	HMOX2	heme oxygenase (decycling) 2	11.0	Publications
14	NT5E	5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)	11.0	Publications
15	AMH	anti-Mullerian hormone	11.0	Publications
16	LDHC	lactate dehydrogenase C	11.0	Publications
17	AQP1	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	11.0	Publications
18	GLA	galactosidase, alpha	11.0	Publications
19	BAK1	BCL2-antagonist/killer 1	11.0	Publications
20	BLVRB	biliverdin reductase B (flavin reductase (NADPH))	11.0	Publications
21	TTF2	transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase II	11.0	Publications
22	EDNRB	endothelin receptor type B	11.0	Publications
23	CGB5	chorionic gonadotropin, beta polypeptide 5	11.0	Publications
24	EDNRA	endothelin receptor type A	11.0	Publications
25	XDH	xanthine dehydrogenase	11.0	Publications
26	PARP1	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	11.0	Publications
27	FASLG	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	11.0	Publications
28	CASP9	caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase	11.0	Publications
29	GPT	glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase)	11.0	Publications
30	CACNA1C	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	11.0	Publications
31	SOD1	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	11.0	Publications
32	CAT	catalase	11.0	Publications
33	EDN1	endothelin 1	11.0	Publications
34	GSTM1	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	11.0	Publications
35	ESR2	estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	11.0	Publications
36	HSP90AA1	heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1	11.0	Publications
37	FAS	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6)	11.0	Publications
38	GSTT1	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	11.0	Publications
39	HMOX1	heme oxygenase (decycling) 1	11.0	Publications
40	IL8	interleukin 8	11.0	Publications
41	ACE	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1	11.0	Publications
42	CASP3	caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase	11.0	Publications
43	NOS2	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	11.0	Publications
44	TP53	tumor protein p53	11.0	Publications
45	ESR1	estrogen receptor 1	11.0	Publications
46	ALB	albumin	11.0	Publications

Pathways related to varicocele according to GeneDecks:

(show all 32)

id	Pathway	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Heme degradation38	10.2	BLVRB, HMOX1, HMOX2
2	Immune response_Bacterial infections in normal airways41	10.2	NOS2
3	G alpha (q) signalling events38	10.0	GNRH1, EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB
4	Platinum Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics34	9.9	GSTM1, GSTT1, SOD1
5	Selected targets of GCR-alpha10	9.7	HSP90AA1, FASLG, IL8, CGA
6	Doxorubicin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics34	9.7	SOD1, NOS2, CAT, XDH
7	Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)41	9.7	SOD1, NOS2, HSP90AA1, HSPA2
8	Apoptosis and survival_Apoptotic TNF-family pathways41	9.7	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG
9	Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway36	9.7	CASP3, EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB
10	Apoptosis and survival Apoptotic TNF-family pathways10	9.7	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG
11	Influenza A20	9.6	IL8, FASLG, HSPA2, CASP9
12	Doxorubicin Pathway (Cancer Cell), Pharmacodynamics34	9.6	SOD1, TP53, CAT, XDH
13	Apoptosis and survival_Caspase cascade41	9.6	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG, PARP1
14	Apoptosis and survival Caspase cascade10	9.6	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG, PARP1
15	Apoptosis and survival_FAS signaling cascades41	9.5	FASLG, FAS, CASP3, CASP9, PARP1
16	Apoptosis and survival FAS signaling cascades10	9.5	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG, PARP1
17	Signal transduction_AKT signaling41	9.4	TP53, CASP9, HSP90AA1, FASLG
18	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction20	9.4	PRL, AMH, FAS, FASLG, IL8, INHBB
19	Apoptotic Pathways Triggered By HIV136	9.4	TP53, CASP9, CASP3, BAK1
20	Apoptosis and Autophagy3	9.3	CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG, BAK1, PARP1
21	Pathogenesis of ALS36	9.3	CASP3, CASP9, TP53, SOD1
22	Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway10	9.2	EDN1, NOS2, HMOX1, IL8
23	Immune response_IL-1 signaling pathway41	9.2	IL8, HMOX1, NOS2, EDN1
24	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)20	9.1	SOD1, TP53, CASP9, CAT, CASP3
25	Apoptosis20	9.1	TP53, CASP9, CASP3, FAS, FASLG
26	Peroxisome20	9.0	SOD1, NOS2, CAT, XDH
27	p53 signaling pathway20	9.0	TP53, CASP9, CASP3, FAS
28	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)20	9.0	ACE, NOS2, FAS, FASLG, IL8
29	Pathways in cancer20	8.7	NOS2, TP53, CASP9, CASP3, FAS
30	Apoptosis Signaling Pathways37	8.7	BAK1, TP53, CASP9, CASP3, HSP90AA1, FAS
31	MAPK signaling pathway20	8.6	CACNA1C, TP53, CASP3, HSPA2, FAS, FASLG
32	eNOS Signaling36	8.3	ESR2, ESR1, CASP3, HSP90AA1, GNRH1, AQP1

Compounds related to varicocele according to GeneDecks:

(show top 50)    (show all 355)

id	Compound	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	egcg32	10.1	CAT, CASP9, EDNRA, SOD1
2	n acetylcysteine32	10.1	GPT, TP53
3	gnrh32	10.0	SHBG, FASLG, CGB5, BLVRB, EDNRA, ACPP
4	h2o232	9.7	EDNRB, EDNRA, ESR2, CASP9, CGB5, CGA
5	c2ceramide32	9.7	CASP3, PARP1, CGB5
6	sodium nitroprusside32	9.6	BLVRB, CGA, CGB5, FASLG, CAT, HMOX1
7	ascorbic acid32 18	10.5	GSTM1, GSTT1, FASLG, FAS, CGB5, CGA
8	sb 20358032 42	10.3	HMOX1, HSP90AA1, PARP1, EDN1, CASP3
9	estradiol benzoate32	9.2	ESR1, ESR2, CGB5, CGA, PRL, GNRH1
10	leuprolide acetate32	9.2	PRL, CGB5, CGA, GNRH1, ESR1, ESR2
11	flutamide32 9 9	11.2	SHBG, PRL, ACPP, ESR1, GNRH1, GPT
12	clomiphene citrate32	9.2	PRL, SHBG, ESR1, GNRH1, ESR2, CGA
13	trolox32	9.0	HMOX1, CASP9, CAT, PARP1, XDH, CASP3
14	estradiol32 9 18 9	11.6	BAK1, BLVRB, ACPP, CGA, PRL, SHBG
15	cyclosporin a32 42	9.5	TTF2, EDNRB, CGA, CGB5, IL8, FASLG
16	steroid32	8.5	BLVRB, PRL, ACPP, CGA, CGB5, GSTT1
17	progesterone32 42 9 18 9	12.5	PRL, TTF2, GNRH1, ACPP, HMOX2, ESR2
18	dihydrotestosterone32 9 18 9	11.4	ACPP, PRL, SHBG, ESR2, ESR1, HSP90AA1
19	testosterone32 9 18 9	11.4	AMH, FAS, FASLG, GSTM1, GNRH1, HSP90AA1
20	mifepristone32 42 9 9	11.3	GNRH1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, ESR2, SHBG, PRL
21	arsenite32 18	9.3	PARP1, FAS, HSP90AA1, CAT, SOD1, CASP9
22	creatinine32	8.1	CKM, GSTT1, AQP1, FAS, GLA, SHBG
23	alanine32	8.1	SHBG, BAK1, EDNRA, GPT, ALB, CGA
24	adenylate32	8.0	SHBG, GPT, EDNRA, FASLG, CGB5, NOS2
25	s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine32	8.0	PARP1, XDH, IL8, CASP3, CAT, CASP9
26	quercetin32 42 9 18 9	11.8	NOS2, SOD1, HMOX1, BAK1, CASP9, CAT
27	nitric oxide32 9 18 9	10.8	TTF2, ACE, EDNRB, EDNRA, NOS2, HMOX2
28	4-hydroxynonenal32 18	8.7	SOD1, NOS2, HMOX1, PARP1, XDH, GSTM1
29	oxygen32 18	8.6	ACR, EDNRA, NOS2, HMOX2, CASP9, CASP3
30	tamoxifen32 34 9 9	10.6	SHBG, ESR2, ESR1, HSP90AA1, PRL, GNRH1
31	arginine32	7.6	EDNRA, EDN1, SHBG, HMOX2, HMOX1, ESR2
32	vegf32	7.6	TTF2, ACPP, EDNRB, EDNRA, NT5E, TP53
33	pdtc32	7.5	TP53, IL8, HMOX1, SOD1, NOS2, PARP1
34	etoposide32 42 9 9	10.5	CASP3, TP53, CASP9, HSP90AA1, FAS, ESR2
35	cisplatin32 34 9 9	10.5	XDH, PARP1, BAK1, HSP90AA1, CGB5, CGA
36	prostacyclin32	7.5	EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB, SOD1, ACE, HMOX1
37	indomethacin32 9 9	9.5	NOS2, EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB, SOD1, HMOX1
38	vitamin d32	7.5	ALB, GPT, FAS, GSTM1, CGA, HSP90AA1
39	cysteine32	7.4	CASP3, ALB, FASLG, AQP1, GSTM1, XDH
40	estrogen32	7.3	PRL, TTF2, ACPP, EDNRA, SHBG, NOS2
41	curcumin32	7.2	IL8, NOS2, TP53, HMOX1, CASP9, CAT
42	mg 13232 42	8.1	PARP1, CASP3, CASP9, ESR1, HMOX1, NOS2
43	dexamethasone32 42 34 9 9	11.0	CASP9, EDNRA, EDNRB, TTF2, PRL, SHBG
44	paclitaxel32 34 9 9	10.0	BAK1, FAS, HSP90AA1, CASP3, CASP9, ESR1
45	genistein32 9 18 9	9.6	NOS2, ESR2, ESR1, CASP9, CASP3, FAS
46	resveratrol32 9 18 9	9.5	PARP1, BAK1, XDH, FASLG, FAS, CASP3
47	lactate32	6.4	CKM, GNRH1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, CAT, GLA
48	doxorubicin32 34 9 9	8.9	CASP3, HSP90AA1, FAS, FASLG, GSTT1, GSTM1
49	actinomycin d32	5.6	HMOX1, HMOX2, TP53, NOS2, EDN1, ESR2
50	cycloheximide32	5.5	EDN1, NOS2, TP53, HMOX1, ESR2, ESR1

Cellular components related to varicocele according to GeneDecks:

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:005615	8.0	ACE, EDN1, HMOX1, GNRH1, ALB, AMH
2	extracellular region	GO:005576	7.3	XDH, SOD1, PRL, ACPP, EDN1, SHBG
3	cytosol	GO:005829	5.7	CASP3, CAT, CASP9, HMOX1, TP53, NOS2

Biological processes related to varicocele according to GeneDecks:

(show all 25)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endothelin receptor signaling pathway	GO:086100	10.4	EDNRB, EDNRA
2	purine nucleotide catabolic process	GO:006195	10.3	NT5E, CAT, XDH
3	vasoconstriction	GO:042310	10.2	EDNRB, EDNRA, EDN1
4	heme catabolic process	GO:042167	10.2	HMOX2, HMOX1, BLVRB
5	purine nucleobase metabolic process	GO:006144	10.2	ACPP, NT5E, CAT, XDH
6	inflammatory cell apoptotic process	GO:006925	10.2	FAS, FASLG
7	heme oxidation	GO:006788	10.2	HMOX2, HMOX1
8	porphyrin-containing compound metabolic process	GO:006778	10.2	HMOX2, HMOX1, BLVRB
9	cellular response to mechanical stimulus	GO:071260	10.0	EDNRA, FAS, AQP1, BAK1
10	activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c	GO:008635	10.0	BAK1, CASP3, CASP9
11	positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:090023	10.0	EDNRA, EDN1, IL8
12	negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process	GO:032269	10.0	EDNRB, EDN1
13	nitric oxide transport	GO:030185	9.8	EDN1, AQP1
14	induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors	GO:008625	9.8	FASLG, FAS, CASP3
15	cell-cell signaling	GO:007267	9.7	EDN1, ESR2, GNRH1, AMH, FASLG, CGA
16	regulation of blood pressure	GO:008217	9.6	SOD1, ACE, EDNRB, HMOX1
17	response to drug	GO:042493	9.4	SOD1, EDN1, AMH, FAS, AQP1, BAK1
18	induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals	GO:008629	9.4	BAK1, CASP3, CASP9, TP53
19	release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	GO:001836	9.3	BAK1, CASP3, TP53
20	response to hypoxia	GO:001666	9.3	FAS, CAT, HMOX2, NOS2, EDN1, EDNRA
21	positive regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043065	9.1	SOD1, TP53, ESR2, FAS, FASLG, BAK1
22	negative regulation of gene expression	GO:010629	9.1	NOS2, ESR1, XDH, BAK1
23	regulation of apoptotic process	GO:042981	8.8	INHBB, FAS, CASP3, CASP9, TP53
24	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:043066	8.5	EDNRA, TP53, CAT, CASP3, ALB, AQP1
25	small molecule metabolic process	GO:044281	7.8	BLVRB, CACNA1C, NT5E, HMOX2, HMOX1, GLA

Molecular functions related to varicocele according to GeneDecks:

(show all 7)

id	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endothelin receptor activity	GO:004962	10.2	EDNRA, EDNRB
2	hormone activity	GO:005179	9.9	PRL, EDN1, GNRH1, AMH, INHBB, CGA
3	heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity	GO:004392	9.7	HMOX1, HMOX2
4	chaperone binding	GO:051087	9.0	SOD1, TP53, ALB, BAK1
5	copper ion binding	GO:005507	8.9	SOD1, ACR, TP53, ALB
6	protein homodimerization activity	GO:042803	8.3	BAK1, SOD1, SHBG, NOS2, HMOX1, GLA
7	protein binding	GO:005515	3.9	GLA, ESR1, ESR2, HMOX2, TP53, NOS2