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MGCA3
MCID: 3MT016
MIFTS: 66

3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii (MGCA3)

Categories: Eye diseases, Genetic diseases, Metabolic diseases, Nephrological diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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MalaCards integrated aliases for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

Name: 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii 56 40 13 39
Optic Atrophy 12 74 36 29 54 6 43 15 71 32
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type 3 12 24 25 58 29 6 15 71
Costeff Syndrome 56 12 24 25 58 73
Costeff Optic Atrophy Syndrome 12 24 25 58 73
Mga3 56 12 25 58 73
Optic Atrophy Plus Syndrome 56 24 25 73
Infantile Optic Atrophy with Chorea and Spastic Paraplegia 12 25 58
Autosomal Recessive Optic Atrophy Plus Syndrome 12 58
Opa3-Related 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria 40 24
Autosomal Recessive Optic Atrophy Type 3 12 58
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type Iii 12 25
Mga, Type Iii 56 25
Mgca3 56 73
Optic Atrophy, Infantile, with Chorea and Spastic Paraplegia 56
3-Alpha-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type 3 73
Optic Atrophy 3, Autosomal Recessive 56
Autosomal Recessive Optic Atrophy 3 25
Optic Atrophy 3 Autosomal Recessive 73
Iraqi-Jewish 'optic Atrophy Plus' 56
Iraqi-Jewish Optic Atrophy Plus 12
Iraqi Jewish Optic Atrophy Plus 25
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria 3 73
Atrophy, Optic, Plus Syndrome 39
Optic Atrophies, Hereditary 43
Opa3, Autosomal Recessive 56
Autosomal Recessive Opa3 25
Atrophy of Optic Disc 12
Mga, Type Iii; Mga3 56
Atrophy, Optic 39
Mga Type Iii 73
Opa3 Defect 25

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive; Age of onset: Childhood;

OMIM:

56
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive

Miscellaneous:
onset of optic atrophy in infancy or early childhood
neurologic features occur later in childhood
increased prevalence in individuals of jewish-iraqi origin
allelic disorder to autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract


HPO:

31
3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type iii:
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Metabolic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Eye diseases Neuronal diseases Nephrological diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare eye diseases
Inborn errors of metabolism


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0110004 DOID:5723
OMIM 56 258501
OMIM Phenotypic Series 56 PS250950
KEGG 36 H01020
ICD9CM 34 377.1 377.10
NCIt 49 C34863
SNOMED-CT 67 76976005
MESH via Orphanet 44 C535311
ICD10 via Orphanet 33 E71.1
UMLS via Orphanet 72 C0574084
Orphanet 58 ORPHA67047
MedGen 41 C0574084
UMLS 71 C0029124 C0574084
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Summaries for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

About this section
Genetics Home Reference : 25 Costeff syndrome is an inherited condition characterized by vision loss, delayed development, and movement problems. Vision loss is primarily caused by degeneration (atrophy) of the optic nerves, which carry information from the eyes to the brain. This optic nerve atrophy often begins in infancy or early childhood and results in vision impairment that worsens over time. Some affected individuals have rapid and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) or eyes that do not look in the same direction (strabismus). Development of motor skills, such as walking, is often delayed in people with Costeff syndrome. Affected individuals may also have speech difficulties (dysarthria). While some people with Costeff syndrome have mild to moderate intellectual disability, many have normal intelligence. Movement problems in people with Costeff syndrome develop in late childhood and include muscle stiffness (spasticity), impaired muscle coordination (ataxia), and involuntary jerking movements (choreiform movements). As a result of these movement difficulties, individuals with Costeff syndrome may require wheelchair assistance. Costeff syndrome is associated with increased levels of a substance called 3-methylglutaconic acid in the urine (3-methylglutaconic aciduria). The amount of this substance does not appear to influence the signs and symptoms of the condition. Costeff syndrome is one of a group of metabolic disorders that can be diagnosed by the presence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. People with Costeff syndrome also have high levels of another acid called 3-methylglutaric acid in their urine.

MalaCards based summary : 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii, also known as optic atrophy, is related to leber optic atrophy and neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type via, with optic atrophy, and has symptoms including ataxia, abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function and muscle spasticity. An important gene associated with 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii is OPA3 (Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Lipid Metabolism Regulator OPA3), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Glucose / Energy Metabolism. The drugs Idebenone and Antioxidants have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, brain and pituitary, and related phenotypes are visual impairment and choreoathetosis

OMIM : 56 Type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria is a neuroophthalmologic syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy and later-onset spasticity, extrapyramidal dysfunction, and cognitive deficit. Urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid and of 3-methylglutaric acid is increased (Anikster et al., 2001). The phenotype is similar to Behr syndrome (210000) and may in some cases represent the same disorder (Sheffer et al., 1992; Lerman-Sagie, 1995). (258501)

KEGG : 36 Hereditary optic atrophy (OPA) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a sudden or gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells function. OPA results from degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Symptoms include a variable association of decreased visual acuity, visual field defects, and color vision abnormalities. All nonsyndromic OPAs characterized to date result from defects in genes encoding mitochondria-related proteins. The most frequent forms of nonsyndromic OPA are autosomal dominant OPA1-linked OPA (OPA1) and mitochondrial DNA-linked, maternally inherited Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). By contrast, autosomal recessive forms of optic atrophies (arOAs) are less frequent, and most cases are syndromic (e.g., OPA3 and OPA7). Isolated or nonsyndromic arOAs are believed to be extremely rare.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 73 3-methylglutaconic aciduria 3: An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that causes a neuro- ophthalmologic syndrome consisting of early-onset bilateral optic atrophy, spasticity, extrapyramidal dysfunction and cognitive deficit. Urinary excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-methylglutaric acid is increased. MGA3 can be distinguished from MGA1 by the absence of increase of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid levels.

Wikipedia : 74 Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or... more...

GeneReviews: NBK1473
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Related Diseases for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Diseases in the 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii family:

3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type I 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iv
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type V 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Vii
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Viii 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Ix
3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria

Diseases related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 610)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 leber optic atrophy 35.6 WFS1 TMEM126A OPA3 OPA1 MT-ND4 MFN2
2 neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type via, with optic atrophy 35.2 TMEM126A OPA3 MFN2 C12orf65
3 optic atrophy with or without deafness, ophthalmoplegia, myopathy, ataxia, and neuropathy 34.6 OPA1 MFN2
4 wolfram syndrome 34.6 WFS1 TMEM126A OPA3
5 behr syndrome 33.4 OPA3 OPA1 C12orf65
6 optic atrophy 1 33.2 OPA6 OPA1 MFN1 DNM1L
7 myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers 33.0 PMPCA MT-ND4 MFN2
8 wolfram syndrome 2 32.6 WFS1 TMEM126A
9 optic nerve disease 32.4 WFS1 TMEM126A OPA3 OPA1 MT-ND4 MFN2
10 peripheral nervous system disease 31.9 WFS1 OPA3 OPA1 MT-ND4 MFN2 MFN1
11 scotoma 31.8 TMEM126A OPA3 OPA1 MT-ND4 DNM1L
12 kearns-sayre syndrome 31.6 OPA3 MT-ND4 MFN2 C12orf65 AFG3L2
13 charcot-marie-tooth disease 31.4 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1 DNM1L C12orf65
14 tritanopia 31.3 TMEM126A OPA3 MT-ND4 DNM1L
15 spastic paraplegia 7, autosomal recessive 30.9 OPA1 AFG3L2
16 toxic optic neuropathy 30.7 TMEM126A OPA3 MT-ND4 MFN2
17 mitochondrial myopathy 30.5 MT-ND4 MFN2 DNM1L
18 optic atrophy 2 12.9
19 optic atrophy 7 with or without auditory neuropathy 12.8
20 cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss 12.8
21 spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy 12.8
22 bosch-boonstra-schaaf optic atrophy syndrome 12.7
23 optic atrophy 5 12.7
24 optic atrophy 11 12.7
25 dystonia, childhood-onset, with optic atrophy and basal ganglia abnormalities 12.7
26 optic atrophy 6 12.7
27 optic atrophy 8 12.6
28 neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type vib, with optic atrophy 12.6
29 optic atrophy 4 12.6
30 optic atrophy 10 with or without ataxia, mental retardation, and seizures 12.6
31 auditory neuropathy and optic atrophy 12.6
32 optic atrophy 9 12.6
33 encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy 12.6
34 neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, type vic, with optic atrophy 12.6
35 mitochondrial myopathy, episodic, with or without optic atrophy and reversible leukoencephalopathy 12.6
36 ataxia, spastic, childhood-onset, autosomal recessive, with optic atrophy and mental retardation 12.5
37 leber optic atrophy and dystonia 12.5
38 autosomal recessive isolated optic atrophy 12.5
39 glaucomatous atrophy of optic disc 12.5
40 mental retardation with optic atrophy, deafness, and seizures 12.5
41 primary optic atrophy 12.4
42 partial optic atrophy 12.4
43 optic atrophy--spastic paraplegia syndrome 12.4
44 metaphyseal dysplasia, anetoderma, and optic atrophy 12.4
45 spastic paraplegia-optic atrophy-neuropathy and spastic paraplegia-optic atrophy-neuropathy-related disorder 12.4
46 autosomal dominant optic atrophy and peripheral neuropathy 12.4
47 optic atrophy, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive 12.3
48 optic atrophy, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy, autosomal dominant 12.3
49 optic atrophy with negative electroretinograms 12.3
50 spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and dementia 12.3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:



Diseases related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Human phenotypes related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

58 31 (show all 17)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 visual impairment 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000505
2 choreoathetosis 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001266
3 3-methylglutaconic aciduria 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0003535
4 nystagmus 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000639
5 intellectual disability 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001249
6 ataxia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001251
7 dysarthria 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001260
8 spastic paraparesis 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002313
9 gait disturbance 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001288
10 spasticity 31 HP:0001257
11 hyperreflexia 31 HP:0001347
12 chorea 31 HP:0002072
13 optic atrophy 31 HP:0000648
14 cognitive impairment 31 HP:0100543
15 babinski sign 31 HP:0003487
16 reduced visual acuity 31 HP:0007663
17 abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function 31 HP:0002071

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

56
Neurologic Central Nervous System:
ataxia
spasticity
dysarthria
hyperreflexia
extrapyramidal signs
more
Laboratory Abnormalities:
increased urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid

Head And Neck Eyes:
optic atrophy
decreased visual acuity

Clinical features from OMIM:

258501

UMLS symptoms related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:


ataxia, abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function, muscle spasticity

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26 (show all 14)
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-105 9.55 DNM1L
2 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-123 9.55 DNM1L PMPCA
3 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-126 9.55 AFG3L2
4 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-140 9.55 AFG3L2 DNM1L PMPCA
5 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-157 9.55 DNM1L
6 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-177 9.55 PMPCA
7 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-180 9.55 PMPCA
8 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-201 9.55 PMPCA
9 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-208 9.55 DNM1L
10 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-36 9.55 PMPCA
11 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-42 9.55 DNM1L
12 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-43 9.55 AFG3L2
13 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-63 9.55 DNM1L
14 Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) GR00366-A-81 9.55 AFG3L2
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Drugs for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 78)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Idebenone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 58186-27-9
2 Antioxidants Phase 4
3 Protective Agents Phase 4
4
Metformin Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 657-24-9 4091 14219
5
Acetylcysteine Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 616-91-1 12035
6
Deferiprone Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 30652-11-0 2972
7
Iron Approved, Experimental Phase 2, Phase 3 7439-89-6, 15438-31-0 23925 27284
8
Curcumin Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 3 458-37-7 969516
9
Bosentan Approved, Investigational Phase 3 147536-97-8 104865
10 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
11 Hypoglycemic Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
12 Incretins Phase 2, Phase 3
13 Hormone Antagonists Phase 2, Phase 3
14 Hormones Phase 2, Phase 3
15 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 2, Phase 3
16
protease inhibitors Phase 2, Phase 3
17 Respiratory System Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
18 Chelating Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
19 Iron Chelating Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
20 N-monoacetylcystine Phase 2, Phase 3
21 Sitagliptin Phosphate Phase 2, Phase 3
22 Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors Phase 2, Phase 3
23 Free Radical Scavengers Phase 2, Phase 3
24 Antidotes Phase 2, Phase 3
25 Expectorants Phase 2, Phase 3
26 Antiviral Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
27 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 3
28 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Phase 3
29 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Phase 3
30 Analgesics Phase 3
31 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 3
32 Endothelin Receptor Antagonists Phase 3
33 Antihypertensive Agents Phase 3
34 Anesthetics Phase 3
35 Central Nervous System Depressants Phase 3
36 Pharmaceutical Solutions Phase 3
37 Anti-Infective Agents, Local Phase 3
38 Hematinics Phase 3
39 Epoetin alfa Phase 3 113427-24-0
40
Miconazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 22916-47-8 4189
41
Coal tar Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 8007-45-2
42
Dantrolene Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 7261-97-4 2952 6914273
43 Immunologic Factors Phase 2
44 Antifungal Agents Phase 2
45 Dermatologic Agents Phase 2
46 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 2
47 Cyclosporins Phase 2
48 Calcineurin Inhibitors Phase 2
49 Neuromuscular Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
50 Ophthalmic Solutions Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 52)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 External Natural History Controlled, Open-Label Intervention Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Treatment With Raxone® in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Active, not recruiting NCT02774005 Phase 4 Idebenone
2 Treatment of Wolfram Syndrome Type 2 With the Chelator Deferiprone, and Incretin Based Therapy Unknown status NCT02882477 Phase 2, Phase 3 Deferiprone;Acetylcysteine;Sitagliptin and Metformin
3 A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Curcumin in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Completed NCT00528151 Phase 3 curcumin
4 Randomized, Double-Masked, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Single Intravitreal Injection of GS010 in Subjects Affected for More Than 6 Months and To 12 Months by LHON Due to the G11778A Mutation in the ND4 Gene Completed NCT02652780 Phase 3
5 Effect of Bosentan in Patients With Non Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Recruiting NCT02377271 Phase 3 bosentan;placebo
6 Efficacy and Safety of Bilateral Intravitreal Injection of GS010: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Subjects Affected With G11778A ND4 Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy for Up to One Year Active, not recruiting NCT03293524 Phase 3 Placebo
7 A Randomized, Double-Masked, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of a Single Intravitreal Injection of GS010 in Subjects Affected for 6 Months or Less by LHON Due to the G11778A Mutation in the Mitochondrial ND4 Gene Active, not recruiting NCT02652767 Phase 3
8 Erythropoietin in Methanol Associated Optic Neuropathy Active, not recruiting NCT02376881 Phase 3 Erythropoietin
9 Safety and Efficacy Study of Gene Therapy for The Treatment of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Active, not recruiting NCT03153293 Phase 2, Phase 3 rAAV2-ND4
10 Study With Idebenone in Patients With Chronic Vision Loss Due to Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Withdrawn NCT01495715 Phase 3 Idebenone;Placebo
11 Study the Safety and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Autologous Cells for the Treatment of Optic Nerve Disease. It is Self Funded (Patients' Own Funding) Clinical Trial Unknown status NCT01834079 Phase 1, Phase 2
12 Trial of Cyclosporine in the Acute Phase of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Unknown status NCT02176733 Phase 2 cyclosporine
13 A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Idebenone in the Treatment of Patients With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Completed NCT00747487 Phase 2 Idebenone;Placebo
14 Autologous Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Neuroprotective Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT00395200 Phase 1, Phase 2
15 A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial to Test the Efficacy of Epoetin Alfa on Physical Performance of Friedreich Ataxia Patients. Completed NCT01493973 Phase 2 Epoetin alfa;Placebo
16 A Phase 1b Safety Trial of Dantronele Sodium in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Wolfram Syndrome Recruiting NCT02829268 Phase 1, Phase 2 dantrolene sodium
17 The Nutritional Supplement Phosphatidylserine in Patients With Familial Recruiting NCT02276716 Phase 2 Phosphatidylserine
18 An Open Label Dose Escalation Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and the Tolerability of GS010 (rAAV2/2-ND4) in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Due to Mutations in the Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase 4 Gene Active, not recruiting NCT02064569 Phase 1, Phase 2
19 A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Masked, Vehicle Controlled, Phase 2 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Elamipretide (MTP-131) Topical Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Active, not recruiting NCT02693119 Phase 2 elamipretide (MTP-131) 1% topical ophthalmic solution;Vehicle topical ophthalmic solution
20 Near-infrared Light-emitting Diode (NIR-LED) Therapy for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Terminated NCT01389817 Phase 1, Phase 2
21 A Phase I Open-Label, Dose Escalation Trial of QPI-1007 Delivered by a Single Intravitreal Injection to Patients With Optic Nerve Atrophy (Stratum I) and Acute Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) (Stratum II) Completed NCT01064505 Phase 1 QPI-1007 at various doses
22 An Open-label Dose Escalation Study of an Adeno-associated Virus Vector (scAAV2-P1ND4v2) for Gene Therapy of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Caused by the G11778A Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA Recruiting NCT02161380 Phase 1 injection of scAAV2-P1ND4v2 1.18x10e9 vg (Low),;injection of scAAV2-P1ND4v2 5.81 X10e9 vg (Med);injection of scAAV2-P1ND4v2 2.4 X10e10vg (High);injection of scAAV2-P1ND4v2 1.0 X10e11vg (Higher)
23 Cross Sectional Study of Autosomal Dominant Opticus Atrophy Unknown status NCT01522638
24 Expression of Optic Atrophy Type 1 (OPA1) Protein in Lung Adenocarcinoma Unknown status NCT01249053
25 GLP Analogs for Diabetes in Wolfram Syndrome Patients Unknown status NCT01302327 Exenatide
26 Stenting of Venous Sinus Stenosis for Medically Refractory Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Unknown status NCT02143258
27 Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Retinal Disease - A Randomized, Single-blind Pilot Study Completed NCT00804102
28 A Single Visit, Observational, Follow-up Study of Patients With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Following Participation in SNT-II-003 Trial Completed NCT01421381
29 Historical Case Record Survey of Visual Acuity Data From Patients With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Completed NCT02796274
30 Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Historical Case Record Survey Completed NCT01892943
31 Safety and Efficacy Study of a Single Intravitreal Injection of rAAV2-ND4 Treatment of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Completed NCT01267422 rAAV2-ND4
32 Identification of Biomarkers in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia Completed NCT01470729
33 Macular Appearance After Diabetic Vitrectomy for Fibrovascular Proliferation -An Optical Coherence Tomography Study Completed NCT00737022
34 Evaluation of Refractive Status and Ophthalmological Problems of Prematurity Completed NCT01045616
35 Oral Vitamin B12 as Potential Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Completed NCT00288769 daily sublingual tablets Vitamin B12 1000 mcg versus placebo
36 Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study II Recruiting NCT03011541
37 Long-term Follow-up of ND4 LHON Subjects Treated With GS010 Ocular Gene Therapy in the RESCUE or REVERSE Phase III Clinical Trials Recruiting NCT03406104
38 Observational Registry Study of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Affected Patients Recruiting NCT03295071
39 New Non-invasive Modalities for Assessing Retinal Structure and Function:Preliminary Investigation Recruiting NCT03475173
40 A Non-interventional Study of Clinical Experience in Patients Prescribed Raxone® for the Treatment of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) Recruiting NCT02771379 Idebenone
41 The Cohort Study of Early Visual Impairment Mechanism Caused by Change of Fundus Structure in Adults With High Myopia Recruiting NCT03446300
42 Efficacy Study of Gene Therapy for The Treatment of Acute LHON Onset Within Three Months Recruiting NCT03428178 rAAV2-ND4
43 Coordination of Rare Diseases at Sanford Recruiting NCT01793168
44 International Tracking Neurodegeneration in Early Wolfram Syndrome Recruiting NCT03951298
45 Pilot Study for the Development of a Cortical Visual Neuroprosthesis for the Blind Based on Intracortical Microelectrodes Recruiting NCT02983370
46 Wolfram Syndrome International Registry and Clinical Study Recruiting NCT02841553
47 Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cell Lines From Somatic Cells of Participants With Eye Diseases and From Somatic Cells of Matched Controls Recruiting NCT01432847
48 Natural History of ATP1A3-related Disease: a Deep Phenotyping-genotyping Project Active, not recruiting NCT03857607
49 EAP Single Patient: Safety of Bilateral Intravitreal Injection of GS010 in a Single Subject Affected With G11778A ND4 Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Available NCT03672968
50 Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study Enrolling by invitation NCT01920867

Search NIH Clinical Center for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

Cochrane evidence based reviews: optic atrophy

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Genetic Tests for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Genetic tests related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Optic Atrophy 29
2 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type 3 29 OPA3
Sources

Anatomical Context for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

40
Eye, Brain, Pituitary, Testes, Bone, Retina, Heart
Sources

Publications for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

About this section

Articles related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

(show top 50) (show all 4128)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Type III 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (optic atrophy plus syndrome, or Costeff optic atrophy syndrome): identification of the OPA3 gene and its founder mutation in Iraqi Jews. 6 56 24 54 61
11668429 2001
2
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type III in a non-Iraqi-Jewish kindred: clinical and molecular findings. 61 6 56 24
12126933 2002
3
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria in the Iraqi-Jewish 'optic atrophy plus' (Costeff) syndrome. 61 24 56
7510656 1994
4
Iraqi-Jewish kindreds with optic atrophy plus (3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 3) demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with the CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene. 61 54 56
9097959 1997
5
A missense mutation in the murine Opa3 gene models human Costeff syndrome. 54 24 61
18222992 2008
6
OPA3-Related 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria 6 61
20301646 2006
7
OPA3 mutation screening in patients with unexplained 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. 24 54 61
15902555 2005
8
Behr's syndrome and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. 61 56
1384336 1992
9
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria: a marker for as yet unspecified disorders and the relevance of prenatal diagnosis in a 'new' type ('type 4'). 61 56
1382150 1992
10
A familial syndrome of infantile optic atrophy, movement disorder, and spastic paraplegia. 56 61
2494568 1989
11
Costeff optic atrophy syndrome: new clinical case and novel molecular findings. 24 61
18985435 2008
12
OPA3 gene mutations responsible for autosomal dominant optic atrophy and cataract. 24 61
15342707 2004
13
Musculoskeletal deformities in Behr syndrome. 24 61
11433166 2001
14
3-Methyl glutaconic aciduria in Iraqi Jewish children may be misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy. 61 24
9553953 1998
15
Ineffectiveness of oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 3. 24 61
9533558 1998
16
Behr syndrome. 56
7538304 1995
17
Inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature: proper classification and nomenclature. 24
23296368 2013
18
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria--lessons from 50 genes and 977 patients. 24
23355087 2013
19
OPA3, mutated in 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III, encodes two transcripts targeted primarily to mitochondria. 61 54
20350831 2010
20
Phenotypic spectrum of MFN2 mutations in the Spanish population. 61 54
19889647 2010
21
OPA1-associated disorders: phenotypes and pathophysiology. 61 54
19389487 2009
22
OPA1-related dominant optic atrophy is not strongly influenced by mitochondrial DNA background. 61 54
19619285 2009
23
Acute and late-onset optic atrophy due to a novel OPA1 mutation leading to a mitochondrial coupling defect. 61 54
19325939 2009
24
Mutated mitofusin 2 presents with intrafamilial variability and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. 54 61
18946002 2008
25
Sporadic bilateral optic neuropathy in children: the role of mitochondrial abnormalities. 54 61
18676632 2008
26
Two Spanish families with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A: clinical, electrophysiological and molecular findings. 61 54
18996695 2008
27
A novel deletion in the GTPase domain of OPA1 causes defects in mitochondrial morphology and distribution, but not in function. 54 61
18678599 2008
28
Association study of the effect of WFS1 polymorphisms on risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese population. 61 54
19258739 2008
29
Autoimmune disease in a DFNA6/14/38 family carrying a novel missense mutation in WFS1. 61 54
18688868 2008
30
Autosomal dominant transmission of diabetes and congenital hearing impairment secondary to a missense mutation in the WFS1 gene. 61 54
18544103 2008
31
Testing of diabetes-associated WFS1 polymorphisms in the Diabetes Prevention Program. 54 61
18060660 2008
32
OPA1 mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability and optic atrophy 'plus' phenotypes. 54 61
18158317 2008
33
Sodium-potassium ATPase 1 subunit is a molecular partner of Wolframin, an endoplasmic reticulum protein involved in ER stress. 61 54
17947299 2008
34
The molecular mechanisms of OPA1-mediated optic atrophy in Drosophila model and prospects for antioxidant treatment. 54 61
18193945 2008
35
A homozygous mutation in a novel zinc-finger protein, ERIS, is responsible for Wolfram syndrome 2. 54 61
17846994 2007
36
Identification of novel mutations in WFS1 and genotype-phenotype correlation in Wolfram syndrome. 54 61
17568405 2007
37
[A novel mutation of the OPA1 gene responsible for isolated autosomal dominant optic atrophy in two brothers]. 54 61
17318099 2007
38
WFS1 protein modulates the free Ca(2+) concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum. 61 54
16989814 2006
39
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy associated with hearing impairment and impaired glucose regulation caused by a missense mutation in the WFS1 gene. 54 61
16648378 2006
40
Mutation of DNAJC19, a human homologue of yeast inner mitochondrial membrane co-chaperones, causes DCMA syndrome, a novel autosomal recessive Barth syndrome-like condition. 24
16055927 2006
41
Novel OPA1 mutations identified in Japanese pedigrees with optic atrophy. 54 61
16735988 2006
42
Mitochondrial dynamics and disease, OPA1. 61 54
16737747 2006
43
Novel mutations in the OPA1 gene and associated clinical features in Japanese patients with optic atrophy. 54 61
16513463 2006
44
3-methylglutaconic aciduria disorders: the clinical spectrum increases. 24
16462574 2006
45
Myeloid dysplasia in familial 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. 24
16462576 2006
46
Axonal neuropathy with optic atrophy is caused by mutations in mitofusin 2. 54 61
16437557 2006
47
[An OPA3 gene mutation is responsible for the disease associating optic atrophy and cataract with extrapyramidal signs]. 54 61
15924081 2005
48
OPA1, associated with autosomal dominant optic atrophy, is widely expressed in the human brain. 61 54
15700187 2005
49
3-Methylglutaconic aciduria: a common biochemical marker in various syndromes with diverse clinical features. 24
15719488 2005
50
Dominant optic atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, ptosis, and ophthalmoplegia: a syndrome caused by a missense mutation in OPA1. 54 61
15531309 2004
Sources

Variations for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii:

6 (show top 50) (show all 204) ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24456G>CSNV Pathogenic 4239 rs80356523 19:46057170-46057170 19:45553912-45553912
2 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24285C>GSNV Pathogenic 4241 rs80356525 19:46056999-46056999 19:45553741-45553741
3 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24276_143-24259deldeletion Pathogenic 4242 rs80356526 19:46056975-46056992 19:45553717-45553734
4 PMPCA NM_015160.3(PMPCA):c.1066G>A (p.Gly356Ser)SNV Pathogenic 221553 rs768643552 9:139313082-139313082 9:136418630-136418630
5 PMPCA NM_015160.3(PMPCA):c.1129G>A (p.Ala377Thr)SNV Pathogenic 221552 rs753611141 9:139313299-139313299 9:136418847-136418847
6 ACP6 , BCL9 , CHD1L , FMO5 , GJA5 , GJA8 , GPR89B , PRKAB2 GRCh37/hg19 1q21.1-21.2(chr1:146618988-147824207)copy number gain Pathogenic 523244 1:146618988-147824207
7 AFG3L2 NM_006796.2(AFG3L2):c.1402C>T (p.Arg468Cys)SNV Pathogenic 565275 18:12351329-12351329 18:12351330-12351330
8 MECR NM_016011.5(MECR):c.855T>G (p.Tyr285Ter)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 374879 rs1057519286 1:29522746-29522746 1:29196234-29196234
9 MECR NM_016011.5(MECR):c.854A>G (p.Tyr285Cys)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 374881 rs759218713 1:29522747-29522747 1:29196235-29196235
10 MECR NM_016011.4(MECR):c.772C>T (p.Arg258Trp)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 374882 rs145192716 1:29527086-29527086 1:29200574-29200574
11 MECR NM_016011.5(MECR):c.247_250del (p.Asn83fs)deletion Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 374883 rs1057519287 1:29543124-29543127 1:29216612-29216615
12 MECR NM_016011.4(MECR):c.830+2dupduplication Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 449055 rs756421370 1:29527026-29527026 1:29200514-29200514
13 ISCA2 NM_194279.4(ISCA2):c.229G>A (p.Gly77Ser)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 183353 rs730882246 14:74961032-74961032 14:74494329-74494329
14 PIGQ NM_004204.4(PIGQ):c.619C>T (p.Arg207Ter)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 183339 rs730882240 16:624693-624693 16:574693-574693
15 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24183C>TSNV Likely pathogenic 21710 rs28937899 19:46056897-46056897 19:45553639-45553639
16 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24059A>GSNV Likely pathogenic 370448 rs1057516497 19:46056773-46056773 19:45553515-45553515
17 OAT NM_000274.3(OAT):c.875A>G (p.Lys292Arg)SNV Likely pathogenic 374146 rs1057518927 10:126091521-126091521 10:124402952-124402952
18 MECR NM_016011.5(MECR):c.695G>A (p.Gly232Glu)SNV Likely pathogenic 374878 rs762913101 1:29528516-29528516 1:29202004-29202004
19 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24384A>GSNV Likely pathogenic 522732 rs1382779104 19:46057098-46057098 19:45553840-45553840
20 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.142+1G>ASNV Likely pathogenic 552448 rs1555736793 19:46087880-46087880 19:45584622-45584622
21 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-24381dupduplication Likely pathogenic 554806 rs1555732963 19:46057094-46057094 19:45553837-45553837
22 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.100dup (p.Ser34fs)duplication Likely pathogenic 557484 rs1555736803 19:46087922-46087922 19:45584665-45584665
23 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.61A>T (p.Lys21Ter)SNV Likely pathogenic 555674 rs1555736814 19:46087962-46087962 19:45584704-45584704
24 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19362ATAA[8]short repeat Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity 329598 rs58537694 19:46052049-46052052 19:45548791-45548794
25 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19346deldeletion Uncertain significance 329601 rs886054518 19:46052060-46052060 19:45548802-45548802
26 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-22259A>GSNV Uncertain significance 329651 rs886054530 19:46054973-46054973 19:45551715-45551715
27 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19473C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329604 rs886054520 19:46052187-46052187 19:45548929-45548929
28 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-20043dupduplication Uncertain significance 329611 rs879119658 19:46052746-46052746 19:45549488-45549488
29 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-17370G>ASNV Uncertain significance 329559 rs181576269 19:46050084-46050084 19:45546826-45546826
30 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-17488G>CSNV Uncertain significance 329561 rs773109015 19:46050202-46050202 19:45546944-45546944
31 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-17986A>GSNV Uncertain significance 329573 rs576104602 19:46050700-46050700 19:45547442-45547442
32 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-18185C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329578 rs886054509 19:46050899-46050899 19:45547641-45547641
33 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-18284G>TSNV Uncertain significance 329580 rs886054510 19:46050998-46050998 19:45547740-45547740
34 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-18461C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329583 rs560019290 19:46051175-46051175 19:45547917-45547917
35 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-18701G>ASNV Uncertain significance 329587 rs549141863 19:46051415-46051415 19:45548157-45548157
36 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19139_143-19137deldeletion Uncertain significance 329592 rs886054514 19:46051851-46051853 19:45548593-45548595
37 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-20167C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329614 rs752997579 19:46052881-46052881 19:45549623-45549623
38 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-20698G>ASNV Uncertain significance 329625 rs545764728 19:46053412-46053412 19:45550154-45550154
39 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-20780C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329627 rs770317628 19:46053494-46053494 19:45550236-45550236
40 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-21344C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329634 rs781539538 19:46054058-46054058 19:45550800-45550800
41 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-21356G>TSNV Uncertain significance 329635 rs886054526 19:46054070-46054070 19:45550812-45550812
42 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-22967C>GSNV Uncertain significance 329662 rs557691359 19:46055681-46055681 19:45552423-45552423
43 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-23136G>TSNV Uncertain significance 329666 rs886054535 19:46055850-46055850 19:45552592-45552592
44 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-21969T>CSNV Uncertain significance 329645 rs886054529 19:46054683-46054683 19:45551425-45551425
45 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-22195T>GSNV Uncertain significance 329648 rs769185702 19:46054909-46054909 19:45551651-45551651
46 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-17769A>GSNV Uncertain significance 329567 rs182293743 19:46050483-46050483 19:45547225-45547225
47 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-17780G>ASNV Uncertain significance 329568 rs886054507 19:46050494-46050494 19:45547236-45547236
48 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19594G>TSNV Uncertain significance 329606 rs886054522 19:46052308-46052308 19:45549050-45549050
49 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-19619C>TSNV Uncertain significance 329607 rs538388889 19:46052333-46052333 19:45549075-45549075
50 OPA3 NM_001017989.3(OPA3):c.143-20032deldeletion Uncertain significance 329612 rs879119658 19:46052746-46052746 19:45549488-45549488

Copy number variations for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii from CNVD:

7
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 173060 3 189400000 193800000 Deletion OPA1 Optic atrophy
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Expression for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii.
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Pathways for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Pathways related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Glucose / Energy Metabolism 4
11.41 WFS1 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1
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GO Terms for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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Cellular components related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mitochondrial matrix GO:0005759 9.62 PMPCA MECR ISCA2 BTD
2 mitochondrial outer membrane GO:0005741 9.56 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1 DNM1L
3 mitochondrial membrane GO:0031966 9.54 OPA1 MT-ND4 DNM1L
4 mitochondrion GO:0005739 9.44 TMEM126A PMPCA OPA3 OPA1 MT-ND4 MICOS13
5 mitochondrial inner membrane GO:0005743 9.43 TMEM126A PMPCA OPA1 MT-ND4 MICOS13 AFG3L2
6 intrinsic component of mitochondrial outer membrane GO:0031306 9.16 MFN2 MFN1

Biological processes related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mitochondrion organization GO:0007005 9.54 OPA1 DNM1L AFG3L2
2 cristae formation GO:0042407 9.51 MICOS13 AFG3L2
3 positive regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis GO:0061003 9.49 OPA1 DNM1L
4 mitochondrial calcium ion transmembrane transport GO:0006851 9.48 PMPCA AFG3L2
5 negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway GO:1902236 9.46 WFS1 OPA1
6 mitochondrial fission GO:0000266 9.43 OPA1 DNM1L
7 GTP metabolic process GO:0046039 9.4 OPA1 MFN1
8 calcium import into the mitochondrion GO:0036444 9.32 OPA1 AFG3L2
9 mitochondrion localization GO:0051646 9.26 MFN2 MFN1
10 intracellular distribution of mitochondria GO:0048312 9.16 OPA1 DNM1L
11 mitochondrion morphogenesis GO:0070584 9.13 OPA3 OPA1 DNM1L
12 mitochondrial fusion GO:0008053 8.92 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1 AFG3L2

Molecular functions related to 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 GTP binding GO:0005525 9.26 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1 DNM1L
2 GTPase activity GO:0003924 8.92 OPA1 MFN2 MFN1 DNM1L
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Sources for 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria, Type Iii

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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