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EA2
MCID: EPS035
MIFTS: 63

Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 (EA2)

Categories: Ear diseases, Eye diseases, Genetic diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

Name: Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 56 13 54
Episodic Ataxia Type 2 12 24 52 58 29 6 15 71
Apca 56 52 73
Capa 56 52 73
Ea2 56 52 73
Acetazolamide-Responsive Hereditary Paroxysmal Cerebellar Ataxia 56 73
Cerebellar Ataxia, Paroxysmal, Acetazolamide-Responsive 56 52
Cerebellopathy, Hereditary Paroxysmal 56 52
Episodic Ataxia with Nystagmus 52 73
Acetazolamide-Responsive Hereditary Paroxysmal Cerebellar Ataxia; Apca 56
Acetazolamide-Responsive, Hereditary, Paroxysmal, Cerebellar Ataxia 52
Cerebellar Ataxia, Paroxysmal, Acetazolamide-Responsive; Capa 56
Acetazolamide-Responsive Episodic Ataxia Syndrome 52
Episodic Ataxia, Nystagmus-Associated 56
Nystagmus-Associated Episodic Ataxia 52
Episodic Ataxia Nystagmus-Associated 73
Hereditary Paroxysmal Cerebellopathy 73
Ataxia, Episodic, with Nystagmus 56
Ataxia, Familial, Paroxysmal 52
Ataxia, Familial Paroxysmal 56
Familial Paroxysmal Ataxia 58
Ataxia, Episodic, Type 2 39
Episodic Ataxia 2 73
Ea-2 73

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
familial paroxysmal ataxia
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant; Age of onset: Childhood; Age of death: normal life expectancy;

OMIM:

56
Miscellaneous:
incomplete penetrance
most common episodic ataxia syndrome
onset usually in childhood or adolescence
onset may occur in adulthood
progressive ataxia
episodes last from several hours to days
frequency of episodes ranges from several per week to several per year
symptoms precipitated by sudden movement, stress, exertion, exercise, fatigue, caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes
favorable response of episodic attacks to acetazolamide
phenotypic overlap with fhm1 and sca6

Inheritance:
autosomal dominant


HPO:

31
episodic ataxia, type 2:
Inheritance autosomal dominant inheritance
Onset and clinical course incomplete penetrance


GeneReviews:

24
Penetrance Penetrance is estimated at 80%-90% [jen et al 1999, spacey et al 2005].

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Eye diseases Ear diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare neurological diseases


Sources

Summaries for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

About this section
NIH Rare Diseases : 52 The following summary is from Orphanet , a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Orpha Number: 97 Definition Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is the most frequent form of Hereditary episodic ataxia (EA; see this term) characterized by paroxysmal episodes of ataxia lasting hours, with interictal nystagmus and mildly progressive ataxia. Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

MalaCards based summary : Episodic Ataxia, Type 2, also known as episodic ataxia type 2, is related to familial hemiplegic migraine and familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine, and has symptoms including ataxia, vertigo and tinnitus. An important gene associated with Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 is CACNA1A (Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Sweet Taste Signaling and G-Beta Gamma Signaling. The drugs Epinephrine and Morphine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, eye and brain, and related phenotypes are ataxia and nystagmus

Disease Ontology : 12 An episodic ataxia that is characterized by periodic ataxia and nystagmus, and has material basis in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutation in the calcium channel gene CACNA1A.

OMIM : 56 Episodic ataxia is a genetically heterogeneous neurologic condition characterized by spells of incoordination and imbalance, often associated with progressive ataxia. Episodic ataxia type 2 is the most common form of EA (Jen et al., 2007). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of episodic ataxia, see EA1 (160120). (108500)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 73 Episodic ataxia 2: An autosomal dominant disorder characterized by acetozolamide- responsive attacks of ataxia, migraine-like symptoms, interictal nystagmus, and cerebellar atrophy.

GeneReviews: NBK1501
Sources

Related Diseases for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

About this section

Diseases in the Episodic Ataxia family:

Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 Episodic Ataxia, Type 1
Episodic Ataxia, Type 4 Episodic Ataxia, Type 3
Episodic Ataxia, Type 7 Episodic Ataxia, Type 6
Episodic Ataxia, Type 5 Episodic Ataxia, Type 8
Hereditary Episodic Ataxia

Diseases related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 104)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 familial hemiplegic migraine 31.8 SCN1A KCNA1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A ATP1A2
2 familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine 30.3 SCN1A CACNA1A ATP1A2
3 hemiplegia 30.2 SCN1A PNKD CACNA1A ATP1A2
4 headache 29.7 SCN1A CACNB4 CACNA1S CACNA1A ATP1A2
5 autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia 29.6 SPTBN2 LOC108663985 KCNC3 ITPR1 CACNA1A ATXN7
6 epilepsy 29.6 SCN1A KCNMA1 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA1A ATP1A2
7 migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1 29.4 SCN1A KCNA1 CAV2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
8 migraine with or without aura 1 29.4 SCN1A PNKD KCNA1 CAV2 CACNB4 CACNA1S
9 migraine with aura 29.3 SCN1A KCNA1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A ATP1A2
10 spinocerebellar ataxia 6 29.2 SCN1A KCNA1 CAV2 CACNB4 CACNA1S CACNA1B
11 cerebellar disease 29.1 SPTBN2 KCNC3 ITPR1 CACNA1A ATXN7
12 spinocerebellar ataxia 2 29.1 KCNN3 ITPR1 CACNA1A ATXN7
13 episodic ataxia 27.3 SPTBN2 SCN1A RNF138 PSMC4 PNKD LOC108663985
14 ataxia and polyneuropathy, adult-onset 10.9
15 pathologic nystagmus 10.6
16 thrombophilia due to thrombin defect 10.5
17 hereditary episodic ataxia 10.4 KCNA1 CACNA1A
18 chagas disease 10.4
19 episodic ataxia, type 7 10.4 KCNA1 CACNA1A
20 hemidystonia 10.3 PNKD CACNA1A
21 paroxysmal dyskinesia 10.3 PNKD KCNMA1
22 multifocal dystonia 10.3 PNKD CACNA1A
23 sporadic hemiplegic migraine 10.3 SCN1A CACNA1A ATP1A2
24 conduct disorder 10.3
25 substance abuse 10.3
26 adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome 10.2 SCN1A CACNB4 CACNA1A
27 childhood electroclinical syndrome 10.2 SCN1A CACNB4 CACNA1A
28 reflex epilepsy 10.2 SCN1A PNKD
29 migraine, familial hemiplegic, 2 10.2 SCN1A CACNA1A ATP1A2
30 episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia 1 10.2 PNKD KCNA1 CACNB4
31 dystonia 10.2
32 neonatal period electroclinical syndrome 10.2 SCN1A KCNA1 CACNA1A
33 hypokalemic periodic paralysis, type 1 10.2 KCNMA1 CACNA1S CACNA1A
34 congenital myasthenic syndrome 10.2
35 paroxysmal extreme pain disorder 10.2 SCN1A CACNA1B CACNA1A
36 brill-zinsser disease 10.2 SPTBN2 CAV2
37 pernicious anemia 10.2
38 stroke, ischemic 10.2
39 vitamin b12 deficiency 10.2
40 cervix carcinoma 10.2
41 gastritis 10.2
42 atrophic gastritis 10.2
43 autoimmune atrophic gastritis 10.2
44 infancy electroclinical syndrome 10.1 SCN1A PNKD ATP1A2
45 myotonia 10.1
46 paresthesia 10.1
47 episodic ataxia, type 5 10.1 SCN1A CACNB4 CACNA1A ATP1A2
48 epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe, 1 10.1 SCN1A KCNA1
49 electroclinical syndrome 10.1 SCN1A KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA1A
50 otitis media 10.1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:



Diseases related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Human phenotypes related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

58 31 (show all 23)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 ataxia 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001251
2 nystagmus 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000639
3 vertigo 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002321
4 nausea and vomiting 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002017
5 dysarthria 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001260
6 migraine 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002076
7 diplopia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000651
8 tinnitus 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000360
9 hemiplegia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002301
10 intellectual disability 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001249
11 behavioral abnormality 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000708
12 torticollis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000473
13 cerebellar vermis atrophy 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0006855
14 dystonia 58 31 Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001332
15 muscle weakness 31 HP:0001324
16 myotonia 31 HP:0002486
17 paresthesia 31 HP:0003401
18 vestibular dysfunction 31 HP:0001751
19 episodic ataxia 31 HP:0002131
20 progressive cerebellar ataxia 31 HP:0002073
21 saccadic smooth pursuit 31 HP:0001152
22 gaze-evoked nystagmus 31 HP:0000640
23 downbeat nystagmus 31 HP:0010545

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

56
Neurologic Central Nervous System:
myotonia
vertigo
dysarthria
weakness
interictal downbeat nystagmus
more
Head And Neck Eyes:
saccadic smooth pursuit
gaze-evoked nystagmus
ictal and interictal diplopia
suppression of vestibuloocular reflex
interictal downbeat nystagmus
more
Head And Neck Ears:
tinnitus

Clinical features from OMIM:

108500

UMLS symptoms related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:


ataxia, vertigo, tinnitus, weakness

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.31 ATP1A2 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA1B CACNA1S CACNA2D2
2 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.24 ATP1A2 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA1B CACNA1S CACNA2D2
3 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.17 ATP1A2 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA1B CACNA1S CACNA2D2
4 nervous system MP:0003631 10.06 ATP1A2 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA1B CACNA1S CACNA2D2
5 muscle MP:0005369 10 ATP1A2 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA1S CACNA2D2 CACNB4
6 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.61 ATXN7 CACNA1A CACNA2D2 CACNB4 ITPR1 KCNMA1
7 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.17 ATP1A2 CACNA1A CACNA1S CACNA2D2 CAV2 KCNN3
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Drugs for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 45)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Epinephrine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 51-43-4 5816
2
Morphine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 57-27-2 5288826
3
Ropivacaine Approved Phase 3 84057-95-4 71273 175805
4
Racepinephrine Approved Phase 3 329-65-7 838
5 Anti-Retroviral Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
6 Adrenergic beta-Agonists Phase 3
7 Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Phase 3
8 Respiratory System Agents Phase 3
9 Anesthetics Phase 3
10 Narcotics Phase 3
11 Adrenergic Agents Phase 3
12 Analgesics Phase 3
13 Epinephryl borate Phase 3
14 Vasoconstrictor Agents Phase 3
15 Anti-Asthmatic Agents Phase 3
16 Adrenergic Agonists Phase 3
17 Analgesics, Opioid Phase 3
18 Sympathomimetics Phase 3
19 Mydriatics Phase 3
20 Bronchodilator Agents Phase 3
21 Anesthetics, Local Phase 3
22 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 3
23
4-Aminopyridine Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 504-24-5 1727
24 Potassium Channel Blockers Phase 1, Phase 2
25
Sage Approved
26
Bupivacaine Approved, Investigational Early Phase 1 2180-92-9, 38396-39-3 2474
27
Menotropins Approved 61489-71-2, 9002-68-0 5360545
28
Pegaspargase Approved, Investigational 130167-69-0
29
Hydroxychloroquine Approved 118-42-3 3652
30
Altretamine Approved 645-05-6 2123
31
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 50-28-2 5757
32
tannic acid Approved 1401-55-4
33
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved 28014-46-2
34
Benzocaine Approved, Investigational 94-09-7, 1994-09-7 2337
35 Pharmaceutical Solutions
36
Apatinib 811803-05-1
37 Insulin, Globin Zinc
38 Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
39 Mitogens
40 Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type
41 Follicle Stimulating Hormone
42 Estradiol 3-benzoate
43 insulin
44 Estrogens
45 Hormones

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 24)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Phase 3 Trial of Palliative Care for HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Completed NCT01608802 Phase 2, Phase 3
2 Procalcitonin and the Inflammatory Response to Salt in Essential Hypertension: a Randomised Cross-over Clinical Trial. Completed NCT01665534 Phase 3
3 Efficacy of Peri-Incisional Multimodal Drug Injection in Reducing Post-Operative Pain Following Lumbar Spine Surgery Recruiting NCT03513445 Phase 3 Morphine;Epinephrine;naropin
4 Phase 2 Study of 4-Aminopyridine for the Treatment of Episodic Ataxia Type 2 Unknown status NCT01543750 Phase 2 4-Aminopyridine;Placebo
5 A Single Dose Pharmaco-Diagnostic for Peripheral Nerve Continuity After Trauma Not yet recruiting NCT04026568 Phase 1, Phase 2 4-Aminopyridine;Placebo oral tablet
6 Research Study to Evaluate Capacitation Culture (CAPA) Followed by in Vitro Maturation (IVM) of Human Oocytes: A Randomized Pilot Study Completed NCT03921710 CAPA-IVM;Standard-IVM
7 Effect of the CAPA Culture Step on Meiotic and Developmental Competence of Human Oocytes After Using Two (Previously Used) Meiotic Maturation Triggers in a SIBLING Oocyte Study Design Completed NCT03915054 AREG-IVM medium;STD medium
8 Postoperative Pain Management With a Continuous Femoral Nerve Block in Patients With a Tibial Plateau Fracture Completed NCT02168959 Early Phase 1 bupivacaine
9 Prospective Study for Diagnosis Utility of Array-CGH Screening in Case of Non Syndromic Congenital Heart Defect in Prenatal Diagnosis (CAPA) Completed NCT02333097
10 CAPA-VU Trial Catheter Ablation in Paroxymal Atrial Fibrillation Based on UNIVU Completed NCT03198858
11 Specific Cognitive Remediation for Schizophrenia (RECOS) and Sheltered Employment: a Multicentre Controlled Randomized Trial. Completed NCT01891929
12 The Effectiveness and Safety of in Vitro Maturation of Oocytes Versus in Vitro Fertilization in Women With High Antral Follicle Count (AFC): a Randomised Controlled Trial Completed NCT03405701
13 Outcomes of Fresh Transfer Versus Freeze-only After CAPA IVM on PCOS Patients Recruiting NCT04297553
14 Follow-up of Children Born From CAPA-IVM IVF or Natural Conception: a Prospective Cohort Study Recruiting NCT04048486
15 Camrelizumab, Pegaspargase and Apatinib With Radiation Therapy for Stage IE/IIE Natural Killer /T-cell Lymphoma Recruiting NCT04366128 CAPA indution immunotherapy
16 A Novel mHealth Approach to Assess and Manage Palliative Care Needs for Cancer Patients in Kigali Recruiting NCT03367637
17 An Innovative Model of Pediatric Acute Mental Health and Addictions Care to Increase Value to Children,Youth, and the Healthcare System Recruiting NCT04292379
18 A Clinical Study of Electroacupuncture for Abdominal Pain Relief in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis Recruiting NCT03173222
19 m-Palliative Care Link: Improving Symptom Control and Information Exchange Among Specialists and Local Health Workers Treating Late Stage Tanzanian Cancer Patients Recruiting NCT03634696
20 Neural Mechanism of the Effect of Acupuncture on Myocardial Ischemia Recruiting NCT00932139
21 Description of Pneumococcal Community-acquired Pneumonia in General Practice in France Recruiting NCT03322670
22 Hydroxychloroquine Exposure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Recruiting NCT03802188
23 Trial Investigating the Developmental Potential of Embryos Obtained After Biphasic in Vitro Oocyte Maturation (IVM) of Oocytes Including a Pre Maturation Culture Step ('Capacitation Step') Compared With Standard IVM. Not yet recruiting NCT04285892
24 The Efficiency of Home Based Dual Task Training in Parkinson Disease Not yet recruiting NCT03939559

Search NIH Clinical Center for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

Sources

Genetic Tests for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Genetic tests related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Episodic Ataxia Type 2 29 CACNA1A
Sources

Anatomical Context for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

40
Heart, Eye, Brain, T Cells, Cortex, Cerebellum, Testes
Sources

Publications for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

About this section

Articles related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

(show top 50) (show all 281)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) due to CAG repeat expansion in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p. 6 56 61 54 24
9302278 1997
2
Familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type-2 are caused by mutations in the Ca2+ channel gene CACNL1A4. 6 56 24 61
8898206 1996
3
Large CACNA1A deletion in a family with episodic ataxia type 2. 6 54 61 56
18541804 2008
4
Identification of CACNA1A large deletions in four patients with episodic ataxia. 24 61 54 56
19633872 2010
5
Late-onset episodic ataxia type 2 due to an in-frame insertion in CACNA1A. 24 61 54 56
16186543 2005
6
Two novel CACNA1A gene mutations associated with episodic ataxia type 2 and interictal dystonia. 24 54 61 56
15710862 2005
7
Detection of a novel missense mutation and second recurrent mutation in the CACNA1A gene in individuals with EA-2 and FHM. 61 54 24 6
10987655 1999
8
A randomized trial of 4-aminopyridine in EA2 and related familial episodic ataxias. 61 24 56
21734179 2011
9
Large scale calcium channel gene rearrangements in episodic ataxia and hemiplegic migraine: implications for diagnostic testing. 61 6 24
19586927 2009
10
Clinical spectrum of episodic ataxia type 2. 24 56 61
14718690 2004
11
Novel CACNA1A mutation causes febrile episodic ataxia with interictal cerebellar deficits. 61 24 56
14681882 2003
12
Loss-of-function EA2 mutations are associated with impaired neuromuscular transmission. 61 24 6
11723274 2001
13
A novel nonsense mutation in CACNA1A causes episodic ataxia and hemiplegia. 6 24 61
10408533 1999
14
De novo mutation in CACNA1A caused acetazolamide-responsive episodic ataxia. 24 6 61
9600739 1998
15
EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of ataxias and spastic paraplegias. 6 24
20050888 2010
16
Identification of two novel mutations in the CACNA1A gene responsible for episodic ataxia type 2. 6 61 54
11370629 2001
17
Complete loss of P/Q calcium channel activity caused by a CACNA1A missense mutation carried by patients with episodic ataxia type 2. 6 61 54
11179022 2001
18
Progressive ataxia due to a missense mutation in a calcium-channel gene. 6 24
9345107 1997
19
Mapping the gene for acetazolamide responsive hereditary paryoxysmal cerebellar ataxia to chromosome 19p. 56 24
7757080 1995
20
Familial periodic cerebellar ataxia: a problem of cerebellar intracellular pH homeostasis. 24 56
1575453 1992
21
Acetazolamide-responsive vestibulocerebellar syndrome: clinical and oculographic features. 24 56
2006014 1991
22
Magnetic resonance imaging in familial paroxysmal ataxia. 24 56
3358708 1988
23
Autosomal dominant episodic ataxia: a heterogeneous syndrome. 56 24
3504247 1986
24
Biallelic CACNA1A mutations cause early onset epileptic encephalopathy with progressive cerebral, cerebellar, and optic nerve atrophy. 56 61
27250579 2016
25
Genetic and functional characterisation of the P/Q calcium channel in episodic ataxia with epilepsy. 61 24 54
20156848 2010
26
Identification of novel and recurrent CACNA1A gene mutations in fifteen patients with episodic ataxia type 2. 24 54 61
20129625 2010
27
Decreased cerebellar total creatine in episodic ataxia type 2: a 1H MRS study. 61 54 24
15699392 2005
28
Treatment of episodic ataxia type 2 with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. 56 61
15136697 2004
29
Novel splice site CACNA1A mutation causing episodic ataxia type 2. 54 24 61
14530926 2004
30
Phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 and familial hemiplegic migraine caused by a unique CACNA1A missense mutation in patients from a large family. 54 61 24
12707077 2003
31
Episodic Ataxia Type 2 61 6
20301674 2003
32
Episodic ataxia type 2. Three novel truncating mutations and one novel missense mutation in the CACNA1A gene. 61 54 24
12420090 2002
33
Missense CACNA1A mutation causing episodic ataxia type 2. 61 24 54
11176968 2001
34
High prevalence of CACNA1A truncations and broader clinical spectrum in episodic ataxia type 2. 54 24 61
10371528 1999
35
Recurrence of the T666M calcium channel CACNA1A gene mutation in familial hemiplegic migraine with progressive cerebellar ataxia. 61 54 24
9915947 1999
36
Episodic ataxia type 1 and 2 (familial periodic ataxia/vertigo). 56 61
9390841 1997
37
Episodic ataxia type 2: phenotype characteristics of a novel CACNA1A mutation and review of the literature. 61 24
24658662 2014
38
Consensus paper: management of degenerative cerebellar disorders. 24 61
24222635 2014
39
CaV2.1 channelopathies. 61 24
20204399 2010
40
Systematic analysis of three FHM genes in 39 sporadic patients with hemiplegic migraine. 6
18056581 2007
41
Primary episodic ataxias: diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. 56
17575281 2007
42
CACNA1A mutation in a EA-2 patient responsive to acetazolamide and valproic acid. 24 61
16583725 2006
43
New calcium channel mutations predict aberrant RNA splicing in episodic ataxia. 61 24
16043807 2005
44
CACNA1A mutations causing episodic and progressive ataxia alter channel trafficking and kinetics. 6
15985579 2005
45
Nonconsensus intronic mutations cause episodic ataxia. 61 24
15622542 2005
46
Functional implications of a novel EA2 mutation in the P/Q-type calcium channel. 24 61
15293273 2004
47
A novel insertion mutation of acetazolamide-responsive episodic ataxia in a Japanese family. 61 24
12736095 2003
48
Hereditary Ataxia Overview 6
20301317 1998
49
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Frequency of the mutation and genotype-phenotype correlations. 61 24
9371902 1997
50
Calcium channels in neurological disease. 24 61
9307247 1997
Sources

Variations for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

6 (show top 50) (show all 559) ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.3414del (p.Lys1139fs)deletion Pathogenic 434556 rs746790849 19:13397459-13397459 19:13286645-13286645
2 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1482_1483del (p.Ser495fs)deletion Pathogenic 434558 rs1555762869 19:13428001-13428002 19:13317187-13317188
3 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4429C>T (p.Gln1477Ter)SNV Pathogenic 476259 rs1555743942 19:13368328-13368328 19:13257514-13257514
4 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.2042del (p.Gln681fs)deletion Pathogenic 476239 rs1555757523 19:13414646-13414646 19:13303832-13303832
5 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.2907_2932del (p.Pro970fs)deletion Pathogenic 476244 rs1555755909 19:13409518-13409543 19:13298704-13298729
6 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1704G>A (p.Trp568Ter)SNV Pathogenic 476236 rs1555759066 19:13419310-13419310 19:13308496-13308496
7 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.1442del (p.Arg481fs)deletion Pathogenic 476235 rs1555762908 19:13428042-13428042 19:13317228-13317228
8 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.5547-1241_5547-1240deldeletion Pathogenic 560724 rs1568440440 19:13339581-13339582 19:13228767-13228768
9 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4294C>T (p.Arg1432Ter)SNV Pathogenic 565995 rs1568470104 19:13370475-13370475 19:13259661-13259661
10 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.6205C>T (p.Arg2069Ter)SNV Pathogenic 583270 rs779221807 19:13323018-13323018 19:13212204-13212204
11 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(?_13359586)_(13359819_?)deldeletion Pathogenic 583770 19:13470400-13470633 19:13359586-13359819
12 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4036C>T (p.Arg1346Ter)SNV Pathogenic 585570 rs1568473233 19:13373604-13373604 19:13262790-13262790
13 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.3855C>G (p.Tyr1285Ter)SNV Pathogenic 617754 rs774224202 19:13387922-13387922 19:13277108-13277108
14 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(?_13298534)_(13300666_?)deldeletion Pathogenic 832102 19:13409348-13411480
15 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(?_13300530)_(13300676_?)deldeletion Pathogenic 832219 19:13411344-13411490
16 CACNA1A NM_001127222.2(CACNA1A):c.4043G>A (p.Arg1348Gln)SNV Pathogenic 380972 rs1057520918 19:13373594-13373594 19:13262780-13262780
17 CACNA1A GRCh38/hg38 19p13.13(chr19:13408530-13493692)x1copy number loss Pathogenic 187830 19:13519344-13604506 19:13408530-13493692
18 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.2877del (p.Arg960fs)deletion Pathogenic 187828 rs786200962 19:13409582-13409582 19:13298768-13298768
19 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.5035C>T (p.Arg1679Cys)SNV Pathogenic 68434 rs121908243 19:13346463-13346463 19:13235649-13235649
20 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1502C>T (p.Thr501Met)SNV Pathogenic 68421 rs121908240 19:13427982-13427982 19:13317168-13317168
21 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13206442_13207898)_(13214608_13224666)deldeletion Pathogenic 8520 19:13317256-13335480 19:13206442-13224666
22 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13206442_13207898)_(13214608_13224666)deldeletion Pathogenic 8519 19:13317256-13335480 19:13206442-13224666
23 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13214609_13224667)_(13286966_13300549)deldeletion Pathogenic 8518 19:13214609-13300549
24 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13255260_13259564)_(13259701_?)deldeletion Pathogenic 8517 19:13255260-13259701
25 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13335910_13359606)_(13359799_13371687)dupduplication Pathogenic 8516 19:13446724-13482501 19:13335910-13371687
26 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13335910_13359606)_(13359799_13371687)deldeletion Pathogenic 8515 19:13446724-13482501 19:13335910-13371687
27 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(13359800_13371688)_(13371779_13505931)deldeletion Pathogenic 8514 19:13359800-13505931
28 CACNA1A nsv1067873deletion Pathogenic 8512 19:13315086-13354652 19:13204242-13243808
29 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.860G>A (p.Cys287Tyr)SNV Pathogenic 8511 rs121908236 19:13470538-13470538 19:13359724-13359724
30 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.5126T>C (p.Ile1709Thr)SNV Pathogenic 8510 rs121909326 19:13346033-13346033 19:13235219-13235219
31 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4208T>G (p.Phe1403Cys)SNV Pathogenic 8508 rs121908227 19:13372309-13372309 19:13261495-13261495
32 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.3832C>T (p.Arg1278Ter)SNV Pathogenic 8506 rs121909323 19:13387936-13387936 19:13277122-13277122
33 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.653C>T (p.Ser218Leu)SNV Pathogenic 8504 rs121908225 19:13476262-13476262 19:13365448-13365448
34 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.4854del (p.Val1620fs)deletion Pathogenic 8502 rs587776695 19:13363829-13363829 19:13253015-13253015
35 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.2825dup (p.Ser943fs)duplication Pathogenic 8501 rs587776694 19:13409633-13409634 19:13298819-13298820
36 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.5266G>A (p.Glu1756Lys)SNV Pathogenic 8500 rs121908226 19:13342661-13342661 19:13231847-13231847
37 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4469T>C (p.Phe1490Ser)SNV Pathogenic 8498 rs121908233 19:13368288-13368288 19:13257474-13257474
38 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.877G>A (p.Gly293Arg)SNV Pathogenic 8496 rs121908215 19:13470521-13470521 19:13359707-13359707
39 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.4001+1G>ASNV Pathogenic 8492 rs587776693 19:13386663-13386663 19:13275849-13275849
40 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.3806del (p.Pro1269fs)deletion Pathogenic 8491 rs587776692 19:13394109-13394109 19:13283295-13283295
41 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1997C>T (p.Thr666Met)SNV Pathogenic 8488 rs121908212 19:13414691-13414691 19:13303877-13303877
42 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.2360del (p.Leu787fs)deletion Pathogenic 839990 19:13410090-13410090 19:13299276-13299276
43 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.5569C>T (p.Arg1857Ter)SNV Pathogenic 857862 19:13339572-13339572 19:13228758-13228758
44 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1638C>A (p.Tyr546Ter)SNV Pathogenic 835237 19:13423516-13423516 19:13312702-13312702
45 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1650del (p.Phe551fs)deletion Pathogenic 837522 19:13423504-13423504 19:13312690-13312690
46 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.1747C>T (p.Arg583Ter)SNV Pathogenic 848756 19:13419267-13419267 19:13308453-13308453
47 CACNA1A NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.4252C>T (p.Arg1418Ter)SNV Pathogenic 862804 19:13372265-13372265 19:13261451-13261451
48 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.2134A>G (p.Ile712Val)SNV Pathogenic 803532 19:13414401-13414401 19:13303587-13303587
49 CACNA1A NM_000068.4(CACNA1A):c.3590del (p.Pro1197fs)deletion Pathogenic 803531 19:13395996-13395996 19:13285182-13285182
50 CACNA1A NC_000019.10:g.(?_13275830)_(13277148_?)deldeletion Pathogenic 652963 19:13386644-13387962 19:13275830-13277148

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2:

73 (show all 22)
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 CACNA1A p.Thr665Met VAR_001492 rs121908212
2 CACNA1A p.His253Tyr VAR_043822 rs121908228
3 CACNA1A p.Cys256Arg VAR_043823 rs121908231
4 CACNA1A p.Cys287Tyr VAR_043824 rs121908236
5 CACNA1A p.Gly293Arg VAR_043825 rs121908215
6 CACNA1A p.Phe1402Cys VAR_043832 rs121908227
7 CACNA1A p.Gly1481Arg VAR_043834 rs121908232
8 CACNA1A p.Phe1489Ser VAR_043835 rs121908233
9 CACNA1A p.Val1492Ile VAR_043836 rs121908234
10 CACNA1A p.Arg1660His VAR_043837 rs121908216
11 CACNA1A p.His1735Leu VAR_043840 rs121908229
12 CACNA1A p.Glu1755Lys VAR_043841 rs121908226
13 CACNA1A p.Arg2134Cys VAR_043842 rs121908235
14 CACNA1A p.Tyr248Cys VAR_063683 rs121908238
15 CACNA1A p.Leu389Phe VAR_063684 rs121908239
16 CACNA1A p.Thr500Met VAR_063687 rs121908240
17 CACNA1A p.Gly637Asp VAR_063688 rs121908246
18 CACNA1A p.Met797Thr VAR_063689 rs121908241
19 CACNA1A p.Pro896Arg VAR_063690 rs121908242
20 CACNA1A p.Arg1678Cys VAR_063692 rs121908243
21 CACNA1A p.Cys1868Arg VAR_063693 rs121908244
22 CACNA1A p.Glu388Lys VAR_067342

Sources

Expression for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2.
Sources

Pathways for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Pathways related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 35)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Sweet Taste Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 12.98 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
2
G-Beta Gamma Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 12.94 SCN1A ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B
3
TCR Signaling (Qiagen) 63
Show member pathways
 12.84 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
4
Aldosterone synthesis and secretion 36
Show member pathways
 12.81 KCNN3 KCNMA1 ITPR1 CACNA1S ATP1A2
5
CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages 63
Show member pathways
 12.79 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
6
NFAT and Cardiac Hypertrophy 63
Show member pathways
 12.78 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
7
Transmission across Chemical Synapses 65
Show member pathways
 12.78 KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2
8
Cardiac conduction 65
Show member pathways
 12.75 SCN1A ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S ATP1A2
9
Circadian entrainment 36
Show member pathways
 12.7 SCN1A ITPR1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
10
MAPK signaling pathway 36 1
12.69 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
11
nNOS Signaling in Skeletal Muscle 63
Show member pathways
 12.58 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
12
GABAergic synapse 36
Show member pathways
 12.48 ITPR1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
13
ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 65
Show member pathways
 12.46 ITPR1 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B
14
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways 1
Show member pathways
 12.44 ITPR1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
15
Oxytocin signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.42 KCNMA1 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S
16
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.41 KCNMA1 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S ATP1A2
17
Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2 22
Show member pathways
 12.22 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
18
Calcium signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.2 ITPR1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
19
Potassium Channels 65
Show member pathways
 12.05 KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1
20
Synaptic vesicle cycle 36
Show member pathways
 11.96 CACNA1B CACNA1A ATP1A2
21
Hepatic ABC Transporters 63
Show member pathways
 11.93 CACNA1S CACNA1B ATP1A2
22
Serotonergic synapse 36
11.9 ITPR1 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
23
Spinocerebellar ataxia 36
11.89 SPTBN2 PSMC4 KCNC3 ITPR1 CACNA1A
24
Presenilin-Mediated Signaling 63
11.89 PSMC4 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
25
Pancreatic secretion 36
11.83 KCNMA1 ITPR1 ATP1A2
26
Cardiac muscle contraction 36
11.75 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S ATP1A2
27
Phase 0 - rapid depolarisation 65
Show member pathways
 11.65 SCN1A CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S
28
Renin secretion 36
11.63 KCNMA1 ITPR1 CACNA1S
29
G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway 22
11.62 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
30
GnRH secretion 36
11.59 KCNN3 ITPR1 CACNA1S
31
Fc-GammaR Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 11.55 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
32
Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway 63
11.53 KCNC3 KCNA1 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA1S CACNA1B
33
Netrin Signaling 63
11.4 CACNB4 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
34
Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
11.32 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
35
Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Pre- and Post- Ganglionic Junction) 60
10.71 CACNA1B CACNA1A
Sources

GO Terms for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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Cellular components related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 plasma membrane GO:0005886 10.18 SCN1A KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ITPR1
2 synapse GO:0045202 9.7 PSMC4 KCNC3 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA1B CACNA1A
3 presynapse GO:0098793 9.62 SPTBN2 KCNA1 CACNA1B CACNA1A
4 voltage-gated potassium channel complex GO:0008076 9.61 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1
5 caveola GO:0005901 9.58 KCNMA1 CAV2 ATP1A2
6 neuronal cell body GO:0043025 9.56 SPTBN2 SCN1A KCNN3 KCNC3 KCNA1 CACNA1B
7 T-tubule GO:0030315 9.43 SCN1A CACNA1S ATP1A2
8 voltage-gated calcium channel complex GO:0005891 9.02 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A

Biological processes related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 21)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 ion transmembrane transport GO:0034220 9.89 SCN1A KCNMA1 ITPR1 CACNA1A ATP1A2
2 chemical synaptic transmission GO:0007268 9.86 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA1B CACNA1A
3 transmembrane transport GO:0055085 9.81 SCN1A PSMC4 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ITPR1
4 potassium ion transport GO:0006813 9.8 KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ATP1A2
5 calcium ion transport GO:0006816 9.8 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
6 regulation of membrane potential GO:0042391 9.78 SCN1A KCNMA1 KCNA1 CACNA1A
7 potassium ion transmembrane transport GO:0071805 9.77 KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ATP1A2
8 calcium ion transmembrane transport GO:0070588 9.73 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
9 ion transport GO:0006811 9.73 SCN1A KCNN3 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ITPR1
10 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 9.71 ITPR1 CACNA2D2 CACNA1A
11 cardiac conduction GO:0061337 9.7 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S
12 calcium ion import GO:0070509 9.63 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
13 membrane depolarization GO:0051899 9.61 CACNB4 CACNA1B CACNA1A
14 response to pain GO:0048265 9.6 CACNA1B CACNA1A
15 regulation of muscle contraction GO:0006937 9.59 KCNA1 ATP1A2
16 response to amyloid-beta GO:1904645 9.58 CACNA1B CACNA1A
17 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain GO:0050966 9.58 SCN1A KCNA1
18 cellular potassium ion homeostasis GO:0030007 9.57 KCNMA1 ATP1A2
19 neuromuscular process controlling posture GO:0050884 9.55 SCN1A PNKD
20 rhythmic synaptic transmission GO:0060024 9.51 CACNA2D2 CACNA1A
21 regulation of ion transmembrane transport GO:0034765 9.28 SCN1A KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2

Molecular functions related to Episodic Ataxia, Type 2 according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:0005245 9.72 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
2 calcium channel activity GO:0005262 9.63 ITPR1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
3 potassium channel activity GO:0005267 9.58 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1
4 high voltage-gated calcium channel activity GO:0008331 9.56 CACNB4 CACNA1S CACNA1B CACNA1A
5 ion channel activity GO:0005216 9.56 SCN1A KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 ITPR1 CACNA1S
6 voltage-gated potassium channel activity GO:0005249 9.54 KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1
7 calcium-activated potassium channel activity GO:0015269 9.43 KCNN3 KCNMA1
8 voltage-gated ion channel activity GO:0005244 9.28 SCN1A KCNMA1 KCNC3 KCNA1 CACNB4 CACNA2D2
Sources

Sources for Episodic Ataxia, Type 2

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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