Acromegaly disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: ACR007 MIFTS: 63	Acromegaly Categories: Endocrine diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Acromegaly

MalaCards integrated aliases for Acromegaly:

Name: Acromegaly ¹¹ ¹⁹ ⁵⁸ ⁷⁵ ⁵³ ⁴³ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹

Gigantism ¹⁹ ⁷⁵ ⁵³ ⁷¹

Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma ⁷¹

Growth Hormone Excess ¹⁹

Somatotroph Adenoma ¹⁹

Pituitary Giant ¹⁹

Characteristics:

Prevelance:

1-9/1000000 (Worldwide, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Korea, Republic of, Iceland, Malta, Sweden, Denmark) 1-9/100000 (Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Ireland, Korea, Republic of, United States, United States, Denmark, Worldwide) 1-5/10000 (Belgium, Iceland, Malta) ⁵⁸

Age Of Onset:

Adolescent,Adult,Childhood,Elderly,Infancy ⁵⁸

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Disorders of other endocrine glands

Hyperfunction of pituitary gland

Acromegaly and pituitary gigantism

Orphanet: ⁵⁸

Rare infertility disorders

Rare endocrine diseases

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:2449

MeSH ⁴³ D000172

NCIt ⁴⁹ C84533

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 154698000

MESH via Orphanet ⁴⁴ D000172

ICD10 via Orphanet ³² E22.0

UMLS via Orphanet ⁷² C0001206

Orphanet ⁵⁸ ORPHA963

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_1001485

UMLS ⁷¹ C0001206 C0017547 C0346302

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Summaries for Acromegaly

GARD: ¹⁹ Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from the pituitary gland producing too much growth hormone (GH). It is most often diagnosed in middle-aged adults, although symptoms can appear at any age. Signs and symptoms include abnormal growth and swelling of the hands and feet; bone changes that; alter various facial features; arthritis; carpal tunnel syndrome; enlargement of body organs; and various other symptoms. The condition is usually caused by benign tumors on the pituitary called adenomas. Rarely, it is caused by tumors of the pancreas, lungs, and other parts of the brain stimulating the pituitary gland to produce GH. When GH-producing tumors occur in childhood, the disease that results is called gigantism rather than Acromegaly. Acromegaly may also be part of other genetic syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 and type 4, hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome, McCune-Allright syndrome, neurofibromatosis or Carney complex.

MalaCards based summary: Acromegaly, also known as gigantism, is related to pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types and pituitary tumors, and has symptoms including endocrine system signs and symptoms An important gene associated with Acromegaly is AIP (Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein), and among its related pathways/superpathways are GPCR downstream signalling and Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors). The drugs Metformin and Liraglutide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include limb, pituitary and bone, and related phenotypes are hyperhidrosis and macroglossia

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare acquired endocrine disease related to excessive production of growth hormone (GH) and characterized by progressive somatic disfigurement (mainly involving the face and extremities) and systemic manifestations.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A disease of metabolism that has material basis in excessive growth hormone production which results in enlargement located in limb.

Wikipedia ⁷⁵ Acromegaly: Acromegaly is a disorder that results from excess growth hormone (GH) after the growth plates have... more...

Gigantism: Gigantism (Greek: γίγας, gígas, "giant", plural γίγαντες, gígantes), also known as giantism, is a... more...

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Related Diseases for Acromegaly

Diseases related to Acromegaly via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1071)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types	32.4	SST PRL MEN1 IGFBP3 IGF1 GH1
2	pituitary tumors	31.8	SSTR5 SST PRL MEN1 IGF1 GNAS
3	tsh producing pituitary tumor	31.6	SSTR5 SST PRL POMC GPR101 AIP
4	insulin-like growth factor i	31.3	SST PRL INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1 IGF1
5	sleep apnea	31.3	INS IGF1 GHRL
6	apnea, obstructive sleep	31.2	POMC INS IGF1 GHRL
7	hypogonadism	31.2	PRL POMC INS IGF1 GH1
8	galactorrhea	31.2	PRL IGF1
9	carney complex variant	31.2	SST PRL POMC MEN1 IGF1 GPR101
10	mccune-albright syndrome	31.2	SST PRL POMC MEN1 IGF1 GPR101
11	diabetes insipidus	31.1	PRL POMC INS GH1
12	goiter	31.1	TRH SST PRL INS IGF1 GNAS
13	prediabetes syndrome	31.1	INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1 IGF1 GHRL GH1
14	carcinoid tumors, intestinal	31.1	SSTR2 SST MEN1
15	graves disease 1	31.1	TRH POMC INS
16	carcinoid syndrome	31.1	SST IGF1 GHRH
17	pituitary-dependent cushing's disease	31.1	TRH SST PRL POMC GHRH GH1
18	central diabetes insipidus	31.0	TRH PRL POMC IGF1 GH1
19	premature ovarian failure 7	31.0	POMC GH1
20	hypopituitarism	31.0	TRH PRL POMC INS IGFBP3 IGF1
21	hyperglycemia	31.0	SST INS IGF1 GHRL GH1
22	adenoma	30.9	TRH SSTR5 SSTR2 SST PRL POMC
23	hyperprolactinemia	30.9	TRH SST PRL POMC INS IGF1
24	fibrous dysplasia	30.8	SST PRL IGF1 GNAS GHRH GH1
25	pituitary apoplexy	30.8	TRH SST PRL POMC INS IGF1
26	glucose intolerance	30.8	SST PRL POMC INS IGFBP1 IGF1
27	amenorrhea	30.8	TRH PRL POMC INS IGF1 GHRL
28	empty sella syndrome	30.8	TRH PRL POMC INS IGFBP3 IGF1
29	acanthosis nigricans	30.8	INS IGF1 GH1
30	growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma	30.8	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1 SST PRL POMC
31	lipid metabolism disorder	30.7	POMC INS IGF1 GHRL
32	skin tag	30.7	PRL INS IGFBP3 IGF1
33	gangliocytoma	30.7	SST PRL POMC GHRH
34	chromophobe adenoma	30.7	TRH PRL POMC GH1
35	type 2 diabetes mellitus	30.6	SST PRL POMC INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1
36	multiple endocrine neoplasia	30.6	SST PRL POMC MEN1 GNAS AIP
37	central precocious puberty	30.6	POMC IGFBP3 IGF1
38	hyperinsulinism	30.6	SST INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1 IGF1 GHRL
39	neuroendocrine tumor	30.6	SSTR2 SST POMC MEN1 IGF1 GHRL
40	leptin deficiency or dysfunction	30.6	TRH POMC INS IGF1 GHRL GHRH
41	hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 4	30.5	PRL POMC IGF1 GH1
42	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism	30.5	PRL POMC INS IGF1
43	sleep disorder	30.5	POMC INS IGF1 GHRL
44	irritable bowel syndrome	30.5	SST POMC GHRL
45	gestational diabetes	30.5	PRL INS IGFBP1 IGF1 GHRL GHR
46	conn's syndrome	30.5	TRH SST PRL POMC MEN1 INS
47	pituitary adenoma	30.5	TRH SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1 SST PRL
48	hyperthyroidism	30.5	TRH SST PRL POMC INS IGF1
49	hypothyroidism	30.4	TRH SST PRL POMC INS IGFBP3
50	turner syndrome	30.4	INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1 IGF1 GHR GH1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Acromegaly:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Acromegaly

Human phenotypes related to Acromegaly:

⁵⁸ ³⁰ (show top 50) (show all 63)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	hyperhidrosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000975
2	macroglossia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000158
3	coarse facial features ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000280
4	macrotia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000400
5	mandibular prognathia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000303
6	fatigue ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0012378
7	full cheeks ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000293
8	thick lower lip vermilion ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000179
9	anterior hypopituitarism ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000830
10	arthralgia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0002829
11	long face ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000276
12	joint swelling ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001386
13	broad forehead ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000337
14	osteoarthritis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0002758
15	tall stature ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000098
16	wide nose ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000445
17	large hands ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001176
18	tapered finger ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001182
19	long penis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000040
20	broad foot ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001769
21	deep plantar creases ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001869
22	cortical diaphyseal thickening of the upper limbs ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0003859
23	macrodactyly ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0004099
24	deep palmar crease ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0006191
25	pituitary growth hormone cell adenoma ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0011760
26	elevated circulating growth hormone concentration ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)		HP:0000845
27	frontal bossing ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002007
28	depression ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000716
29	kyphosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002808
30	sleep apnea ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0010535
31	diabetes mellitus ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000819
32	hypertension ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000822
33	widely spaced teeth ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000687
34	anxiety ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000739
35	abnormal fingernail morphology ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001231
36	palpebral edema ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0100540
37	generalized hirsutism ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002230
38	paresthesia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0003401
39	spinal canal stenosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0003416
40	hoarse voice ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001609
41	migraine ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002076
42	cerebral palsy ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0100021
43	synophrys ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000664
44	abnormal toenail morphology ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0008388
45	broad jaw ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0012802
46	dysmenorrhea ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0100607
47	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ³⁰	Frequent (33%)		HP:0000044
48	acne ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001061
49	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001639
50	mitral regurgitation ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001653

UMLS symptoms related to Acromegaly:

endocrine system signs and symptoms

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Acromegaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.19	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GHRL
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.19	AIP GH1 GHR GHRHR GHRL GNAS
3	Reduced mammosphere formation	GR00396-S	9.5	GHR GHRL GNAS IGF1 IGFBP3 MEN1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Acromegaly:

⁴⁵ (show all 12)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.39	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GNAS IGF1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.39	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GHRL
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.28	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GNAS
4	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.24	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GHRL
5	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.22	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GNAS IGFBP1
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	10.2	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GHRL GNAS
7	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.19	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GHRL GNAS
8	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.13	AIP GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GNAS
9	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10.1	GH1 GHR GNAS IGF1 INS POMC
10	immune system	MP:0005387	9.97	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRHR GNAS IGF1
11	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.65	GHR GHRH GHRHR GNAS IGF1 IGFBP3
12	integument	MP:0010771	9.32	AIP GHR GHRHR GNAS IGF1 IGFBP3

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Acromegaly

Drugs for Acromegaly (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 88)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Metformin

Approved

Phase 4

1115-70-4, 657-24-9

4091

Liraglutide

Approved

Phase 4

204656-20-2

44147092 16134956

Cabergoline

Approved

Phase 4

81409-90-7

54746

Somatostatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

38916-34-6, 51110-01-1

53481605 16129706

Pasireotide

Approved

Phase 4

396091-73-9

56841596 9941444

Lactitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

585-86-4

157355

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

Octreotide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

83150-76-9

383414 6400441

Lanreotide

Approved

Phase 4

108736-35-2

71349 6918011

Insulin, Globin Zinc

Phase 4

Insulin

Phase 4

Sitagliptin Phosphate

Phase 4

654671-77-9

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Phase 4

Hypoglycemic Agents

Phase 4

Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors

Phase 4

Incretins

Phase 4

protease inhibitors

Phase 4

Cardiotonic Agents

Phase 4

Sympathomimetics

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

Hormones

Phase 4

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4

Dopamine agonists

Phase 4

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

Antiparkinson Agents

Phase 4

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

Sorbitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

69-65-8, 50-70-4

453 6251 5780

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium

Phase 3

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 3

Tadalafil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

171596-29-5

110635

Sodium citrate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

68-04-2

23431961

Clomifene

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

911-45-5

2800

Dimenhydrinate

Approved

Phase 2

523-87-5

10660

Citric acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 2

77-92-9

311

Enclomiphene

Investigational

Phase 2

15690-57-0

1548953

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors

Phase 2

Vasodilator Agents

Phase 2

Ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel drug combination

Phase 2

Mitogens

Phase 2

Estrogens

Phase 2

Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Phase 2

Estrogen Receptor Antagonists

Phase 2

Estrogen Antagonists

Phase 2

Zuclomiphene

Phase 2

Citrate

Phase 2

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 185)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Efficacy and Safety of Pasireotide Long Acting Release (LAR) in Combination With Weekly Pegvisomant in Previously Controlled Acromegaly Patients on Combination Treatment of Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues and Weekly Pegvisomant	Unknown status	NCT02668172	Phase 4	Pasireotide LAR 60 mg;Pegvisomant
2	Changes of Left Ventricular Mass and Cardiac Function in Patients With Active Acromegaly During Treatment With the Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Pegvisomant: an Open-labelled, Prospective Study	Unknown status	NCT00552851	Phase 4	pegvisomant
3	Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Body Composition Effects of Sandostatin LAR® Therapy of Acromegaly, Effect of Reduction of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Levels Into a New Normative Range	Unknown status	NCT01424241	Phase 4	Sandostatin LAR
4	Long-term (up to 3 Years) Clinical and Hormonal Outcomes in Acromegalic Patients With Treated Surgery With or Without Long Acting Somatostatin Analogues: Open-labeled, Prospective, Parallel Group Study	Unknown status	NCT02427295	Phase 4	Sandostatin (Octreotide Acetate)
5	A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Phase IV Study to Investigate the Management of Pasireotide-induced Hyperglycemia With Incretin Based Therapy or Insulin in Adult Patients With Cushing's Disease or Acromegaly	Completed	NCT02060383	Phase 4	Pasireotide s.c.;Sitagliptin;Liraglutide;Insulin;Pasireotide LAR;Metformin
6	Beneficial Effect of Dose Escalation of Octreotide-LAR as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Resistant Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00461149	Phase 4	Octreotide-LAR
7	Study to Determine Whether Ultrasound Guidance Improves Delivery and Efficacy of Intramuscular Injection of Long-Acting Octreotide in the Treatment of Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00552071	Phase 4	Octreotide LAR 30 MG Injection
8	A Phase IV, Multicentre, Open Label, Controlled Study to Assess the Ability of Patients With Acromegaly, or Their Partners, to Administer Somatuline Autogel.	Completed	NCT00149188	Phase 4	Lanreotide (Autogel formulation)
9	Comparable Effects of Lanreotide Autogel and Octreotide LAR on GH, IGF-I Levels and Patient Satisfaction - A Twelve Month Randomized Cross-Over Study in Patients With Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00145405	Phase 4	Lanreotide Autogel and Octreotide LAR
10	Treatment of Acromegaly With Somatostatin Analogs: GH vs. IGF-I as Primary Biochemical Target	Completed	NCT01618513	Phase 4	Sandostatin® LAR
11	The Effect of Acute Application of Pegvisomant Alone and in Combination With Octreotide on Endogenous GH Levels During a 6 Hour Test in Patients With Acromegaly on Constant Pegvisomant Treatment	Completed	NCT00595140	Phase 4	pegvisomant;combination with somatostatin analogue octreotide;combination with dopamine agonist cabergoline
12	A Study To Compare The Efficacy And Safety Of Pegvisomant To That Of Sandostatin Lar Depot In Patients With Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00068042	Phase 4	Pegvisomant;Sandostatin LAR
13	A Multicenter, Open, Prospective, Observational Study to Investigate the Effect of Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg on Control of GH and IGF-I Excess and Tumor Shrinkage in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00627796	Phase 4	Lanreotide-Autogel 120 mg
14	A Randomized, Parallel Group, Three-Arm Study To Evaluate Treatment With A Combination Of Pegvisomant Plus Sandostatin Lar, Pegvisomant (Alone), And Sandostatin Lar (Alone) In Patients With Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00068029	Phase 4	Pegvisomant/ Sandostatin LAR;Sandostatin LAR;Pegvisomant
15	A Phase IV, Open-label, Single Group Study to Evaluate the Dosing, Efficacy and Safety of Lanreotide Autogel® in Patients With Acromegaly Previously Treated With Octreotide LAR	Completed	NCT00216398	Phase 4	Lanreotide (Autogel formulation)
16	Does Surgical Debulking Of Pituitary Adenomas Improve Responsiveness To Octreotide LAR In The Treatment Of Acromegaly: An Investigator-Initiated Study	Completed	NCT01371643	Phase 4	Octreotide LAR
17	A Prospective, International, Multi-centric, Open-label Study to Assess the Efficacy of an Extended Injection Interval Schedule of Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg in Acromegalic Subjects Who Are Biochemically Controlled on the Long Term Treatment With Octreotide LAR 10 or 20 mg	Completed	NCT00701363	Phase 4	Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg
18	The Effects of Weekly Administration of 40 mg Pegvisomant or Placebo on Quality of Life and Insulin Sensitivity in Acromegalic Patients With Normal IGF-I Concentrations During Long-Term Treatment With Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogs	Completed	NCT00642720	Phase 4	Pegvisomant
19	Preoperative Octreotide Treatment of Patients With Growth Hormone Producing Pituitary Adenomas	Completed	NCT00521300	Phase 4	Octreotide
20	A Multi-Center, Open-Label Study For The Compassionate Use Of Pegvisomant In Acromegalic Patients Refractory To Conventional Therapy and For Patients Who Received The Product During The Clinical Development Program.	Completed	NCT00151437	Phase 4	Pegvisomant treatment
21	Octreotide Efficacy and Safety in First-line Acromegalic Patients	Completed	NCT00171886	Phase 4	Octreotide
22	A Multicenter, Single Arm, Proof of Concept Study to Investigate the Efficacy of an 8 Month Combination Therapy of Octreotide and Cabergoline in Acromegalic Patients Only Partially Responsive to Somatostatin Analog Monotherapy	Completed	NCT00376064	Phase 4	Octreotide acetate and cabergoline/Octrotide and Somavert
23	An Open-label, Two-step, Multicenter European Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Sandostatin LAR at High Dose or in Combination Either With GH-receptor Antagonist or Dopamine-agonist in Acromegalic Patients Not Adequately Controlled by Conventional Regimen	Completed	NCT01278342	Phase 4	Sandostatin LAR;pegvisomant;cabergoline
24	An Open Label, Multi-center Pasireotide Roll-over Protocol for Patients Who Have Completed a Previous Novartis-sponsored Pasireotide Study and Are Judged by the Investigator to Benefit From Continued Pasireotide Treatment	Active, not recruiting	NCT01794793	Phase 4	Pasireotide;Cabergoline
25	Open Label Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Octreotide Acetate in Patients With Acromegaly, With Micro or Macroadenomas	Terminated	NCT00242541	Phase 4	Octreotide acetate
26	A Pilot Study of Pre- and Post-operative Somatuline Depot Therapy in Acromegalic Patients Treated by Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery: Impact on Early Remission Rates and Perioperative Morbidity	Terminated	NCT01861717	Phase 4	lanreotide
27	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Octreotide Capsules in Patients Who Demonstrated Biochemical Control on Injectable Somatostatin Receptor Ligands (SRL) Treatment	Unknown status	NCT03252353	Phase 3	octreotide capsules;Matching placebo
28	A Phase 3, Randomized, Active Controlled Study to Evaluate Maintenance of Response, Safety and Patient Reported Outcomes in Acromegaly Patients Treated With Octreotide Capsules vs. Parenteral Somatostatin Receptor Ligands	Completed	NCT02685709	Phase 3	Octreotide capsules
29	Strict IGF-1 Control in Acromegaly (I-Con Study)	Completed	NCT02952885	Phase 3	Pegvisomant
30	A Multi Center Open Label Study to Assess the Ability of Subjects With Acromegaly or Their Partners to Administer Somatuline Autogel	Completed	NCT00447499	Phase 3	Somatuline Autogel (lanreotide acetate)
31	Phase III, Multicentre, Open Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Tolerability of a New Slow-release Formulation of Lanreotide (Autogel 120 mg) in Patients With Active Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00499993	Phase 3	lanreotide (Autogel formulation), duration of treatment 46-48 weeks
32	A Phase IIIb Multicenter, Open-label, Single Arm Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pasireotide in Patients With Acromegaly Inadequately Controlled With First Generation Somatostatin Analogues	Completed	NCT02354508	Phase 3	Pasireotide LAR
33	A Multicenter, Randomized, Blinded Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Pasireotide LAR vs. Octreotide LAR in Patients With Active Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00600886	Phase 3	Pasireotide;Octreotide
34	A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Double-blind Pasireotide LAR 40 mg and Pasireotide LAR 60 mg Versus Open-label Octreotide LAR or Lanreotide ATG in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Acromegaly	Completed	NCT01137682	Phase 3	Pasireotide;octreotide LAR 30mg;lanreotide ATG 120mg
35	Long-Term Study of B2036-PEG in Acromegaly - Long Term Study With B2036-PEG -	Completed	NCT00143416	Phase 3	Pegvisomant
36	A Phase III, Prospective, Randomised, Open Label Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Lanreotide Autogel® 60, 90 or 120 mg With Lanreotide 40 mg PR in Subjects With Active Acromegaly	Completed	NCT02493517	Phase 3	Lanreotide Autogel®;Lanreotide Acetate
37	Safety and Efficacy of Long-acting Repeatable Octreotide Acetate for Injectable Suspension vs. Surgery in Treatment-naïve Patients With Acromegaly	Completed	NCT00225979	Phase 3	Octreotide LAR
38	Efficacy and Safety of Oral Octreolin™ in Patients With Acromegaly Who Are Currently Receiving Parenteral Somatostatin Analogs	Completed	NCT01412424	Phase 3	Octreotide capsules
39	Open Label Extension Study Evaluating the Safety and Biological Activity of a New Prolonged Release Formulation of Octreotide Acetate, C2L-OCT-01 PR, Administered Intra Muscularly Every 6, 5 or 4 Weeks in Acromegalic Patients	Completed	NCT00635765	Phase 3	C2L-OCT-01 PR 30 mg
40	A Phase III, Multicentre, Open Label, Comparative, Dose-interval Titration Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Six Repeated Deep Subcutaneous Administrations of Lanreotide Autogel 120mg, in Acromegalic Patients Previously Treated With Octreotide LAR	Completed	NCT00444873	Phase 3	lanreotide (Autogel formulation), duration of treatment 24-56 weeks, depending on dose interval
41	Phase III, Multicentre, Open Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety Profiles of the Co-administration of Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg (Administered Via Deep Subcutaneous Injections Every 28 Days) and Pegvisomant 40 to 120 mg Per Week (Administered Via Subcutaneous Route Once or Twice a Week) in Acromegalic Patients Failing to Respond to Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg Alone	Completed	NCT00383708	Phase 3	lanreotide (Autogel formulation);Pegvisomant
42	A Randomised, Open-label, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Medical Treatment With Octreotide Acetate 30 mg Administered Every 21 Days for 6 Months With That of Octreotide Acetate 60 mg Administered Every 28 Days for 6 Months in Acromegalic Patients With Uncontrolled Disease	Completed	NCT00372697	Phase 3	Octreotide acetate 30 mg suspension
43	Phase IIIb, Multicentre, Open-label, Single-arm, Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Lanreotide Autogel 120 mg Administered Every 28 Days as Primary Medical Treatment in Acromegalic Patients With Macroadenoma	Completed	NCT00690898	Phase 3	Lanreotide autogel 120 mg
44	Safety and Efficacy of Octreotide LAR in Treatment Naïve Acromegalic Patients	Completed	NCT00128232	Phase 3	Octreotide LAR
45	Open Label, Randomized Study Comparing the Biological Efficacy & Safety of a New Prolonged Release Formulation of Octreotide Acetate, C2L-OCT-01 PR, 30 mg Administered Every 42 Days for 84 Days With Sandostatin LAR 30 mg Administered Every 28 Days for 84 Days to Acromegalic Patients	Completed	NCT00616551	Phase 3	C2L-OCT-01 PR, 30 mg;Octreotide acetate prolonged release, 30 mg
46	Phase II, Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind Study in Acromegalic Patients Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of a Single Deep Subcutaneous Administration of Lanreotide Autogel (60, 90 or 120mg) Versus Placebo Followed by a Single Blind Fixed Dose Phase Evaluating the Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Efficacy and Safety Profile of Multiple Deep Subcutaneous Administrations of Lanreotide Autogel (60, 90 & 120mg) Ending in Open Label Dose Titration Phase.	Completed	NCT00234572	Phase 2, Phase 3	Lanreotide (Autogel formulation)
47	Phase III, Multicentre, Open Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Lanreotide Autogel (60, 90 or 120 mg) in Acromegalic Patients Previously Treated or Not by Somatostatin Analogues.	Completed	NCT00210457	Phase 3	Lanreotide (Autogel formulation)
48	A Study of the Effects of Pegvisomant on Growth Hormone Excess in McCune-Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00017927	Phase 3	Pegvisomant
49	A Phase 3, Open-label, Single-arm, Multi-center Trial to Assess the Long-term Safety of Octreotide Subcutaneous Depot (CAM2029) in Patients With Acromegaly	Recruiting	NCT04125836	Phase 3	CAM2029 (octreotide subcutaneous depot)
50	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Trial to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Octreotide Subcutaneous Depot (CAM2029) in Patients With Acromegaly	Recruiting	NCT04076462	Phase 3	CAM2029 (octreotide subcutaneous depot);Matching placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Acromegaly

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

2-Bromoergocryptine Mesylate

Bromocriptine

lanreotide

Octreotide

Octreotide Acetate

pegvisomant

Cochrane evidence based reviews: acromegaly

Sources

Genetic Tests for Acromegaly

Sources

Anatomical Context for Acromegaly

Organs/tissues related to Acromegaly:

FMA: Limb

MalaCards : Pituitary, Bone, Pancreas, Brain, Skin, Olfactory Bulb, Skeletal Muscle

Sources

Publications for Acromegaly

Articles related to Acromegaly:

(show top 50) (show all 10048)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	IGF-I stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibits insulin-dependent glucose uptake via ROS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fukuoka H...Takahashi Y	20185348	2010
2	Acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of colonic diverticula: a case-control study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wassenaar MJ...Romijn JA	20215398	2010
3	Dose optimization of somatostatin analogues for acromegaly patients. ⁵³ ⁶²	Colao A...Lombardi G	20348838	2010
4	Skin reaction and fever after treatment with pegvisomant in a patient with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Manavela MP...Bruno OD	20206782	2010
5	Tumor volume of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas during treatment with pegvisomant: a prospective multicenter study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Buhk JH...Knauth M	19965922	2010
6	The current status of IGF-I assays--a 2009 update. ⁵³ ⁶²	Frystyk J...Clemmons DR	19818658	2010
7	Evolution of an aggressive prolactinoma into a growth hormone secreting pituitary tumor coincident with GNAS gene mutation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lania AG...Colao A	19890024	2010
8	Discordant nadir GH after oral glucose and IGF-I levels on treated acromegaly: refining the biochemical markers of mild disease activity. ⁵³ ⁶²	Elias PC...Moreira AC	19798623	2010
9	Associations between body composition, circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, osteocalcin, and insulin metabolism in active acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ueland T...Bollerslev J	19880791	2010
10	The exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor is associated with better response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bernabeu I...Marazuela M	19850678	2010
11	Reduction of elevated IGF-1 levels in coincident amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pereira EA...Talbot K	19634028	2010
12	From somatostatin to octreotide LAR: evolution of a somatostatin analogue. ⁵³ ⁶²	Anthony L...Freda PU	19842996	2009
13	A Canadian multi-centre, open-label long-term study of Pegvisomant treatment in refractory acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ezzat S...Chik CL	20003832	2009
14	Comparison of pegvisomant and long-acting octreotide in patients with acromegaly naïve to radiation and medical therapy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ghigo E...Klibanski A	20009494	2009
15	Influence of disease control with pegvisomant on sleep apnoea and tongue volume in patients with active acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Berg C...Herrmann BL	19773369	2009
16	The exon-3 deleted growth hormone receptor polymorphism predisposes to long-term complications of acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wassenaar MJ...Romijn JA	19864451	2009
17	Medical therapy of acromegaly: efficacy and safety of somatostatin analogues. ⁵³ ⁶²	Feelders RA...van der Lely AJ	19852525	2009
18	A link between bone mineral density and serum adiponectin and visfatin levels in acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sucunza N...Webb SM	19723758	2009
19	Long term effect of external pituitary irradiation on IGF1 levels in patients with acromegaly free of adjunctive treatment. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mullan K...Atkinson AB	19661126	2009
20	Somatostatin analog and pegvisomant combination therapy for acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Neggers SJ...van der Lely AJ	19763127	2009
21	Effects of initial therapy for five years with somatostatin analogs for acromegaly on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I levels, tumor shrinkage, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Colao A...Pivonello R	19622615	2009
22	[Treatment of pituitary adenomas]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mezosi E...Nemes O	19758960	2009
23	Long-term results of stereotactic radiosurgery in secretory pituitary adenomas. ⁵³ ⁶²	Castinetti F...Brue T	19509108	2009
24	Monitoring of acromegaly: what should be performed when GH and IGF-1 levels are discrepant? ⁵³ ⁶²	Freda PU	19226264	2009
25	[AIP mutations in familial and sporadic pituitary adenomas: local experience and review of the literature]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fajardo-Montanana C...Beckers A	19883897	2009
26	Chronic growth hormone excess is associated with increased aldosterone: a study in patients with acromegaly and in growth hormone transgenic mice. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bielohuby M...Bidlingmaier M	19491373	2009
27	D3 GH receptor polymorphism is not associated with IGF1 levels in untreated acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kamenicky P...Chanson P	19439509	2009
28	Significant tumour shrinkage after 12 months of lanreotide Autogel-120 mg treatment given first-line in acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Colao A...Ferone D	19094074	2009
29	Glucose tolerance and somatostatin analog treatment in acromegaly: a 12-month study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Colao A...Pivonello R	19491229	2009
30	[Outcome of somatostatin analogue treatment in acromegaly]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mondok A...Tulassay Z	19617182	2009
31	Outcome of surgical intrasellar growth hormone tumor performed by a pituitary specialist surgeon in a developing country. ⁵³ ⁶²	Gondim JA...Schops M	18440607	2009
32	Pegvisomant improves insulin sensitivity and reduces overnight free fatty acid concentrations in patients with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Higham CE...Trainer PJ	19366854	2009
33	Successful use of weekly pegvisomant administration in patients with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Higham CE...Trainer PJ	19411301	2009
34	Factors determining inadequate hypoglycaemia during insulin tolerance testing (ITT) after pituitary surgery. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lee P...Ho KK	19178524	2009
35	Association between serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF binding protein-3 and lung function. ⁵³ ⁶²	Glaser S...Koch B	19401363	2009
36	Detection of small bowel tumors by videocapsule endoscopy in patients with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ronchi CL...Arosio M	19494714	2009
37	Secondary diabetes associated with principal endocrinopathies: the impact of new treatment modalities. ⁵³ ⁶²	Resmini E...Ferone D	19322513	2009
38	Lanreotide for the treatment of acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Castinetti F...Brue T	19533047	2009
39	Cost-effectiveness of lanreotide Autogel in treatment algorithms of acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Biermasz NR...Romijn JA	19527094	2009
40	Influence of growth hormone receptor d3 and full-length isoforms on biochemical treatment outcomes in acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Bianchi A...De Marinis L	19336510	2009
41	The effect of acute application of pegvisomant alone and in combination with octreotide on endogenous GH levels during a 6-h test in patients with acromegaly on constant pegvisomant treatment. ⁵³ ⁶²	Roemmler J...Schopohl J	19109045	2009
42	Effects of somatostatin analogs on glucose homeostasis: a metaanalysis of acromegaly studies. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mazziotti G...Giustina A	19208728	2009
43	Growth hormone receptor exon 3 isoforms and their implication in growth disorders and treatment. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jorge AA...Arnhold IJ	19407498	2009
44	Medical therapy in patients with acromegaly: predictors of response and comparison of efficacy of dopamine agonists and somatostatin analogues. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sherlock M...Stewart PM	19158203	2009
45	Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects. ⁵³ ⁶²	Moller N...Jorgensen JO	19240267	2009
46	Efficacy of the new long-acting formulation of lanreotide (lanreotide Autogel) in somatostatin analogue-naive patients with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lombardi G...Colao A	19542735	2009
47	Impact of somatostatin analogs versus surgery on glucose metabolism in acromegaly: results of a 5-year observational, open, prospective study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Colao A...Pivonello R	19001517	2009
48	Effects of somatostatin analogs on a growth hormone-releasing hormone secreting bronchial carcinoid, in vivo and in vitro studies. ⁵³ ⁶²	van Hoek M...Feelders RA	19017754	2009
49	Serum ghrelin levels and disturbances of the lipid profile in patients with acromegaly. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jaskula M...Sowinski J	19675514	2009
50	Pituitary-hormone secretion by thyrotropinomas. ⁵³ ⁶²	Roelfsema F...Romijn JA	19051037	2009

Sources

Genes for Acromegaly

Genes related to Acromegaly (2 elite genes):

(show all 37)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	AIP	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein	Protein Coding	61.61	Susceptibility factor ⁵⁸ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	20530095 23038625 23300914 (more) 20616502 17371465 17609395 18381572 17916996 19883897 17360484 18174729
2	GPR101	G Protein-Coupled Receptor 101	Protein Coding	49.09	Susceptibility factor ⁵⁸ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	25470569
3	SST	Somatostatin	Protein Coding	45.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Proteins (show sections)	7760191 16776333 11888834 (more) 17311857 18031313 17047390 16117824 14665723 12952361 19763127 19617182 19158203 10698045 7915736 10207690 16625847 18283267 12721510 12721507 10617802 1902408 19622615 18058729 16449338 16498061 15943838 15667585 15497660 12721511 15505987 19491229 17359735 16537687 12914744 1358484 19842996 18381583 17388793 18755874 15613435 15077912 11788011 11155094 8959079 18041687 15730408 15743103 19852525 19542735 18058727 16625846 11249504 8067645 19001517 18502671 17913341 16935768 17047393 19197453 2118536 1713220 1752152 1358345 8548050 8769385 11275709 16703403 15914528 16061822 15237932 15055476 12545148 12431842 12213862 11383906 11732393 11581004 10984197 10193608 9864550 8989224 8977971 1355729 16311417 20348838 19527094 19208728 18194486 17552875 18230656 16780450 16543384 15854234 15009004 16259571 16114280 15762188 15644568 15272916 15191332
4	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	37.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8550769 16125529 7787324 (more) 7604674 12528568 17575366 17047383 7586626 17431794 10195375 18037753 9231047 11555849 1715247 11701684 8971551 12670296 16815351 12914750 8050134 19336510 14700556 12864793 8018009 12186455 18284644 9389990 18248639 14764751 9814451 11847474 15080775 11940041 8223982 12029573 10427158 1517371 1559300 19798623 17980002 15760781 14671148 11232010 17458702 16114283 15761230 10999811 16159936 16625853 14971738 10843197 7865627 15765031 11443159 10651750 9329336 19060447 17429594 12201224 12175092 19411301 17546251 12138989 8514980 15070920 15761238 16625852 18524797 1562170 1521515 11078980 7852509 1517833 19739577 17692168 17573420 16932333 15671111 15080777 14557452 12721507 7513781 19226264 17077948 18418712 18401209 17218728 14499709 12914744 12812310 11936466 9160813 19634028 19661126 11182746 10372698 9135706 17429590 17077131 16575760 16498061 15817912 15191332
5	GH1	Growth Hormone 1	Protein Coding	37.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11838603 16789626 10999842 (more) 8388524 10427158 16625850 10197081 11701684 15080775 17431794 11232010 7991070 19336510 9390305 16645012 11549676 8127416 16575760 1715247 11681536 8586028 12739738 8959079 16625851 16114283 14764777 16046586 8126120 15519253 15497657 18524797 12608933 8137516 17573420 16625852 1363409 10468985 11078980 18248639 17062887 15817912 9364247 7519529 8038903 8013941 1569148 19491373 12501974 8706295 17077948 19246978 18401209 12727973 11936466 10971110 8530632 17530416 15935982 1980333 17036195 16828406 15634715 11167923 8317187 1281259 8531896 14506078 12388920 11397887 10871160 10435849 1674920 20215398 19094074 18349062 17437512 8050122 1902962 14713276 15497658 12727951 11318782 10831175 9348175 8548933 7533774 7525123 19439509 16926522 15163338 7955439 11932303 11318788 1713220 8421204 7704960 10195376 10971448 1352308 1726836 2311510 19880791 19494714
6	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	35.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10517473 17242703 1574954 (more) 8531896 8127416 15473133 8706295 10806816 11318782 2115046 1715247 10467911 11078980 11207632 2262756 8194638 1341480 1923946 10913939 1980333 19509108 19051037 11732393 7969823 17159821 16932323 8736275 7746357 7951491 1823080 14713276 10776991 9467544 19890024 19158203 17546251 12380732 7594225 8055814 1395069 1843271 2058088 17371464 15141644 10374130 8778155 8317187 2272669 1352308 1356509 8514980 15765032 16449338
7	GNAS	GNAS Complex Locus	Protein Coding	31.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	14739526 10821217 11158006 (more) 10077364 17878646 15181091 16402935 15233551 19169483 17941904 11254676 1904395 17613552 11165046 18226729
8	GHR	Growth Hormone Receptor	Protein Coding	28.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12201832 12372843 10193608 (more) 19850678 1292973 11940041 14557452 18058736 10909433 10770982 17359735 18766168 15500374 19336510 19089622 15497659 11734231 8496320 16046586 12213898 17218728 15497660 12423627 11443156 20003832 16613824 7752917 11297608 11581004 10984267 10720017 8016162 16498061 15711909 15301564 14671148 11527081 16061824 15865883 12864793 15799207 11595543 20206782 19439509 18611977 17047393 19773369 19109045 16269873 1483295 19965922 19818658 19153502 17534717 16452533 14700556 10443687 18611972 18163211 18174713 17105844 16728538 15585549 12812311 11527090 8432772 17429592 16444181 17047379 16908925 12477295 11694248 9037128 19864451 19758960 19407498 17341562 16780450 7534176 15356058 17573420 15762186 12876416 7673403 11932303
9	GHRH	Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	26.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10483668 1683501 19017754 (more) 16968791 17598976 1281259 7939340 10604121 9768668 11165046 1922854 7991070
10	SSTR5	Somatostatin Receptor 5	Protein Coding	25.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15914528 11399907 11081177 (more) 19533047 7521350 15077912
11	IGFBP3	Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3	Protein Coding	25.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7586626 9231047 10195375 (more) 7533774 8971551 11555849 9389990 11847474 9814451 10560262 12201224 14700556 10427158 11238491 9628244 10573632 7519529 9160813 9076345 7513781 11914026 8657365 14964446 20009494 19401363 15259383 12641631 10443687 9024241 11942776 10090134 18458708 15698601 11527090 17336738 19494714 16127208 11443159 11318786 11531924
12	SSTR2	Somatostatin Receptor 2	Protein Coding	25.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15914528 10207690 19533047 (more) 15077912 17941904 19169483
13	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	25.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12423627 1559300 12812310 (more) 1715247 8200305 1569148 19880791 15519253 15649100 14640992 12388920 15251489 18349062 17652220 9005421 18283256 15634715 8659555 15531496 9447299 17516294 16197874 15004437 7642173 7525123 19093000 10999809 9536592 7852509 7951506 2193770 8944212 19366854 15653112 12388147 18393170 17575366 15551159 12780751 10197081 19322513 9597380 1563080 19224501 1713220 11694656 11940041 12153739 16379314 19178524 18281148 18630616 17983860 16449338 16498061 15636423 15539799 11888835 17844701 15807870 10792333 7544670 8368039 1563535 1794936 16380700 14713276 12727951 15799216 17114888 16624605 14624769 10707575 10022425 7683512 2134077 19240267 18194486 8508007 17984943 16114276 12213898 12501974 11550105 18506091 17908670 17669712 17341562 17322492 16127208 9486982 8586028 1494329 12805674 11415859 10426577 1526629 20185348 18362292
14	TRH	Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	24.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1957553 8127416 8055814 (more) 8370708 1356509 9768668 9574834 1674920 1902962 7991070 8396925 8184183
15	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	22.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9768675 12495300 15765032 (more) 1923946 9914727 14713276 7951491 16926523 12380732
16	SSTR1	Somatostatin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	22.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15103227
17	IGFBP1	Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	21.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1713220 7544670 1715247 (more) 11238491 7525123 7513781 14700556
18	GHRHR	Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor	Protein Coding	21.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11158006 9024267 11453963 (more) 11165046
19	MEN1	Menin 1	Protein Coding	21.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9709921 10993647 17613552 (more) 17360484 18200440
20	GHRL	Ghrelin And Obestatin Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	21.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12153740 12727951 19675514 (more) 15910166 14713276 17466003 12153739 17984943 12727973 16821203 16645012
21	IGF2	Insulin Like Growth Factor 2	Protein Coding	21.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	2086202 10651750 9076345 (more) 11678829 11895459 10443687 11318786 19494714
22	GHSR	Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor	Protein Coding	19.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8126120 8370708 9467586
23	BGLAP	Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamate Protein	Protein Coding	19.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8481830 19880791 8076906 (more) 11720891 12201832
24	GNRH1	Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1	Protein Coding	19.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7746355 8127416 9574834 (more) 1759537 9246050
25	VIP	Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide	Protein Coding	19.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7746355 1333573 8127416 (more) 7991070 2319110 1902488 1759537
26	LEP	Leptin	Protein Coding	18.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12388920 12864793 15055476 (more) 19246978 9768649 12780751 10634378 19880791 11167923
27	IGFBP2	Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	18.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11318786 1716260 11678829 (more) 14700556 7683512
28	GAL	Galanin And GMAP Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	18.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18617732 7536207 7680832 (more) 7508379 1375598 1281259 9516063
29	TRHR	Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor	Protein Coding	18.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8396925 14594554 14599121
30	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	18.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8038903 1624675 9914727 (more) 8596491 1759537
31	CNC2	Carney Complex Type 2, Multiple Neoplasia And Lentiginosis	Genetic Locus	16.87	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11061550 16625848 10690880 (more) 19169494 15281351 15761655
32	PRLR	Prolactin Receptor	Protein Coding	16.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7490565
33	CCK	Cholecystokinin	Protein Coding	16.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8314514 2121494 7926514 (more) 1631261
34	HSD11B1	Hydroxysteroid 11-Beta Dehydrogenase 1	Protein Coding	16.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15004437 14616886
35	ADIPOQ	Adiponectin, C1Q And Collagen Domain Containing	Protein Coding	16.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15519253 19723758 16379314 (more) 12780751 19880791 15653112
36	SHBG	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Protein Coding	16.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16379314 1813034 10443669
37	GPC3	Glypican 3	Protein Coding	15.82	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7909248 9339360 10814714

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Variations for Acromegaly

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Expression for Acromegaly

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Acromegaly.

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Pathways for Acromegaly

Pathways related to Acromegaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	GPCR downstream signalling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁶ G alpha (q) signalling events ⁶⁶ Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁶	13.34	GHRH GHRHR GHRL GNAS POMC SST
2	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁶ GPCRs, class A rhodopsin-like ⁷⁴ Peptide GPCRs ⁷⁴ Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁶	12.98	GHRH GHRHR GHRL GNAS POMC SST
3	Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	12.85	TRH SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1 SST POMC
4	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Focal adhesion: PI3K-Akt-mTOR-signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.75	PRL INS IGF1 GHR GH1
5	Translation Insulin regulation of translation ²² Show member pathways Butyrate-induced histone acetylation ⁷⁴ Cell adhesion PLAU signaling ²² Development CNTF receptor signaling ²² Development Growth hormone signaling via PI3K/AKT and MAPK cascades ²² Overview of perturbations to host-cell autophagy, induced by distinct proteins of SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Regulation of lipid metabolism Insulin signaling-generic cascades ²² Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation ²² Translation Regulation of EIF2 activity ²² Translation Regulation of EIF4F activity ²² Translation inhibitors in chronically activated PDGFRA cells ⁷⁴	12.53	GH1 GHR IGF1 IGFBP3 INS
6	G-Beta Gamma Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways CRHR Pathway ⁶⁴ GHRH Signaling ⁶⁴	12.44	POMC GNAS GHRHR GHRH GH1
7	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Post-translational protein phosphorylation ⁶⁶	12.16	MEN1 IGFBP3 IGFBP1 IGF1
8	Peptide hormone metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Glycoprotein hormones ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁷⁴ Peptide hormone biosynthesis ⁶⁶ Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin ⁶⁶ thyroid hormone biosynthesis ⁶¹	11.95	POMC INS IGF1 GHRL GH1
9	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Defective ACTH causes obesity and POMCD ⁶⁶	11.94	POMC GNAS GHRHR GHRH
10	Senescence and autophagy in cancer ⁷⁴	11.72	INS IGFBP3 IGF1
11	Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.66	INS IGFBP3 IGF1
12	G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway ²²	11.53	IGF1 GNAS GHRH GH1
13	Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome ⁷⁴	11.34	POMC INS GHRL GHRH
14	Growth hormone receptor signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Prolactin receptor signaling ⁶⁶	11.17	PRL GHR GH1
15	Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.56	PRL POMC INS GHRL

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GO Terms for Acromegaly

Cellular components related to Acromegaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	10.3	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRL IGF1 IGFBP1
2	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:0005788	10.1	MEN1 INS IGFBP3 IGFBP1 GHRL
3	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.72	GH1 GHR GHRH GHRL GNAS IGF1
4	insulin-like growth factor ternary complex	GO:0042567	9.67	IGFBP3 IGF1
5	insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex	GO:0016942	9.62	IGFBP3 IGF1
6	growth hormone receptor complex	GO:0070195	9.46	GHR GH1
7	endosome lumen	GO:0031904	9.43	PRL INS GH1

Biological processes related to Acromegaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	negative regulation of cell population proliferation	GO:0008285	10.3	IGFBP3 MEN1 SST SSTR1 SSTR2 SSTR5
2	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.25	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1 SST INS GPR101
3	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	10.19	TRH SST POMC INS GHRH
4	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043410	10.18	INS IGFBP3 IGF1 GHRL
5	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	10.11	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1 POMC
6	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.09	GH1 GHRHR GNAS GPR101 IGF1 IGFBP1
7	hormone-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0009755	10.02	TRH GHRL GHR
8	positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	GO:0046427	10.01	PRL GHR GH1
9	regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:0040014	9.93	PRL IGF1 GHR
10	positive regulation of growth hormone secretion	GO:0060124	9.91	GHRH GHRHR GHRL
11	growth hormone secretion	GO:0030252	9.8	GHRL GHRHR GHRH
12	positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep	GO:0046010	9.78	GHRL GHRHR
13	regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0043567	9.77	GHRHR IGFBP1 IGFBP3
14	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	9.74	GHRHR GHRH
15	somatostatin signaling pathway	GO:0038170	9.73	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1
16	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:0040018	9.65	GHRL GHRHR GHRH GHR GH1
17	hormone secretion	GO:0046879	9.56	GHRHR GHRH
18	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0043568	9.32	IGFBP3 IGF1 GHRHR GHRH GH1

Molecular functions related to Acromegaly according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuropeptide binding	GO:0042923	9.88	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1
2	insulin-like growth factor II binding	GO:0031995	9.73	IGFBP3 IGFBP1
3	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	GO:0005159	9.73	INS IGF1 GNAS
4	growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	GO:0016608	9.67	GHRL GHRH
5	growth factor binding	GO:0019838	9.63	GHR GHRHR IGFBP1 IGFBP3
6	prolactin receptor binding	GO:0005148	9.62	PRL GH1
7	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.5	TRH SST PRL POMC INS IGF1
8	somatostatin receptor activity	GO:0004994	9.43	SSTR5 SSTR2 SSTR1