Acute Stress Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: ACT084 MIFTS: 38	Acute Stress Disorder Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Acute Stress Disorder

MalaCards integrated aliases for Acute Stress Disorder:

Name: Acute Stress Disorder ¹² ¹⁵

Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute ⁷⁴

Stress Disorders, Traumatic ⁷⁴

Traumatic Stress Disorder ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:6088

ICD9CM ³⁶ 308.3

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0029488 C0038441 C0236816

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Summaries for Acute Stress Disorder

Disease Ontology : ¹² An anxiety disorder that has symptom flashbacks, has symptom bad dreams, has symptom frightening thoughts, has symptom avoidance or has symptom hyperarousal of PTSD occurring within one month of a traumatic experience as Acute Stress Disorder or ASD.

MalaCards based summary : Acute Stress Disorder, also known as stress disorders, traumatic, acute, is related to combat disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, and has symptoms including flashbacks, bad dreams and frightening thoughts. An important gene associated with Acute Stress Disorder is CRP (C-Reactive Protein). The drugs Sertraline and Hydromorphone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, heart and eye, and related phenotype is digestive/alimentary.

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Related Diseases for Acute Stress Disorder

Diseases related to Acute Stress Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 156)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	combat disorder	30.2	ACKR1 ASPH DIS3 MST1 TRAF3IP2
2	post-traumatic stress disorder	30.1	BDNF CRP
3	drug dependence	29.3	ACKR1 BDNF
4	anxiety	11.6
5	disease of mental health	10.5
6	pain - chronic	10.4
7	major depressive disorder	10.4
8	schizophrenia	10.3
9	personality disorder	10.3
10	aging	10.3
11	bipolar disorder	10.3
12	borderline personality disorder	10.3
13	obsessive-compulsive disorder	10.2
14	dementia	10.2
15	fibromyalgia	10.2
16	alcohol dependence	10.2
17	breast cancer	10.2
18	sleep apnea	10.2
19	alexithymia	10.2
20	mental depression	10.2
21	multiple personality disorder	10.1
22	substance abuse	10.1
23	panic disorder	10.1
24	myocardial infarction	10.1
25	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	10.1
26	asthma	10.1
27	pol iii-related leukodystrophies	10.1
28	sexual disorder	10.1
29	heart disease	10.1
30	generalized anxiety disorder	10.1
31	brain injury	10.1
32	traumatic brain injury	10.1
33	alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation syndrome	10.1
34	adjustment disorder	10.1
35	irritable bowel syndrome	10.1
36	head injury	10.1
37	headache	10.1
38	depression	10.0
39	alzheimer disease	10.0
40	arteries, anomalies of	10.0
41	migraine with or without aura 1	10.0
42	autism	10.0
43	coronary artery anomaly	10.0
44	spinal cord injury	10.0
45	amnestic disorder	10.0
46	dissociative disorder	10.0
47	psychotic disorder	10.0
48	subacute delirium	10.0
49	heroin dependence	10.0
50	acute respiratory distress syndrome	10.0

Comorbidity relations with Acute Stress Disorder via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Anxiety	Hypertension, Essential
Intermediate Coronary Syndrome	Ischemic Heart Disease

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Acute Stress Disorder:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Acute Stress Disorder

Symptoms:

¹²

• flashbacks
• bad dreams

• frightening thoughts
• avoidance or has_symptom hyperarousal of ptsd occurring

UMLS symptoms related to Acute Stress Disorder:

agitation, motor restlessness, acute stress/transient/situational disturbance

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Acute Stress Disorder:

⁴⁷

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	8.92	ASPH BDNF MST1 TRAF3IP2

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Acute Stress Disorder

Drugs for Acute Stress Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 65)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Sertraline

Approved

Phase 4

79617-96-2

68617

Hydromorphone

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

466-99-9

5284570

Dexmedetomidine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

113775-47-6

5311068 68602

Ondansetron

Approved

Phase 4

99614-02-5

4595

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3

Serotonin Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Analgesics

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Narcotics

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Adrenergic Agonists

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Analgesics, Opioid

Phase 4

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Anesthetics, General

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Antiemetics

Phase 4

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4

Autonomic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3

50-67-9

5202

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 3

59729-33-8

2771

Parasympatholytics

Phase 3

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Phase 3

Antiparkinson Agents

Phase 3

Muscarinic Antagonists

Phase 3

Cholinergic Antagonists

Phase 3

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 3

Carvedilol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

72956-09-3

2585

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

525-66-6

4946

Prazosin

Approved

Phase 2

19216-56-9

4893

Atorvastatin

Approved

Phase 2

134523-00-5

60823

Calcium

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

7440-70-2

271

calcium channel blockers

Phase 2

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 2

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 2

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists

Phase 2

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists

Phase 2

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists

Phase 2

Adrenergic Antagonists

Phase 2

Protective Agents

Phase 2

Antioxidants

Phase 2

Hormones

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 47)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Evaluation of Stress Disorders	Completed	NCT00050804	Phase 4	sertraline
2	Dexmedetomidine Combined With Hydromorphone in Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy	Completed	NCT03760809	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine 0.5μg／kg;Dexmedetomidine 1μg／kg
3	Does Low Flow Anesthesia Reduce Postanaesthetic Emergence Agitation?	Recruiting	NCT03862391	Phase 4	Analgesics;Antiemetics
4	PTSD Prevention Study Examining the Efficacy of Sertraline in Burn Victims	Terminated	NCT02520726	Phase 4	Sertraline;Placebo oral capsule
5	A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Placebo vs. Ketamine For Use During Dressing Changes in Critically Ill Burn Patients	Withdrawn	NCT02336308	Phase 4	Ketamine;Placebo, Normal Saline
6	Study Testing if Fast or Slow rTMS is Better for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	Active, not recruiting	NCT02158663	Phase 2, Phase 3
7	SSRI Administration to Reduce Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Prevent Depression and PTSD in Physical Trauma Victims	Terminated	NCT00114374	Phase 3	Escitalopram
8	Carvedilol Versus Placebo for Treatment in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)	Unknown status	NCT01221792	Phase 2	Carvedilol;Placebo
9	Propranolol for the Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder	Completed	NCT00069355	Phase 2	Propranolol
10	Explorative Open Label Study of Efficacy Profile of Neurexan® in Experimental Acute Stress Setting in Healthy Subjects	Completed	NCT01703832	Phase 1, Phase 2	Neurexan®
11	Explorative Efficacy Profile of Neurexan® in an Experimental Acute Stress Setting in Healthy Subjects	Completed	NCT01703819	Phase 1, Phase 2	Neurexan®
12	Neuronal Correlates of Neurexan® Action in Mildly to Moderately Stressed Probands	Completed	NCT02602275	Phase 2	Neurexan®
13	Efficacy of Prazosin in Preventing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	Recruiting	NCT03045016	Phase 2	Prazosin, ALPRESS® LP 2,5 et 5 mg
14	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders in Police, Correctional Service Officers, and 911 Operators	Recruiting	NCT03152175	Phase 2	Propranolol Hydrochloride;Placebo
15	Mission Connect Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Integrated Clinical Protocol	Terminated	NCT01013870	Phase 2	Atorvastatin;Placebo
16	Virtual Reality for Burn Wound Care Pain Control	Unknown status	NCT00663013	Not Applicable
17	Early Prevention of PTSD in Patients Within One Week of Acute Physical Trauma	Unknown status	NCT02915497	Not Applicable
18	Behavioral Treatments for Acute Stress Disorder In Firefighters	Completed	NCT00183508	Not Applicable
19	Psychological Interventions in Children After Road Traffic Accidents or Burns	Completed	NCT01085370	Not Applicable
20	Prevention of Intrusive Memories and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After Emergency Cesarean Section	Completed	NCT02502513	Not Applicable
21	Family Communication and Support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit	Completed	NCT02144779	Not Applicable
22	Pilot Trial of Inpatient Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide in Military Personnel	Completed	NCT01356186	Not Applicable
23	Intervention to Decrease Anxiety in Parents of Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)	Completed	NCT00186472	Not Applicable
24	Prevention of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder by Telephone Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	Completed	NCT00889005	Not Applicable
25	Preventing Long Term Psychiatric Disability Among Those With Major Burn Injuries	Completed	NCT00988104	Not Applicable
26	Effect of Nature Based Sounds' Intervention on Agitation and Anxiety of Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units.	Completed	NCT03213782	Not Applicable
27	Emotion And Symptom-focused Engagement (EASE): An Intervention for Individuals With Acute Leukemia	Completed	NCT02353559	Not Applicable
28	Early Detection of Patients at Risk of Developing a Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After a Stay in Intensive Care Unit	Completed	NCT03278171
29	Improving Psychological Distress Among Critical Illness Survivors and Their Caregivers	Completed	NCT01983254	Not Applicable
30	Prevention of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Trauma by Attention Control Training	Completed	NCT02591485	Not Applicable
31	Dexmedetomidine Versus Midazolam for Facilitating Extubation	Completed	NCT00744380	Not Applicable	Midazolam;Dexmedetomidine
32	Intervention to Reduce Stress in 0-5 Year Olds With Burns	Completed	NCT00844896	Not Applicable
33	Plasticity of the Compassionate Brain	Completed	NCT01833104	Not Applicable
34	Early Prevention of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Completed	NCT02004743	Not Applicable
35	DEPITAC : Short Screening Scale for Psychotraumatic Disorders After Motor Vehicle Accident	Completed	NCT01200628
36	Effect of Tyrosine Supplementation on Cognitive Performance and Mood During Military Stress	Completed	NCT01913925	Not Applicable
37	Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial	Recruiting	NCT03576586	Not Applicable
38	Intensiva 2.0: Improve the Communication Towards Families of Critically Ill Patients	Recruiting	NCT03438175	Not Applicable
39	Probabilistic Risk Modeling for Disorder Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD) After the Attacks in Paris In November 2015	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02853513
40	GASA-CIR Trail (Guidance and the Symptoms of Acute Stress and Anxiety in Critically Ill Patients Relatives in Intensive Care Unit)	Not yet recruiting	NCT03812458	Not Applicable
41	Predictive Factors of PTSD in Adults Admitted to an Emergency Service	Not yet recruiting	NCT03615014	Not Applicable
42	The Visiting Child and His Family in ICU	Not yet recruiting	NCT03954522	Not Applicable
43	Online Psychoeducation for the Prevention of PTSD	Not yet recruiting	NCT03496714	Not Applicable
44	Promoting Maternal Mental Health and Wellbeing in Neonatal Intensive Care	Not yet recruiting	NCT03942627	Not Applicable
45	Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Related Problems	Not yet recruiting	NCT03019497	Not Applicable
46	Anxiety Reduction Treatment for Acute Trauma	Terminated	NCT02315378	Not Applicable
47	Hair Cortisol Level as a Predictor of PTSD Development	Withdrawn	NCT01804426

Search NIH Clinical Center for Acute Stress Disorder

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Genetic Tests for Acute Stress Disorder

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Anatomical Context for Acute Stress Disorder

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Acute Stress Disorder:

⁴²

Brain, Heart, Eye, Prostate, Testes, Cortex, Bone

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Publications for Acute Stress Disorder

Articles related to Acute Stress Disorder:

(show top 50) (show all 195)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Prevalence Rates of Acute Stress Disorder Symptomatology and Association to Juvenile Crime Involvement. ( 30737296 )	Pagan BT...Coker KL	2019
2	High cortisol awakening response in the aftermath of workplace violence exposure moderates the association between acute stress disorder symptoms and PTSD symptoms. ( 30903990 )	Marin MF...Guay S	2019
3	Acute stress disorder and C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ( 29488809 )	Seferovi? PM...Risti? AD	2018
4	Acute stress disorder and C-reactive protein in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ( 29243511 )	Bielas H...von K?nel R	2018
5	Prevalence of acute stress disorder among road traffic accident survivors: a meta-analysis. ( 29895273 )	Dai W...Wen SW	2018
6	Treatment of acute stress disorder for victims of violent crime. ( 30089232 )	Guay S...Marchand A	2018
7	Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder and depression following violence related injury treated at the emergency department: a systematic review. ( 30253782 )	Ophuis RH...Haagsma JA	2018
8	The Current Evidence for Acute Stress Disorder. ( 30315408 )	Bryant RA	2018
9	Impaired Executive Functioning of Sexual Assault Survivors with Acute Stress Disorder. ( 30332748 )	Park SM...Jung HY	2018
10	Trauma-Related Context Increases Sleep Disturbances in People with Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms. ( 27062710 )	Grossman ES...Shrira A	2017
11	Posterior and prefrontal contributions to the development posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity: an fMRI study of symptom provocation in acute stress disorder. ( 27455992 )	Cwik JC...Seitz RJ	2017
12	Trauma memory characteristics and the development of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in youth. ( 27467024 )	McKinnon A...Nixon RD	2017
13	Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers. ( 28135019 )	Meiser-Stedman R...Dalgleish T	2017
14	Acute stress disorder symptoms after evaluation for acute coronary syndrome predict 30-day readmission. ( 28377184 )	Sumner JA...Edmondson D	2017
15	Exploring DSM-5 criterion A in Acute Stress Disorder symptoms following natural disaster. ( 28709061 )	Lavenda O...Hoffman Y	2017
16	Acute stress disorder. ( 28813311 )	Bryant RA	2017
17	Acute stress disorder and defense mechanisms: a study of physical trauma patients admitted to an emergency hospital. ( 29211115 )	Santana MRM...Freitas LH	2017
18	Gender Differences in the Prediction of Acute Stress Disorder From Peritraumatic Dissociation and Distress Among Victims of Violent Crimes. ( 29294663 )	Boisclair Demarble J...Guay S	2017
19	Acute stress disorder among civilians during a war and post-traumatic growth six years later: the impact of personal and social resources. ( 26000657 )	Boehm-Tabib E	2016
20	Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict All-Cause Mortality Among Myocardial Infarction Patients: a 15-Year Longitudinal Study. ( 26507907 )	Ginzburg K...Bleich A	2016
21	Perception of a hectic hospital environment at admission relates to acute stress disorder symptoms in myocardial infarction patients. ( 26725540 )	Meister RE...von K?nel R	2016
22	Predicting the Transition From Acute Stress Disorder to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children With Severe Injuries. ( 26776839 )	Brown RC...Saxe G	2016
23	Cognitive Load Undermines Thought Suppression in Acute Stress Disorder. ( 27157032 )	Nixon RD...Rackebrandt J	2016
24	Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress: A longitudinal study of Chinese children exposed to the Lushan earthquake. ( 27329012 )	Zhou P...Hannak W	2016
25	The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma-exposed children and adolescents. ( 27472990 )	McKinnon A...Dalgleish T	2016
26	Beyond Bounds of Reality: Acute Stress Disorder Presenting with Delusional Misidentification Syndromes. ( 28163527 )	Subramanian K...Rajan TM	2016
27	Resilience as a correlate of acute stress disorder symptoms in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ( 26568834 )	Meister RE...von K?nel R	2015
28	Assessing DSM-5 latent subtypes of acute stress disorder dissociative or intrusive? ( 25535010 )	Armour C...Hansen M	2015
29	A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and DSM-5 acute stress disorder definitions to predict posttraumatic stress disorder and related disorders. ( 25562379 )	Bryant RA...Forbes D	2015
30	Examining the Latent Structure of Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms in Filipino-Victims of a Flashflood Disaster. ( 25575912 )	Mordeno IG...Cue MP	2015
31	Acute stress disorder modifies cerebral activity of amygdala and prefrontal cortex. ( 25599382 )	Reynaud E...Khalfa S	2015
32	Utilizing Telehealth to Support Treatment of Acute Stress Disorder in a Theater of War: Prolonged Exposure via Clinical Videoconferencing. ( 25764266 )	Pelton D...Tuerk P	2015
33	Association between Media Use, Acute Stress Disorder and Psychological Distress. ( 26022976 )	Goodwin R...Ben-Ezra M	2015
34	Corrections. Pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 26303542 )	Sijbrandij M...Cuijpers P	2015
35	Pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 26360285 )	Sijbrandij M...Cuijpers P	2015
36	Does acute stress disorder predict subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder in pediatric burn survivors? ( 26581092 )	Rosenberg L...Meyer WJ	2015
37	Thought control strategies and rumination in youth with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following single-event trauma. ( 24521228 )	Meiser-Stedman R...Smith P	2014
38	Posterior Midline Activation during Symptom Provocation in Acute Stress Disorder: An fMRI Study. ( 24847285 )	Cwik JC...Seitz RJ	2014
39	Different profiles of acute stress disorder differentially predict posttraumatic stress disorder in a large sample of female victims of sexual trauma. ( 24978131 )	Shevlin M...Elklit A	2014
40	How to help women at risk for acute stress disorder after childbirth. ( 25495965 )	Hall MF	2014
41	Possible Risk Factors for Acute Stress Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After an Industrial Explosion. ( 28360591 )	Taymur ?...Demirel B	2014
42	Predictors of acute stress disorder severity. ( 23466400 )	Suliman S...Seedat S	2013
43	Persistent fear of aftershocks, impairment of working memory, and acute stress disorder predict post-traumatic stress disorder: 6-month follow-up of help seekers following the L'Aquila earthquake. ( 24324929 )	Roncone R...Casacchia M	2013
44	Response inhibition and cognitive appraisal in clients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. ( 24454421 )	Abolghasemi A...Narimani M	2013
45	Does acute stress disorder predict posttraumatic stress disorder following bank robbery? ( 22829214 )	Hansen M...Elklit A	2013
46	Acute stress disorder versus chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: inhibition of fear as a function of time since trauma. ( 22907890 )	Jovanovic T...Norrholm SD	2013
47	Associative memory impairment in acute stress disorder: characteristics and time course. ( 23312478 )	Guez J...Shalev H	2013
48	The latent factor structure of acute stress disorder following bank robbery: testing alternative models in light of the pending DSM-5. ( 23398114 )	Hansen M...Elklit A	2013
49	The capacity of acute stress disorder to predict posttraumatic psychiatric disorders. ( 22088925 )	Bryant RA...McFarlane AC	2012
50	Symptoms of acute stress disorder in mothers of premature infants. ( 22864005 )	Jubinville J...Lacaze-Masmonteil T	2012

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Genes for Acute Stress Disorder

Genes related to Acute Stress Disorder (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	16.51	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	DIS3	DIS3 Homolog, Exosome Endoribonuclease And 3'-5' Exoribonuclease	Protein Coding	15.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	ACKR1	Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 (Duffy Blood Group)	Protein Coding	15.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	MST1	Macrophage Stimulating 1	Protein Coding	14.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	TRAF3IP2	TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2	Protein Coding	14.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	14.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	ASPH	Aspartate Beta-Hydroxylase	Protein Coding	14.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Acute Stress Disorder

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Expression for Acute Stress Disorder

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Acute Stress Disorder.

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Pathways for Acute Stress Disorder

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GO Terms for Acute Stress Disorder

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Sources for Acute Stress Disorder

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia