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CAFBN
MCID: AFB002
MIFTS: 65

Afibrinogenemia, Congenital (CAFBN)

Categories: Blood diseases, Genetic diseases, Immune diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

Name: Afibrinogenemia, Congenital 56 29 13 6 39
Afibrinogenemia 52 25 36 29 54 6 43 71
Congenital Afibrinogenemia 12 74 52 25 73 54 15
Familial Afibrinogenemia 25 58
Complement Factor I Deficiency 71
Hypofibrinogenemia, Congenital 56
Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia 71
Familial Hypofibrinogenemia 58
Afibrinogenemia Congenital 52
Fibrinogen Deficiency 12
Factor I Deficiency 12
Hypofibrinogenemia 71
Cafbn 73

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
familial afibrinogenemia
Inheritance: Autosomal recessive; Age of onset: Infancy,Neonatal;
familial hypofibrinogenemia
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant; Age of onset: All ages;

OMIM:

56
Inheritance:
autosomal recessive


HPO:

31
afibrinogenemia, congenital:
Inheritance autosomal recessive inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases Neuronal diseases Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare haematological diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:2236
OMIM 56 202400
KEGG 36 H00222
MeSH 43 D000347
NCIt 49 C98130
ICD10 via Orphanet 33 D68.2
UMLS via Orphanet 72 C2584774
UMLS 71 C0001733 C0553681 C2584774 more
Sources

Summaries for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

About this section
OMIM : 56 Inherited disorders of fibrinogen affect either the quantity (afibrinogenemia and hypofibrinogenemia; 202400) or the quality (dysfibrinogenemia; 616004) of the circulating fibrinogen or both (hypodysfibrinogenemia; see 616004). Afibrinogenemia is characterized by the complete absence of immunoreactive fibrinogen. Bleeding due to afibrinogenemia usually manifests in the neonatal period, with 85% of cases presenting umbilical cord bleeding, but a later age of onst is not unusual. Bleeding may occur in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or the central nervous system, with intracranial hemorrhage being reported as the major cause of death. Patients are susceptible to spontaneous rupture of the spleen. Menstruating women may experience menometrorrhagia. First-trimester abortion is common. Both arterial and venous thromboembolic complications have been reported (summary by de Moerloose and Neerman-Arbez, 2009). Hypofibrinogenemia is characterized by reduced amounts of immunoreactive fibrinogen. Patients are often heterozygous carriers of afibrinogenemia mutations and are usually asymptomatic. However, they may bleed when exposed to trauma or if they have a second associated hemostatic abnormality. Women may experience miscarriages. Liver disease occurs in rare cases (summary by de Moerloose and Neerman-Arbez, 2009). (202400)

MalaCards based summary : Afibrinogenemia, Congenital, also known as afibrinogenemia, is related to complement factor i deficiency and complement factor h deficiency. An important gene associated with Afibrinogenemia, Congenital is FGG (Fibrinogen Gamma Chain), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Complement and coagulation cascades and Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+. The drugs Hemostatics and Thrombin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, brain and spleen, and related phenotypes are joint swelling and gingival bleeding

Genetics Home Reference : 25 Congenital afibrinogenemia is a bleeding disorder caused by impairment of the blood clotting process. Normally, blood clots protect the body after an injury by sealing off damaged blood vessels and preventing further blood loss. However, bleeding is uncontrolled in people with congenital afibrinogenemia. Newborns with this condition often experience prolonged bleeding from the umbilical cord stump after birth. Nosebleeds (epistaxis) and bleeding from the gums or tongue are common and can occur after minor trauma or in the absence of injury (spontaneous bleeding). Some affected individuals experience bleeding into the spaces between joints (hemarthrosis) or the muscles (hematoma). Rarely, bleeding in the brain or other internal organs occurs, which can be fatal. Women with congenital afibrinogenemia can have abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia). Without proper treatment, women with this disorder may have difficulty carrying a pregnancy to term, resulting in repeated miscarriages.

NIH Rare Diseases : 52 Afibrinogenemia , sometimes called congenital afibrinogenemia, is an inherited blood disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. It occurs when there is a lack (deficiency) of a protein called fibrinogen (or coagulation factor I), which is needed for the blood to clot. Affected individuals may be susceptible to severe bleeding (hemorrhaging) episodes, particularly during infancy and childhood. Afibrinogenemia is thought to be transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait . Treatment may include cryoprecipitate (a blood product containing concentrated fibrinogen and other clotting factors), fibrinogen (RiaSTAP) or plasma (the liquid portion of the blood which contains clotting factors).

KEGG : 36 Congenital fibrinogen defects caused by mutation of any of fibrinogen genes (FGA, FGB, and FGG) include both quantitative defects (type I deficiencies or afibrinogenemia) and qualitative defects (type II deficiencies or dysfibrinogenemia). Fibrinogen deficiency and dysfunction are associated with bleeding or thrombosis.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 73 Congenital afibrinogenemia: Rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen.

Wikipedia : 74 Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare, genetically inherited blood fibrinogen disorder in which the blood... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Diseases related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 303)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 complement factor i deficiency 34.6 CR1 CFP CFI C3
2 complement factor h deficiency 32.3 CFI CD46
3 spinal cord infarction 31.1 SERPINC1 F2
4 giant hemangioma 30.5 SERPINC1 F3 F2
5 protein c deficiency 30.4 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 F2 CFP
6 budd-chiari syndrome 30.4 SERPINC1 FGB F3 F2
7 vitamin k deficiency bleeding 30.4 SERPINC1 F8 F3 F2
8 bernard-soulier syndrome 30.3 VWF FGA F8 F2
9 meningitis 30.3 CFP CFI CD46 C3
10 purpura fulminans 30.2 SERPINF2 SERPINC1 F3 F2
11 neisseria meningitidis infection 30.1 CFP CD46 C3
12 portal vein thrombosis 30.1 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT F2
13 intracranial hypertension 30.1 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 FGA F3 F2
14 genetic atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome 30.0 CFI CD46 C3
15 peritonitis 30.0 SERPINE1 F2 CR1
16 enterocolitis 30.0 CFI CD46 C3
17 glomerulonephritis 29.9 CR1 CFP CFI CD46 C3
18 meningococcemia 29.8 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 CFP
19 dysfibrinogenemia, congenital 29.8 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG FGB FGA F2
20 von willebrand's disease 29.8 VWF PLAT F8 F3 F2 F11
21 bacterial meningitis 29.7 CR1 CFP C3
22 meningococcal meningitis 29.7 CFP CFHR2 C3
23 thrombophilia due to thrombin defect 29.7 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT F8 F3 F2
24 purpura 29.7 VWF SERPINC1 F3 F2 C3
25 complement deficiency 29.7 CFP CFI CFHR2 CD46 C3
26 atherosclerosis susceptibility 29.6 VWF SERPINE1 PLAT F3
27 factor xiii deficiency 29.4 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 F8 F3
28 pulmonary hypertension 29.2 VWF SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT F3 F2
29 complement component 3 deficiency 29.2 CR1 CFP CFHR2 CD46 C3
30 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 29.1 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINC1 PLAT F3 CFI
31 acute promyelocytic leukemia 29.0 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT F3 F2
32 systemic lupus erythematosus 28.5 VWF SERPINE1 F3 F2 CR1 CFI
33 pulmonary embolism 28.5 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGB
34 thrombocytopenia 28.4 VWF SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGA F3
35 thrombosis 28.3 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
36 blood coagulation disease 28.3 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 F8 F3
37 disseminated intravascular coagulation 28.1 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGA
38 myocardial infarction 28.0 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGB
39 thrombophilia 28.0 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
40 insulin-like growth factor i 12.3
41 obsolete: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with i factor anomaly 11.6
42 hypofibrinogenemia, familial 11.2
43 femoral vein thrombophlebitis 10.6 FGG F2
44 gastric hemangioma 10.5 F3 F2
45 renal pelvis squamous cell carcinoma 10.5 F3 F2
46 vulvar angiokeratoma 10.5 SERPINC1 F3
47 sudden sensorineural hearing loss 10.5 SERPINC1 F2
48 emphysematous cholecystitis 10.5 F3 F2
49 colon leiomyoma 10.5 FGG FGB FGA
50 fainting 10.5 VWF F8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:



Diseases related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Human phenotypes related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

58 31 (show all 10)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 joint swelling 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001386
2 gingival bleeding 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%),Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000225
3 gastrointestinal hemorrhage 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0002239
4 epistaxis 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%),Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0000421
5 spontaneous abortion 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0005268
6 menometrorrhagia 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0400008
7 cerebral hemorrhage 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001342
8 abnormal bleeding 58 31 Very frequent (99-80%),Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001892
9 hypofibrinogenemia 31 HP:0011900
10 splenic rupture 31 HP:0012223

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

56
Abdomen:
splenic rupture

Lab:
afibrinogenemia

Heme:
blood completely incoagulable
bleeding mild to severe
osseous hemorrhage
hepatic hemorrhage

Clinical features from OMIM:

202400

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.21 C3 CD46 CFP F10 F11 F2
2 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.16 C3 CFI CFP F10 F11 F2
3 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.1 C3 CFI F11 F2 F3 F8
4 immune system MP:0005387 9.93 C3 CFP F11 F2 F3 F8
5 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.8 C3 CFP F10 F11 F2 F3
6 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.32 C3 CD46 F10 F2 F8 FGA
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Drugs for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 40)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1 Hemostatics Phase 4
2
Thrombin Approved, Investigational Phase 3
3
Tranexamic Acid Approved Phase 3 1197-18-8 5526
4 Coagulants Phase 3
5 Protamines Phase 3
6 Antifibrinolytic Agents Phase 3
7
Sodium citrate Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 68-04-2
8
Sirolimus Approved, Investigational Phase 2 53123-88-9 5284616 6436030 46835353
9
tannic acid Approved Phase 2 1401-55-4
10
Miconazole Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 22916-47-8 4189
11
Benzocaine Approved, Investigational Phase 2 94-09-7, 1994-09-7 2337
12
Vincristine Approved, Investigational Phase 2 57-22-7, 2068-78-2 5978
13
Everolimus Approved Phase 2 159351-69-6 6442177 70789204
14
Citric acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 1, Phase 2 77-92-9 311
15 Citrate Phase 1, Phase 2
16 Antivenins Phase 2
17 Immunologic Factors Phase 2
18 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 2
19 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 2
20 Antifungal Agents Phase 2
21 Antimitotic Agents Phase 2
22 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 2
23 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 2
24
Arginine Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 1, Phase 2 74-79-3 6322
25
Etoposide Approved 33419-42-0 36462
26
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 1177-87-3
27
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 50-02-2 5743
28 Complement Factor I
29 Antiemetics
30 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
31 Gastrointestinal Agents
32 Etoposide phosphate
33 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
34 glucocorticoids
35 Topoisomerase Inhibitors
36 BB 1101
37 Autonomic Agents
38 Hormone Antagonists
39 Hormones
40 Thromboplastin

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 34)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Role of Human Fibrinogen Concentrate (RiaSTAP) in Decreasing Blood Loss and the Need for Component Blood Therapy in Infants Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Completed NCT02822599 Phase 4 RiaStAP;Saline
2 Early Administration of Fibrinogen Concentrate in Polytraumatized Patients With Thromboelastometry Suggestive of Hypofibrinogenemia: a Randomized Feasibility Trial Completed NCT02864875 Phase 4 Fibrinogen concentrate
3 A Phase IV, Randomized, Single Center, Parallel Group Trial of Human Fibrinogen Concentrate (Haemocomplettan) in the Treatment of Dilutional Coagulopathy During Major Pediatric Surgery Completed NCT01487837 Phase 4 Human fibrinogen concentrate
4 Repurposing of Fibrinogen Concentrate as a Cost-Effective and Safe Hemostatic Agent in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass Completed NCT03014700 Phase 4
5 Clinical Pharmacology, Efficacy and Safety Study of FGTW in Paediatric Patients With Severe Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Completed NCT02094430 Phase 2, Phase 3 biological: human fibrinogen concentrate
6 Prospective, Open-label, Uncontrolled, Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Octafibrin for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding and to Prevent Bleeding During and After Surgery in Subjects With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Completed NCT02267226 Phase 3 Octafibrin
7 Prospective, Open-label, Uncontrolled, Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic of Octafibrin for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding and to Prevent Bleeding During and After Surgery in Paediatric Subjects With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Completed NCT02408484 Phase 3
8 Efficacy and Safety of Haemocomplettan® P in Patients Experiencing Microvascular Bleeding While Undergoing Elective Complex Cardiac Surgery Completed NCT01124981 Phase 2, Phase 3 Haemocomplettan® P;Human albumin (Placebo)
9 Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Active-control, Non-inferiority Study Comparing Fibrinogen Concentrate With Cryoprecipitate for the Treatment of Acquired Hypofibrinogenemia in Bleeding Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients Completed NCT03037424 Phase 3 Octafibrin;Cryoprecipitate
10 A Prospective, Open-label, Phase I/III Study Investigating Pharmacokinetic Properties of BT524 and Efficacy and Safety of BT524 in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bleeding in Patients With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Recruiting NCT02065882 Phase 3
11 Optimized Administration of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) vs. Standard Transfusion During/After Heart Transplantation - OPSTAHT Recruiting NCT03341156 Phase 3 Kcentra;Frozen Plasma Product, Human
12 Transfusion of Red Blood Cells, Tranexamic Acid and Fibrinogen Concentrate for Severe Trauma Hemorrhage at Pre-hospital Phase of Care. a Pilot Trial Recruiting NCT04149171 Phase 3 with red blood cells (RBC), Tranexamic acid (TXA) and Fibrinogen Concentrate (FC),administration of Crystalloids and TXA.;conventional treatment
13 Efficacy and Safety of Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) (FCH) for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding in Subjects With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Withdrawn NCT00916656 Phase 3
14 Pharmacokinetics of Haemocomplettan® P in Subjects With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Completed NCT00496262 Phase 2
15 A Prospective, Controlled, Randomised, Crossover Study Investigating the Pharmacokinetic Properties, Surrogate Efficacy and Safety of Octafibrin Compared to Haemocomplettan® P/RiaSTAPTM in Patients With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Completed NCT01575756 Phase 2
16 Fibrinogen in the Initial Resuscitation of Severe Trauma (FiiRST): a Randomized Feasibility Trial Completed NCT02203968 Phase 1, Phase 2 Fibrinogen concentrate;Placebo Comparator
17 A Comparison of Anavip and CroFab in the Treatment of Subjects With Crotalinae (Pit Viper) Envenomation: A Randomized, Prospective, Open-Label, Controlled, Comparative, Multicenter Study Completed NCT00868309 Phase 2
18 Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of Human Plasma-Derived Fibrinogen (FIB Grifols) in Patients With Congenital Afibrinogenemia Recruiting NCT02281500 Phase 1, Phase 2
19 Semiselective Immunoadsorption and Membrane Filtration for Desensitization in ABO-incompatible Kidney Transplantation - a Phase 2 Pilot Study Recruiting NCT02120482 Phase 2
20 A Randomized Phase 2 Study of Vincristine Versus Sirolimus to Treat High Risk Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma (KHE). Active, not recruiting NCT02110069 Phase 2 Vincristine;Sirolimus
21 RiaSTAP vs. Conventional Transfusion for Patients Undergoing Valve Replacement Surgery: RiaCT Terminated NCT01283321 Phase 2 Human fibrinogen concentrate
22 Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence of Coagulation Factors Deficiency in Children Attending Assiut University Children Hospital ( a One Year Study) Unknown status NCT03273998
23 A Multicenter Study on the Retrospective Safety and Efficacy of Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) (FCH) for Routine Prophylaxis, Treatment of Bleeding or Surgery in Subjects With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency With a Prospective Followup Component Completed NCT02427217
24 Can we Define a Clinical Score for Predicting of Hypofibrinogenemia in Severe Trauma Completed NCT03020849
25 What Are the Effects of Fibrinogen Concentrate Administration on Biological Parameters Completed NCT03944382
26 Shock Index To DEtect Low Plasma Fibrinogen In Trauma (SIDE) Completed NCT02619539
27 Obstetric Outcomes of Women Suffering From Hereditary Fibrinogen Disorders Recruiting NCT03920332
28 A Prospective Cohort for Subjects With Adult Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Like Syndrome Recruiting NCT03117010 Steroids;Etoposide
29 Rotational Thromboelastometry for the Transfusion Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal or Cesarean Delivery Recruiting NCT03064152
30 Glycosylated Ferritin in Differential Diagnosis of Still's Disease, Sepsis and Other Macrophagic Activation Syndromes. Recruiting NCT02143986
31 Quality of Life in Patients With Congenital Afibrinogenemia Active, not recruiting NCT03484065
32 Post-marketing Observational Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Fibryga in Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency Not yet recruiting NCT03793426
33 Bedside Assessment of Coagulation in Post-partum Hemorrhage by Thromboelastography (TEG ®6S) Not yet recruiting NCT03592303
34 Trial of RiaSTAP Versus Cryoprecipitate to Lower Operative Transfusions (TOP-CLOT) Terminated NCT02540434 RiaSTAP

Search NIH Clinical Center for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


Fibrinogen
FIBRINOGEN,I-125

Cochrane evidence based reviews: afibrinogenemia

Sources

Genetic Tests for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Genetic tests related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Afibrinogenemia 29 CFI
2 Afibrinogenemia, Congenital 29 FGA FGB FGG
Sources

Anatomical Context for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

40
Liver, Brain, Spleen, Skin, Tongue, Placenta, Testes
Sources

Publications for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

About this section

Articles related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

(show top 50) (show all 698)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Mutations in the fibrinogen aalpha gene account for the majority of cases of congenital afibrinogenemia. 56 6 54 61
10891444 2000
2
Missense or splicing mutation? The case of a fibrinogen Bbeta-chain mutation causing severe hypofibrinogenemia. 6 56
15070683 2004
3
The molecular basis of quantitative fibrinogen disorders. 54 61 56
16999847 2006
4
Molecular analysis of the fibrinogen gene cluster in 16 patients with congenital afibrinogenemia: novel truncating mutations in the FGA and FGG genes. 56 61 54
11354637 2001
5
Congenital fibrinogen disorders. 56 61
19598064 2009
6
Congenital afibrinogenemia: first identification of splicing mutations in the fibrinogen Bbeta-chain gene causing activation of cryptic splice sites. 6 61
12393540 2002
7
Analysis of Iranian patients allowed the identification of the first truncating mutation in the fibrinogen Bbeta-chain gene causing afibrinogenemia. 6 61
12161363 2002
8
Afibrinogenemia: first identification of a splicing mutation in the fibrinogen gamma chain gene leading to a major gamma chain truncation. 6 61
11001902 2000
9
A G-to-A mutation in IVS-3 of the human gamma fibrinogen gene causing afibrinogenemia due to abnormal RNA splicing. 61 6
11001903 2000
10
Missense mutations in the human beta fibrinogen gene cause congenital afibrinogenemia by impairing fibrinogen secretion. 61 6
10666208 2000
11
Deletion of the fibrinogen [correction of fibrogen] alpha-chain gene (FGA) causes congenital afibrogenemia. 56 61
9916133 1999
12
Failure of DDAVP to shorten the prolonged bleeding time of two patients with congenital afibrinogenemia. 6 61
1471077 1992
13
Congenital afibrinogenemia in 10 offspring of uncle-niece marriages. 56 61
7363509 1980
14
Afibrinogenemia with intracerebral hematoma. Report of a successfully treated case. 56 61
855840 1977
15
Congenital afibrinogenemia. A case report with some considerations on the hereditary transmission of this disorder. 56 61
5561958 1971
16
[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in congenital afibrinogenemia]. 56 61
5577071 1971
17
[CONGENITAL AFIBRINOGENEMIA]. 56 61
14061913 1963
18
[Congenital afibrinogenemia; report of a case with multiple bone cysts and formation of a specific antibody (anti fibrinogen) following blood transfusion]. 61 56
13137907 1954
19
Congenital afibrinogenemia; report of a case. 61 56
13036995 1953
20
Umbilical bleeding: a presenting feature for congenital afibrinogenemia. 52 61
26407137 2015
21
Pseudo-exon activation caused by a deep-intronic mutation in the fibrinogen gamma-chain gene as a novel mechanism for congenital afibrinogenaemia. 6
17854317 2007
22
Severe hypodysfibrinogenemia in compound heterozygotes of the fibrinogen AalphaIVS4 + 1G>T mutation and an AalphaGln328 truncation (fibrinogen Keokuk). 6
14615374 2004
23
Congenital afibrinogenaemia in a newborn infant due to a novel mutation in the fibrinogen aalpha gene. 6
12358944 2002
24
The 11 kb FGA deletion responsible for congenital afibrinogenaemia is mediated by a short direct repeat in the fibrinogen gene cluster. 6
10602365 1999
25
Familial dysfibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Report on a study of the SSC Subcommittee on Fibrinogen. 56
7740487 1995
26
Congenital afibrinogenaemia in a Saudi family: a case report and family study. 56
6433620 1984
27
[Congenital afibrinemia in 2 brothers with bone and hepatic lesions]. 56
13929572 1963
28
[Congenital afibrinogenaemia. I]. 56
13968664 1963
29
Clinical audit of inherited bleeding disorders in a developing country. 61 54
20090222 2010
30
A novel frameshift mutation in FGA accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia predicted to encode an aberrant peptide terminating 158 amino acids downstream. 54 61
19417632 2009
31
Recurrence of the 'deep-intronic' FGG IVS6-320A>T mutation causing quantitative fibrinogen deficiency in the Italian population of Veneto. 54 61
19551918 2009
32
A deep intronic mutation in FGB creates a consensus exonic splicing enhancer motif that results in afibrinogenemia caused by aberrant mRNA splicing, which can be corrected in vitro with antisense oligonucleotide treatment. 54 61
18853456 2009
33
Menorrhagia and reproductive health in rare bleeding disorders: a study from the Indian subcontinent. 54 61
18803553 2009
34
Congenital hypofibrinogenemia: characterization of two missense mutations affecting fibrinogen assembly and secretion. 54 61
18676163 2008
35
Inherited bleeding disorders: a 14-year retrospective study. 61 54
19174980 2008
36
Molecular characterization of the first missense mutation in the fibrinogen Aalpha-chain gene identified in a compound heterozygous afibrinogenemic patient. 54 61
17531448 2007
37
Mutations in the fibrinogen gene cluster accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia: an update and report of 10 novel mutations. 54 61
17295221 2007
38
Mutational screening of six afibrinogenemic patients: identification and characterization of four novel molecular defects. 54 61
17393016 2007
39
Rare bleeding disorders. 61 54
16684009 2006
40
Solvent/detergent plasma for prevention of bleeding in recessively inherited coagulation disorders: dosing, pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy. 61 54
16670069 2006
41
[Inherited afibrinogenemia caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the beta beta-chain of fibrinogen]. 54 61
16403286 2005
42
[Congenital afibrinogenemia associated with a novel nonsense mutation in the FGA gene]. 61 54
15946522 2005
43
Expression and analysis of a split premature termination codon in FGG responsible for congenital afibrinogenemia: escape from RNA surveillance mechanisms in transfected cells. 54 61
15284111 2004
44
Congenital afibrinogenemia: identification and expression of a missense mutation in FGB impairing fibrinogen secretion. 54 61
12893758 2003
45
Prenatal diagnosis for congenital afibrinogenemia caused by a novel nonsense mutation in the FGB gene in a Palestinian family. 54 61
12511408 2003
46
Outcome of donor splice site mutations accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia reflects order of intron removal in the fibrinogen alpha gene (FGA). 54 61
12406899 2003
47
Inhibition of thrombin generation in plasma by fibrin formation (Antithrombin I). 61 54
12195697 2002
48
Fibrinogen gene mutations accounting for congenital afibrinogenemia. 61 54
11460507 2001
49
Inherited disorders of platelet alpha-granules. 61 54
16793651 1997
50
Congenital afibrinogenemia in Hasan Sadikin Hospital. 61 54
7886594 1993
Sources

Variations for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

6 (show top 50) (show all 118) ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 FGG NM_021870.2(FGG):c.901C>T (p.Arg301Cys)SNV Pathogenic 16361 rs121913087 4:155528085-155528085 4:154606933-154606933
2 FGG NM_021870.2(FGG):c.902G>A (p.Arg301His)SNV Pathogenic 16362 rs121913088 4:155528084-155528084 4:154606932-154606932
3 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.307+5G>ASNV Pathogenic 16377 rs587776838 4:155533165-155533165 4:154612013-154612013
4 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.667-320A>TSNV Pathogenic 16380 rs587776839 4:155530122-155530122 4:154608970-154608970
5 FGA NC_000004.12:g.(154580323_154580329)_(154590210_154590216)deldeletion Pathogenic 16414 4:154580323-154590216
6 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.510+1G>TSNV Pathogenic 16415 rs146387238 4:155508663-155508663 4:154587511-154587511
7 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.711dup (p.Lys238Ter)duplication Pathogenic 16417 rs606231225 4:155507870-155507870 4:154586718-154586718
8 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1022G>A (p.Trp341Ter)SNV Pathogenic 504885 rs1553965519 4:155527964-155527964 4:154606812-154606812
9 CFI NM_000204.4(CFI):c.162C>G (p.Cys54Trp)SNV Pathogenic 560185 rs1553915717 4:110687876-110687876 4:109766720-109766720
10 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.104G>C (p.Arg35Pro)SNV Pathogenic 627199 4:155510665-155510665 4:154589513-154589513
11 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.103C>A (p.Arg35Ser)SNV Pathogenic 627196 4:155510666-155510666 4:154589514-154589514
12 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.945del (p.Gly316fs)deletion Pathogenic 627159 4:155507636-155507636 4:154586484-154586484
13 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.104G>A (p.Arg35His)SNV Pathogenic 16404 rs121909607 4:155510665-155510665 4:154589513-154589513
14 CFI NM_000204.4(CFI):c.728G>A (p.Gly243Asp)SNV Pathogenic 12124 rs121964916 4:110681723-110681723 4:109760567-109760567
15 CFI CFI, 2-BP INS, 1205ATinsertion Pathogenic 12120
16 CFI CFI, IVS5DS G-A, -1SNV Pathogenic 12119
17 CFI NM_000204.4(CFI):c.1253A>T (p.His418Leu)SNV Pathogenic 12118 rs121964912 4:110667554-110667554 4:109746398-109746398
18 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.502C>T (p.Arg168Ter)SNV Pathogenic 402230 rs755117226 4:155508672-155508672 4:154587520-154587520
19 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.605T>A (p.Leu202Gln)SNV Pathogenic 16395 rs121909624 4:155488859-155488859 4:154567707-154567707
20 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.1244+1G>TSNV Pathogenic 16393 rs606231224 4:155490952-155490952 4:154569800-154569800
21 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.958+13C>TSNV Pathogenic 16392 rs606231223 4:155490472-155490472 4:154569320-154569320
22 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.1289G>A (p.Gly430Asp)SNV Pathogenic 16390 rs121909622 4:155491615-155491615 4:154570463-154570463
23 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.1148T>G (p.Leu383Arg)SNV Pathogenic 16389 rs121909621 4:155490855-155490855 4:154569703-154569703
24 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.323C>G (p.Ala108Gly)SNV Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic 547969 rs148685782 4:155533035-155533035 4:154611883-154611883
25 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.922C>T (p.Arg308Ter)SNV Likely pathogenic 627406 4:155507659-155507659 4:154586507-154586507
26 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.117del (p.Val40fs)deletion Likely pathogenic 627216 4:155510652-155510652 4:154589501-154589501
27 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.677G>T (p.Gly226Val)SNV Likely pathogenic 626936 4:155529792-155529792 4:154608640-154608640
28 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1099G>A (p.Ala367Thr)SNV Likely pathogenic 626970 4:155527887-155527887 4:154606735-154606735
29 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.963del (p.Phe321fs)deletion Likely pathogenic 627163 4:155528023-155528023 4:154606874-154606874
30 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.78+5G>ASNV Likely pathogenic 16376 rs587776837 4:155533679-155533679 4:154612527-154612527
31 FGA NM_000508.3(FGA):c.112A>G (p.Arg38Gly)SNV Likely pathogenic 16402 rs121909608 4:155510657-155510657 4:154589505-154589505
32 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.139C>T (p.Arg47Ter)SNV Likely pathogenic 16396 rs121909625 4:155486984-155486984 4:154565832-154565832
33 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1472G>A (p.Cys491Tyr)SNV Likely pathogenic 627244 4:155507109-155507109 4:154585957-154585957
34 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.130C>T (p.Arg44Cys)SNV Likely pathogenic 16382 rs121909616 4:155486975-155486975 4:154565823-154565823
35 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.794C>T (p.Pro265Leu)SNV Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity 517313 rs6054 4:155489608-155489608 4:154568456-154568456
36 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*624C>TSNV Uncertain significance 347788 rs754198978 4:155492426-155492426 4:154571274-154571274
37 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.919A>G (p.Asn307Asp)SNV Uncertain significance 347813 rs750564329 4:155507662-155507662 4:154586510-154586510
38 CFI NM_000204.4(CFI):c.1532C>T (p.Ala511Val)SNV Uncertain significance 625917 rs760801046 4:110663649-110663649 4:109742493-109742493
39 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.959G>A (p.Gly320Asp)SNV Uncertain significance 627162 4:155490666-155490666 4:154569514-154569514
40 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*496G>ASNV Uncertain significance 347785 rs557290052 4:155492298-155492298 4:154571146-154571146
41 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*1409C>ASNV Uncertain significance 347794 rs886059144 4:155493211-155493211 4:154572059-154572059
42 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*1444C>ASNV Uncertain significance 347795 rs886059145 4:155493246-155493246 4:154572094-154572094
43 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*1671C>TSNV Uncertain significance 347801 rs765773409 4:155493473-155493473 4:154572321-154572321
44 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*1738G>ASNV Uncertain significance 347802 rs760784701 4:155493540-155493540 4:154572388-154572388
45 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.*1867T>CSNV Uncertain significance 347804 rs886059148 4:155493669-155493669 4:154572517-154572517
46 FGA NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1417G>A (p.Asp473Asn)SNV Uncertain significance 347811 rs200378626 4:155507164-155507164 4:154586012-154586012
47 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.114+11deldeletion Uncertain significance 347768 rs779228767 4:155484295-155484295 4:154563143-154563143
48 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.952G>A (p.Gly318Ser)SNV Uncertain significance 627185 4:155528034-155528034 4:154606882-154606882
49 FGG NM_021870.3(FGG):c.622T>C (p.Cys208Arg)SNV Uncertain significance 627102 4:155530826-155530826 4:154609674-154609674
50 FGB NM_005141.4(FGB):c.251A>C (p.Lys84Thr)SNV Uncertain significance 347770 rs886059141 4:155487096-155487096 4:154565944-154565944

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital:

73 (show all 13)
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 FGA p.Cys55Arg VAR_072721
2 FGA p.Arg129Pro VAR_072722
3 FGA p.Cys184Trp VAR_072723
4 FGB p.Arg196Cys VAR_016908 rs121909623
5 FGB p.Leu383Arg VAR_016909 rs121909621
6 FGB p.Gly430Asp VAR_016910 rs121909622
7 FGB p.Leu202Gln VAR_072620 rs121909624
8 FGB p.Cys95Arg VAR_072724
9 FGB p.Thr407Lys VAR_072725
10 FGG p.Thr303Pro VAR_072726
11 FGG p.Asp327His VAR_072727
12 FGG p.Asn345Asp VAR_072728
13 FGG p.Arg401Trp VAR_072729 rs75848804

Sources

Expression for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital.
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Pathways for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Pathways related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital according to KEGG:

36
# Name Kegg Source Accession
1 Complement and coagulation cascades hsa04610

Pathways related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 17)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 65
Show member pathways
 13.05 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
2
Collagen chain trimerization 65
Show member pathways
 12.64 SERPINC1 FGG FGB FGA F8 F3
3
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF 65
Show member pathways
 12.15 VWF FGG FGB FGA
4
ECM-receptor interaction 36
Show member pathways
 12.03 VWF FGG FGB FGA
5
Creation of C4 and C2 activators 65
Show member pathways
 11.99 CR1 CFI CD46 C3
6
Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) 65
Show member pathways
 11.97 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
7
Immune response Lectin induced complement pathway 22
Show member pathways
 11.96 CR1 CFP CFI CD46 C3
8
Oncogenic MAPK signaling 65
Show member pathways
 11.94 VWF FGG FGB FGA
9
Platelet activation 36
11.9 VWF FGG FGB FGA F2
10
Complement Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 11.82 CR1 CFP CD46 C3
11
Integrin alphaIIb beta3 signaling 65
Show member pathways
 11.76 VWF FGG FGB FGA F2
12
Complement and coagulation cascades 1 36
11.74 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
13
Staphylococcus aureus infection 36
11.72 FGG CFI C3
14
Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling 22
11.45 PLAT FGG FGB FGA
15
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
11.43 VWF FGG FGB FGA F2
16
Dissolution of Fibrin Clot 65
10.77 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 PLAT
17
Warfarin Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
10.74 F2 F10
Sources

GO Terms for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

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Cellular components related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 plasma membrane GO:0005886 10.32 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 FGG FGB FGA F8
2 extracellular exosome GO:0070062 10.21 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
3 cell surface GO:0009986 10.13 SERPINF2 PLAT FGG FGB FGA F3
4 extracellular space GO:0005615 10.13 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG FGB
5 endoplasmic reticulum lumen GO:0005788 10.01 SERPINC1 FGG FGA F8 F2 F10
6 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.89 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
7 blood microparticle GO:0072562 9.87 SERPINF2 SERPINC1 FGG FGB FGA F2
8 platelet alpha granule GO:0031091 9.76 VWF FGG FGB FGA
9 fibrinogen complex GO:0005577 9.73 SERPINF2 FGG FGB FGA
10 platelet alpha granule lumen GO:0031093 9.7 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 FGG FGB FGA
11 intrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane GO:0031233 9.49 F3 F10
12 collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 9.36 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG

Biological processes related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 38)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 innate immune response GO:0045087 10.09 FGB FGA CR1 CFP CFI CD46
2 extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 9.99 VWF SERPINE1 FGG FGB FGA
3 cellular protein metabolic process GO:0044267 9.97 SERPINC1 FGG FGA F2 C3
4 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 9.96 SERPINF2 FGG FGB FGA
5 complement activation, classical pathway GO:0006958 9.95 CR1 CFI CD46 C3
6 negative regulation of endopeptidase activity GO:0010951 9.93 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 C3
7 platelet degranulation GO:0002576 9.91 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 FGG FGB FGA
8 platelet activation GO:0030168 9.88 VWF FGG FGB FGA F8 F2
9 regulation of complement activation GO:0030449 9.87 F2 CR1 CFP CFI CFHR2 CD46
10 cell-matrix adhesion GO:0007160 9.85 FGG FGB FGA
11 response to calcium ion GO:0051592 9.83 FGG FGB FGA
12 positive regulation of protein secretion GO:0050714 9.82 FGG FGB FGA
13 platelet aggregation GO:0070527 9.81 FGG FGB FGA
14 toll-like receptor signaling pathway GO:0002224 9.81 FGG FGB FGA
15 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000352 9.8 SERPINE1 FGG FGB FGA
16 positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading GO:1900026 9.79 FGG FGB FGA
17 acute-phase response GO:0006953 9.79 SERPINF2 F8 F2
18 positive regulation of vasoconstriction GO:0045907 9.78 FGG FGB FGA
19 negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors GO:1902042 9.78 SERPINE1 FGG FGB FGA
20 positive regulation of exocytosis GO:0045921 9.77 FGG FGB FGA
21 cellular protein-containing complex assembly GO:0034622 9.76 FGG FGB FGA
22 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 9.74 FGG FGB FGA
23 protein polymerization GO:0051258 9.73 FGG FGB FGA
24 blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway GO:0007597 9.73 VWF F8 F2 F11
25 regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030193 9.71 SERPINC1 F2 F11
26 negative regulation of fibrinolysis GO:0051918 9.7 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 F2
27 fibrinolysis GO:0042730 9.7 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 PLAT FGG FGB FGA
28 positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion GO:0090277 9.69 FGG FGB FGA
29 positive regulation of blood coagulation GO:0030194 9.67 SERPINE1 F2
30 complement activation, alternative pathway GO:0006957 9.67 CFP C3
31 positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production GO:0071636 9.67 SERPINF2 CD46
32 induction of bacterial agglutination GO:0043152 9.65 FGB FGA
33 negative regulation of plasminogen activation GO:0010757 9.65 SERPINF2 SERPINE1
34 plasminogen activation GO:0031639 9.65 PLAT FGG FGB FGA F11
35 hemostasis GO:0007599 9.65 VWF SERPINC1 FGG FGB FGA F8
36 blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation GO:0072378 9.63 FGG FGB FGA
37 blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway GO:0007598 9.62 F3 F10
38 blood coagulation GO:0007596 9.36 VWF SERPINC1 PLAT FGG FGB FGA

Molecular functions related to Afibrinogenemia, Congenital according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 protein binding GO:0005515 10.32 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 PLAT FGG
2 peptidase activity GO:0008233 9.83 PLAT F2 F11 F10 CFI
3 serine-type peptidase activity GO:0008236 9.65 PLAT F2 F11 F10 CFI
4 serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity GO:0004867 9.63 SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1
5 extracellular matrix structural constituent GO:0005201 9.62 VWF FGG FGB FGA
6 cell adhesion molecule binding GO:0050839 9.58 FGG FGB FGA
7 protease binding GO:0002020 9.55 VWF SERPINF2 SERPINE1 SERPINC1 F3
8 signaling receptor binding GO:0005102 9.5 SERPINE1 PLAT FGG FGB FGA F2
9 serine-type endopeptidase activity GO:0004252 9.1 PLAT F3 F2 F11 F10 CFI
Sources

Sources for Afibrinogenemia, Congenital

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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