Age-Related Hearing Loss disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Age-related hearing loss (also known as presbycusis) is a decrease in hearing ability that happens with age. In most cases, the hearing loss affects both ears. It can begin as early as a person's thirties or forties and worsens gradually over time.Age-related hearing loss first affects the ability to hear high-frequency sounds, such as speech. Affected people find it increasingly difficult to understand what others are saying, particularly when there is background noise (such as at a party). However, because the hearing loss is gradual, many people do not realize they cannot hear as well as they used to. They may turn up the television volume or start speaking louder without being aware of it.As the hearing loss worsens, it affects more frequencies of sound, making it difficult to hear more than just speech. Determining where a sound is coming from (localization) and identifying its source become more challenging. Some affected individuals also experience a ringing sensation in the ears (tinnitus) or dizziness and problems with balance (presbystasis).Age-related hearing loss often impacts a person's quality of life. Because affected individuals have trouble understanding speech, the condition affects their ability to communicate. It can contribute to social isolation, depression, and loss of self-esteem. Age-related hearing loss also causes safety issues if individuals become unable to hear smoke alarms, car horns, and other sounds that alert people to dangerous situations.

MalaCards based summary: Age-Related Hearing Loss, also known as presbycusis, is related to age-related hearing impairment 2 and deafness, autosomal dominant 6, and has symptoms including tinnitus An important gene associated with Age-Related Hearing Loss is ARHI1 (Age-Related Hearing Impairment 1). The drugs Duloxetine and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include cortex, kidney and brain.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Presbycusis (also spelled presbyacusis, from Greek πρέσβυς presbys "old" + ἄκουσις akousis "hearing"),... more...

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Related Diseases for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Diseases in the Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss family:

Age-Related Hearing Loss

Diseases related to Age-Related Hearing Loss via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 168)

#	Related Disease	Score
1	age-related hearing impairment 2	11.7
2	deafness, autosomal dominant 6	11.1
3	usher syndrome, type i	11.1
4	usher syndrome, type ic	11.0
5	usher syndrome, type ih	11.0
6	usher syndrome, type ij	11.0
7	usher syndrome, type ik	11.0
8	deafness, autosomal dominant 25	10.9
9	sensorineural hearing loss	10.8
10	hearing loss, noise-induced	10.5
11	dementia	10.5
12	autism spectrum disorder	10.5
13	autism	10.4
14	congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects	10.3
15	learning disability	10.3
16	children's interstitial lung disease	10.3
17	human immunodeficiency virus type 1	10.3
18	mild cognitive impairment	10.3
19	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	10.3
20	disease of mental health	10.3
21	ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 5	10.3
22	aging	10.3
23	major depressive disorder	10.3
24	speech and communication disorders	10.3
25	amyloidosis	10.3
26	hypoascorbemia	10.2
27	keratomalacia	10.2
28	nutritional deficiency disease	10.2
29	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	10.2
30	substance abuse	10.2
31	body mass index quantitative trait locus 1	10.1
32	dysphasia, familial developmental	10.1
33	pervasive developmental disorder	10.1
34	specific language impairment	10.1
35	post-traumatic stress disorder	10.1
36	alzheimer disease, familial, 1	10.1
37	oculodentodigital dysplasia	10.1
38	insulin-like growth factor i	10.1
39	lysosomal acid lipase deficiency	10.1
40	albinism-deafness syndrome	10.1
41	abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome 1	10.1
42	hypokalemia	10.1
43	49, xxxxy syndrome	10.1
44	hyperacusis	10.1
45	sudden sensorineural hearing loss	10.1
46	deafness, unilateral	10.0
47	neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2a	10.0
48	retinitis pigmentosa	10.0
49	arts syndrome	10.0
50	fanconi anemia, complementation group e	10.0

Comorbidity relations with Age-Related Hearing Loss via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis	Heart Disease
Hypertension, Essential	Schizophreniform Disorder

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Age-Related Hearing Loss

UMLS symptoms related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

tinnitus

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Drugs for Age-Related Hearing Loss (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 28)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Duloxetine

Approved

Phase 4

136434-34-9, 116539-59-4

60835

2

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

3

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

4

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-32-7, 59729-33-8

2771

5

Dexetimide

Withdrawn

Phase 4

21888-98-2

30843

6

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

7

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

8

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

9

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

10

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

11

Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

12

Analgesics

Phase 4

13

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

50-67-9

5202

14

Estradiol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

50-28-2

5757

15

Polyestradiol phosphate

Approved

28014-46-2

16

Ethanol

Approved

64-17-5

702

17

Huperzine A

Approved, Experimental

102518-79-6

18

Estradiol 3-benzoate

19

Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate

20

Hormones

21

Hormone Antagonists

22

Anti-Retroviral Agents

23

Pharmaceutical Solutions

24

Astragalus

25

Neuroprotective Agents

26

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

27

Cholinergic Agents

28

Protective Agents

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 50)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Sensation and Psychiatry: Linking Age-Related Hearing Loss to Late-Life Depression and Cognitive Decline	Completed	NCT03321006	Phase 4	Duloxetine or escitalopram
2	A Balanced, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study of the Efficacy and Safety of AUT00063 Versus Placebo in Age-Related Hearing Loss [CLARITY-1 Study]	Completed	NCT02345031	Phase 2	AUT00063;Placebo
3	Audiology Visits After Screening for Hearing Loss: An RCT	Completed	NCT00105742	Phase 2
4	RCT Study of Liuwei Dihuang Pill Preventing and Treating Presbycusis With Shen (Kidney)-Yin Deficiency	Recruiting	NCT05125081	Phase 2	Liuwei Dihuang Pill (marketed product in China);Liuwei Dihuang Pill（placebo ）
5	A Phase 1b, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose, Multicenter, Safety Study of FX-322 Administered by Intratympanic Injection in Adults With Age-Related Sensorineural Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT04601909	Phase 1	FX-322
6	The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for Hearing Impaired Individuals (RBANS-H) in Older Adults With Normal Hearing or Age-related Hearing Loss	Unknown status	NCT03208608
7	Use of Hearing Aids. Development and Implementation of a Counselling Program for Hearing Aid Users.	Unknown status	NCT02233361
8	Clinical Trial on Cognitive, Behavioural, Quality of Life and Medico-economic Benefits of Hearing Aids in Alzheimer Disease Patients Suffering From Presbycusis	Completed	NCT00488007
9	Age-Related Hearing Loss: Presbycusis & Its Neural Bases	Completed	NCT00264407		Hormone Replacement Therapy - HRT
10	Impact of Hearing Aid Technology on Self-reported Outcomes in Patients With Presbycusis - a Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT04539847
11	Evaluation of Efficacy and Patient Acceptance of Sound Amplifier Téo First, in Mild and Moderate Presbycusis Patient 60 Years of Age and Older, With no Previous Hearing Aid.	Completed	NCT01815788
12	Neurological Treatment to Improve the Hearing in Noise Abilities of Older Adults With Hearing Impairments.	Completed	NCT02147847
13	At-home Auditory Training Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01950013
14	Clinical and Imaging Biomarkers of Audiovestibular Function in Infratentorial Superficial Siderosis	Completed	NCT04200664
15	Speech-in-Noise Measures as a Predictor of Hearing Aid Outcomes	Completed	NCT00371449
16	Characterizing Variability in Hearing Aid Outcomes Among Older Adults	Completed	NCT02448706
17	Pilot Study of the Links Between Presbyacusis and Lexical Disorders in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease or Related Disease	Completed	NCT03638323
18	Assessment of e-Audiology for Providing Clinical Services and Support for Age-related Hearing Loss: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT04048460
19	Genetic Study of Age Related Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT01732289	Early Phase 1
20	Evaluating Hearing Aid Service Delivery Models	Completed	NCT01788423
21	Investigation Of the Effects Of Dual-Task And Single-Task Training In Older Adults With Age-Related Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT05190081
22	Assessment of Age-related Hearing Loss in HIV-1 Patients	Completed	NCT02154971
23	Immediate Effects of Personal Sound Amplification Products on Speech Processing	Completed	NCT05076045
24	The Baltimore HEARS Pilot Study: Hearing Health Care Equality Through Accessible Research & Solutions	Completed	NCT02045511
25	Baltimore HEARS Study: Addressing Hearing Impairment and Social Engagement Through Community-delivered Hearing Care	Completed	NCT03442296
26	Consequences of Aging and Dirtying of Microphones on the Performances of Cochlear Implants. Influence of Signal Coding	Completed	NCT02369718
27	Adaptation and Pilot Implementation of the Family Check-Up for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children	Completed	NCT03483428
28	A Parent-Directed, Multimedia Early Intervention Tool to Improve Outcomes in Underserved Children Who Are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing	Completed	NCT01753661
29	Study of the Association Between Presbycusis With the Incidence of Frailty. Intake of Polyphenols for the Prevention of Presbycusis: Effects on Frailty	Recruiting	NCT04360109
30	Mitochondrial Genetics of Presbycusis	Recruiting	NCT03720964
31	Impact of Hearing Aid Intervention on Individuals With Cognitive Disorders	Recruiting	NCT04049643
32	Cost-effective Hearing Aid Delivery Models: Outcomes, Value, and Candidacy	Recruiting	NCT03579563
33	Impact of Auditory Stimulation in Eating Pleasure : Multicentric Study With Biscuits With Crunchy Texture vs Soft Texture in 100 Seniors Affected or at Risk of Presbyacusis	Recruiting	NCT04923087
34	Longitudinal Outcomes of Over-the-Counter Hearing Aids	Recruiting	NCT04030299
35	Evaluation of Unilateral vs Bilateral Hearing Aids for the Treatment of Age-related Hearing Loss	Recruiting	NCT04739436
36	HearCARE: Hearing for Communication and Resident Engagement	Recruiting	NCT04575051
37	Evaluation of the Hearing Aids Efficacy in Elderly Subjects: a Protocol for Multiparametric Longitudinal Study	Recruiting	NCT04333043
38	Development of a Battery of Audiological Tests for the Precision Diagnosis of Age-related Hearing Loss	Recruiting	NCT05312983
39	Longitudinal Evaluation of Hearing Aids Rehabilitation Within Age-related Hearing Loss Population : Behavioral and Neuroimaging PET Evaluations.	Recruiting	NCT05331404
40	Training Cognition to Improve Mobility and Listening in Older Adults With Hearing Loss: Moving From Lab to Life	Recruiting	NCT05418998
41	Improving Outcomes Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing	Recruiting	NCT02998164
42	Behavioral Parent Training for Families With Deaf and Hard of Hearing Preschoolers	Recruiting	NCT03916146
43	Technology-assisted Language Intervention for Children Who Are Deaf/Hard-of-hearing (TALI)	Recruiting	NCT04857255
44	Teletherapy to Address Language Disparities in Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Children	Recruiting	NCT04928209
45	Hearing Loss and Communication Needs in a Group Care Setting for Older Adults	Active, not recruiting	NCT04659967
46	Effects of Huperzine A on Presbycusis-related Subjective Tinnitus and Cognitive Impairment	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03101722		BTHE and Huperzine A
47	Evaluation of the Impact of Cochlear Implants on Cognition in Older Adults	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02729402
48	Increasing Word Learning Efficiency in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Through Retrieval Practice	Not yet recruiting	NCT05512000
49	Effects of Cognitive Training on Age-Related Hearing Loss and Speech Perception	Terminated	NCT02294812
50	Objective Measurement of Hearing Aid Benefit	Withdrawn	NCT04431622

Search NIH Clinical Center for Age-Related Hearing Loss

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Genetic Tests for Age-Related Hearing Loss

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Anatomical Context for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Organs/tissues related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

MalaCards : Cortex, Kidney, Brain, Bone, Cingulate Cortex, Eye, T Cells

Sources

Publications for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Articles related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

(show top 50) (show all 3829)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of middle-aged and elderly monozygotic twins with age-related hearing loss in Qingdao, China. ⁶²	Guo L...Duan H	36179964	2023
2	Cognitive, physical, and mental profiles of older adults with misplaced self-evaluation of hearing loss. ⁶²	Sakurai R...Fujiwara Y	36116286	2023
3	Drinking to cope and coping strategies in Deaf/Hard of hearing college students. ⁶²	Baschnagel JS...Bell JS	36087499	2023
4	Influence of perceived discrimination on problematic smartphone use among Chinese deaf and hard-of-hearing students: Serial mediating effects of sense of security and social avoidance. ⁶²	Guan W...Liu C	36055057	2023
5	Caregiver Experiences With Oral Bilingualism in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the United States: Impact on Child Language Proficiency. ⁶²	Benitez-Barrera C...de Diego-Lazaro B	36472940	2022
6	"None of it was especially easy": improving COVID-19 vaccine equity for people with disabilities. ⁶²	Sebring JCH...Driedger SM	35419700	2022
7	Degree centrality and functional connections in presbycusis with and without cognitive impairments. ⁶²	Xu XM...Chen YC	36327020	2022
8	An emerging role for stress granules in neurodegenerative disease and hearing loss. ⁶²	Martin JL...Gale JE	36384053	2022
9	Sustainable employability of teachers with hearing loss. ⁶²	Schriemer AG...Bultmann U	34807796	2022
10	Network pharmacology and experimental evidence reveal the protective mechanism of Yi-Qi Cong-Ming decoction on age-related hearing loss. ⁶²	Yang YF...Liu Q	35938504	2022
11	Clinical Impact of Genetic Diagnosis of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults. ⁶²	Corriols-Noval P...Cabanillas Farpon R	36190904	2022
12	Post-translational modifications and age-related hearing loss. ⁶²	Bazard P...Ding B	36215796	2022
13	Vestibular and cochlear dysfunction in aging: Two sides of the same coin? ⁶²	Azevedo C...Dias L	36474668	2022
14	The possible role of early-stage phase-locked neural activities in speech-in-noise perception in human adults across age and hearing loss. ⁶²	Mai G...Howell P	36436293	2022
15	Association between age-related hearing loss with tinnitus and cognitive performance in older community-dwelling Chinese adults. ⁶²	Zhang W...Ruan Q	36075585	2022
16	Age-related High-frequency Hearing Loss Is Not Associated With Horizontal Semicircular Canal Function. ⁶²	Schubert NMA...Pyott SJ	35696183	2022
17	A Systematic Review of the Literature Between 2009 and 2019 to Identify and Evaluate Publications on the Effects of Age-Related Hearing Loss on Speech Processing. ⁶²	Eichner ACO...Sanfins MD	36397662	2022
18	Is age-related hearing loss a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia? ⁶²	Loughrey DG	36410369	2022
19	Linking Cerebrovascular Dysfunction to Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer's Disease-Are Systemic Approaches for Diagnosis and Therapy Required? ⁶²	Forster CY...Lenarz T	36421731	2022
20	Etiology, Comorbidities, and Health Service Use in a Clinical Cohort of Children With Hearing Loss. ⁶²	Olivier N...Sung V	35943238	2022
21	Older adults' neural tracking of interrupted speech is a function of task difficulty. ⁶²	Kurthen I...Giroud N	35995377	2022
22	Effect of statin on age-related hearing loss via drug repurposing. ⁶²	Choo OS...Choung YH	35963547	2022
23	Melatonin prevents age-related hearing loss in the murin experimental model. ⁶²	Serra LSM...Sampaio ALL	35780011	2022
24	Sound energy absorbance changes in the elderly with presbycusis with normal outer and middle ear. ⁶²	Yilmaz N...Sener V	36350367	2022
25	Hearing Health Outcomes as a Function of Age, Gender, and Diversity. ⁶²	Joseph AR	36466563	2022
26	Coprevalence of Presbycusis and Its Effect on Outcome of Voice Therapy in Patients With Presbyphonia. ⁶²	Park JH...Kwon M	33067119	2022
27	The association between hearing threshold and urinary personal care and consumer product metabolites in middle-aged and elderly people from the USA. ⁶²	Fu YP...Liu YH	35731440	2022
28	Adenovirus-mediated SIRT1 protects cochlear strial marginal cells in a D-gal-induced senescent model in vitro. ⁶²	Zhao C...Du Z	36350417	2022
29	Effects of Diet and Lifestyle on Audio-Vestibular Dysfunction in the Elderly: A Literature Review. ⁶²	Chen HL...Liu TC	36432406	2022
30	Co-viewing an Educational Video: A Pilot Study About Mother-DHH Child Interaction. ⁶²	Cambra C...Losilla JM	36436513	2022
31	How Many People Use Sign Language? A National Health Survey-Based Estimate. ⁶²	Mitchell RE...Young TA	36423340	2022
32	Influence of gender on people with disabilities' work relationships: prospects for ergonomics interventions. ⁶²	Dupont A...Jutras S	35188087	2022
33	Development and Implementation of a Curriculum for Pediatric Trainees on Caring for Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing: A Pilot Study. ⁶²	Spellun A...Kushalnagar P	36217055	2022
34	Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss (AAQ-AHL): validation with hearing aid users. ⁶²	San Miguel GG...Twohig MP	36373617	2022
35	Developing an Evidence-Based Military Auditory Fitness-for-Duty Standard Based on the 80-Word Modified Rhyme Test. ⁶²	Brungart DS...Heil T	36323655	2022
36	Emergency department condition acuity, length of stay, and revisits among deaf and hard-of-hearing patients: A retrospective chart review. ⁶²	James TG...Cheong JW	35904003	2022
37	Impact of communication modality on caregiver ratings for deaf and hard of hearing children. ⁶²	Fisher EL...Reesman J	34024209	2022
38	Accommodating hearing loss in outpatient physician offices in the U.S. ⁶²	Iezzoni LI...Bolcic-Jankovic D	36376146	2022
39	Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the "Early Support Monitoring Protocol". ⁶²	de Albuquerque SCSO...Van der Ley Quintela JC	36221903	2022
40	Somatosensory gating is related to behavioral and verbal outcomes in children with mild-to-severe hearing loss. ⁶²	Heinrichs-Graham E...McCreery RW	36310092	2022
41	Educational Environments and Secondary School Outcomes Among Students Who Are D/deaf and Hard of Hearing in Special Education. ⁶²	Epstein S...Horn DL	35952405	2022
42	Behavioral Parent Training for Families With Young Deaf or Hard of Hearing Children Followed in Hearing Health Care. ⁶²	Studts CR...Creel LM	35985319	2022
43	Supporting the Social-Emotional Well-Being of Elementary School Students Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing: A Pilot Study. ⁶²	Kishida Y...Cross D	35914020	2022
44	Provider Perspectives: Identification and Follow-up of Infants who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. ⁶²	Cree RA...Gaffney M	36037854	2022
45	Eye-Movement Deficits in Seniors with Hearing Aids: Cognitive and Multisensory Implications. ⁶²	Chavant M...Kapoula Z	36358352	2022
46	AAV-ie-mediated UCP2 overexpression accelerates inner hair cell loss during aging in vivo. ⁶²	Zhao C...Du Z	36266633	2022
47	Decreased modulation of population correlations in auditory cortex is associated with decreased auditory detection performance in old mice. ⁶²	Shilling-Scrivo K...Kanold PO	36302637	2022
48	Effect of Aging on Speech Discrimination. ⁶²	Choi J...Kim DK	36111451	2022
49	Noise overstimulation of young adult UMHET4 mice accelerates age-related hearing loss. ⁶²	Altschuler RA...Dolan DF	36126618	2022
50	Cochlear Neurotrophin-3 overexpression at mid-life prevents age-related inner hair cell synaptopathy and slows age-related hearing loss. ⁶²	Cassinotti LR...Corfas G	36088647	2022

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Genes for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Genes related to Age-Related Hearing Loss (2 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	ARHI1	Age-Related Hearing Impairment 1	Genetic Locus	50	MalaCards inferred ³⁹
2	ARHI2	Age-Related Hearing Impairment 2	Genetic Locus	50	MalaCards inferred ³⁹

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Variations for Age-Related Hearing Loss

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Expression for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Age-Related Hearing Loss.

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Pathways for Age-Related Hearing Loss

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GO Terms for Age-Related Hearing Loss

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Sources for Age-Related Hearing Loss

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: AGR019 MIFTS: 36	Age-Related Hearing Loss Categories: Ear diseases, Neuronal diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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