Age-Related Hearing Loss disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: AGR019 MIFTS: 38	Age-Related Hearing Loss Categories: Ear diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Age-Related Hearing Loss

MalaCards integrated aliases for Age-Related Hearing Loss:

Name: Age-Related Hearing Loss ²⁵

Presbycusis ²⁵ ⁷³

Old-Aged Sensorineural Hearing Impairment ²⁵

Age-Related Hearing Impairment ²⁵

Hearing Loss, Age-Related ²⁵

Deafness Due to Old Age ²⁵

Presbyacusia ²⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Ear diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the ear and mastoid process

Other disorders of ear

Other hearing loss

Presbycusis

External Ids:

ICD10 ³³ H91.1

UMLS ⁷³ C0033074

Sources

Summaries for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Genetics Home Reference : ²⁵ Age-related hearing loss (also known as presbycusis) is a decrease in hearing ability that happens with age. In most cases, the hearing loss affects both ears. It can begin as early as a person's thirties or forties and worsens gradually over time.

MalaCards based summary : Age-Related Hearing Loss, also known as presbycusis, is related to age-related hearing impairment 1 and age-related hearing impairment 2, and has symptoms including tinnitus An important gene associated with Age-Related Hearing Loss is ARHI2 (Age-Related Hearing Impairment 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Mitophagy - animal. The drugs Citalopram and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include cortex, testes and bone, and related phenotype is limbs/digits/tail.

Sources

Related Diseases for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Diseases related to Age-Related Hearing Loss via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 30)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	age-related hearing impairment 1	12.8
2	age-related hearing impairment 2	12.7
3	deafness, autosomal dominant 6	11.2
4	ataxia, combined cerebellar and peripheral, with hearing loss and diabetes mellitus	11.1
5	deafness, autosomal dominant 25	11.0
6	aging	10.2
7	acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis	10.2
8	dementia	10.2
9	hearing loss, noise-induced	10.0
10	depression	10.0
11	retinal ischemia	10.0	HIF1A SETD2
12	alzheimer disease	10.0
13	multiple sclerosis	10.0
14	diabetes mellitus	10.0
15	sensorineural hearing loss	10.0
16	acoustic neuroma	10.0
17	neuroma	10.0
18	neuropathy	10.0
19	inclusion body myositis	9.9	APOE MIR34A
20	wolfram syndrome 1	9.9
21	adiponectin, serum level of, quantitative trait locus 1	9.9
22	tuberous sclerosis 1	9.9
23	neutrophil actin dysfunction	9.9
24	insulin-like growth factor i	9.9
25	macular degeneration, age-related, 1	9.9
26	anxiety	9.9
27	tuberous sclerosis	9.9
28	hyperacusis	9.9
29	segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia	9.9
30	parkinson disease, late-onset	9.8	APOE NAT2 SOD2

Comorbidity relations with Age-Related Hearing Loss via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis	Heart Disease
Hypertension, Essential	Schizophreniform Disorder

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Age-Related Hearing Loss

UMLS symptoms related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

tinnitus

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	8.92	APOE GRM7 HIF1A SETD2

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Drugs for Age-Related Hearing Loss (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 45)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-33-8

2771

Synonyms:

[3H]Citalopram

1-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(p-fluorophenyl)-5-phthalancarbonitrile

1,3-dihydro[3,4]benzofuran-5-carbonitrile

1,3-Dihydro-1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isobenzofurancarbonitrile

1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile

1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3H-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile

59729-33-8

AB00513896

AC-12214

AC1L1EFH

AE-641/00603021

Akarin

Bonitrile

BPBio1_000929

BRD-A47598013-004-02-0

BSPBio_000843

C07572

C20H21FN2O

Celapram

Celexa

Celius

CHEBI:3723

CHEMBL549

Ciazil

CID2771

Cilift

Cipram

Cipramil

Ciprapine

Citabax

Citadur

Citadur (TN)

Citalec

citalopram

Citalopram (USP/INN)

Citalopram [Celexa]

Citalopram [INN:BAN]

Citalopram hydrobromide

Citalopram Hydrobromide

Citalopramum

Citalopramum [INN-Latin]

Citol

Citopam

Citox

Citrol

CPD000465669

Cytalopram

D07704

Dalsan

DB00215

EINECS 261-891-1

Elopram

Escitalopram

HMS2090O09

HMS2093A14

Humorup

I01-0382

InChI=1/C20H21FN2O/c1-23(2)11-3-10-20(17-5-7-18(21)8-6-17)19-9-4-15(13-22)12-16(19)14-24-20/h4-9,12H,3,10-11,14H2,1-2H3

L001223

Lexapro

Lopac0_000258

LS-84327

Lu 10-171

Lu-10-171

MolPort-003-666-794

NCGC00015267-07

NCGC00025160-02

Nitalapram

Oropram

Pramcit

Prestwick3_000692

Recital

SAM002589960

Seropram

ST069372

STL058639

Talam

Talohexal

Temperax

UNII-0DHU5B8D6V

Vodelax

Zentius

Zetalo

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Synonyms:

(3H)-Dopamine

.alpha.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-.beta.-aminoethane

.Beta.-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- (9CI)

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, labeled with tritium

153C5321-5FEE-4B0B-8925-F388F0EEEBD1

2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine

2-benzenediol

3,4 Dihydroxyphenethylamine

3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine

3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine hydrochloride

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine

3-Hydroxtyramine

3-Hydroxytyramine

3-Hydroxytyramine Hydrobromide

3-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,

4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-bezenediol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol

4-(2-aminoethyl)catechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)catechol

4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol

4-(2-aminoethyl)-pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-pyrocatechol

4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol hydrochloride

50444-17-2

51-61-6

62-31-7 (HYDROCHLORIDE)

a-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-b-aminoethane

AC1L19S5

AC1Q54AX

AC1Q54AY

AKOS003790978

alpha-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-beta-aminoethane

ASL 279

BIDD:ER0506

Biomol-NT_000001

BPBio1_001123

BSPBio_001932

C03758

CHEBI:18243

CHEMBL59

CID681

cMAP_000036

cMAP_000065

D07870

DB00988

Deoxyepinephrine

DivK1c_000780

Dopamin

Dopamina

Dopamina [INN-Spanish]

dopamine

Dopamine

Dopamine (INN)

Dopamine (USAN)(*hydrochloride*)

Dopamine [INN:BAN]

Dopamine hydrochloride

Dopaminum

Dopaminum [INN-Latin]

Dopastat

Dophamine

Dynatra

EINECS 200-110-0

HSDB 3068

Hydrochloride, dopamine

Hydroxytyramin

hydroxytyramine

Hydroxytyramine

IDI1_000780

intropin

Intropin

Intropin [*hydrochloride*]

IP 498

KBio1_000780

KBio2_001492

KBio2_002388

KBio2_002484

KBio2_004060

KBio2_004956

KBio2_005052

KBio2_006628

KBio2_007524

KBio2_007620

KBio3_001152

KBio3_002867

KBio3_002962

KBioGR_001129

KBioGR_002388

KBioGR_002484

KBioSS_001492

KBioSS_002393

KBioSS_002491

KW-3-060

L000232

L-DOPAMINE

LDP

Lopac0_000586

Lopac-H-8502

LS-159

Medopa (TN)

m-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride

MolPort-001-641-000

NCGC00015519-01

NCGC00015519-08

NCGC00096050-01

NCGC00096050-02

NCGC00096050-03

NCGC00096050-04

NCGC00096050-05

nchembio.105-comp9

nchembio.107-comp4

nchembio.284-comp1

nchembio.78-comp16

nchembio.89-comp3

nchembio705-8

nchembio801-comp8

NINDS_000780

NSC 173182

NSC169105

NSC173182

Oprea1_088821

Oxytyramine

Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)- (8CI)

Pyrocatechol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride

Revimine

Revivan

SPBio_001205

Spectrum_001012

SPECTRUM1505155

Spectrum2_001023

Spectrum3_000406

Spectrum4_000525

Spectrum5_000945

ST048774

STK301601

UNII-VTD58H1Z2X

UPCMLD0ENAT5885989:001

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Synonyms:

(-)-(R)-Norepinephrine

(-)-alpha-(Aminomethyl)protocatechuyl alcohol

(-)-Arterenol

(-)-Arterenol free base

(-)-Noradrenaline

(-)-NORADRENALINE

(-)-Norepinephrine

(R)-(-)-Norepinephrine

(R)-4-(2-amino-1-Hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

(R)-4-(2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

(R)-Noradrenaline

(R)-Norepinephrine

1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-, (R)- (9CI)

4-(2-amino-1-Hydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol

4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-Hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol

4-[(1R)-2-Amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol

4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

4899-05-2

51-40-1 (l-tartrate (1:1))

51-41-2

66197-73-7

A7257_SIGMA

Abbott brand OF levophed bitartrate

AC1L96ZT

Adrenor

Aktamin

ALBB-006229

Arterenol

Aventis brand OF norepinephrine hydrochloride

Bitartrate, levophed

Bitartrate, noradrenaline

Bitartrate, norepinephrine

bmse000404

BRN 4231961

BSPBio_002079

C00547

CHEBI:18357

CHEMBL1437

CID439260

D-(-)-Noradrenaline

D00076

D53D5E3A-2360-4CA9-8031-6C2CD4062FD5

DB00368

DivK1c_000230

EINECS 200-096-6

HMS1920B08

HMS2089E18

HMS2091J08

HMS500L12

Hydrochloride, norepinephrine

IDI1_000230

KBio1_000230

KBio2_001489

KBio2_004057

KBio2_006625

KBio3_001579

KBioGR_000635

KBioSS_001489

l-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol

l-2-Amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol

L-2-amino-1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanolamine

L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanolamine

L-alpha-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol

L-alpha-(Aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol

L-arterenol

L-Arterenol

Levarterenol

Levarterenolo

Levarterenolo [DCIT]

Levoarterenol

Levonor

Levonoradrenaline

Levonorepinephrine

Levophed

Levophed bitartrate

L-noradrenaline

L-Noradrenaline

L-Norepinephrine

L-NOREPINEPHRINE

LS-42676

LT03330026

LT4

NCGC00159406-02

NCGC00159406-03

NCGC00159406-04

NCGC00159406-05

NCGC00159406-06

NCGC00159406-07

NCGC00159406-09

nchembio.284-comp2

nchembio.64-comp2

nchembio705-1

NINDS_000230

Nor adrenalin

Nor adrenalin (TN)

Noradrenalin

Noradrenalina

Noradrenalina [Italian]

noradrenaline

Noradrenaline

Nor-adrenaline

Noradrenaline (JP15)

Noradrenaline bitartrate

Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin

Noradrenalinum

Norartrinal

Noreinefrina

Noreinefrina [INN-Spanish]

norepinefrina

Norepinefrina

Norepinephrin D-tartrate (1:1)

norepinephrine

Norepinephrine

Norepinephrine (INN)

Norepinephrine [INN:JAN]

Norepinephrine bitartrate

Norepinephrine D-tartrate (1:1)

Norepinephrine hydrochloride

Norepinephrine hydrochloride, (+)-isomer

Norepinephrine hydrochloride, (+,-)-isomer

Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1)

Norepinephrine L-tartrate (1:1)

Norepinephrine L-tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-isomer

Norepinephrine L-tartrate (1:1), monohydrate

Norepinephrine L-tartrate (1:1), monohydrate, (+)-isomer

Norepinephrine L-tartrate (1:2)

Norepinephrine L-tartrate, (+)-isomer

Norepinephrine Noradrenalin

Norepinephrine, (+)-isomer

Norepinephrine, (+,-)-isomer

norepinephrinum

Norepinephrinum

Norepinephrinum [INN-Latin]

Norepirenamine

Nor-epirenan

PDSP1_001111

PDSP2_001095

Renaudin brand OF norepinephrine bitartrate

Renaudin, noradrénaline tartrate

SGCUT00123

SPBio_001048

Spectrum_001009

SPECTRUM1500436

Spectrum2_001064

Spectrum3_000520

Spectrum4_000078

Spectrum5_001068

STK503776

Sympathin e

Sympathin E

Tartrate renaudin, noradrénaline

to_000024

UNII-X4W3ENH1CV

Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Phase 4

Analgesics

Phase 4

Parasympatholytics

Phase 4

Muscarinic Antagonists

Phase 4

Cholinergic Antagonists

Phase 4

Serotonin Agents

Phase 4

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

Duloxetine Hydrochloride

Phase 4

Antiparkinson Agents

Phase 4

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

Autonomic Agents

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

50-67-9

5202

Synonyms:

3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol

3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol

3-(b-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole

5 Hydroxytryptamine

5-HT

5-HTA

5-Hydroxy-3-(b-aminoethyl)indole

5-Hydroxyltryptamine

5-Hydroxytriptamine

5-Hydroxytryptamine

5-Hydroxy-tryptamine

Antemovis

DS Substance

Enteramin

Enteramine

Hippophaine

Hydroxytryptamine

Serotonine

sérotonine

thrombocytin

Thrombocytin

thrombotonin

Thrombotonin

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 1,Not Applicable

Polyestradiol phosphate

Approved

28014-46-2

Estradiol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

50-28-2

5757

Synonyms:

(+)-3,17b-Estradiol

(17b)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

(17beta)-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

(17β)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

.alpha.-Estradiol

.alpha.-Oestradiol

.beta.-Estradiol

.beta.-Oestradiol

[2,4,6,7-3H]-E2

[3H]]estradiol

[3H]-estradiol

13b-Methyl-1,3,5(10)-gonatriene-3,17b-ol

17 beta Estradiol

17 beta Oestradiol

17 beta-Estradiol

17 beta-Oestradiol

17.beta.-Estradiol

17-.BETA.-Estradiol

17.beta.-Oestradiol

17b Oestradiol

17b-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

17b-Estradiol

17-beta

17beta oestradiol

17beta Oestradiol

17beta-Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

17-beta-estradiol

17beta-Estradiol

17beta-Oestradiol

17-beta-OH-estradiol

17b-Oestradiol

17E

17-E

17β oestradiol

17β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

17β-estradiol

17β-oestradiol

1jgl

1qkt

1qku

2d06

3,17.beta.-Estradiol

3,17b-Dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene

3,17b-Estradiol

3,17beta-Estradiol

3,17-beta-Estradiol

3,17-beta-Oestradiol

3,17-Epidihydroxyestratriene

50-28-2

73459-61-7

873662-39-6

AC-10460

AC1L1L2K

Aerodiol

Agofollin

Alora

Altrad

Amnestrogen

Aquadiol

Bardiol

b-Estradiol

B-Estradiol

beta-Estradiol

Beta-estradiol

BIDD:ER0125

BIDD:PXR0065

Bio-0812

Bio1_000403

Bio1_000892

Bio1_001381

Bio2_000363

Bio2_000843

Bio-E-Gel

bmse000642

BPBio1_000532

BSPBio_000482

BSPBio_001065

C00951

C18H24O2

CCRIS 280

CHEBI:16469

CHEMBL135

CID5757

cis-Estradiol

cis-Oestradiol

Climaderm

Climara

Climara (TN)

Climara Forte

cMAP_000005

CMC_11154

component of Menrium

Compudose

Compudose 200

Compudose 365

Corpagen

CPD000059126

CPD-352

D00105

D-3,17beta-Estradiol

DB00783

delta-Estradiol

delta-Oestradiol

Dermestril

Destradiol

D-Estradiol

Dihydrofollicular hormone

Dihydrofolliculin

Dihydromenformon

dihydro-Theelin

Dihydrotheelin

Dihydroxyesterin

Dihydroxyestrin

Dihydroxyoestrin

Dimenformon

Diogyn

Diogynets

Divigel

Divigel (TN)

D-Oestradiol

E 2

E 8875

E(sub 2)

E0025

E1024_SIGMA

E1132_SIGMA

E2257_SIGMA

E2758_SIGMA

E8875_SIGMA

EINECS 200-023-8

Elestrin

Encore

Epiestriol 50

Esclim

Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diol

Estrace

Estrace (TN)

Estraderm

Estraderm (TN)

Estraderm MX

Estraderm TTS

Estraderm TTS 100

Estraderm TTS 50

estradiol

Estradiol

Estradiol [USAN:INN]

Estradiol 17 alpha

Estradiol 17 beta

Estradiol 17beta

Estradiol anhydrous

Estradiol hemihydrate

Estradiol hemihydrate, (17 alpha)-isomer

Estradiol monohydrate

Estradiol orion brand

Estradiol, (-)-isomer

Estradiol, (+-)-isomer

Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 alpha)-isomer

Estradiol, (16 alpha,17 beta)-isomer

Estradiol, (17-alpha)-isomer

Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-(+-)-isomer

Estradiol, (8 alpha,17 beta)-isomer

Estradiol, (9 beta,17 alpha)-isomer

Estradiol, (9 beta,17 beta)-isomer

Estradiol, monosodium salt

Estradiol, sodium salt

Estradiol-17 alpha

Estradiol-17 beta

Estradiol-17.beta.

Estradiol-17b

estradiol-17beta

Estradiol-17beta

Estradiol-17-beta

Estradiol-17β

Estradiol-3,17beta

Estradiolo

Estradiolo [DCIT]

Estradiolum

Estradiolum [INN]

Estradot

Estraldine

Estrapak 50

Estrasorb

Estrasorb (TN)

Estreva

Estrifam

Estring

Estring (TN)

Estring vaginal ring

Estroclim

Estroclim 50

Estrodiolum

Estrofem 2

Estrofem Forte

Estrogel

Estrogel (TN)

Estrogel HBF

Estrovite

EU-0100503

Evamist

Evorel

Extrasorb

Femanest

Femestral

Femestrol

Femogen

Fempatch

Femtrace

Femtran

Follicyclin

Gelestra

Ginedisc

Ginosedol

Gynergon

Gynestrel

Gynodiol

Gynoestryl

GynPolar

HMS1362E07

HMS1569I04

HMS1792E07

HMS1990E07

HMS2051C17

HMS2090E18

HSDB 3589

IDI1_002118

Innofem

Innofem (TN)

KBio2_000405

KBio2_002269

KBio2_002973

KBio2_004837

KBio2_005541

KBio2_007405

KBio3_000769

KBio3_000770

KBio3_002749

KBioGR_000405

KBioGR_002269

KBioSS_000405

KBioSS_002270

Lamdiol

LMST02010001

Lopac0_000503

LS-137

Macrodiol

Macrol

Menest

Menorest

Microdiol

MLS000069494

MLS000758312

MLS001076331

MolPort-001-794-632

NCGC00091544-00

NCGC00091544-01

NCGC00091544-02

NCGC00091544-04

NCGC00091544-05

NCGC00091544-06

NCGC00091544-07

NCGC00091544-08

NCGC00091544-09

NCGC00091544-12

NCGC00179321-01

NCGC00179321-02

nchembio.168-comp3

nchembio.76-comp2

nchembio775-comp2

nchembio794-comp6

nchembio860-comp1

Nordicol

Novartis pharmaceuticals brand OF estradiol

NSC9895

NSC-9895

Oesclim

Oestergon

Oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17b-diol

Oestradiol

Oestradiol Berco

Oestradiol R

Oestradiol-17.beta.

Oestradiol-17beta

Oestradiol-17-beta

Oestradiolum

Oestrogel

Oestroglandol

Oestrogynal

Orion brand OF estradiol

Ovahormon

Ovasterol

Ovastevol

Ovociclina

Ovocyclin

Ovocycline

Ovocylin

Perlatanol

Polyestradiol

Prestwick_207

Prestwick0_000441

Prestwick1_000441

Prestwick2_000441

Prestwick3_000441

Primofol

Profoliol

Profoliol b

Profoliol B

progynon

Progynon

Progynon DH

Progynon-DH

S1709_Selleck

S-21400

SAM001247032

Sandrena 1

Sandrena Gel

Sisare Gel

SK-Estrogens

SL-1100

SMP1_000121

SMR000059126

SPBio_002421

Spectrum5_002055

Syndiol

Systen

Tradelia

Trial SAT

Trocosone

UNII-4TI98Z838E

Vagifem

Vagifem (TN)

Vivelle

Vivelle (TN)

VIVELLE-DOT

Zerella

Zesteem

Zesteen

Zumenon

β-estradiol

Estradiol valerate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

979-32-8

leucovorin

Approved

Not Applicable

58-05-9

6006 143

Synonyms:

(5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)glutamate

(6R,S)-5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolate

10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolic acid

5 Formyltetrahydrofolate

5 Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic acid

5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate

5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid

Acid, folinic

Acide folinique

Calcium citrovorum factor

Calcium folinate

Calcium leucovorin

Citrovorum factor

Factor, citrovorum

folinate

Folinate

Folinate, calcium

Folinic acid

Folinic acid calcium salt

Folinic acid calcium salt USP27

Folinic acid SF

Folinic acid-SF

L(-)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

L(-)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

Leucal

Leucovorin

Leucovorin calcium

Leucovorin folinic acid

Leucovorin, (D)-isomer

Leucovorin, (DL)-isomer

Leucovorin, (R)-isomer

Leucovorin, calcium

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt, (DL)-isomer

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt, pentahydrate

Leucovorin, monosodium salt

Leucovorinum

Leukovorin

Leukovorum

Levoleucovorin

L-leucovorin

L-Leucovorin

L-N-[P-[[(2-amino-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-glutamic acid

Monosodium salt leucovorin

N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate

N-(5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)-L-glutamic acid

N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

N5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid

Rescuvolin

Welcovorin

Wellcovorin

Huperzine A

Approved, Experimental

Not Applicable

102518-79-6

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

59-30-3

6037

Synonyms:

(2S)-2-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-1H-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid

01769_FLUKA

2d0k

33609-88-0

36653-55-1 (mono-potassium salt)

59-30-3

6484-89-5 (mono-hydrochloride salt)

AC-11682

AC1L1LNX

Acfol (Spain)

Acide folique

Acide folique [INN-French]

Acido folico

Acido folico [INN-Spanish]

Acidum folicum

Acidum folicum [INN-Latin]

Acifolic

AI3-26387

AKOS000503224

Antianemia factor

Apo-Folic

ARONIS014410

b9, Vitamin

BIDD:ER0563

BIDD:GT0641

BIF0608

bmse000299

BPBio1_000654

BSPBio_000594

BSPBio_002338

C00504

C20H20N6O6

CAS-59-30-3

CCRIS 666

CHEBI:27470

CHEMBL1622

CID6037

CPD000471860

Cytofol

D00070

DB00158

DivK1c_000494

Dosfolat b activ

Dosfolat B activ

EINECS 200-419-0

F0043

F7876_SIAL

F7876_SIGMA

F8758_SIGMA

F8798_SIAL

F8890_SIGMA

Facid

Factor U

FOL

Folacid

Folacin

Folaemin

Folaemin [Netherlands]

Folan

Folasic (Australia)

Folate

Folbal

Folcidin

Folcidin (VAN)

Folcysteine

Foldine

Foldine [France]

Folettes

Foliamin

Folic

folic acid

Folic acid (JP15/USP/INN)

Folic acid (TN)

Folic acid [BAN:INN:JAN]

Folic acid [INN:BAN:JAN]

Folic acid dihydrate

Folic acid, (D)-isomer

Folic acid, (DL)-isomer

Folic acid, calcium salt (1:1)

Folic acid, monopotassium salt

Folic acid, monosodium salt

Folic acid, potassium salt

Folic acid, sodium salt

Folicet

Folicet (TN)

Folico

Folico (Italy)

Folina

Folina (Italy)

Folipac

Folsaeure

Folsan

Folsaure

Folsäure

Folsav

Folvite

Folvron

Glutamic acid, N-(p-(((2-amino-4-hydroxypyrimido(4,5-b)pyrazin-6-yl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-, L

HMS1921D20

HMS2092N17

HMS501I16

HSDB 2002

IDI1_000494

Incafolic

InChI=1/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s

KBio1_000494

KBio2_001861

KBio2_004429

KBio2_006997

KBio3_001558

KBioGR_002222

KBioSS_001861

Kyselina listova

Kyselina listova [Czech]

Liver lactobacillus casei factor

Liver Lactobacillus casei factor

LS-2157

Millafol

Mission prenatal

Mittafol

MLS001304016

MLS001335861

MolPort-004-285-551

N-(4-(((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzo- yl)-L-glutamic acid

N-(4-((2-Amino-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

N-(p-(((2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl)amino)benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid

N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamate

N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid

N-[4-[[(2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-Pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid

NCGC00016265-01

NCGC00142391-01

nchembio.108-comp10

Nifolin

Nifolin [Denmark]

NINDS_000494

Novofolacid

Novofolacid [Canada]

N-Pteroyl-L-glutamate

N-pteroyl-L-glutamic acid

N-Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid

NSC 3073

PGA

PGA (VAN)

Prestwick_230

Prestwick3_000627

PteGlu

Pteroylglutamate

Pteroylglutamic acid

Pteroyl-L-glutamate

Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid

Pteroyl-L-monoglutamate

Pteroyl-L-monoglutamic acid

Pteroylmonoglutamate

Pteroylmonoglutamic acid

SAM002264616

SDCCGMLS-0066738.P001

Serum Folate Level

SMP2_000137

SMR000471860

SPBio_001357

Spectrum_001381

SPECTRUM1502020

Spectrum2_001459

Spectrum3_000749

Spectrum4_001751

Spectrum5_000602

UNII-935E97BOY8

Usaf cb-13

Vitamin B11

Vitamin b9

Vitamin B9

Vitamin Bc

Vitamin BC

Vitamin be

Vitamin Be

Vitamin m

Vitamin M

Estradiol 3-benzoate

Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate

Hormone Antagonists

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Hormones

Trace Elements

Not Applicable

Vitamin B9

Not Applicable

Vitamin B Complex

Not Applicable

Vitamins

Not Applicable

Micronutrients

Not Applicable

Hematinics

Not Applicable

Folate

Not Applicable

Hemostatics

Not Applicable

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Not Applicable

Neuroprotective Agents

Not Applicable

Protective Agents

Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 32)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Treating Hearing Loss to Improve Mood and Cognition in Older Adults	Recruiting	NCT03321006	Phase 4	Duloxetine
2	Caroverin and Inner Ear Diseases	Suspended	NCT01174979	Phase 3	Caroverin
3	Efficacy and Safety of AUT00063 Versus Placebo in Age-Related Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT02345031	Phase 2	AUT00063;Placebo
4	A Study Of The Effects Of PF-04958242 In Subjects With Age-Related Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT01518920	Phase 1	PF-04958242;PF-04958242;Placebo
5	Use of Hearing Aids. Development and Implementation of a Counselling Program for Hearing Aid Users	Unknown status	NCT02233361	Not Applicable
6	Genetic Study of Age Related Hearing Loss	Completed	NCT01732289	Early Phase 1
7	Evaluation of Efficacy and Patient Acceptance of Sound Amplifier Téo First, in Mild and Moderate Presbycusis Patient 60 Years of Age and Older, With no Previous Hearing Aid	Completed	NCT01815788	Not Applicable
8	Clinical Trial on Alzheimer Disease, Presbycusis and Hearing Aids	Completed	NCT00488007	Not Applicable
9	Neural Changes in the Aging Auditory System	Completed	NCT00264407		Hormone Replacement Therapy - HRT
10	Computer-Based Auditory Rehabilitation	Completed	NCT02147847	Not Applicable
11	Evaluating Hearing Aid Service Delivery Models	Completed	NCT01788423	Not Applicable
12	At-home Auditory Training Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01950013	Not Applicable
13	Variability In Hearing Aid Outcomes In Older Adults	Completed	NCT02448706	Not Applicable
14	Predicting Success With Hearing Aids	Completed	NCT00371449
15	The Effect of Folic Acid on Atherosclerosis, Cognitive Performance and Hearing	Completed	NCT00110604	Not Applicable
16	Validation of uHear™ as a Screening Tool to Detect Hearing Impairment in Elderly Cancer Patients Within a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment	Completed	NCT02381782
17	Surgical Optimizing of a Middle Ear Implant (MET )With Laser Velocimetry in Patients With Moderate to Severe Hearing Loss in Case of Failure of Conventional Equipment	Completed	NCT02845115	Not Applicable
18	The Baltimore HEARS Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02045511	Not Applicable
19	PC-Based Rehabilitation of Auditory Function	Completed	NCT00724347	Not Applicable
20	Age-related Hearing Loss and Lexical Disorders	Recruiting	NCT03638323
21	The RBANS-H in Older Adults With Normal Hearing or Age-related Hearing Loss	Recruiting	NCT03208608
22	Assessment of Age-related Hearing Loss in HIV-1 Patients	Recruiting	NCT02154971
23	Baltimore HEARS: Hearing Equality Through Accessible Research & Solutions	Recruiting	NCT03442296	Not Applicable
24	Neuroplasticity in Auditory Aging_Project 2	Recruiting	NCT03475043	Not Applicable
25	Auditory Temporal Processes in Aging	Recruiting	NCT03468660	Not Applicable
26	Auditory Rehabilitation and Cognition in Alzheimer Patients	Recruiting	NCT03002142	Not Applicable
27	Hearing Aid Education and Adaptation System	Recruiting	NCT02839759	Not Applicable
28	Effects of Cognitive Training on Speech Perception	Active, not recruiting	NCT02294812	Not Applicable
29	Effects of Hearing Rehabilitative Interventions and Huperzine A on Presbycusis(Δ,kHz, dB,MMSE, AD)	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03101722	Not Applicable	Huperzine A
30	Evaluation of the Impact of Cochlear Implants on Cognition in Older Adults	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02729402	Not Applicable
31	Mitochondrial Genetics of Presbycusis	Not yet recruiting	NCT03720964
32	Cost-effective Hearing Aid Delivery Models	Not yet recruiting	NCT03579563	Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Sources

Genetic Tests for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Sources

Anatomical Context for Age-Related Hearing Loss

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

⁴¹

Cortex, Testes, Bone, Brain, T Cells, Thymus, Thyroid

Sources

Publications for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Articles related to Age-Related Hearing Loss:

(show top 50) (show all 474)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Functional Change in the Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus Induced by Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 29853848 )	Zhao N....Sun W.	2018
2	Audio-visual speech processing in age-related hearing loss: Stronger integration and increased frontal lobe recruitment. ( 29655940 )	Rosemann S....Thiel C.M.	2018
3	Serum uric acid and prevalence of age-related hearing loss in the Japanese population: Baseline data from the Aidai Cohort Study in Yawatahama. ( 29339204 )	Takagi D....Miyake Y.	2018
4	Loss of IDH2 Accelerates Age-related Hearing Loss in Male Mice. ( 29567975 )	White K....Someya S.	2018
5	Age-related hearing loss: Unraveling the pieces. ( 29721536 )	Tu N.C....Friedman R.A.	2018
6	Whole-genome sequencing reveals new insights into age-related hearing loss: cumulative effects, pleiotropy and the role of selection. ( 29725052 )	Vuckovic D....Girotto G.	2018
7	Age-Related Hearing Loss and Its Association with Depression in Later Life. ( 29752060 )	Brewster K.K....Rutherford B.R.	2018
8	Mutations in L-type amino acid transporter-2 support<i>SLC7A8</i>as a novel gene involved in age-related hearing loss. ( 29355479 )	Espino Guarch M....Nunes V.	2018
9	Age-Related Hearing Loss: Innovations in Hearing Augmentation. ( 29735277 )	Vaisbuch Y....Santa Maria P.L.	2018
10	Sex bias in basic and preclinical age-related hearing loss research. ( 29898787 )	Villavisanis D.F....Lauer A.M.	2018
11	Codeficiency of Lysosomal Mucolipins 3 and 1 in Cochlear Hair Cells Diminishes Outer Hair Cell Longevity and Accelerates Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 29453205 )		2018
12	Heritability of Age-Related Hearing Loss in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: A Population-Based Twin Study. ( 29794565 )		2018
13	Age-related hearing loss and communication at a PACE Day Health Center. ( 29526596 )		2018
14	Self-Stigma and Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Qualitative Study of Stigma Formation and Dimensions. ( 29379957 )		2018
15	Association of Age-Related Hearing Loss With Cognitive Function, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ( 29222544 )		2018
16	How do aging and age-related hearing loss affect the ability to communicate effectively in challenging communicative conditions? ( 29941310 )		2018
17	Robust Neuronal Discrimination in Primary Auditory Cortex Despite Degradations of Spectro-temporal Acoustic Details: Comparison Between Guinea Pigs with Normal Hearing and Mild Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 29302822 )		2018
18	Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 30291149 )	Bowl MR...Dawson SJ	2018
19	The World Health Organization's hearing-impairment grading system: an evaluation for unaided communication in age-related hearing loss. ( 30318941 )	Humes LE	2018
20	Association of Age-Related Hearing Loss With Multiple Adverse Health Outcomes. ( 30419115 )	Loughrey D	2018
21	Association of Audiometric Age-Related Hearing Loss With Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic Individuals. ( 30520955 )	Golub JS...Rutherford BR	2018
22	Considering Age-Related Hearing Loss in Neuropsychological Practice: Findings from a Feasibility Study. ( 30522534 )	Dupuis K...Reed M	2018
23	Rs1894720 polymorphism in MIAT increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss by modulating the activation of miR-29b/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. ( 30556210 )	Hao S...Ye F	2018
24	The impact of age-related hearing loss and lateralized auditory attention on spatiotemporal parameters of gait during dual-tasking among community dwelling older adults. ( 30056101 )	Gorecka MM...Rodr?guez-Aranda C	2018
25	N-acetylcysteine Treatment Reduces Age-related Hearing Loss and Memory Impairment in the Senescence-Accelerated Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mouse Model. ( 30090654 )	Marie A...Gonzalez-Gonzalez S	2018
26	An Oral Combination of Vitamins A, C, E, and Mg++ Improves Auditory Thresholds in Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 30108480 )	Alvarado JC...Juiz JM	2018
27	Age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline - The potential mechanisms linking the two. ( 30177417 )	Uchida Y...Ueda H	2018
28	Next-generation sequencing identified SPATC1L as a possible candidate gene for both early-onset and age-related hearing loss. ( 30177775 )	Morgan A...Girotto G	2018
29	Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions Reflect Audiometric Patterns of Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 30198420 )	Vaden KI...Dubno JR	2018
30	A Tipping Point in Listening Effort: Effects of Linguistic Complexity and Age-Related Hearing Loss on Sentence Comprehension. ( 30235973 )	Ayasse ND...Wingfield A	2018
31	Tuberous sclerosis complex-mediated mTORC1 overactivation promotes age-related hearing loss. ( 30247156 )	Fu X...Gao J	2018
32	Association between age‑related hearing loss and cognitive decline in C57BL/6J mice. ( 29901198 )	Dong Y...Shi JR	2018
33	Down-expression of P2RX2, KCNQ5, ERBB3 and SOCS3 through DNA hypermethylation in elderly women with presbycusis. ( 29325454 )	Bouzid A...Masmoudi S	2018
34	Polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes are associated with susceptibility to presbycusis. ( 29369772 )	Manche SK...Akka J	2018
35	MicroRNAs and Presbycusis. ( 29392088 )	Hu W...Tang J	2018
36	Presbycusis Disrupts Spontaneous Activity Revealed by Resting-State Functional MRI. ( 29593512 )	Chen YC...Gu JP	2018
37	Cholinergic Hypofunction in Presbycusis-Related Tinnitus With Cognitive Function Impairment: Emerging Hypotheses. ( 29681847 )	Ruan Q...Zhang R	2018
38	Extending the Ear-Kidney Association to Presbycusis. ( 29710133 )	Monsell EM	2018
39	Human Superior Olivary Nucleus Neuron Populations in Subjects With Normal Hearing and Presbycusis. ( 29862839 )	Christov F...Gluth MB	2018
40	Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism. ( 29937713 )	Shen Y...Xiang M	2018
41	CDH23 Methylation Status and Presbycusis Risk in Elderly Women. ( 30131691 )	Bouzid A...Masmoudi S	2018
42	Cx26 partial loss causes accelerated presbycusis by redox imbalance and dysregulation of Nfr2 pathway. ( 30199819 )	Fetoni AR...Mammano F	2018
43	Age-associated decline in Nrf2 signaling and associated mtDNA damage may be involved in the degeneration of the auditory cortex: Implications for central presbycusis. ( 30272261 )	Li Y...Kong W	2018
44	Gray Matter Atrophy Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Presbycusis: A Comprehensive Morphometric Study. ( 30405333 )	Ren F...Zhao B	2018
45	Age-Related Hearing Loss and Communication Breakdown in the Clinical Setting. ( 28837709 )	Cudmore V....Smith S.	2017
46	Otoprotective effects of ethosuximide in NOD/LtJ mice with age-related hearing loss. ( 28560432 )	Sang L....Zheng Q.	2017
47	NLRP3-inflammasomes are triggered by age-related hearing loss in the inner ear of mice. ( 29312513 )	Shi X....Qiao Y.	2017
48	The miR-34a/Bcl-2 Pathway Contributes to Auditory Cortex Neuron Apoptosis in Age-Related Hearing Loss. ( 28817812 )	Huang Q....Zheng Y.	2017
49	Resolution of Cochlear Inflammation: Novel Target for Preventing or Ameliorating Drug-, Noise- and Age-related Hearing Loss. ( 28736517 )	Kalinec G.M....Kalinec F.	2017
50	Activation of miR-34a impairs autophagic flux and promotes cochlear cell death via repressing ATG9A: implications for age-related hearing loss. ( 28981097 )	Pang J....Zheng Y.	2017

Sources

Genes for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Genes related to Age-Related Hearing Loss (2 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ARHI2	Age-Related Hearing Impairment 2	Genetic Locus	50	MalaCards inferred ⁴¹
2	ARHI1	Age-Related Hearing Impairment 1	Genetic Locus	50	MalaCards inferred ⁴¹
3	APOE	Apolipoprotein E	Protein Coding	17.28	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	GRM7	Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 7	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	HIF1A	Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	NAT2	N-Acetyltransferase 2	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	SETD2	SET Domain Containing 2	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	SOD2	Superoxide Dismutase 2	Protein Coding	16.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	ATG9A	Autophagy Related 9A	Protein Coding	6.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	MIR34A	MicroRNA 34a	RNA Gene	6.93	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Sources

Expression for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Age-Related Hearing Loss.

Sources

Pathways for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Pathways related to Age-Related Hearing Loss according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Mitophagy - animal ³⁷	10.44	ATG9A HIF1A

Sources

GO Terms for Age-Related Hearing Loss

Biological processes related to Age-Related Hearing Loss according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of gene expression	GO:0010468	9.5	APOE HIF1A SETD2
2	negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:1904706	9.37	MIR34A SOD2
3	triglyceride homeostasis	GO:0070328	9.26	APOE MIR34A
4	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	GO:0051000	9.16	APOE HIF1A
5	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	GO:0043524	9.13	APOE HIF1A SOD2
6	oxygen homeostasis	GO:0032364	8.62	HIF1A SOD2

Sources

Sources for Age-Related Hearing Loss

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia