Agoraphobia disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A phobic disorder involving the specific anxiety about being in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing or where help may be unavailable.

MalaCards based summary: Agoraphobia, also known as fear of open spaces, is related to personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. An important gene associated with Agoraphobia is HTR1A (5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Monoamine transport and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics. The drugs Dopamine and Methylphenidate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, amygdala and temporal lobe, and related phenotypes are Decreased viability and nervous system

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Agoraphobia is a mental and behavioral disorder, specifically an anxiety disorder characterized by... more...

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Related Diseases for Agoraphobia

Diseases related to Agoraphobia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 165)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	personality disorder	31.0	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
2	obsessive-compulsive disorder	30.7	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
3	hypochondriasis	30.6	SLC6A4 PIR MAOA HTR1A
4	avoidant personality disorder	30.4	SLC6A4 PIR MAOA
5	panic disorder	30.4	TMEM132D SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PTK7 NPSR1 MIR22
6	alcohol use disorder	30.4	SLC6A4 PRODH MAOA COMT
7	dependent personality disorder	30.4	PIR MAOA
8	endogenous depression	30.4	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
9	post-traumatic stress disorder	30.3	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
10	acute stress disorder	30.3	SLC6A4 PIR
11	neurotic disorder	30.3	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
12	eating disorder	30.3	SLC6A4 LOC110806262 HTR1A HCRTR1 COMT
13	separation anxiety disorder	30.3	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A CTU2 COMT
14	obsessive-compulsive personality disorder	30.2	SLC6A4 PIR COMT
15	irritable bowel syndrome	30.1	SLC6A4 HTR1A COMT
16	atypical depressive disorder	30.1	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
17	bulimia nervosa	30.0	SLC6A4 MAOA COMT
18	melancholia	30.0	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
19	social phobia	30.0	SLC6A4 PRODH PIR MAOA LOC110806262 HTR1A
20	alcohol dependence	29.9	SLC6A4 NOS1 MAOA LOC110806262 HTR1A COMT
21	major depressive disorder	29.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PIR NOS1 MAOA HTR1A
22	anxiety	29.9	TMEM132D SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PTK7 PRODH NPSR1
23	anterograde amnesia	29.8	PRODH HTR1A
24	drug dependence	29.8	SLC6A4 MAOA COMT
25	sleep disorder	29.8	SLC6A4 HTR1A HCRTR1 COMT
26	borderline personality disorder	29.8	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
27	cyclothymic disorder	29.7	SLC6A4 PIR HTR1A COMT
28	tobacco addiction	29.7	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
29	disease of mental health	29.6	SLC6A4 PRODH MIR22 MAOA HTR1A COMT
30	mood disorder	29.6	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH NOS1 MAOA HTR1A
31	phobia, specific	29.6	TMEM132D SLC6A4 PRODH PIR MAOA HTR1A
32	gilles de la tourette syndrome	29.6	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 MAOA HTR1A COMT
33	bipolar disorder	29.5	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH NOS1 MAOA HTR1A
34	generalized anxiety disorder	29.4	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH PIR MAOA LOC110806262
35	psychotic disorder	29.3	SLC6A4 PRODH NOS1 MIR22 MAOA HTR1A
36	dysthymic disorder	29.3	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH PIR MAOA HTR1A
37	tic disorder	29.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH MAOA HTR1A COMT
38	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	28.8	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH PIR MAOA LOC110806262
39	schizophrenia	28.8	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PRODH NOS1 MAOA HTR1A
40	phobic disorder	28.6	TMEM132D SLC6A4 PTK7 PRODH PIR MAOA
41	panic disorder 1	11.2
42	cascade stomach	10.3	SLC6A4 HTR1A
43	psychosexual disorder	10.3	SLC6A4 HTR1A
44	severe combined immunodeficiency	10.3
45	pedophilia	10.3	SLC6A4 MAOA
46	inhibited male orgasm	10.3	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
47	serotonin syndrome	10.2	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
48	retrograde amnesia	10.2	SLC6A4 HTR1A
49	amphetamine abuse	10.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A2
50	adjustment disorder	10.2	SLC6A4 PIR HTR1A

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Agoraphobia:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Agoraphobia

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00249-S	9.32	SLC6A4
2	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	9.32	GRP HTR1A SLC6A4
3	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-3	9.32	GRP HTR1A SLC6A4
4	Decreased viability	GR00386-A-1	9.32	GRP
5	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	9.32	GRP HTR1A

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Agoraphobia:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.97	CCKBR COMT GLRB GRP HCRTR1 HTR1A
2	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	9.73	CCKBR COMT GLRB GRP HTR1A MAOA
3	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.5	CCKBR COMT GLRB GRP GRPR HCRTR1

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Agoraphobia

Drugs for Agoraphobia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 31)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

2

Methylphenidate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

113-45-1

4158

3

Paroxetine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

61869-08-7

43815

4

Clonazepam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

1622-61-3

2802

5

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-32-7, 59729-33-8

2771

6

Sertraline

Approved

Phase 4

79617-96-2

68617

7

Dexetimide

Withdrawn

Phase 4

21888-98-2

30843

8

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Phase 4

9

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

10

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

11

GABA Modulators

Phase 4

12

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4

13

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

14

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

15

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

16

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

17

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

50-67-9

5202

18

Lecithin

Approved, Experimental, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 3

8002-43-5, 1446756-47-3, 18656-38-7

26197 9547096 6323481

19

Anticonvulsants

Phase 3

20

Sunflower

Phase 3

21

Cycloserine

Approved

Phase 2

68-41-7

6234

22

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2

23

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2

24

Antimetabolites

Phase 2

25

Antitubercular Agents

Phase 2

26

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 2

27

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

1994-09-7, 94-09-7

2337

28

Tannic acid

Approved

1401-55-4

16129878 16129778

29

Magnesium sulfate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

7487-88-9

30

Nicotine

Approved

54-11-5

942 89594

31

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 55)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A 14 Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Controlled Release Capsules in Adult ADHD With and Without Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity	Unknown status	NCT03785223	Phase 4	Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Controlled-Release Capsules;Placebo Capsule
2	Long-term, Open, Naturalistic, Randomized Clinical Trial With Clonazepam and Paroxetine in Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT02852577	Phase 4	Clonazepam;Paroxetine
3	Comparative Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Pharmacotherapy for Anxiety	Completed	NCT03522844	Phase 4	Escitalopram
4	Sertraline in the Treatment of Generalized Social Phobia With Comorbidity	Terminated	NCT00182533	Phase 4	Sertraline;Placebo
5	Mechanisms of CBT-Treatment Effects in Patients With Panic Disorder and Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: The Role of Interoceptive Exposure	Unknown status	NCT01323556	Phase 2, Phase 3
6	Dynamic Treatment vs. CBT for Panic Disorder	Completed	NCT00353470	Phase 3
7	Treatment of Panic Disorder: Long Term Strategies	Completed	NCT00000368	Phase 3	Paroxetine or other medication - algorithm used
8	Parent-based Treatment for Youth With Anxiety and Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison of Therapist-Led and Therapist Assisted Approaches	Recruiting	NCT04922502	Phase 2, Phase 3
9	Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: An 8-Week Pilot Study	Not yet recruiting	NCT03549819	Phase 3	Cannabidiol (CBD) Oil Capsules;Sunflower Lecithin Oil in Capsule
10	Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: An 8-Week Pilot Study	Withdrawn	NCT04569760	Phase 3	50:2 mg(CBD:THC)/ml - Cannabinoid Oil Oral Preparation- titrated as tolerated up to a maximum 8mls twice daily (200 mg- 800 mg total dose);Placebo Oil
11	Augmentation of Exposure Therapy With D-Cycloserine in Patients With Agoraphobia With or Without Panic Disorder	Completed	NCT01928823	Phase 2	D-Cycloserine
12	Intensive Treatment of Adolescent Panic and Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT00576719	Phase 2
13	The Modular Protocol for Mental Health (MPMH): A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial of a Transdiagnostic Psychological Treatment for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Adults	Completed	NCT03143634	Phase 1, Phase 2
14	Construction of a Questionnaire on Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia	Unknown status	NCT03885453
15	A Comparative Controlled Study of Virtual Reality Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia	Unknown status	NCT00129610
16	Effect of Mindfulness Meditation on Physiological Response to Unpredictable Stimuli	Unknown status	NCT03206437
17	Exposure Initializes Therapy - Treatment Of Homebound Patients Extended	Unknown status	NCT04460378
18	Effect of Cognitive-behavior Therapy on Panic Symptomatology and the Activation of the Brain's Fear Network to Panic-related Body Symptoms in Patients With Panic Disorder	Completed	NCT04568109
19	Trans-diagnostic Group CBT vs. Standard Group CBT for Depression, Social Anxiety and Agoraphobia/Panic Disorder: A Pragmatic, Multicenter Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT02954731
20	Efficacy of Hypnotherapy Compared to a Wait-list Control Group in the Treatment of Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT03684577
21	Evaluation of Occupational Balance, Fear and Agoraphobia in Adults	Completed	NCT04681261
22	Effectiveness of Specific Model of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Panic Disorder Patients With Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT00772746
23	The Influence of Physical Activity (Prior to In-vivo Exposure) on the Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Patients With Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT01928810
24	Virtual Reality for Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia: a Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03101332
25	Moderators and Mediators of Treatment Change in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT03547180
26	Vestibular Dysfunction In Adult Patients With Panic Disorder With or Without Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT00004367
27	Thought Field Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for Agoraphobia - a Randomized Controlled Intervention Study Where the Efficacy of Thought Field Therapy is to be Compared to Cognitive Therapy	Completed	NCT00932919
28	The Influence of Physical Activity on the Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Neurobiological Parameters and Information Processing in Patients With Panic Disorder With/Without Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT01788800
29	Longterm Outcome of Inpatient Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for Panic Disroder and Agoraphobia	Completed	NCT01446172
30	Internet-based Exposure Therapy for Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study	Completed	NCT03061448
31	Examining the Effects of Reduced Environmental Stimulation on Anxiety	Completed	NCT03051074
32	Predicting Treatment Response to Exposure Therapy Using a CO2 Habituation Paradigm in Patients With High Levels of Anxiety Sensitivity	Completed	NCT03925987
33	Providing Tools for Effective Care and Treatment of Anxiety Disorders (AD): Outcomes, Mediators and Moderators of Enhanced Extinction	Completed	NCT02605668
34	Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Agoraphobic Participants	Completed	NCT00734370
35	Phase 2/3 Study of Panic Control Treatment vs Panic-Focussed Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Under Randomized and Self-Selection Conditions	Completed	NCT01606592
36	Dimensional Brain Behavior Predictors of CBT Outcomes in Pediatric Anxiety	Completed	NCT02810171
37	Cognitive-behavioural Therapyin Panic Disorder: the Preparation of Patients With Panic Disorder for Interoceptive and in Vivo Agoraphobic Exposure	Completed	NCT01025908
38	Improving Access to Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Young Adults Using Transdignostic iCBT: Feasibility of a Translated Version of an Empirically Supported Program	Completed	NCT03156556
39	Can Thought Field Therapy (TFT) be Helpful for Patients With an Anxiety Disorder, a Prospective, Randomized Pilot Study With Wait List as Control Group.	Completed	NCT00202709
40	Pilot Study of Vestibular Rehabilitation Training for Panic Disorder With Vestibular Dysfunction	Completed	NCT00004366
41	A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care	Completed	NCT02811458
42	Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Short-term Treatment for Adolescents With Emotional Symptom Problems in Community Clinics in Norway. A Randomized Controlled Study	Completed	NCT02150265
43	The Effect of a Transdiagnostic, Self-guided Internet Intervention ("Velibra") for Waitlist Patients With Anxiety Disorders	Recruiting	NCT04793828
44	Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Exposure in Vivo in the Treatment of Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia	Recruiting	NCT01680237
45	Ambulante Leitlinienkonforme Intervention im Selbstmanagement für Angststörungen (ALISA)	Recruiting	NCT05510804
46	Building an Outcomes Assessment Infrastructure to Assess Youth in the McLean Anxiety Mastery Program at McLean Hospital	Recruiting	NCT02305537
47	SoREAL- a Randomized Clinical Trial	Recruiting	NCT03845101
48	A Comparison of the Efficacy of Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy and Disorder-specific Therapy in Veterans With PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression	Recruiting	NCT04293341
49	Comparison of Patient-Centered Versus Provider-Centered Delivery of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) for Pediatric Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)	Recruiting	NCT03528109
50	Respiratory Training vs Interoceptive Exposure in the Treatment of Transdiagnostic Pathological Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Recruiting	NCT05427708

Search NIH Clinical Center for Agoraphobia

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

Alprazolam

Cochrane evidence based reviews: agoraphobia

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Genetic Tests for Agoraphobia

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Anatomical Context for Agoraphobia

Organs/tissues related to Agoraphobia:

MalaCards : Brain, Amygdala, Temporal Lobe, Cingulate Cortex, Heart, Cortex, Pituitary

Sources

Publications for Agoraphobia

Articles related to Agoraphobia:

(show top 50) (show all 3228)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Associations between serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and panic disorder. ⁵³ ⁶²	Maron E...Shlik J	15670397	2005
2	Norepinephrine transporter (NET) promoter and 5'-UTR polymorphisms: association analysis in panic disorder. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lee YJ...Deckert J	15722184	2005
3	Association of a functional 1019C>G 5-HT1A receptor gene polymorphism with panic disorder with agoraphobia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rothe C...Lesch KP	14984628	2004
4	Increased psychological responses and divergent neuroendocrine responses to m-CPP and ipsapirone in patients with panic disorder. ⁵³ ⁶²	Broocks A...Hajak G	10870873	2000
5	Influence of personality on behavioral response to cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide in patients with panic disorder. ⁵³ ⁶²	Koszycki D...Bradwejn J	8771610	1996
6	A placebo-controlled trial of L-365,260, a CCKB antagonist, in panic disorder. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kramer MS...Reines S	7786960	1995
7	Experiences of Patients and Therapists Testing a Virtual Reality Exposure App for Symptoms of Claustrophobia: Mixed Methods Study. ⁶²	Mayer G...Schultz JH	36469413	2022
8	Anxiety and cognitive functioning in the Maastricht study: A cross-sectional population study. ⁶²	Gulpers BJA...Kohler S	36162695	2022
9	Virtual reality in the diagnostic and therapy for mental disorders: A systematic review. ⁶²	Wiebe A...Braun N	36356351	2022
10	COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in patients with mental illness: strategies to overcome barriers-a review. ⁶²	Payberah E...Gude J	35079435	2022
11	The Bergen 4-day treatment for panic disorder: replication and implementation in a new clinic. ⁶²	Iversen HM...Hagen K	36418989	2022
12	Estimating the Economic Value of Automated Virtual Reality Cognitive Therapy for Treating Agoraphobic Avoidance in Patients With Psychosis: Findings From the gameChange Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. ⁶²	Altunkaya J...Leal J	36399379	2022
13	The longitudinal course of anxiety, depression and apathy through two years after stroke. ⁶²	Sagen-Vik U...Dammen T	36063628	2022
14	Agoraphobic avoidance in patients with psychosis: Severity and response to automated VR therapy in a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled clinical trial. ⁶²	Freeman D...Waite F	36343472	2022
15	Incidence and risk factors for anxiety disorders in young adults: A population-based prospective cohort study. ⁶²	Guimaraes GO...Jansen K	36253174	2022
16	Incidences of anxiety disorders among active duty service members between 1999 and 2018. ⁶²	Russell PD...Morissette SB	36029531	2022
17	Religious Involvement and DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders Among African-Americans. ⁶²	Hodge DR...Boddie SC	35605210	2022
18	Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome Moderates the Relationship Between Fear of Coronavirus and Symptoms of Coronavirus-Specific Health Anxiety. ⁶²	Kowalski J...Gaweda L	36313604	2022
19	The effects of weather on depressive symptoms in patients after cardiac surgery. ⁶²	Vencloviene J...Benetis R	36203385	2022
20	German translation and validation of the brief Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument (brEASI). ⁶²	Michaelis R...Gandy M	35907288	2022
21	[The application of virtual reality in the treatment of mental disorders]. ⁶²	Tsamitros N...Gutwinski S	36053303	2022
22	The effectiveness of schema therapy for patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD: A systematic review and research agenda. ⁶²	Peeters N...Krans J	34296767	2022
23	Cognitive changes in health locus of control attributions after behavioral analysis in patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia. ⁶²	Kasvikis Y...Alexiou E	35477084	2022
24	Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ⁶²	Papola D...Barbui C	35049483	2022
25	Fear of COVID-19 and emotional dysfunction problems: Intrusive, avoidance and hyperarousal stress as key mediators. ⁶²	Falco R...PSICO-RECURSOS COVID-19 Study Group	36158304	2022
26	Valproate Adjuvant Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Panic Disorder Patients With Comorbid Bipolar Disorder: Case Series and Review of the Literature. ⁶²	Choi KY	36059050	2022
27	Body Mass Index and risk for onset of mood and anxiety disorders in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). ⁶²	de Wit L...de Graaf R	35918662	2022
28	Relation between anxiety disorders in adolescent mothers and dental fear in children. ⁶²	Costa VPP...Demarco FF	35962616	2022
29	Not always that EASI: Validating the Russian version of the epilepsy anxiety survey instrument and its brief counterpart. ⁶²	Zinchuk M...Guekht A	35753109	2022
30	Functional and structural social support in DSM-5 mood and anxiety disorders: A population-based study. ⁶²	Stewart RA...Cougle JR	35421420	2022
31	A network analysis of panic symptoms in relation to depression and anxiety sensitivity in patients with panic disorder. ⁶²	Cha EJ...Jeon HJ	35429524	2022
32	World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders - Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders. ⁶²	Bandelow B...Zohar J	35900161	2022
33	Relationship of behavioral inhibition to separation anxiety in a sample (N = 377) of adult individuals with mood and anxiety disorders. ⁶²	Pini S...Milrod B	35569286	2022
34	Age of onset of social anxiety disorder and psychiatric and mental health outcomes: Results from a nationally representative study. ⁶²	Peyre H...Delorme R	35489557	2022
35	Effects of anxiety on sedation among pediatric patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy. ⁶²	Choi YJ...Yi DY	35452583	2022
36	Is there an elephant in the room? A study of convergences and divergences of adult attachment measures commonly used in clinical studies. ⁶²	Strauss B...Petrowski K	34983333	2022
37	Correlations of plasma oxytocin with clinical and hormonal parameters in panic disorder. ⁶²	Masdrakis VG...Markianos M	35714973	2022
38	French adaptation and validation of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale-self-report. ⁶²	Roberge P...Norton PJ	35761266	2022
39	Cannabidiol enhancement of exposure therapy in treatment refractory patients with social anxiety disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia: A randomised controlled trial. ⁶²	Kwee CM...Cath DC	35561538	2022
40	Adolescent circadian patterns link with psychiatric problems: A multimodal approach. ⁶²	Kuula L...Pesonen AK	35397335	2022
41	'Thinking about Them is only making me feel worse'. The mediating role of metacognitive factors in the relationship between paranoia-like beliefs and psychopathology symptoms in a community sample. ⁶²	Kowalski J...Gaweda L	35640356	2022
42	Maximizing the non-specific factors in brief cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia: A multiple baseline case series documenting feasibility and initial efficacy. ⁶²	Samantaray NN...Sudhir PM	35339872	2022
43	Global prevalence of anxiety and PTSD in immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶²	Amiri S	35147917	2022
44	Internet psychotherapeutic interventions for anxiety disorders - a critical evaluation. ⁶²	Bandelow B...Wedekind D	35768807	2022
45	Elevated social anxiety symptoms across childhood and adolescence predict adult mental disorders and cannabis use. ⁶²	Krygsman A...Vaillancourt T	35245889	2022
46	Face-to-face versus Video Teleconference Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Preliminary Comparison. ⁶²	Milosevic I...Rowa K	34159838	2022
47	Self-guided digital treatment with virtual reality for panic disorder and agoraphobia: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ⁶²	Planert J...Klucken T	35597959	2022
48	An interpretable radiomics model for the diagnosis of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia using magnetic resonance imaging. ⁶²	Bang M...Lee SH	35248666	2022
49	Inpatient psychotherapy for depression in a large routine clinical care sample: A Bayesian approach to examining clinical outcomes and predictors of change. ⁶²	Herzog P...Brakemeier EL	35219740	2022
50	Epilepsy and Associated Factors Among Adults Hospitalized for Attempted Suicide. ⁶²	Akrout Brizard B...Baeza-Velasco C	35510836	2022

Sources

Genes for Agoraphobia

Genes related to Agoraphobia (0 elite genes):

(show all 24)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	HTR1A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A	Protein Coding	16.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10870873 14984628
2	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	15.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	GLRB	Glycine Receptor Beta	Protein Coding	13.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	NPSR1	Neuropeptide S Receptor 1	Protein Coding	13.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	MAOA	Monoamine Oxidase A	Protein Coding	12.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15670397
6	HCRTR1	Hypocretin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	11.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	PTK7	Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (Inactive)	Protein Coding	11.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	8771610
8	MIR22	MicroRNA 22	RNA Gene	10.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	GRP	Gastrin Releasing Peptide	Protein Coding	10.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	GRPR	Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor	Protein Coding	10.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	STMN1	Stathmin 1	Protein Coding	10.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	CCKBR	Cholecystokinin B Receptor	Protein Coding	9.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	7786960
13	SLC6A2	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 2	Protein Coding	8.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15722184
14	LOC110806262	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 Gene Promoter	Functional Element	7.73	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	NOS1	Nitric Oxide Synthase 1	Protein Coding	7.28	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	PIR	Pirin	Protein Coding	6.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
17	TMEM132D	Transmembrane Protein 132D	Protein Coding	6.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	CTU2	Cytosolic Thiouridylase Subunit 2	Protein Coding	6.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
19	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	6.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
20	PRODH	Proline Dehydrogenase 1	Protein Coding	6.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
21	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	6.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
22	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	6.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
23	RGS2	Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 2	Protein Coding	6.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
24	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	6.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Agoraphobia

Sources

Expression for Agoraphobia

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Agoraphobia.

Sources

Pathways for Agoraphobia

Pathways related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Monoamine transport ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Serotonin transporter activity ⁷⁴	10.89	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 NOS1 MAOA
2	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.88	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
3	Neurotransmitter clearance ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase ⁶⁶ Flavan-3-ol metabolic pathway ⁷⁴ Metabolism of serotonin ⁶⁶ Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶	10.73	SLC6A4 MAOA COMT
4	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine) ²²	10.69	MAOA COMT
5	Venlafaxine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Citalopram and Escitalopram Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Defective SLC6A2 causes orthostatic intolerance (OI) ⁶⁶ Lansoprazole Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Omeprazole and Esomeprazole Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	10.63	SLC6A4 SLC6A2
6	Dopamine metabolism ⁷⁴	10.48	MAOA COMT
7	Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Dopamine receptors ⁶⁶	10.38	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 MAOA HTR1A COMT
8	dopamine degradation ⁶¹	10.02	MAOA COMT

Sources

GO Terms for Agoraphobia

Cellular components related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane	GO:0016021	10.09	CCKBR COMT GLRB GRPR HCRTR1 HTR1A
2	membrane	GO:0016020	10.09	CCKBR COMT GLRB GRPR HCRTR1 HTR1A
3	plasma membrane	GO:0005886	9.7	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PTK7 NPSR1 HTR1A HCRTR1
4	plasma membrane	GO:0005887	9.7	SLC6A4 SLC6A2 PTK7 NPSR1 HTR1A HCRTR1

Biological processes related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	social behavior	GO:0035176	9.88	SLC6A4 GRPR GRP
2	righting reflex	GO:0060013	9.8	NPSR1 GLRB
3	dopamine catabolic process	GO:0042420	9.78	MAOA COMT
4	monoamine transport	GO:0015844	9.76	SLC6A4 SLC6A2
5	neurotransmitter catabolic process	GO:0042135	9.73	MAOA COMT
6	positive regulation of behavioral fear response	GO:2000987	9.67	GRP GRPR
7	positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange	GO:1903942	9.56	GRPR GRP
8	catecholamine metabolic process	GO:0006584	9.51	MAOA COMT
9	psychomotor behavior	GO:0036343	9.46	GRPR GRP
10	neurotransmitter reuptake	GO:0098810	9.32	SLC6A4 SLC6A2
11	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	9.32	NPSR1 HCRTR1 GRPR GRP GLRB
12	response to external biotic stimulus	GO:0043207	9.26	GRPR GRP

Molecular functions related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	serotonin binding	GO:0051378	9.26	SLC6A4 HTR1A
2	monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	GO:0008504	8.92	SLC6A4 SLC6A2

Sources

Sources for Agoraphobia

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: AGR002 MIFTS: 44	Agoraphobia Categories: Mental diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

Agoraphobia

Aliases & Classifications for Agoraphobia

MalaCards integrated aliases for Agoraphobia:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Agoraphobia

Related Diseases for Agoraphobia

Diseases related to Agoraphobia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Agoraphobia:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Agoraphobia

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Agoraphobia:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Agoraphobia

Drugs for Agoraphobia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :

Cochrane evidence based reviews: agoraphobia

Genetic Tests for Agoraphobia

Anatomical Context for Agoraphobia

Organs/tissues related to Agoraphobia:

Publications for Agoraphobia

Articles related to Agoraphobia:

Genes for Agoraphobia

Genes related to Agoraphobia (0 elite genes):

Variations for Agoraphobia

Expression for Agoraphobia

Pathways for Agoraphobia

Pathways related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Agoraphobia

Cellular components related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Agoraphobia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Agoraphobia

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :