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MCID: ALC007
MIFTS: 65

Alcohol Dependence

Categories: Cancer diseases, Genetic diseases, Mental diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Alcohol Dependence:

Name: Alcohol Dependence 57 12 73 36 29 6 15 39 17
Alcoholism 57 12 54 15
Aerodigestive Tract Cancer, Squamous Cell, Alcohol-Related, Protection Against 57 6
Alcohol Dependence, Protection Against 57 13
Alcohol Dependence, Susceptibility to 57 6
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic 70
Alcoholism, Susceptibility to 6
Pharyngeal Neoplasms 70

Characteristics:

OMIM®:

57 (Updated 20-May-2021)
Inheritance:
probably multifactorial, genetically influenced


HPO:

31
alcohol dependence:
Inheritance multifactorial inheritance


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0050741
OMIM® 57 103780
KEGG 36 H01611
SNOMED-CT 67 66590003
MedGen 41 C0001973
UMLS 70 C0001973 C0031347
Sources

Summaries for Alcohol Dependence

About this section
KEGG : 36 Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic but often disease that includes problems in controlling one's drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems, having to drink more to get the same effect (physical dependence), or having withdrawal symptoms when one rapidly decreases or stops drinking. The contribution of genetic factors to the development of AD is high. The best classical candidate genes for AD are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Both genes are involved in enzymatic degradation of alcohol. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported that the most robust associations for AD have been with such enzyme genes, especially ALDH2 in East Asian populations and ADH1B in European American and African American populations.

MalaCards based summary : Alcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is related to alcohol use disorder and personality disorder. An important gene associated with Alcohol Dependence is ADH1B (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (Class I), Beta Polypeptide), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Alcoholism and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The drugs Menthol and sodium fluoride have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, brain and skin, and related phenotypes are alcoholism and Decreased viability

Disease Ontology : 12 A substance dependence that is characterized by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, increasing use, persistent desire to decrease consumption, time spent obtaining or recovering from alcohol caused by a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.

Wikipedia : 73 Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is... more...

More information from OMIM: 103780
Sources

Related Diseases for Alcohol Dependence

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Diseases related to Alcohol Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 644)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 alcohol use disorder 33.4 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 HTR2A GGT1 GABRA2
2 personality disorder 32.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2 ALDH2
3 depression 32.1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
4 substance abuse 32.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2
5 drug dependence 32.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 GABRA2 DRD2
6 anxiety 32.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2
7 substance dependence 32.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 MAOA GABRA2
8 mental depression 32.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
9 post-traumatic stress disorder 32.0 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
10 major depressive disorder 31.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
11 antisocial personality disorder 31.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2 DRD2
12 conduct disorder 31.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA GABRA2 DRD2 ALDH2
13 bipolar disorder 31.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A GGT1 GABRA2
14 withdrawal disorder 31.8 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1
15 tobacco addiction 31.8 TAS2R16 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA
16 mood disorder 31.8 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
17 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 31.7 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
18 opiate dependence 31.7 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
19 cocaine dependence 31.7 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A GABRA2
20 psychotic disorder 31.7 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
21 schizophrenia 31.6 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A
22 social phobia 31.6 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
23 panic disorder 31.6 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
24 pathological gambling 31.5 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
25 liver cirrhosis 31.5 GGT1 CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
26 borderline personality disorder 31.4 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
27 generalized anxiety disorder 31.4 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
28 agoraphobia 31.3 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
29 dysthymic disorder 31.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A
30 sleep disorder 31.3 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 HTR2A
31 eating disorder 31.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 HTR2A DRD2
32 disease of mental health 31.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 NRXN3 MAOA
33 obsessive-compulsive disorder 31.2 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
34 alcoholic cardiomyopathy 31.1 CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1B
35 oppositional defiant disorder 31.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2 DRD2
36 cocaine abuse 31.1 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRK1 DRD2
37 bipolar i disorder 31.0 SLC6A4 HTR2A DRD2
38 endogenous depression 31.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
39 opioid addiction 31.0 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
40 bulimia nervosa 31.0 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
41 narcolepsy 31.0 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
42 phobia, specific 30.9 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
43 paranoid schizophrenia 30.9 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
44 heroin dependence 30.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
45 alcoholic pancreatitis 30.9 CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
46 pancreatitis 30.9 CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
47 schizoaffective disorder 30.9 SLC6A4 HTR2A DRD2
48 migraine with or without aura 1 30.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
49 alcoholic psychosis 30.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 HTR2A
50 gilles de la tourette syndrome 30.9 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Alcohol Dependence:



Diseases related to Alcohol Dependence
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

Human phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence:

31
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 alcoholism 31 HP:0030955

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

57 (Updated 20-May-2021)
Neuro:
alcoholism

Misc:
25 to 50% lifetime risk for sons and brothers of severely alcoholic men

Clinical features from OMIM®:

103780 (Updated 20-May-2021)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Decreased viability GR00106-A-0 9.66 MAOA
2 Decreased viability GR00221-A-1 9.66 GABRA2
3 Decreased viability GR00221-A-2 9.66 GABRA2
4 Decreased viability GR00221-A-4 9.66 GABRA2
5 Decreased viability GR00249-S 9.66 ADH7 GGT1 NRXN3 OPRK1 SLC6A4
6 Decreased viability GR00381-A-1 9.66 ADH1C ADH4 GGT1 SLC6A4
7 Decreased viability GR00381-A-3 9.66 SLC6A4
8 Decreased viability GR00386-A-1 9.66 ADH1C ALDH2 ALDH9A1 TAS2R16
9 Decreased viability GR00402-S-2 9.66 ADH7 ALDH9A1 OPRK1 OPRM1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 9.93 ADH7 ALDH2 CYP2E1 DRD2 GABRA2 GGT1
2 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 9.61 ALDH2 DRD2 GABRR2 GGT1 HTR2A OPRK1
3 integument MP:0010771 9.28 ALDH2 ALDH9A1 DRD2 GABRA2 GGT1 OPRK1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

Drugs for Alcohol Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 865)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Menthol Approved Phase 4 2216-51-5 16666
2
sodium fluoride Approved Phase 4 7681-49-4
3
Oxycodone Approved, Illicit, Investigational Phase 4 76-42-6 5284603
4
Sargramostim Approved, Investigational Phase 4 123774-72-1, 83869-56-1
5
Lenograstim Approved, Investigational Phase 4 135968-09-1
6
Glimepiride Approved Phase 4 93479-97-1 3476
7
Ondansetron Approved Phase 4 99614-02-5 4595
8
Oxytocin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-56-6 439302 53477758
9
Nicotine Approved Phase 4 54-11-5 942 89594
10
Methadone Approved Phase 4 76-99-3 4095
11
Ribavirin Approved Phase 4 36791-04-5 37542
12
Memantine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 19982-08-2 4054
13
Oxazepam Approved Phase 4 604-75-1 4616
14
Exenatide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 141758-74-9 15991534
15
Citalopram Approved Phase 4 59729-33-8 2771
16
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved Phase 4 28014-46-2
17
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-28-2 5757
18
Povidone-iodine Approved Phase 4 25655-41-8
19
Povidone Approved Phase 4 9003-39-8 131751496
20
Iodine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7553-56-2 807
21
Pancrelipase Approved, Investigational Phase 4 53608-75-6
22
Insulin aspart Approved Phase 4 116094-23-6 16132418
23
Risperidone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 106266-06-2 5073
24
Cetylpyridinium Approved Phase 4 7773-52-6
25
Acetaminophen Approved Phase 4 103-90-2 1983
26
Prednisone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 53-03-2 5865
27
Esomeprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4 161796-78-7, 161973-10-0, 119141-88-7 9568614 4594
28
Chlordiazepoxide Approved, Illicit, Investigational Phase 4 58-25-3 2712
29
Carbamazepine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 298-46-4 2554
30
Insulin glargine Approved Phase 4 160337-95-1
31
Licorice Approved Phase 4
32
Clindamycin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 18323-44-9 29029
33
Amoxicillin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 26787-78-0 33613
34
Teicoplanin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 61036-62-2
35
Pitavastatin Approved Phase 4 147511-69-1, 147526-32-7 6366718 5282452
36
Haloperidol Approved Phase 4 52-86-8 3559
37
Rifampicin Approved Phase 4 13292-46-1 5458213 5381226
38
Gliclazide Approved Phase 4 21187-98-4 3475
39
Insulin detemir Approved Phase 4 169148-63-4 5311023
40
Emtricitabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 143491-57-0 60877
41
Opium Approved, Illicit Phase 4 8008-60-4
42
Metoprolol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51384-51-1, 37350-58-6 4171
43
Metformin Approved Phase 4 657-24-9 14219 4091
44
Angiotensin II Approved, Investigational Phase 4 68521-88-0, 4474-91-3, 11128-99-7 172198
45
Liraglutide Approved Phase 4 204656-20-2 44147092
46
Amiodarone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1951-25-3 2157
47
Empagliflozin Approved Phase 4 864070-44-0
48
Alogliptin Approved Phase 4 850649-61-5 11450633
49
Isoniazid Approved, Investigational Phase 4 54-85-3 3767
50
Sofosbuvir Approved Phase 4 1190307-88-0 45375808

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 3330)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Antabuse in Severe Alcoholism: an Open Controlled Study Unknown status NCT00431262 Phase 4 antabuse (disulfiram)
2 Topiramate for Hospitalized Patients With Alcoholism: a 12-Week Open-Label Study Unknown status NCT01135602 Phase 4 Topiramate
3 The Role of Pharmacotherapy in Prevention of Relapse in Alcohol Dependence Unknown status NCT00120601 Phase 4 Naltrexone;Acamprosate
4 Safety of Acamprosate for Alcohol Dependence in the Elderly: An Open-Label Study Unknown status NCT00655967 Phase 4 Acamprosate (Campral);Acamprosate
5 Prospective Assessment of Valproate on Ethanol Withdrawal Unknown status NCT03235531 Phase 4 Valproate;Lorazepam
6 A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Fluoxetine With Bupropion for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Alcoholism (Abuse or Dependence) Unknown status NCT00449007 Phase 4 fluoxetine;bupropion
7 The Effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Treatment of Alcohol and Cocaine Use Disorders: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Unknown status NCT03018236 Phase 4 Alcohol N-acetylcysteine;Alcohol Placebo;Cocaine N-acetylcysteine;Cocaine Placebo
8 Effectiveness of the Lavage With 70% Alcohol Plus 0.5% Chlorhexidine Compared to 70% Alcohol for Chemical Matricectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Ingrown Toenails Unknown status NCT01844141 Phase 4 70% alcohol;70% alcohol - 0.5% clorhexidine
9 Using Imaging to Assess Effects of THC on Brain Activity Unknown status NCT03655717 Phase 4 Dronabinol;Ethanol;Placebo Dronabinol;Placebo Ethanol
10 Randomized,Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Phytotherapic Compound "Bromelin" on Acute Irritative Cough Unknown status NCT01356693 Phase 4 Bromelin;Placebo
11 A Randomized, Blinded, Single Center Study to Assess the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Breast Cancer Surgery After Preoperative Skin Preparation With Chlorhexidine 2% in Alcohol 70% (CHLORAPREP ®) Versus 10% Povidone-iodine Unknown status NCT02479347 Phase 4 Chlorhexidine;Povidone-Iodine
12 Comparative Study of a Iodine + Cyanoacrylate (Integuseal) vs. Iodine and Isopropyl Alcohol in Skin Preparation for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Oncologic Surgery Unknown status NCT01110772 Phase 4
13 Clinical Trial of Cinobufacini Combined With Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) on Primary Liver Cancer Unknown status NCT03843229 Phase 4 Cinobufacini injection;cinobufacini tablet
14 Prostatic Artery Embolization Versus 532 nm Green Light Laser Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate for Treating Catheter-Dependent Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study Unknown status NCT02006303 Phase 4
15 Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Unknown status NCT01883596 Phase 4 0.12% chlorhexidine solution;Placebo
16 Magen Haim Project - Assessing Hand Hygiene Formulas Unknown status NCT03188549 Phase 4
17 Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Alcoholic Hepatitis Unknown status NCT03703674 Phase 4 GCSF
18 Placebo Controlled Study Using Lovaza as Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Unknown status NCT00941642 Phase 4 Lovaza;placebo control
19 Pleiotropic Effects and Safety of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor Versus Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Unknown status NCT02649465 Phase 4 Tofogliflozin;Glimepiride
20 Effect of Probiotics on Gut-Liver Axis of Alcoholic Hepatitis Unknown status NCT02335632 Phase 4 Probiotics (Lacidofil®);Placebo
21 Efficacy and Safety of S-adenosyl-l-methionine in Treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis With Cholestasis Unknown status NCT02024295 Phase 4 Ademethionine;Polyene Phosphatidyl choline;Ademethionine
22 Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Plus N-Acetyl Cysteine In Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis Unknown status NCT02971306 Phase 4 standard medical therapy;G-CSF;n-Acetylcysteine
23 THE EFFECT OF DUAL TREATMENT WITH L-CARNITINE AND MAGNESIUM ON Patients With Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Unknown status NCT01956825 Phase 4
24 A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Versus Ezetimibe Plus Lifestyle in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Unknown status NCT01950884 Phase 4 Ezetimibe
25 Losartan in the Prevention of Sodium Retention and Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis - a Prospective Randomized Long-Term Study Unknown status NCT00239096 Phase 4 losartan (drug)
26 Cognitive, Behavioral and Aging Effects of Pain Medication in Alcohol Users Unknown status NCT02945293 Phase 4
27 An Randomized Open Label Trial on the Impact of 24 Weeks of Atorvastatin Therapy on Liver Fat Content and Abdominal Fat Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Combined With High LDL-C and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Unknown status NCT01720719 Phase 4 atorvastatin;Vitamin E
28 Effect of Metadoxine on Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prediabetic Mexican Patients Unknown status NCT02051842 Phase 4 Metadoxine
29 Immediate Effect and Substantivity of the Essential Oils Without Alcohol on the Oral Biofilm in Situ. A Randomized Clinical Trial Unknown status NCT02946814 Phase 4 essential oils;essential oils without mouthwash;sterile water
30 Comparative Study on Development of Paradoxical Excitement Response During Sedation Using Dexmedetomidine or Propofol in Hazardous Alcohol Drinkers Unknown status NCT02197403 Phase 4 Dexmedetomidine;Propofol
31 Essential Oils With and Without Alcohol: in Vivo Antibacterial Effect Unknown status NCT03146390 Phase 4 Essential oils;Alcohol free essential oils
32 Disulfiram Combined With Lorazepam for Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Primary or Secondary Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00721526 Phase 4 disulfiram plus lorazepam
33 Multinational, Multicentre, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Evaluation of the Efficacy of GHB in the Long-term Maintenance of Abstinence in Alcoholic Patients After the Initial Weaning Phase, Stratified by Lesch's Taxonomy (GATE 2) Completed NCT04648423 Phase 4 Sodium Oxybate;Placebo
34 Primary Care Based Disease Management for Alcohol Dependence Completed NCT00419315 Phase 4
35 The Effects of VIVITROL® on Alcohol-Related Cue-Induced Craving and BOLD [Blood Oxygen-level-dependent] Functional Magnetic Resolution Imaging (fMRI) Signal Activation Patterns Completed NCT00511836 Phase 4 VIVITROL 380 mg;Placebo
36 Acamprosate and Integrative Behavior Therapy in the Outpatient Treatment of Alcohol Dependents Completed NCT00159107 Phase 4 Acamprosate;Placebo
37 Oral v. Injection Naltrexone in Hospital: Comparative Effectiveness for Alcoholism Completed NCT02478489 Phase 4 Oral naltrexone (PO-NTX);Extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX)
38 A Controlled Trial of Topiramate Treatment for Alcohol Dependence in Veterans With PTSD Completed NCT01749215 Phase 4 Topiramate;placebo
39 Citicoline for Alcohol Dependence Completed NCT02074735 Phase 4 Placebo;Citicoline
40 Quetiapine for Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence Completed NCT00457197 Phase 4 Placebo;Quetiapine
41 Randomized, Open-label Clinical Trial of Extended-Release vs. Oral Naltrexone for Alcohol Treatment in Primary Care. Completed NCT01893827 Phase 4 XR-NTX (Extended-Release Naltrexone);Oral Naltrexone (O-NTX)
42 Substance Dependent Teens - Impact of Treating Depression Study 1 Completed NCT00061113 Phase 4 Fluoxetine + outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy;fluoxetine;placebo + CBT
43 Improving Hepatitis C Treatment in Injection Drug Users Completed NCT00148031 Phase 4 Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
44 Naltrexone for Heavy Drinking in Young Adults Completed NCT00568958 Phase 4 naltrexone;placebo naltrexone
45 Naltrexone: Consummatory Behaviors in Alcoholic Women Completed NCT00000448 Phase 4 naltrexone;Placebo
46 Genetic and Brain Mechanisms of Naltrexone?s Treatment Efficacy for Alcoholism Completed NCT00920829 Phase 4 Naltrexone 50 Mg;Placebo
47 Identifying Multiple Mechanisms of Change in Alcoholism Treatment Completed NCT01168960 Phase 4
48 The Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid in Alcohol-dependence Treatment Efficacy (GATE) I Trial: a Comparative Study Versus Oxazepam in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Completed NCT02090504 Phase 4 Sodium Oxybate (SMO);Oxazepam
49 Alcohol Research Center Grant. Component #1: Naltrexone Effects on Alcohol Reactivity and Consumption, Evaluating the Genetic Variability of Naltrexone Response Completed NCT00366626 Phase 4 Naltrexone;Placebo
50 Zonisamide vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence Completed NCT00595556 Phase 4 zonisamide;Placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Alcohol Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 70 / NDF-RT 51 :


Citalopram
Citalopram hydrobromide
Disulfiram
Naltrexone
Naltrexone hydrochloride
Ondansetron
Ondansetron Hydrochloride
Sources

Genetic Tests for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

Genetic tests related to Alcohol Dependence:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Alcohol Dependence 29 ADH1B ADH1C GABRA2 HTR2A
Sources

Anatomical Context for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Alcohol Dependence:

40
Liver, Brain, Skin, Cortex, Heart, Bone, Amygdala
Sources

Publications for Alcohol Dependence

About this section

Articles related to Alcohol Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 34864)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms in men with type I and Type II alcoholism. 6 57 54 61
15863807 2005
2
Alcoholism and alcohol drinking habits predicted from alcohol dehydrogenase genes. 57 6 61
17923853 2008
3
Major genetic components underlying alcoholism in Korean population. 61 6 57
18056758 2008
4
Functional variants in TAS2R38 and TAS2R16 influence alcohol consumption in high-risk families of African-American origin. 61 6 57
17250611 2007
5
Functional variant in a bitter-taste receptor (hTAS2R16) influences risk of alcohol dependence. 57 6 61
16385453 2006
6
Alcoholism susceptibility loci: confirmation studies in a replicate sample and further mapping. 57 6 61
10923994 2000
7
Genome-wide search for genes affecting the risk for alcohol dependence. 57 6 61
9603606 1998
8
A regulatory variation in OPRK1, the gene encoding the kappa-opioid receptor, is associated with alcohol dependence. 61 54 57
18319328 2008
9
Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis. 61 54 57
16571603 2006
10
CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders: results from an extended case-control structured association study. 61 57 54
16000316 2005
11
Meta-analysis of the association of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with alcohol dependence. 54 61 57
15635638 2005
12
Evidence of common and specific genetic effects: association of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene with alcohol dependence and major depressive syndrome. 54 57 61
15229186 2004
13
A functional neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism associated with alcohol dependence in a large population sample from the United States. 54 61 57
12215082 2002
14
Hangover symptoms in Asian Americans with variations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene. 6 54 61
10627091 2000
15
Association between the functional variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and type 1 alcoholism. 54 61 57
10395222 1999
16
Linkage disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci and risk of alcoholism. 54 61 6
10090900 1999
17
Integrating GWASs and human protein interaction networks identifies a gene subnetwork underlying alcohol dependence. 57 61
24268660 2013
18
Ordered subset linkage analysis based on admixture proportion identifies new linkage evidence for alcohol dependence in African-Americans. 57 61
23239122 2013
19
A systematic gene-based screen of chr4q22-q32 identifies association of a novel susceptibility gene, DKK2, with the quantitative trait of alcohol dependence symptom counts. 61 57
20332099 2010
20
ADH single nucleotide polymorphism associations with alcohol metabolism in vivo. 57 61
19193628 2009
21
Associations of ADH and ALDH2 gene variation with self report alcohol reactions, consumption and dependence: an integrated analysis. 57 61
18996923 2009
22
The OPRD1 and OPRK1 loci in alcohol or drug dependence: OPRD1 variation modulates substance dependence risk. 61 57
17622222 2008
23
Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism. 57 61
18276852 2008
24
Smoking and alcoholism target genes associated with plasticity and glutamate transmission in the human ventral tegmental area. 57 61
17928304 2008
25
Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms. 57 61
17804423 2007
26
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for partial protection against alcoholism in Asians, heterozygous for the variant ALDH2*2 gene allele. 6 61
17885622 2007
27
The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. 61 6
17718394 2007
28
Genomewide linkage study in the Irish affected sib pair study of alcohol dependence: evidence for a susceptibility region for symptoms of alcohol dependence on chromosome 4. 61 57
16534506 2006
29
Joint analysis of the NACP-REP1 marker within the alpha synuclein gene concludes association with alcohol dependence. 61 57
15731118 2005
30
Haplotype-based localization of an alcohol dependence gene to the 5q34 {gamma}-aminobutyric acid type A gene cluster. 61 57
15630072 2005
31
Association of the -141C Del variant of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) with positive family history and suicidality in German alcoholics. 61 57
15389757 2005
32
Genomic screen for loci associated with alcohol dependence in Mission Indians. 61 57
15274051 2004
33
A genome wide search for alcoholism susceptibility genes. 57 61
15211641 2004
34
Variations in GABRA2, encoding the alpha 2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. 6 61
15024690 2004
35
Confirmation and fine mapping of the chromosome 1 alcohol dependence risk locus. 57 61
15094791 2004
36
Ethanol consumption and DRD2 gene TaqI a polymorphism among socially drinking males. 61 57
12749054 2003
37
A global perspective on genetic variation at the ADH genes reveals unusual patterns of linkage disequilibrium and diversity. 6 61
12050823 2002
38
Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to alcoholism and affective disorder. 57 61
11329392 2001
39
Genetics of event-related brain potentials in response to a semantic priming paradigm in families with a history of alcoholism. 57 61
11102287 2001
40
Regulation of the mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase genes. 6 61
10697413 2000
41
Involvement of acetaldehyde for full protection against alcoholism by homozygosity of the variant allele of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in Asians. 6 61
10780266 1999
42
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Variations for Alcohol Dependence

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Alcohol Dependence:

6
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID Position
1 ALDH2 NM_000690.4(ALDH2):c.1510G>A (p.Glu504Lys) SNV protective 18390 rs671 GRCh37: 12:112241766-112241766
GRCh38: 12:111803962-111803962
2 ADH1B NM_000668.6(ADH1B):c.1108C>T (p.Arg370Cys) SNV protective 18183 rs2066702 GRCh37: 4:100229017-100229017
GRCh38: 4:99307860-99307860
3 ADH1C NM_000669.5(ADH1C):c.1048A>G (p.Ile350Val) SNV protective 18180 rs698 GRCh37: 4:100260789-100260789
GRCh38: 4:99339632-99339632
4 ADH1C NM_000669.5(ADH1C):c.815G>A (p.Arg272Gln) SNV protective 18179 rs1693482 GRCh37: 4:100263965-100263965
GRCh38: 4:99342808-99342808
5 ADH1B NM_000668.5(ADH1B):c.143A= (p.His48=) SNV protective 18182 rs1229984 GRCh37: 4:100239319-100239319
GRCh38: 4:99318162-99318162
6 ADH1B NM_000668.5(ADH1B):c.143A= (p.His48=) SNV protective 18182 rs1229984 GRCh37: 4:100239319-100239319
GRCh38: 4:99318162-99318162
7 TAS2R16 NM_016945.3(TAS2R16):c.516T>G (p.Asn172Lys) SNV risk factor 5333 rs846664 GRCh37: 7:122635173-122635173
GRCh38: 7:122995119-122995119
8 GABRA2 NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.188-4371A>T SNV risk factor 16220 rs279836 GRCh37: 4:46339070-46339070
GRCh38: 4:46337053-46337053
9 GABRA2 NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.255+4909A>T SNV risk factor 16219 rs279845 GRCh37: 4:46329723-46329723
GRCh38: 4:46327706-46327706
10 GABRA2 NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.704-104A>G SNV risk factor 16218 rs279871 GRCh37: 4:46305733-46305733
GRCh38: 4:46303716-46303716

Copy number variations for Alcohol Dependence from CNVD:

7 (show top 50) (show all 130)
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 47606 10 95535368 95541692 Copy number LGI1 Alcoholism
2 164176 22 35465251 35493026 Copy number IFT27 Alcoholism
3 266214 X 94932922 94947252 Copy number Alcoholism
4 266039 X 92390816 92762114 Copy number Alcoholism
5 265901 X 91565635 91566714 Copy number PCDH11X Alcoholism
6 265754 X 88330836 88702538 Copy number Alcoholism
7 265534 X|Y 1415508 1461582 Copy number IL3RA Alcoholism
8 265533 X|Y 1347700 1388827 Copy number CSF2RA Alcoholism
9 265532 X|Y 1274886 1687565 Copy number CRLF2 Alcoholism
10 265493 X 81787612 81874294 Copy number Alcoholism
11 265343 X 78772193 78812486 Copy number Alcoholism
12 265228 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number TAF9B Alcoholism
13 265227 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number PGK1 Alcoholism
14 265226 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number PGAM4 Alcoholism
15 265225 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number MAGT1 Alcoholism
16 265224 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number COX7B Alcoholism
17 265223 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number ATRX Alcoholism
18 265222 X 76603730 77413482 Copy number ATP7A Alcoholism
19 264719 X 69649374 69651123 Copy number Alcoholism
20 264659 X 69202083 69224923 Copy number Alcoholism
21 264608 X 68611199 68653758 Copy number FAM155B Alcoholism
22 264492 X 66979215 67325231 Copy number OPHN1 Alcoholism
23 263977 X 56670955 56976220 Copy number Alcoholism
24 263947 X 55719150 55723443 Copy number Alcoholism
25 263229 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number ZNF81 Alcoholism
26 263228 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number ZNF630 Alcoholism
27 263227 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number ZNF182 Alcoholism
28 263226 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SSX9P Alcoholism
29 263225 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SSX6P Alcoholism
30 263224 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SSX5 Alcoholism
31 263223 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SSX3 Alcoholism
32 263222 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SSX1 Alcoholism
33 263221 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SPACA5B Alcoholism
34 263220 X 47606948 48104013 Copy number SPACA5 Alcoholism
35 263067 X 46317980 46319778 Copy number CHST7 Alcoholism
36 263009 X 4492766 5343179 Copy number Alcoholism
37 262674 X 38451004 38482237 Copy number Alcoholism