Alcohol Dependence disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: ALC007 MIFTS: 65	Alcohol Dependence Categories: Cancer diseases, Genetic diseases, Mental diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Alcohol Dependence

MalaCards integrated aliases for Alcohol Dependence:

Name: Alcohol Dependence ⁵⁷ ¹¹ ⁷⁵ ²⁸ ⁵ ¹⁴ ³⁸ ³³

Alcoholism ⁵⁷ ¹¹ ⁵³ ¹⁴ ³³

Aerodigestive Tract Cancer, Squamous Cell, Alcohol-Related, Protection Against ⁵⁷ ⁵

Alcohol Dependence, Protection Against ⁵⁷ ¹²

Alcohol Dependence, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷ ⁵

Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic ⁷¹

Alcoholism, Susceptibility to ⁵

Chronic Alcoholic Disease Nos ³³

Alcoholic Disease Nos ³³

Pharyngeal Neoplasms ⁷¹

Chronic Alcoholism ³³

Ethanol Dependence ³³

Chronic Ethanolism ³³

Alcohol Addiction ³³

Dipsomania ³³

Alcoholic ³³

Characteristics:

Inheritance:

Probably multifactorial genetically influenced ⁵⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD11: ³³

Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders

Disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours

Disorders due to substance use

Disorders due to use of alcohol

Alcohol dependence

Alcohol dependence, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:0050741

OMIM® ⁵⁷ 103780

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 66590003

MedGen ⁴⁰ C0001973

ICD11 ³³ 1580466198 1580466198/unspecified

UMLS ⁷¹ C0001973 C0031347

Sources

Summaries for Alcohol Dependence

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A substance dependence that is characterized by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, increasing use, persistent desire to decrease consumption, time spent obtaining or recovering from alcohol caused by a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.

MalaCards based summary: Alcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is related to alcohol use disorder and personality disorder. An important gene associated with Alcohol Dependence is GABRA2 (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Alpha2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Transmission across Chemical Synapses and Metapathway biotransformation Phase I and II. The drugs Diazepam and Ledipasvir have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, brain and prefrontal cortex, and related phenotypes are alcoholism and nervous system

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is... more...

More information from OMIM: 103780

Sources

Related Diseases for Alcohol Dependence

Diseases related to Alcohol Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1638)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	alcohol use disorder	33.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA GABRA2 DRD2
2	personality disorder	32.3	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
3	substance dependence	32.3	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 MAOA HTR2A
4	substance abuse	32.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 MAOA HTR2A
5	anxiety	32.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 MAOA HTR2A
6	drug dependence	32.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 MAOA GABRA2
7	post-traumatic stress disorder	32.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
8	major depressive disorder	32.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
9	tobacco addiction	32.1	TAS2R16 SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA
10	bipolar disorder	32.0	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2
11	withdrawal disorder	32.0	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
12	antisocial personality disorder	31.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2 DRD2
13	psychotic disorder	31.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A
14	conduct disorder	31.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA GABRA2 DRD2 ALDH2
15	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	31.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A
16	cocaine dependence	31.8	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 GABRA2 DRD2
17	mood disorder	31.8	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
18	opiate dependence	31.8	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
19	social phobia	31.7	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
20	schizophrenia	31.7	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A
21	panic disorder	31.6	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
22	pathological gambling	31.5	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
23	brunner syndrome	31.5	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
24	liver cirrhosis	31.5	CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
25	borderline personality disorder	31.5	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
26	generalized anxiety disorder	31.4	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
27	sleep disorder	31.4	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 HTR2A
28	dysthymic disorder	31.4	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A
29	agoraphobia	31.3	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
30	acute stress disorder	31.3	SLC6A4 HTR2A
31	eating disorder	31.3	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 HTR2A DRD2
32	bulimia nervosa	31.3	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
33	obsessive-compulsive disorder	31.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
34	alcoholic cardiomyopathy	31.2	CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH7 ADH1B
35	hepatic encephalopathy	31.2	OPRM1 MAOA DRD2
36	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	31.2	CYP2E1 ALDH9A1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
37	alexithymia	31.2	SLC6A4 HTR2A DRD2
38	cocaine abuse	31.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A DRD2
39	oppositional defiant disorder	31.2	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A GABRA2 DRD2
40	disease of mental health	31.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
41	alzheimer disease, familial, 1	31.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
42	endogenous depression	31.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
43	paranoid schizophrenia	31.1	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
44	gilles de la tourette syndrome	31.1	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
45	bipolar i disorder	31.0	SLC6A4 HTR2A DRD2
46	heroin dependence	30.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
47	anorexia nervosa	30.9	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
48	fetal alcohol syndrome	30.9	CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
49	narcolepsy	30.9	SLC6A3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2
50	tic disorder	30.9	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 NRXN3 MAOA HTR2A DRD2

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Alcohol Dependence:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Alcohol Dependence

Human phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence:

³⁰

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	alcoholism ³⁰			HP:0030955

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

⁵⁷ (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Neuro:
alcoholism

Misc:
25 to 50% lifetime risk for sons and brothers of severely alcoholic men

Clinical features from OMIM®:

103780 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.18	ADH1B ADH1C ADH4 ADH7 ALDH2 ALDH9A1
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.18	ADH1B ADH1C ADH4 ALDH2 CHRNA6 CYP2E1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Alcohol Dependence:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.73	ADH7 ALDH2 CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 LAMA2
2	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.4	ADH7 ALDH2 CYP2E1 DRD2 GABRA2 HTR2A

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Alcohol Dependence

Drugs for Alcohol Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 656)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Diazepam

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

439-14-5

3016

Ledipasvir

Approved

Phase 4

1256388-51-8

67505836

Sofosbuvir

Approved

Phase 4

1190307-88-0

45375808

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

135968-09-1

Angiotensin II

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68521-88-0, 11128-99-7, 4474-91-3

172198

Alogliptin

Approved

Phase 4

850649-61-5

11450633

Entecavir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

142217-69-4

153941

Alprostadil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

745-65-3

5280723

Glycyrrhizic acid

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

1405-86-3

3495 14982

Telmisartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

144701-48-4

65999

Amlodipine

Approved

Phase 4

88150-42-9

2162

Perindopril

Approved

Phase 4

82834-16-0, 107133-36-8

107807

Ondansetron

Approved, Withdrawn

Phase 4

99614-02-5

4595

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4

54-11-5

942 89594

Exenatide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

141758-74-9

45588096

Lorazepam

Approved

Phase 4

846-49-1

3958

Sodium oxybate

Approved

Phase 4

502-85-2

23663870

Oxazepam

Approved

Phase 4

604-75-1

4616

Baclofen

Approved

Phase 4

1134-47-0

2284

Varenicline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

249296-44-4

5310966

Memantine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

41100-52-1, 19982-08-2

4054

Levetiracetam

Approved

Phase 4

102767-28-2

441341 5284583

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-32-7, 59729-33-8

2771

Paroxetine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

61869-08-7

43815

Risperidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

106266-06-2

5073

Ribavirin

Approved

Phase 4

36791-04-5

37542

Carbamazepine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

298-46-4

2554

Benzyl alcohol

Approved

Phase 4

100-51-6

244

Atomoxetine

Approved

Phase 4

82248-59-7, 83015-26-3

54841

Isoniazid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

54-85-3

3767

Chlorzoxazone

Approved

Phase 4

95-25-0

2733

Chlorhexidine

Approved, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

Phase 4

55-56-1

2713 9552079

Adenosine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

58-61-7

60961

Povidone-iodine

Approved

Phase 4

25655-41-8

Gliclazide

Approved

Phase 4

21187-98-4

3475

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

53-03-2

5865

Ezetimibe

Approved

Phase 4

163222-33-1

150311

Montelukast

Approved

Phase 4

158966-92-8

5281040

Glimepiride

Approved

Phase 4

93479-97-1

3476

Insulin aspart

Approved

Phase 4

116094-23-6

16132418

Insulin detemir

Approved

Phase 4

169148-63-4

16137271

Phentermine

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

122-09-8

4771

Rifampicin

Approved

Phase 4

13292-46-1

135512673 5381226 135900090

Orlistat

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

96829-58-2

3034010

Racepinephrine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

51-43-4, 329-65-7

838 5816

Empagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

864070-44-0

73151030 11949646

Dapagliflozin

Approved

Phase 4

461432-26-8

9887712

Acetylcysteine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

616-91-1

581 12035

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51-45-6

774

Calcium carbonate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

471-34-1

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2647)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Safety of Acamprosate for Alcohol Dependence in the Elderly: An Open-Label Study	Unknown status	NCT00655967	Phase 4	Acamprosate (Campral);Acamprosate
2	The Role of Pharmacotherapy in Prevention of Relapse in Alcohol Dependence	Unknown status	NCT00120601	Phase 4	Naltrexone;Acamprosate
3	Topiramate for Hospitalized Patients With Alcoholism: a 12-Week Open-Label Study	Unknown status	NCT01135602	Phase 4	Topiramate
4	Prospective Assessment of Valproate on Ethanol Withdrawal	Unknown status	NCT03235531	Phase 4	Valproate;Lorazepam
5	Antabuse in Severe Alcoholism: an Open Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT00431262	Phase 4	antabuse (disulfiram)
6	Phone-based Safety Monitoring of the First Year of Baclofen Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: the BACLOPHONE Cohort Study	Unknown status	NCT02596763	Phase 4	Baclofen
7	The Effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Treatment of Alcohol and Cocaine Use Disorders: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.	Unknown status	NCT03018236	Phase 4	Alcohol N-acetylcysteine;Alcohol Placebo;Cocaine N-acetylcysteine;Cocaine Placebo
8	Baclofen Bij de Behandeling Van Acute Alcoholontwenning	Unknown status	NCT03293017	Phase 4	Diazepam 10 MG;Baclofen 30mg;Baclofen 60mg
9	Effect of Probiotics on Gut-Liver Axis of Alcoholic Hepatitis	Unknown status	NCT02335632	Phase 4	Probiotics (Lacidofil®);Placebo
10	A Phase IV, Single Arm, Open-Label Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in Treatment-Naive Alcoholic Subjects With Chronic Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Infection	Unknown status	NCT02759861	Phase 4	harvoni
11	Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Alcoholic Hepatitis	Unknown status	NCT03703674	Phase 4	GCSF
12	Effect of Metadoxine on Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prediabetic Mexican Patients	Unknown status	NCT02051842	Phase 4	Metadoxine
13	Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Plus N-Acetyl Cysteine In Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis	Unknown status	NCT02971306	Phase 4	standard medical therapy;G-CSF;n-Acetylcysteine
14	A Randomised Controlled Trial of Lifestyle Versus Ezetimibe Plus Lifestyle in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis	Unknown status	NCT01950884	Phase 4	Ezetimibe
15	THE EFFECT OF DUAL TREATMENT WITH L-CARNITINE AND MAGNESIUM ON Patients With Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Unknown status	NCT01956825	Phase 4
16	S.P.PRO LIVER POWDER is Used to Improve Liver and Metabolic Indexes in People With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Unknown status	NCT04718051	Phase 4	Shen Pu Yang Gan Wan;Placebo
17	Efficacy and Safety of S-adenosyl-l-methionine in Treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis With Cholestasis	Unknown status	NCT02024295	Phase 4	Ademethionine;Polyene Phosphatidyl choline
18	Effectiveness of Pre-surgical Hand Washing in Reducing Bacterial Load, Using an Alcoholic Solution of Chlorhexidine Digluconate and Potassium Sorbate	Unknown status	NCT04683146	Phase 4	Hand antisepsis with Propanolol- 1 60%.;Hand antisepsis with a solution of alcohol, chlorhexidine digluconate and potassium sorbate.
19	Placebo Controlled Study Using Lovaza as Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Unknown status	NCT00941642	Phase 4	Lovaza;placebo control
20	Comparison of The Effects of Thiazolidinediones(TZD), Sodium- Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors(SGLT2i) Alone and TZD / SGLT2i Combination Therapy on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Fatty Liver	Unknown status	NCT03646292	Phase 4	Pioglitazone;Empagliflozin;Combination of pioglitazone and empagliflozin
21	The Effect of Consecutive Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) - a Randomized-controlled Trial -	Unknown status	NCT04465032	Phase 4
22	Efficacy and Safety of Berberine in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Multicentre, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT03198572	Phase 4	Placebo;Berberine
23	To Evaluate the Effect of Nesinaact on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through MRI and Liver Fibroscan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Single-Center Clinical Study	Unknown status	NCT03950505	Phase 4	Nesinaact 25/15 (Alogliptin benzoate 25mg, pioglitazone hydrochloride 15mg) treatment for 24 weeks
24	An Randomized Open Label Trial on the Impact of 24 Weeks of Atorvastatin Therapy on Liver Fat Content and Abdominal Fat Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Combined With High LDL-C and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Unknown status	NCT01720719	Phase 4	atorvastatin;Vitamin E
25	Losartan in the Prevention of Sodium Retention and Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis - a Prospective Randomized Long-Term Study	Unknown status	NCT00239096	Phase 4	losartan (drug)
26	Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor(G-CSF) in the Treatment of Hepatic Failure: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Study	Unknown status	NCT02331745	Phase 4	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor;standard treatment
27	The Effect of Empagliflozin on NAFLD in Asian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes	Unknown status	NCT02964715	Phase 4	Empagliflozin
28	Pilot Study to Assess the Antiviral Activity and Safety of Besifovir Dipivoxil 150mg and L-carnitine 660mg Compared to Tenofovir Alafenamide 25mg in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver	Unknown status	NCT03604016	Phase 4	Besifovir dipivoxil;L-carnitine;Tenofovir Alafenamide
29	Randomized Study Comparing Switching to Raltegravir-based Antiretroviral Versus Maintaining Any Other Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV Monoinfected Patients Impact on Fatty Liver and Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods	Unknown status	NCT02210715	Phase 4	Isentress.
30	Evaluation of Perindopril and Telmisartan for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT02213224	Phase 4	Perindopril;Telmisartan;Amlodipine
31	Citicoline for Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT02074735	Phase 4	Placebo;Citicoline
32	Primary Care Based Disease Management for Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00419315	Phase 4
33	Disulfiram Combined With Lorazepam for Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Primary or Secondary Anxiety Disorder	Completed	NCT00721526	Phase 4	disulfiram plus lorazepam
34	The Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid in Alcohol-dependence Treatment Efficacy (GATE) I Trial: a Comparative Study Versus Oxazepam in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome	Completed	NCT02090504	Phase 4	Sodium Oxybate (SMO);Oxazepam
35	Phase Four Randomized, Multicentre, Open-Label, Comparative Trial Of Disulfiram, Nalterexone And Acamprosate In The Treatment Of Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00435435	Phase 4	Disulfiram;Acamprosate;Naltexone
36	Campral (Acamprosate) Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in a Family Medicine Setting: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study	Completed	NCT00381043	Phase 4	Acamprosate (Campral)
37	Pharmacogenetic Response to Naltrexone for Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00831272	Phase 4	naltrexone;Placebo
38	Quetiapine for Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00457197	Phase 4	Placebo;Quetiapine
39	Injectable Versus Oral Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Dependence In Serious Mental Illness (SMI): A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00453804	Phase 4	injectable naltrexone;oral naltrexone
40	Injectable Naltrexone Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in Serious Mental Illness (SMI): An Open Prospective Pilot Trial	Completed	NCT00453609	Phase 4	long-lasting injectable naltrexone
41	Naltrexone for Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00223275	Phase 4	Naltrexone
42	12 Week Prospective Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Seroquel SR for Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Anxiety	Completed	NCT00352469	Phase 4	Seroquel XR
43	The Use of Acamprosate in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Anxiety or Depression	Completed	NCT00330174	Phase 4	Acamprosate
44	Extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol) for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence in Urban Primary Care: a Feasibility Study	Completed	NCT00620750	Phase 4	Extended release injectable naltrexone (Vivitrol)
45	Zonisamide vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00595556	Phase 4	zonisamide;Placebo
46	A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Prazosin for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00167687	Phase 4	prazosin
47	Etiology and Treatment of Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00000442	Phase 4	naltrexone (Revia)
48	Nalmefene in Nicotine and Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT00000437	Phase 4	Naltrexone Tablet and Nicotine Patch;Naltrexone Tablet and Placebo Patch;Placebo Tablet and Nicotine Patch;Placebo Tablet and Placebo Patch
49	A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lamotrigine In Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Comorbid Alcohol Dependence	Completed	NCT01015586	Phase 4	Lamotrigine;Placebo
50	SSRI Treatment of Dual Diagnosis PTSD and Alcohol Dependence: A Test of the Serotonergic Hypothesis	Completed	NCT02504931	Phase 4	Sertraline;Placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Alcohol Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

Citalopram

Citalopram hydrobromide

Disulfiram

Naltrexone

Naltrexone hydrochloride

Ondansetron

Ondansetron Hydrochloride

Sources

Genetic Tests for Alcohol Dependence

Genetic tests related to Alcohol Dependence:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Alcohol Dependence ²⁸	ADH1B ADH1C GABRA2 HTR2A TAS2R16

Sources

Anatomical Context for Alcohol Dependence

Organs/tissues related to Alcohol Dependence:

MalaCards : Liver, Brain, Prefrontal Cortex, Bone Marrow, Skeletal Muscle, Cortex, Endothelial

Sources

Publications for Alcohol Dependence

Articles related to Alcohol Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 64092)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms in men with type I and Type II alcoholism. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Chai YG...Choi IG	15863807	2005
2	Alcoholism and alcohol drinking habits predicted from alcohol dehydrogenase genes. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Tolstrup JS...Gronbaek M	17923853	2008
3	Major genetic components underlying alcoholism in Korean population. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Kim DJ...Shin HD	18056758	2008
4	Functional variants in TAS2R38 and TAS2R16 influence alcohol consumption in high-risk families of African-American origin. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Wang JC...Goate AM	17250611	2007
5	Functional variant in a bitter-taste receptor (hTAS2R16) influences risk of alcohol dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Hinrichs AL...Goate AM	16385453	2006
6	Alcoholism susceptibility loci: confirmation studies in a replicate sample and further mapping. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Foroud T...Reich T	10923994	2000
7	Genome-wide search for genes affecting the risk for alcohol dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Reich T...Begleiter H	9603606	1998
8	A regulatory variation in OPRK1, the gene encoding the kappa-opioid receptor, is associated with alcohol dependence. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Edenberg HJ...Foroud T	18319328	2008
9	Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Edenberg HJ...Foroud T	16571603	2006
10	CHRM2 gene predisposes to alcohol dependence, drug dependence and affective disorders: results from an extended case-control structured association study. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Luo X...Gelernter J	16000316	2005
11	Meta-analysis of the association of a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with alcohol dependence. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Feinn R...Kranzler HR	15635638	2005
12	Evidence of common and specific genetic effects: association of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene with alcohol dependence and major depressive syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Wang JC...Bierut LJ	15229186	2004
13	A functional neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism associated with alcohol dependence in a large population sample from the United States. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Lappalainen J...Gelernter J	12215082	2002
14	Hangover symptoms in Asian Americans with variations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵	Wall TL...Carr LG	10627091	2000
15	Association between the functional variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and type 1 alcoholism. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Tiihonen J...Hietala J	10395222	1999
16	Linkage disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci and risk of alcoholism. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵	Osier M...Kidd KK	10090900	1999
17	Integrating GWASs and human protein interaction networks identifies a gene subnetwork underlying alcohol dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Han S...Gelernter J	24268660	2013
18	Ordered subset linkage analysis based on admixture proportion identifies new linkage evidence for alcohol dependence in African-Americans. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Han S...Yang BZ	23239122	2013
19	A systematic gene-based screen of chr4q22-q32 identifies association of a novel susceptibility gene, DKK2, with the quantitative trait of alcohol dependence symptom counts. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Kalsi G...Riley BP	20332099	2010
20	ADH single nucleotide polymorphism associations with alcohol metabolism in vivo. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Birley AJ...Whitfield JB	19193628	2009
21	Associations of ADH and ALDH2 gene variation with self report alcohol reactions, consumption and dependence: an integrated analysis. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Macgregor S...Whitfield JB	18996923	2009
22	The OPRD1 and OPRK1 loci in alcohol or drug dependence: OPRD1 variation modulates substance dependence risk. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Zhang H...Gelernter J	17622222	2008
23	Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	George DT...Heilig M	18276852	2008
24	Smoking and alcoholism target genes associated with plasticity and glutamate transmission in the human ventral tegmental area. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Flatscher-Bader T...Wilce PA	17928304	2008
25	Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Hishimoto A...Uhl GR	17804423	2007
26	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for partial protection against alcoholism in Asians, heterozygous for the variant ALDH2*2 gene allele. ⁶² ⁵	Peng GS...Yin SJ	17885622	2007
27	The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. ⁶² ⁵	Edenberg HJ	17718394	2007
28	Genomewide linkage study in the Irish affected sib pair study of alcohol dependence: evidence for a susceptibility region for symptoms of alcohol dependence on chromosome 4. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Prescott CA...Kendler KS	16534506	2006
29	Joint analysis of the NACP-REP1 marker within the alpha synuclein gene concludes association with alcohol dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Bonsch D...Bleich S	15731118	2005
30	Association of the -141C Del variant of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) with positive family history and suicidality in German alcoholics. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Johann M...Wodarz N	15389757	2005
31	Haplotype-based localization of an alcohol dependence gene to the 5q34 {gamma}-aminobutyric acid type A gene cluster. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Radel M...Goldman D	15630072	2005
32	Genomic screen for loci associated with alcohol dependence in Mission Indians. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Ehlers CL...Wilhelmsen KC	15274051	2004
33	A genome wide search for alcoholism susceptibility genes. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Hill SY...Allan W	15211641	2004
34	Variations in GABRA2, encoding the alpha 2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. ⁶² ⁵	Edenberg HJ...Begleiter H	15024690	2004
35	Confirmation and fine mapping of the chromosome 1 alcohol dependence risk locus. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Lappalainen J...Gelernter J	15094791	2004
36	Ethanol consumption and DRD2 gene TaqI a polymorphism among socially drinking males. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Hallikainen T...Tiihonen J	12749054	2003
37	A global perspective on genetic variation at the ADH genes reveals unusual patterns of linkage disequilibrium and diversity. ⁶² ⁵	Osier MV...Kidd KK	12050823	2002
38	Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to alcoholism and affective disorder. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Nurnberger JI...Reich W	11329392	2001
39	Genetics of event-related brain potentials in response to a semantic priming paradigm in families with a history of alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Almasy L...Begleiter H	11102287	2001
40	Regulation of the mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase genes. ⁶² ⁵	Edenberg HJ	10697413	2000
41	Involvement of acetaldehyde for full protection against alcoholism by homozygosity of the variant allele of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in Asians. ⁶² ⁵	Peng GS...Yin SJ	10780266	1999
42	Association of a polymorphism of the 5HT2A receptor gene promoter region with alcohol dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Nakamura T...Higuchi S	10089015	1999
43	Recent progress toward the identification of genes related to risk for alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Buck KJ	9880654	1998
44	Evidence for genetic linkage to alcohol dependence on chromosomes 4 and 11 from an autosome-wide scan in an American Indian population. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Long JC...Goldman D	9603607	1998
45	Population and pedigree studies reveal a lack of association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Bolos AM...Goldman D	1979357	1990
46	Segregation analysis of alcoholism in families ascertained through a pair of male alcoholics. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Aston CE...Hill SY	2339688	1990
47	Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Blum K...Cohn JB	1969501	1990
48	Biological markers for increased risk of alcoholism and for quantitation of alcohol consumption. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Crabb DW	2298906	1990
49	Genetic investigations of alcohol metabolism and of alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Omenn GS	3189329	1988
50	Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Cloninger CR	2882604	1987

Sources

Genes for Alcohol Dependence

Genes/enhancers related to Alcohol Dependence (6 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 145)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	GABRA2	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Alpha2	Protein Coding	1092.04	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Pathogenic ⁵ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Risk factor ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15024690
2	ADH1C	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1C (Class I), Gamma Polypeptide	Protein Coding	710.48	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Protective ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)	3397059 3758060 10090900 (more) 15863807 17718394 17923853 15519646 8773821 12710951 15902904 10235293 8904964 10733556 7943668 9066994 16404797 11584143 17285601 10597466 9731720 8974313 12505800 17718397 12705337
3	ADH1B	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (Class I), Beta Polypeptide	Protein Coding	702.72	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Protective ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	2398055 2547609 3619918 (more) 6354175 6374651 7003596 7035335 10697413 12050823 17718394 7625477 18299763 15519646 8773821 12505800 9066994 15902904 12351924 16822169 10235293 8904964 10733556 16309369 19710201 16385178 8974313 16404797 15084894 11584143 10591585 17559546 17285601 15542751 20077761 15564879 17590986 15863807 12806963 12173598 10090900 7943668 12705337 12710951 8591846 16125912 19403456 11545539
4	TAS2R16	Taste 2 Receptor Member 16	Protein Coding	688.3	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Risk factor ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16051168 24177185 16385453 (more) 9603606 10923994 17250611
5	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	670.59	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10776672 11121184 10754425 (more) 19742166 19060480 17713649 7501738
6	LAMA2	Laminin Subunit Alpha 2	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
7	ALDH2	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Family Member	Protein Coding	52.75	Protective ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16440063 6650498 4065146 (more) 2987944 7180842 7593603 8903321 10780266 15654505 17885622 18056758 10627091 16046871 20010786 33355142 7625477 10803776 1492799 7573775 19302089 8773821 16404797 19298328 10235293 16624836 18299763 7779096 19584771 15519646 17590986 11956970 18613661 16822169 11600186 9581663 8135667 15902904 10971205 11398342 16309369 17850643 8591846 12806963 12604199 12173598 2362395 15084894 8837712 20166940 7943668 15863807 8290656 20025435 19251111 10397278 8260531 17952709 16792555 12710951 15542751 7480358 20077761 10606490 9066994 8834237 8974313 19403456 8160299 11545539 12505800 16125912 16685648 19673742
8	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	26.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10235293 11236830 8871803 (more) 17850642 9581660 9295055 20146828 8679787 9650634 9650635 8800387 16396745 10327432 15084894 8277546 16759339 10881206 9858031 9754627 7892418 10898923 8727249 10893740 1832467 11054769 17007976 8362930 8907305 15296817 7550364 7901878 11918988 11256581 10881203 17079080 10235291 10597466 17761687 12782972 7910578 8512526 8095994 19376678 15318112 12376935 7695792 9259374 8974314 10881204 9129720 12893451 8095394 17948902 17453061 1347705 8399816 15545020 8046727 8488955 1832466 19929252 17476365 16840287 10968775 9118563 7485259 14643564 10710227 9660310 8837712 7681236 19764934 18828801 17196743 15542698 15066703 9650637 8555738 7755518 7995569 18307984 16102380 11817496 11022024 9735043 13679114 15457501 11347517 9650636 9129716 9034534 8886168 7585063 7980596 7919920 8072432 1283042 1478642 19603545
9	OPRK1	Opioid Receptor Kappa 1	Protein Coding	26.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)	18319328 17374034 16924269 (more) 17503481
10	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	25.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10064377 16288736 14574222 (more) 15635638 16125912 9627746 17987668 11113619 18405071 9812115 18364363 19331786 10483057 19764934 15066703 14653305 18962444 18827956 16691130 15048635 15039007 14691371 19060480 17207098 12766626 18211952 17106419 17079080 10088053 20150867 19426172 17502289 16497275 15804387 17347351 19759277 15112932 11857587 9394104 19179283 11329486
11	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	24.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17979515 15902904 9884158 (more) 16476706 9399694 10490697 17339526 8234933 14745298 10949117 18433502 18250310 11424981 17768272 15252283 11522434 10399772 9845036 19764934 20077761 20494127 17503481 8736999 18250251 12006217 17374034 18028530 11391058
12	ADH4	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (Class II), Pi Polypeptide	Protein Coding	23.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15863808 16571603 8583138
12	ADH4::GH04J099158	TSS distance: +0.3kb Elite enhancer with elite association with ADH4			Curated enhancer-disease association ²³ ¹³	20363298
13	ADH7	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 7 (Class IV), Mu Or Sigma Polypeptide	Protein Coding	22.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16237392 8244116 16385178 (more) 10208639
14	ALDH9A1	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 9 Family Member A1	Protein Coding	22.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9463245 15863807 9066994 (more) 8947325 10627090 19403456 11545539 16125912 17718398 1492799 9078756 12604924 12517056 8612062 7913353 8260531 8409698 1302043 18299763 18331377 8773821 8974312 8085088 8098887 15957670 9118563 8234925 8512527 1820876 17079463 10627091 9211568 16404797 1781298 2014795 2190494 20407608 10826131 7625477 20025435 19012127 8591846 2359869 16685648 12170102 11392120 1932606 8160299
15	CYP2E1	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily E Member 1	Protein Coding	22.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7573775 9660317 15902904 (more) 9695719 8135667 11410734 8651460 12883487 18773092 11410713 10684785 12710951
16	CHRNA6	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 6 Subunit	Protein Coding	22.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
17	MAOA	Monoamine Oxidase A	Protein Coding	22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12824808 11927135 17007976 (more) 11999895 12555234 8780428 15900229 7485245 10359483 10049583 19302089 17592478 17476365 16770335 19120058 18405071 18454435 8974315 18827956 17347351 10943908
18	SLC6A3	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3	Protein Coding	21.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18070248 19450132 10578237 (more) 10088054 19352220 17079080 7779096 15545018 10649826 15996968 15953494 16125912 7585136 9024952 9342195 10639691 11244477
19	NRXN3	Neurexin 3	Protein Coding	21.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
20	GABRR2	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Rho2	Protein Coding	21.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
21	GGT1	Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1	Protein Coding	21.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15365303 8622806 8098887 (more) 8885374 10803776 15793693 1972004 10029211 1930366 10798586 14994647 9872351 11003206 9622440 8096521 1458045 14984245 18214089 7908206 10522717 18337017 7943671
22	HTR1B	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B	Protein Coding	21.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19519719 9819067 12022963 (more) 11751038 12898580 11956970 20172504 16344719 17217931
23	GATA4	GATA Binding Protein 4	Protein Coding	21.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Drugs & Compounds (show sections)
24	DRD4	Dopamine Receptor D4	Protein Coding	21.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10776673 9034534 19899572 (more) 10490712 9184311 8216280 10379515 15341274 18028530 9046370 11244477
25	ALDH1A1	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1	Protein Coding	20.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8160299 14506398 17286337 (more) 15967764
26	NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Protein Coding	20.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15897713 16611091 11696660 (more) 18241322 12605064 18828811 15582675 12544000 17979774 11409703 16383007 19913192 17669369 15520048 7561860 15337374 12215082 19756388 12454738 17572454
27	AKR1A1	Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member A1	Protein Coding	20.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9463245 10733556 9066994 (more) 8244116 11392120 12505800 16685648 8591846 17180580 18299763 9118563 1525249 20407608 18761854 9802529 9373704 20025435 19012127 1302043 15643610 15863807 11202400 9211568 16970620 15084894 12500098 10235293 8773821 16571603 15957670 14745297 11427905 18331377 12452180 19710201 15979062 11545539 19403456 10627090
28	DRD3	Dopamine Receptor D3	Protein Coding	20.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8837712 12218663 11762133 (more) 16759339 8825889 9184311 16193105
29	TPH1	Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1	Protein Coding	20.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16596624 9672049 15654285 (more) 8612062 10599882 10088048 18405071 16257348 9672895
30	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	20.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10898913 16648777 10395222 (more) 17850222 16499480 11244495 19023276 17079080 12741370 10698363 17347351 18181582
31	MAOB	Monoamine Oxidase B	Protein Coding	19.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17592478 8154672 9622437 (more) 15918154 20187848 12414548 18408241 10761214 9394121 10490709 10597411 8974315 20022592 10597455 12414550 9326944 11022024 12003917
32	GRIN2B	Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2B	Protein Coding	19.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15812607 16911840
33	CRHR1	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor 1	Protein Coding	19.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15992556 17344409 16550213 (more) 19409922
34	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	19.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11955465 20191296 11411461 (more) 1975969 11371718 18034691 17503481 10700840
35	HTR2C	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2C	Protein Coding	19.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15304380 10776672 14574222 (more) 8612062
36	HTR3A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 3A	Protein Coding	18.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15581381 10754425 7978090 (more) 16084024 11827742
37	DRD1	Dopamine Receptor D1	Protein Coding	18.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18341651 17466946 11347517
38	CHRM2	Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 2	Protein Coding	18.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16000316 17982586 15229186 (more) 17160701 17567401
39	PDYN	Prodynorphin	Protein Coding	18.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16924269 19183129 9347097 (more) 17503481
40	CNR1	Cannabinoid Receptor 1	Protein Coding	18.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18606956 18480689 15550451 (more) 15550444 17509535 11841893
41	DBH	Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase	Protein Coding	17.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15088079 16252068 20201810
42	GABBR1	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor Subunit 1	Protein Coding	17.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8974335 10412185 8974333 (more) 16800828
43	GRIN2A	Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA Type Subunit 2A	Protein Coding	17.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18606955
44	OPRD1	Opioid Receptor Delta 1	Protein Coding	16.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17503481
45	HTR1A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A	Protein Coding	16.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19060480 10064377 15166637 (more) 15208158
46	FAAH	Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase	Protein Coding	16.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17621164
47	GABRB3	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Beta3	Protein Coding	16.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15296817
48	GHRL	Ghrelin And Obestatin Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	16.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18422979 16385185 20440417 (more) 18034691 15520048 17949465 17407493 18818026
49	OPRL1	Opioid Related Nociceptin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	16.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18269382 17910740 20201819
50	ANKK1	Ankyrin Repeat And Kinase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	15.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Alcohol Dependence

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Alcohol Dependence:

⁵ (show all 11)

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	ALDH2	NM_000690.4(ALDH2):c.1510G>A (p.Glu504Lys)	SNV	Protective	18390	rs671	GRCh37: 12:112241766-112241766 GRCh38: 12:111803962-111803962
2	ADH1B	NM_000668.5(ADH1B):c.143A= (p.His48=)	SNV	Protective Protective	18182	rs1229984	GRCh37: 4:100239319-100239319 GRCh38: 4:99318162-99318162
3	ADH1B	NM_000668.6(ADH1B):c.1108C>T (p.Arg370Cys)	SNV	Protective	18183	rs2066702	GRCh37: 4:100229017-100229017 GRCh38: 4:99307860-99307860
4	ADH1C	NM_000669.5(ADH1C):c.1048A>G (p.Ile350Val)	SNV	Protective	18180	rs698	GRCh37: 4:100260789-100260789 GRCh38: 4:99339632-99339632
5	ADH1C	NM_000669.5(ADH1C):c.815G>A (p.Arg272Gln)	SNV	Protective	18179	rs1693482	GRCh37: 4:100263965-100263965 GRCh38: 4:99342808-99342808
6	LAMA2		DEL	Pathogenic	1684643		GRCh37: GRCh38: 6:128960376-129175759
7	GABRA2	NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.995C>T (p.Ala332Val)	SNV	Pathogenic	1685836		GRCh37: 4:46264007-46264007 GRCh38: 4:46261990-46261990
8	TAS2R16	NM_016945.3(TAS2R16):c.516T>G (p.Asn172Lys)	SNV	Risk Factor	5333	rs846664	GRCh37: 7:122635173-122635173 GRCh38: 7:122995119-122995119
9	GABRA2	NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.188-4371A>T	SNV	Risk Factor	16220	rs279836	GRCh37: 4:46339070-46339070 GRCh38: 4:46337053-46337053
10	GABRA2	NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.255+4909A>T	SNV	Risk Factor	16219	rs279845	GRCh37: 4:46329723-46329723 GRCh38: 4:46327706-46327706
11	GABRA2	NM_000807.4(GABRA2):c.704-104A>G	SNV	Risk Factor	16218	rs279871	GRCh37: 4:46305733-46305733 GRCh38: 4:46303716-46303716

Copy number variations for Alcohol Dependence from CNVD:

⁶ (show top 50) (show all 130)

#	CNVD ID	Chromosome	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	266214	X	94932922	94947252	Copy number		Alcoholism
2	266039	X	92390816	92762114	Copy number		Alcoholism
3	265901	X	91565635	91566714	Copy number	PCDH11X	Alcoholism
4	265754	X	88330836	88702538	Copy number		Alcoholism
5	265534	X\|Y	1415508	1461582	Copy number	IL3RA	Alcoholism
6	265533	X\|Y	1347700	1388827	Copy number	CSF2RA	Alcoholism
7	265532	X\|Y	1274886	1687565	Copy number	CRLF2	Alcoholism
8	265493	X	81787612	81874294	Copy number		Alcoholism
9	265343	X	78772193	78812486	Copy number		Alcoholism
10	265228	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	TAF9B	Alcoholism
11	265227	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	PGK1	Alcoholism
12	265226	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	PGAM4	Alcoholism
13	265225	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	MAGT1	Alcoholism
14	265224	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	COX7B	Alcoholism
15	265223	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	ATRX	Alcoholism
16	265222	X	76603730	77413482	Copy number	ATP7A	Alcoholism
17	264719	X	69649374	69651123	Copy number		Alcoholism
18	264659	X	69202083	69224923	Copy number		Alcoholism
19	264608	X	68611199	68653758	Copy number	NALF2	Alcoholism
20	264492	X	66979215	67325231	Copy number	OPHN1	Alcoholism
21	263977	X	56670955	56976220	Copy number		Alcoholism
22	263947	X	55719150	55723443	Copy number		Alcoholism
23	263229	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	ZNF81	Alcoholism
24	263228	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	ZNF630	Alcoholism
25	263227	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	ZNF182	Alcoholism
26	263226	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SSX9P	Alcoholism
27	263225	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SSX6P	Alcoholism
28	263224	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SSX5	Alcoholism
29	263223	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SSX3	Alcoholism
30	263222	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SSX1	Alcoholism
31	263221	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SPACA5B	Alcoholism
32	263220	X	47606948	48104013	Copy number	SPACA5	Alcoholism
33	263067	X	46317980	46319778	Copy number	CHST7	Alcoholism
34	263009	X	4492766	5343179	Copy number		Alcoholism
35	262674	X	38451004	38482237	Copy number		Alcoholism
36	262660	X	38264819	38278229	Copy number		Alcoholism
37	262535	X	3744745	3866531	Copy number		Alcoholism
38	262227	X	32135176	33596767	Copy number	DMD	Alcoholism
39	262142	X	313250	313615	Copy number		Alcoholism
40	262105	X	30675274	30840317	Copy number	TAB3	Alcoholism
41	261601	X	22730409	23040521	Copy number	DDX53	Alcoholism
42	261433	X	20045427	20077242	Copy number	SCARNA9L	Alcoholism
43	261432	X	20045427	20077242	Copy number	EIF1AX	Alcoholism
44	261307	X\|Y	2147552	2429015	Copy number	DHRSX	Alcoholism
45	261306	X\|Y	1674276	1721974	Copy number	ASMT	Alcoholism
46	261169	X\|Y	214969	267627	Copy number	PPP2R3B	Alcoholism
47	261168	X\|Y	132990	160020	Copy number	PLCXD1	Alcoholism
48	261167	X\|Y	161425	289293	Copy number	GTPBP6	Alcoholism
49	261043	X	153846405	154689292	Copy number	VBP1	Alcoholism
50	261042	X	153846405	154689292	Copy number	TMLHE	Alcoholism

Sources

Expression for Alcohol Dependence

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Alcohol Dependence.

Sources

Pathways for Alcohol Dependence

Pathways related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 17)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Transmission across Chemical Synapses ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Neuronal System ⁶⁶ Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission ⁶⁶	12.98	ALDH2 CHRNA6 GABRA2 GABRR2 MAOA NRXN3
2	Metapathway biotransformation Phase I and II ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Acetaminophen metabolism ²² Aflatoxin B1 metabolism ⁷⁴ Artemisinin and Derivatives Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Arylamine metabolism ⁷⁴ Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism ⁷⁴ Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism ²² Benzodiazepine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Biological oxidations ⁶⁶ Cannabidiol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Doxepin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Estradiol metabolism ²² Flurbiprofen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Haloperidol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Methylation ⁶⁶ Naproxen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Phase II - Conjugation of compounds ⁶⁶ Phenprocoumon Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Sorafenib Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Tamoxifen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Voriconazole Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	12.84	MAOA CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C
3	Oxidation by cytochrome P450 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Amine Oxidase reactions ⁶⁶ Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling ⁶⁶ Atomoxetine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB ⁶⁶ Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ CYP2E1 reactions ⁶⁶ Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type ⁶⁶ Defective CYP24A1 causes HCAI ⁶⁶ Defective CYP26B1 causes RHFCA ⁶⁶ Defective CYP26C1 causes FFDD4 ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27A1 causes CTX ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1A ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1B ⁶⁶ Defective CYP4F22 causes ARCI5 ⁶⁶ Defective MAOA causes BRUNS ⁶⁶ Eicosanoids ⁶⁶ Endogenous sterols ⁶⁶ Ethanol oxidation ⁶⁶ Fatty acid omega-oxidation ⁷⁴ Fatty acids ⁶⁶ Fluvoxamine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Lidocaine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Miscellaneous substrates ⁶⁶ Phase I - Functionalization of compounds ⁶⁶ Prasugrel Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Sterols are 12-hydroxylated by CYP8B1 ⁶⁶ Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) metabolism ²² Vitamins ⁶⁶ Xenobiotics ⁶⁶	12.59	MAOA CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C
4	Amino acid metabolism ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Amino acid metabolism pathway excerpt: histidine catabolism extension ⁷⁴	11.76	MAOA ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C
5	Retinol metabolism (TR) ²² Show member pathways Ifosfamide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	11.35	CYP2E1 ALDH9A1 ALDH2
6	Monoamine transport ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Serotonin transporter activity ⁷⁴	11.32	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA
7	Ethanol effects on histone modifications ⁷⁴	11.16	CYP2E1 ALDH2 ADH1C ADH1B
8	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	11.12	SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
9	Neurotransmitter clearance ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase ⁶⁶ Flavan-3-ol metabolic pathway ⁷⁴ Metabolism of serotonin ⁶⁶ Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶	11.02	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA ALDH2
10	ethanol degradation II ⁶¹ Show member pathways acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA ⁶¹ ethanol degradation III ⁶¹ ethanol degradation IV ⁶¹ Fluoroacetic acid toxicity ⁷⁴ L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain) ⁶¹ noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation ⁶¹ oxidative ethanol degradation III ⁶¹ putrescine degradation III ⁶¹	10.93	CYP2E1 ALDH9A1 ALDH2 ADH4 ADH1B
11	Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Dopamine receptors ⁶⁶	10.92	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2
12	Muscular Dystrophies and Dystrophin-Glycoprotein Complex ⁶⁴	10.85	NRXN3 LAMA2
13	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine) ²²	10.71	MAOA ALDH9A1 ADH7 ADH1B
14	Metabolism of dichloroethylene by CYP450 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways acetone degradation I (to methylglyoxal) ⁶¹ acetone degradation III (to propane-1,2-diol) ⁶¹ Acrylamide biotransformation and exposure biomarkers ⁷⁴ carbon disulfide oxidation III (metazoa) ⁶¹ Desflurane Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Enflurane Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Isoflurane Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Sevoflurane Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	10.67	CYP2E1 ADH1B
15	Abacavir Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.66	ADH1C ADH1B
16	Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Ifosfamide Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.51	ALDH2 ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
17	Propranolol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	10.49	MAOA ALDH2

Sources

GO Terms for Alcohol Dependence

Cellular components related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 13)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane	GO:0016021	10.61	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A MAOA
2	membrane	GO:0016020	10.61	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A MAOA
3	plasma membrane	GO:0005887	10.5	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A NRXN3
4	plasma membrane	GO:0005886	10.5	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A NRXN3
5	neuron projection	GO:0043005	10.21	CHRNA6 GABRA2 GABRR2 OPRK1 OPRM1 SLC6A3
6	synapse	GO:0045202	10.2	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A OPRK1
7	GABA-ergic synapse	GO:0098982	9.98	NRXN3 GABRR2 GABRA2 DRD2
8	axon terminus	GO:0043679	9.97	SLC6A3 OPRK1 DRD2
9	postsynaptic membrane	GO:0045211	9.9	CHRNA6 DRD2 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A OPRK1
10	dopaminergic synapse	GO:0098691	9.88	SLC6A3 DRD2 CHRNA6
11	presynaptic membrane	GO:0042734	9.86	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A DRD2
12	obsolete integral component of presynaptic membrane	GO:0099056	9.5	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A DRD2
13	obsolete integral component of postsynaptic membrane	GO:0099055	9.17	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A DRD2

Biological processes related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 34)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	response to xenobiotic stimulus	GO:0009410	10.23	CYP2E1 DRD2 HTR2A SLC6A3 SLC6A4
2	chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0007268	10.17	OPRK1 NRXN3 HTR2A GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
3	phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007200	10.14	OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A
4	nervous system process	GO:0050877	10.1	GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
5	neurotransmitter transport	GO:0006836	10.08	SLC6A4 SLC6A3 GABRA2
6	excitatory postsynaptic potential	GO:0060079	10.07	OPRM1 GABRR2 GABRA2 DRD2 CHRNA6
7	retinol metabolic process	GO:0042572	10.06	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
8	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO:0014059	10.04	HTR2A DRD2 CHRNA6
9	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	10.03	OPRM1 OPRK1 HTR2A
10	retinoid metabolic process	GO:0001523	10.03	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1B
11	retinoic acid metabolic process	GO:0042573	10.02	ADH1B ADH1C ADH7
12	negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	GO:0051967	9.96	HTR2A DRD2
13	cellular aldehyde metabolic process	GO:0006081	9.96	ALDH9A1 ADH4
14	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	9.96	ADH7 CYP2E1 DRD2 OPRK1 OPRM1 SLC6A3
15	behavioral response to ethanol	GO:0048149	9.95	OPRM1 DRD2
16	monoamine transport	GO:0015844	9.95	SLC6A3 SLC6A4
17	behavioral response to cocaine	GO:0048148	9.95	DRD2 HTR2A OPRK1
18	dopamine catabolic process	GO:0042420	9.94	MAOA SLC6A3
19	G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0038003	9.94	OPRM1 OPRK1
20	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	9.93	SLC6A3 DRD2
21	response to morphine	GO:0043278	9.93	OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
22	hyaloid vascular plexus regression	GO:1990384	9.91	DRD2 SLC6A3
23	fatty acid omega-oxidation	GO:0010430	9.91	ADH7 ADH4
24	dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051583	9.89	SLC6A3 DRD2
25	regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	GO:0060078	9.88	GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
26	response to cocaine	GO:0042220	9.87	SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2
27	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0031635	9.81	OPRM1 OPRK1
28	ethanol oxidation	GO:0006069	9.76	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
29	regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis	GO:2000300	9.71	CHRNA6 DRD2 HTR2A NRXN3
30	presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0099171	9.67	HTR2A DRD2 CHRNA6
31	behavior	GO:0007610	9.62	HTR2A OPRK1
32	postsynaptic signal transduction	GO:0098926	9.52	OPRM1 OPRK1
33	small molecule metabolic process	GO:0044281	9.26	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
34	alcohol metabolic process	GO:0006066	9.1	ALDH2 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B

Molecular functions related to Alcohol Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	GO:1904315	10.01	GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
2	excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0005231	9.97	GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
3	neurotransmitter receptor activity	GO:0030594	9.97	CHRNA6 GABRA2 GABRR2 HTR2A
4	monoamine transmembrane transporter activity	GO:0008504	9.85	SLC6A4 SLC6A3
5	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (non-phosphorylating) activity	GO:0043878	9.83	ALDH9A1 ALDH2
6	dopamine binding	GO:0035240	9.81	SLC6A3 DRD2
7	oxidoreductase activity	GO:0016491	9.81	ADH1B ADH1C ADH4 ADH7 ALDH2 ALDH9A1
8	ethanol binding	GO:0035276	9.73	ADH7 ADH4
9	alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	GO:0004022	9.73	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C
10	G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	GO:0004985	9.65	OPRM1 OPRK1
11	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	GO:0016620	9.62	ALDH9A1 ALDH2 ADH4
12	extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0005230	9.58	GABRR2 GABRA2 CHRNA6
13	NAD-retinol dehydrogenase activity	GO:0004745	9.56	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B
14	alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity	GO:0018455	9.46	ADH7 ADH1C
15	alcohol dehydrogenase activity, zinc-dependent	GO:0004024	9.23	ADH7 ADH4 ADH1C ADH1B