Amenorrhea disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: AMN001 MIFTS: 55	Amenorrhea Categories: Reproductive diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Download Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Amenorrhea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Amenorrhea:

Name: Amenorrhea ¹² ⁷⁶ ²⁹ ⁶ ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ⁷³

Absence of Menstruation ¹²

Amenia ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract

Absent, scanty and rare menstruation

Amenorrhoea, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:13938

ICD10 ³³ N91.2

ICD9CM ³⁵ 626.0

MeSH ⁴⁴ D000568

NCIt ⁵⁰ C61443

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 14302001 156034000 156037007 more

UMLS ⁷³ C0002453

Sources

Summaries for Amenorrhea

MalaCards based summary : Amenorrhea, also known as absence of menstruation, is related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia and polycystic ovary syndrome, and has symptoms including ovulation bleeding and menometrorrhagia. An important gene associated with Amenorrhea is FSHR (Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. The drugs Calcium Carbonate and Estradiol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, ovary and bone, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and growth/size/body region

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiological states of... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Amenorrhea

Diseases related to Amenorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 271)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia	31.7	FSHR GNRH1 LHB
2	polycystic ovary syndrome	30.8	FSHR GNRH1 LEP PRL SHBG
3	hypogonadotropism	30.6	GNRH1 PRL
4	pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting	30.4	POMC PRL TRH
5	acanthosis nigricans	29.9	LEP PRL SHBG
6	endometriosis	29.9	GNRH1 NR5A1 WNT4
7	premature ovarian failure 1	29.7	BMP15 FSHR GNRH1 NOBOX NR5A1 POF1B
8	hypogonadism	29.6	FSHB GNRH1 LHB LHCGR
9	gonadal dysgenesis	29.5	BMP15 FSHR NR5A1 SRY
10	anorexia nervosa	29.4	CRH LEP POMC PRL
11	diabetes insipidus	29.3	CRH POMC PRL
12	craniopharyngioma	29.3	GNRH1 PRL TRH
13	46 xy gonadal dysgenesis	29.3	NR5A1 SHBG SRY
14	eating disorder	29.2	CRH LEP POMC
15	androgen insensitivity syndrome	29.2	NR5A1 SHBG SRY
16	pituitary apoplexy	29.1	GNRH1 POMC PRL
17	acromegaly	29.0	POMC PRL TRH
18	hermaphroditism	29.0	SHBG SRY WNT4
19	hyperthyroidism	28.7	LEP PRL SHBG TRH
20	lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia	28.5	NR5A1 POMC SRY
21	infertility	28.5	FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LHB LHCGR NR5A1
22	hypoadrenalism	28.4	CRH POMC SHBG
23	hypopituitarism	28.4	CRH GNRH1 POMC PRL
24	empty sella syndrome	28.3	GNRH1 POMC PRL TRH
25	hypothalamic disease	28.2	CRH GNRH1 POMC PRL
26	hyperandrogenism	28.1	GNRH1 POMC PRL SHBG WNT4
27	anovulation	28.1	BMP15 FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP PRL
28	hyperprolactinemia	27.9	GNRH1 POMC PRL SHBG TRH
29	endogenous depression	27.9	CRH GNRH1 POMC TRH
30	ovarian disease	27.6	BMP15 FSHR GNRH1 NOBOX NR5A1 POF1B
31	hypothyroidism	27.4	FSHR LEP POMC PRL SHBG TRH
32	amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome	12.1
33	ahumada del castillo syndrome	11.2
34	aromatase deficiency	11.2
35	frasier syndrome	11.0
36	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 24 without anosmia	11.0
37	perrault syndrome	11.0
38	ovarian dysgenesis 2	10.9
39	ovarian dysgenesis 1	10.8
40	leydig cell hypoplasia, type i	10.8
41	satoyoshi syndrome	10.8
42	leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter	10.8
43	premature ovarian failure 10	10.8
44	perrault syndrome 2	10.8
45	premature ovarian failure 8	10.8
46	premature ovarian failure 9	10.8
47	premature ovarian failure 11	10.8
48	precocious puberty, male-limited	10.8	FSHR LHCGR
49	hypogonadism, male	10.7	LEP LHCGR
50	blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus	10.7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Amenorrhea:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Amenorrhea

UMLS symptoms related to Amenorrhea:

ovulation bleeding, menometrorrhagia

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Amenorrhea:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.25	BMP15 CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.07	LHCGR NOBOX NR5A1 POMC TRH CRH
3	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.06	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB
4	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.9	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHCGR NOBOX
5	integument	MP:0010771	9.8	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP POMC PRL
6	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.43	CRH GNRH1 LEP LHCGR POMC WNT4
7	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.36	PRL WNT4 BMP15 FSHB FSHR GNRH1

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Amenorrhea

Drugs for Amenorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 252)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Calcium Carbonate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

471-34-1

Estradiol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

50-28-2

5757

Estradiol valerate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

979-32-8

Leuprolide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

53714-56-0

3911 657181

Levonorgestrel

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

797-63-7, 17489-40-6

13109

Polyestradiol phosphate

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

28014-46-2

Tibolone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

5630-53-5

Metformin

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

657-24-9

14219 4091

Cyproterone Acetate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

427-51-0

Ethinyl Estradiol

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

57-63-6

5991

Progesterone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

57-83-0

5994

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

71-58-9

Copper

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1

7440-50-8

27099

Etonogestrel

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

54048-10-1

40976 6917715

Naproxen

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22204-53-1

1302 156391

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

135968-09-1

Menthol

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

2216-51-5

16666

Desogestrel

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

54024-22-5

40973

Estrone

Approved

Phase 4

53-16-7

5870

Cetrorelix

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

120287-85-6

16129715 25074887

Vitamin D3

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

67-97-0

6221 5280795

Citric Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

77-92-9

311

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

59-30-3

6037

Enclomiphene

Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

15690-57-0

Anabolic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2

Androgen Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Androgens

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antacids

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 4

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Ulcer Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Contraceptive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Estradiol 3-benzoate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Estrogens

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Fertility Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Hormones

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Micronutrients

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Trace Elements

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Vitamins

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Clomiphene

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Hypoglycemic Agents

Phase 4,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Zuclomiphene

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Contraceptive Agents, Male

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 271)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Psychological Impact of Amenorrhea in Women With Endometriosis	Unknown status	NCT02393482	Phase 4	Estroprogestinic therapy (Etinil-estradiol/levonorgestre);Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Leuprorelin acetate);Add back therapy 1 (tibolone);Add back therapy 2 (calcium carbonate/colecalciferol)
2	Surgical Ovarian Drilling Versus Hormonal Treatment for Infertility Associated to PolyCystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS)	Unknown status	NCT00378729	Phase 4	Metformin and FSHr
3	CavatermTM vs TCRE in Women With DUB	Unknown status	NCT00549159	Phase 4
4	Ethinyl Estradiol and Cyproterone Acetate in Irregular Menstruation	Unknown status	NCT01103518	Phase 4	Ethinyl Estradiol + Cyproterone acetate
5	Myoinositol for the Treatment of Ovarian and Psychiatric Disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients	Unknown status	NCT01246310	Phase 4
6	Optimal Planning of a Day 3 Cryopreserved(Frozen)-Thawed Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle With hCG Administration or After Spontaneous LH Peak?	Unknown status	NCT02145819	Phase 4	hCG
7	Metformin for Treatment Antipsychotic Induced Amenorrhea in Female Schizophrenic Patients	Completed	NCT01206153	Phase 4	metformin
8	Safety and Efficacy of PROMETRIUM® Capsules in Induction of Secretory Conversion	Completed	NCT00160199	Phase 4	PROMETRIUM® 300 mg;PROMETRIUM® 400 mg
9	Endometrial Ablation With Non-hysteroscopic Methods	Completed	NCT01173965	Phase 4
10	"Stair Step Study"	Completed	NCT03309176	Phase 4	Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 10 MG
11	Acceptability and Continuation Rate of Implanon in a Brazilian Public Sector	Completed	NCT01392157	Phase 4
12	The Effect of Metformin on Different Hormones in PCOS Patients	Completed	NCT02568488	Phase 4	Metformin
13	Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Lupus Activity	Completed	NCT00392093	Phase 4	Conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/d + MPA 5 mg/d/10d
14	Medical Therapy Versus Radiofrequency Endometrial Ablation in the Initial Treatment of Menorrhagia	Completed	NCT01165307	Phase 4	Estradiol 30mcg / Levonorgestrel 150mcg monophasic oral contraceptive pills;Naproxen sodium pills
15	Timing of Postpartum Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Administration on Breastfeeding, Contraceptive Continuation, and Depression	Completed	NCT01463202	Phase 4	Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate;Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
16	Metformin for Ectopic Fat Deposition and Metabolic Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)	Recruiting	NCT02500147	Phase 4	Metformin;Placebo
17	A Study to Compare the Menstrual Bleeding Profile Among Jaydess® and Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) Users. COLIBRI STUDY (Copper and Levonorgestrel IUD Barcelona Research Initiative).	Recruiting	NCT02957292	Phase 4	Levonorgestrel (13,5 mg) intrauterine device
18	Tenofovir As Prevention Of Hepatitis b Mother-to-child Transmission	Recruiting	NCT02937779	Phase 4	Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
19	Interest of Placental Alpha-microglobulin-1 Detection Test to Assess Risk of Premature Delivery in Reunion Island	Recruiting	NCT02904070	Phase 4
20	Contraceptive Pill and Hormonal Vaginal Ring in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT01588873	Phase 4	oc:E-E-desogestrel/vaginal ring:E-E -ethonogestrel
21	ENOXAPARINE in the Prevention of Placental Insufficiency in Pregnant Women	Recruiting	NCT03528967	Phase 4	Enoxaparin 40 mg / 0.4 mL Prefilled Syringe;Aspirin 100 mg Oral Tablet, Enteric Coated
22	Evaluation of 4th Generation Bipolar Radiofrequency Endometrial Ablation Device	Active, not recruiting	NCT02449304	Phase 4
23	NATural Ovarian Stimulation	Active, not recruiting	NCT02892942	Phase 4	Gonal-F®;Cetrotide®;Cetrotide®
24	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency	Active, not recruiting	NCT02783937	Phase 4	Saline
25	The Kampala Women's Bone Study	Not yet recruiting	NCT03464266	Phase 4	FTC/TDF;DMPA
26	The Luveris In Vitro Fertilization Trial	Terminated	NCT00889512	Phase 4	Luveris fixed dose;Luveris increasing dose
27	HexafluOride, a Contrast Agent for Placenta Echo-angiography	Unknown status	NCT02884297	Phase 3	Contrast agent: SonoVue®.
28	Trial of AMNIOECHANGE in Gastroschisis Affected Foetuses	Unknown status	NCT00127946	Phase 3
29	Study Evaluating Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol for Oral Contraception	Unknown status	NCT02021097	Phase 3	Levonorgestrel 100 mcg and Ethinyl Estradiol 20 mcg;Levonorgestrel 150 mcg and Ethinyl Estradiol 30 mcg
30	Efficacy of Antifolates Against Malaria in HIV-infected Pregnant Women and the Emergence of Induced Resistance in Plasmodium Falciparum	Unknown status	NCT01746199	Phase 3	cotrimoxazole daily prophylaxis;sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine
31	Reflexology's Effect on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT00746148	Phase 3
32	Reflexology's Effect on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)	Unknown status	NCT00744510	Phase 3
33	LutrePulse Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism	Completed	NCT01976728	Phase 3	Gonadorelin acetate 10µg/pulse;Gonadorelin acetate 15µg/pulse;Gonadorelin acetate 20µg/pulse;Placebo
34	SJ-0021 (Gonalef®) Versus Purified Pituitary Gonadotropin (Fertinorm-P®) for Ovulation Induction in Japanese Infertile Women	Completed	NCT01185782	Phase 3	Gonalef® (Follitropin alfa);Purified pituitary gonadotropin (Fertinorm-P®)
35	Endometrial Safety Study	Completed	NCT00522873	Phase 3	0.25mg DRSP / 0.5mg E2 (BAY86-4891);0.5mg NETA / 1.0mg E2 (Activella)
36	PGL4001 Efficacy Assessment in Reduction of Symptoms Due to Uterine Leiomyomata	Completed	NCT01629563	Phase 3	PGL4001 5 mg;PGL4001 10 mg
37	S0230 Goserelin in Preventing Ovarian Failure in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT00068601	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;goserelin acetate
38	A Study to Evaluate of the Safety and Effectiveness of Asoprisnil in Treating Women With Uterine Fibroids	Completed	NCT00152256	Phase 3	Asoprisnil;Asoprisnil;Placebo
39	Uterine Balloon Treatment for Heavy Period Bleeding.	Completed	NCT00215618	Phase 3
40	Evaluation Of Pessaries In Twin Pregnancies With A Short Cervix (25 mm) Between 20-28 WG (EPEGE)	Completed	NCT00502190	Phase 3
41	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist for the Preservation of Ovarian Function During Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT02483767	Phase 3	goserelin;standard chemotherapy
42	Aromatase Inhibitors or GnRH-a for Uterine Adenomyosis	Completed	NCT01218581	Phase 2, Phase 3	received oral letrozole (2.5 mg/day)and goserelin subcutaneosly (3.6 mg/month)
43	Goserelin in Preventing Early Menopause in Premenopausal Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT00427245	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;goserelin acetate
44	PGL4001 Efficacy Assessment in Reduction of Symptoms Due to Uterine Leiomyomata	Completed	NCT01156857	Phase 3	PGL4001, placebo;PGL4001, progestin
45	Diafert for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement (DESTINy)	Completed	NCT02593513	Phase 3
46	Diafert® for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement	Completed	NCT02593461	Phase 3
47	Diafert for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement	Completed	NCT02586272	Phase 3
48	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Women With Stage I, Stage II, or Stage IIIA (cT1-3, N0-1, M0) Breast Cancer and Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes	Completed	NCT00003782	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;docetaxel;doxorubicin
49	The Effects of Tualang Honey on Postmenopausal Women	Completed	NCT01300676	Phase 2, Phase 3	Tualang honey
50	Effects of Anorexia Nervosa on Bone Mass in Adolescents	Completed	NCT00088153	Phase 2, Phase 3	Physiologic Estrogen/progesterone

Search NIH Clinical Center for Amenorrhea

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :

17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone

2-bromoergocryptine mesylate

bromocriptine

gonadorelin

gonadorelin acetate

gonadorelin hydrochloride

hydroxyprogesterone caproate (usp)

medroxyprogesterone

medroxyprogesterone acetate

norelgestromin

norethynodrel

norgestimate

progesterone

progesterone pwdr

Cochrane evidence based reviews: amenorrhea

Sources

Genetic Tests for Amenorrhea

Genetic tests related to Amenorrhea:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Amenorrhea ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Amenorrhea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Amenorrhea:

⁴¹

Breast, Ovary, Bone, Pituitary, Testes, Brain, Monocytes

Sources

Publications for Amenorrhea

Articles related to Amenorrhea:

(show top 50) (show all 742)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Sellar chondrosarcoma presenting with amenorrhea: A case report. ( 29979394 )	Cao J....Huang H.	2018
2	Heightened cortisol response to exercise challenge in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. ( 29170001 )	Sanders K.M....Berga S.L.	2018
3	Adjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy, Treatment-Related Amenorrhea, and Survival in Premenopausal HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients. ( 29878225 )	Lambertini M....De Azambuja E.	2018
4	Morphological and molecular variations induce mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism of athletic amenorrhea. ( 29403550 )	Xiong R.H....Feng S.	2018
5	Efficacy and safety of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy among patients with idiopathic and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. ( 29605411 )	Tranoulis A....Michala L.	2018
6	Bone Parameters in Anorexia Nervosa and Athletic Amenorrhea: Comparison of Two Hypothalamic Amenorrhea States. ( 29659886 )	Kandemir N....Misra M.	2018
7	Primary Amenorrhea Associated with Hyperprolactinemia in Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type II: A Case Report. ( 29949817 )	Cottas L.T....Resende E.A.M.R.	2018
8	Low Bone Mineral Density in Elite Female Athletes With a History of Secondary Amenorrhea in Their Teens. ( 29601346 )	Nose-Ogura S....Saito S.	2018
9	Amenorrhea ( 29489290 )	Nawaz G....Rogol A.D.	2018
10	Exercise and chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. ( 29857911 )	Mathis K.M....Schmitz K.	2018
11	Cytogenetic analysis of patients with primary amenorrhea in Eastern India. ( 29022424 )	Ghosh S....Halder A.	2018
12	Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: case presentations and overview of literature. ( 29858842 )	Nader S.	2018
13	A novel de novo autosomal translocation 46, XX, t (5; 8) in a female with primary amenorrhea. ( 29306565 )	Srilekha A....Venkateshwari A.	2018
14	Knowledge and Opinions of Postpartum Mothers About the Lactational Amenorrhea Method: The Turkish Experience. ( 29131679 )	A9zsoy S....Demirsoy Horta G.	2018
15	Risk of ovarian function recovery should be considered when switching from treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen to aromatase inhibitor therapy in women with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. ( 29155450 )	Chung C.	2018
16	Irreversible primary amenorrhea secondary to uterine damage and premature ovarian failure in Ewing's sarcoma in two patients. ( 29857112 )	Angeliki M....Maya L.	2018
17	Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine. ( 29744355 )	Moini Jazani A....Nasimi Doost Azgomi R.	2018
18	Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Elevated Inhibin B as a Cause of Secondary Amenorrhea in an Adolescent with Germ Line DICER1 Mutation. ( 28502826 )	Luke A.M....Whiteway S.L.	2017
19	Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. ( 28368518 )	Gordon C.M....Warren M.P.	2017
20	Amenorrhea, Secondary ( 28613709 )	Lord M....Sahni M.	2017
21	Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents. ( 29142910 )	Carswell J.M....Roberts S.A.	2017
22	Plasma kisspeptin levels in lactational amenorrhea. ( 28490208 )	Kotani M....Tanaka I.	2017
23	Partial Hydatiform Mole Associated With a Pregnancy at 22 Weeks of Amenorrhea. ( 28286033 )	Ben Salah I....Oueslati H.	2017
24	Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reactivation by Kisspeptin-10 in Hyperprolactinemic Women With Chronic Amenorrhea. ( 29264460 )	Millar R.P....Young J.	2017
25	Nomenclature of primary amenorrhea: A proposal document of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology committee for the redefinition of primary amenorrhea. ( 28833893 )	Shozu M....Kugu K.	2017
26	Features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) may be reversible with recovery of menstrual function. ( 29073797 )	Carmina E....Lobo R.A.	2017
27	Amenorrhea rates and predictors during 1 year of levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine system use. ( 29038072 )	Darney P.D....Creinin M.D.	2017
28	Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(X;1) in a Girl with Tall Stature and Primary Amenorrhea. ( 28360449 )	Razavi Z....Momtaz H.E.	2017
29	Higher prevalence of clinical cardiovascular comorbidities in postmenopausal women with self-reported premenopausal hirsutism and/or oligo-amenorrhea. ( 28959377 )	Comim F.V....Premaor M.O.	2017
30	Risperidone-Induced Amenorrhea in Floridly Psychotic Female. ( 29152440 )	Shagufta S....Mohit A.	2017
31	Secondary Amenorrhea in a Patient with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. ( 28485330 )	Zhou Q.H....Li D.Q.	2017
32	Spectrum of MRI Appearance of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome in Primary Amenorrhea Patients. ( 28893003 )	Boruah D.K....Baishya H.	2017
33	Predictors of menstruation restoration during metformin administration for treatment of antipsychotic drug-induced amenorrhea: A post hoc analysis. ( 28292552 )	Li R....Wu R.	2017
34	Presentation of Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor with Amenorrhea. ( 28401076 )	Behnamfar F....Esteki M.	2017
35	Primary Amenorrhea and Endometriosis Secondary to an Unusual MA1llerian Anomaly. ( 28461177 )	Beran B.D....Falcone T.	2017
36	A Case of Primary Amenorrhea with Swyer Syndrome. ( 29430160 )	Priya P.K....Rizvi J.S.	2017
37	Amenorrhea after chemoembolization and suction curettage of caesarean scar pregnancy. ( 29303219 )	Czuczwar P....WoA_niak S.	2017
38	Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency: Novel Cause of Ambiguity with Primary Amenorrhea. ( 28459039 )	Khadilkar K.S....Shah N.S.	2017
39	Modulatory effects of l-carnitine plus l-acetyl-carnitine on neuroendocrine control of hypothalamic functions in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). ( 28573875 )	Genazzani A.D....Meczekalski B.	2017
40	Amenorrhea during thalidomide treatment: An unusual cause of ovarian failure? ( 28396134 )	Pulido-PAcrez A....SuA!rez-FernA!ndez R.	2017
41	Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and the Long-Term Health Consequences. ( 28658709 )	Shufelt C.L....Dutra E.	2017
42	The induction of ovulation by pulsatile administration of GnRH: an appropriate method in hypothalamic amenorrhea. ( 28277105 )	Christou F....Gomez F.	2017
43	Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its psychological correlates: a controlled comparison. ( 29517358 )	Pentz I....NakiA8 RadoA! S.	2017
44	Utility of complete blood count parameters to detect premature ovarian insufficiency in cases with oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea. ( 29243847 )	Sanverdi I....Ozkaya E.	2017
45	Serum kisspeptin concentrations are negatively correlated with body mass index in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea. ( 28500826 )	Bacopoulou F....Markantonis S.I.	2017
46	Treatments to Prevent Bone Loss in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( 29264505 )	Altayar O....Murad M.H.	2017
47	Secondary amenorrhea: Diagnostic approach and treatment considerations. ( 28832422 )	Pereira K....Brown A.J.	2017
48	Bone metabolism in anorexia nervosa and hypothalamic amenorrhea. ( 29107598 )	Chou S.H....Mantzoros C.	2017
49	Focus on BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism in adolescent girls first examined for amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. The emerging role of polycystic ovary syndrome. ( 27089404 )	Nezi M....Mastorakos G.	2016
50	Short-term estriol administration modulates hypothalamo-pituitary function in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA). ( 26634769 )	Genazzani A.D....Meczekalski B.	2016

Sources

Genes for Amenorrhea

Genes related to Amenorrhea (1 elite genes):

(show all 17)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	FSHR	Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor	Protein Coding	432.53	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
2	LHCGR	Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor	Protein Coding	32.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
3	NOBOX	NOBOX Oogenesis Homeobox	Protein Coding	31.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
4	POF1B	POF1B, Actin Binding Protein	Protein Coding	30.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
5	NR5A1	Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 5 Group A Member 1	Protein Coding	30.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
6	WNT4	Wnt Family Member 4	Protein Coding	30.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
7	LHB	Luteinizing Hormone Beta Polypeptide	Protein Coding	29.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
8	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	26.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	FSHB	Follicle Stimulating Hormone Subunit Beta	Protein Coding	25.39	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
10	GNRH1	Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1	Protein Coding	25.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	LEP	Leptin	Protein Coding	24.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	BMP15	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15	Protein Coding	24.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
13	SHBG	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Protein Coding	23.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	23.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	SRY	Sex Determining Region Y	Protein Coding	23.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	TRH	Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	23.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	23.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Amenorrhea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Amenorrhea:

⁶

#	Gene	Variation	Type	Significance	SNP ID	Assembly	Location
1	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.153-11T> A	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance		GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 49295440: 49295440
2	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.153-11T> A	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance		GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 49068301: 49068301
3	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs955385021	GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 49154416: 49154416
4	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs955385021	GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 49381555: 49381555

Sources

Expression for Amenorrhea

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Amenorrhea.

Sources

Pathways for Amenorrhea

Pathways related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 13)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁶ Show member pathways GPCR downstream signaling ⁶⁶ Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	13.93	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB
2	Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁶ Defective AVP causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI) ⁶⁶ Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands ⁶⁶ G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁶ GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁶ GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like ¹ Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ³⁷ Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁶ Peptide GPCRs ¹ Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins ⁶⁶ Vasopressin-like receptors ⁶⁶	13.26	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB
3	DAG and IP3 signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Beta-2 adrenergic-dependent CFTR expression ²² Ca-dependent events ⁶⁶ Calmodulin induced events ⁶⁶ CaM pathway ⁶⁶ Cam-PDE 1 activation ⁶⁶ CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase ⁶⁶ Development Beta-adrenergic receptors signaling via cAMP ²² Development Role of Activin A in cell differentiation and proliferation ²² EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma ⁶⁶ G Protein Signaling Pathways ¹ G-protein mediated events ⁶⁶ Inhibitory action of Lipoxin A4 on PDGF, EGF and LTD4 signaling ²² Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing ²² Opioid Signalling ⁶⁶ PKA activation ⁶⁶ PKA activation in glucagon signalling ⁶⁶ PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB ⁶⁶ PLC beta mediated events ⁶⁶ PLC-gamma1 signalling ⁶⁶ Signal transduction Calcium signaling ²²	12.85	FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 POMC
4	Prolactin Signaling Pathway ¹ ³⁷ Show member pathways Development Prolactin receptor signaling ²² Leptin signaling pathway ¹	12.23	LEP LHB LHCGR PRL
5	Peptide hormone metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Glycoprotein hormones ⁶⁶ Insulin processing ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁶⁶ Peptide hormone biosynthesis ⁶⁶ Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin ⁶⁶	11.97	FSHB LEP LHB POMC
6	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁶	11.8	CRH FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR POMC
7	Ovarian Infertility Genes ¹	11.05	FSHR LHCGR NR5A1
8	Ovarian steroidogenesis ³⁷	11.04	BMP15 FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR
9	Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades ²² Show member pathways phospho-PLA2 pathway ⁶⁶	10.97	LEP POMC TRH
10	Transcription_CREM signaling in testis ²²	10.89	FSHB FSHR
11	Nongenotropic Androgen signaling ¹	10.77	GNRH1 SHBG
12	Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics ⁶¹	10.28	CRH POMC
13	Hormone ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁶	10.14	FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LHB LHCGR

Sources

GO Terms for Amenorrhea

Cellular components related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.61	BMP15 CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP LHB
2	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.36	BMP15 CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP LHB

Biological processes related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 27)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.88	FSHB GNRH1 LHB NR5A1 POMC TRH
2	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	9.84	CRH GNRH1 LEP TRH
3	male gonad development	GO:0008584	9.77	FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 WNT4
4	peptide hormone processing	GO:0016486	9.69	FSHB LHB POMC
5	female gamete generation	GO:0007292	9.67	BMP15 FSHB FSHR
6	adrenal gland development	GO:0030325	9.65	CRH NR5A1 WNT4
7	female pregnancy	GO:0007565	9.65	CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP PRL
8	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:0046427	9.63	LEP PRL
9	uterus development	GO:0060065	9.63	FSHR LHCGR
10	hormone metabolic process	GO:0042445	9.63	LEP NR5A1 WNT4
11	response to corticosterone	GO:0051412	9.62	CRH TRH
12	male sex determination	GO:0030238	9.62	GNRH1 SRY
13	regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	GO:0050810	9.61	LEP NR5A1
14	positive regulation of male gonad development	GO:2000020	9.61	NR5A1 SRY
15	regulation of osteoclast differentiation	GO:0045670	9.61	FSHB FSHR LHCGR
16	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.61	BMP15 FSHB GNRH1 LEP LHB POMC
17	positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	GO:0045762	9.6	FSHR LHCGR
18	Sertoli cell proliferation	GO:0060011	9.59	FSHB FSHR
19	ovulation cycle process	GO:0022602	9.58	FSHR LHCGR
20	progesterone biosynthetic process	GO:0006701	9.58	FSHB LHB
21	primary ovarian follicle growth	GO:0001545	9.56	FSHR LHCGR
22	negative regulation of glucagon secretion	GO:0070093	9.55	CRH LEP
23	follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	GO:0042699	9.5	FSHB FSHR LHCGR
24	female gonad development	GO:0008585	9.46	FSHR LHCGR NR5A1 WNT4
25	hormone-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0009755	9.1	FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 TRH
26	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.22	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB
27	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.13	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LHB LHCGR

Molecular functions related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.55	CRH LEP LHB POMC WNT4
2	protein-hormone receptor activity	GO:0016500	9.26	FSHR LHCGR
3	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.23	CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP LHB POMC
4	follicle-stimulating hormone receptor activity	GO:0004963	8.96	FSHR LHCGR

Sources

Sources for Amenorrhea

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia

Amenorrhea

Aliases & Classifications for Amenorrhea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Amenorrhea:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Amenorrhea

Related Diseases for Amenorrhea

Diseases related to Amenorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Amenorrhea:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Amenorrhea

UMLS symptoms related to Amenorrhea:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Amenorrhea:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Amenorrhea

Drugs for Amenorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :

Cochrane evidence based reviews: amenorrhea

Genetic Tests for Amenorrhea

Genetic tests related to Amenorrhea:

Anatomical Context for Amenorrhea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Amenorrhea:

Publications for Amenorrhea

Articles related to Amenorrhea:

Genes for Amenorrhea

Genes related to Amenorrhea (1 elite genes):

Variations for Amenorrhea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Amenorrhea:

Expression for Amenorrhea

Pathways for Amenorrhea

Pathways related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Amenorrhea

Cellular components related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Amenorrhea

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :