Amenorrhea disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: AMN001 MIFTS: 56	Amenorrhea Categories: Reproductive diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Amenorrhea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Amenorrhea:

Name: Amenorrhea ¹² ⁷⁷ ³⁰ ⁶ ⁴⁵ ¹⁵ ⁷⁴

Absence of Menstruation ¹²

Amenia ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³⁴

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract

Absent, scanty and rare menstruation

Amenorrhoea, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:13938

ICD9CM ³⁶ 626.0

MeSH ⁴⁵ D000568

NCIt ⁵¹ C61443

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁹ 14302001

ICD10 ³⁴ N91.2

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0002453

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Summaries for Amenorrhea

Disease Ontology : ¹² A female reproductive system disease that is characterized by the absence of menstruation.

MalaCards based summary : Amenorrhea, also known as absence of menstruation, is related to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia and anorexia nervosa, and has symptoms including menometrorrhagia and ovulation bleeding. An important gene associated with Amenorrhea is FSHR (Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and DAG and IP3 signaling. The drugs Estradiol and Polyestradiol phosphate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, ovary and bone, and related phenotypes are endocrine/exocrine gland and homeostasis/metabolism

Wikipedia : ⁷⁷ Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age. Physiological states of... more...

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Related Diseases for Amenorrhea

Diseases related to Amenorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 293)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 23 without anosmia	31.7	FSHR GNRH1 LHB
2	anorexia nervosa	31.4	CRH LEP POMC PRL
3	pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting	31.4	POMC PRL TRH
4	polycystic ovary syndrome	30.9	FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 LEP PRL SHBG
5	premature ovarian failure 1	30.5	BMP15 FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 NOBOX NR5A1
6	gonadal dysgenesis	30.4	BMP15 FSHR NR5A1
7	endometriosis	30.1	GNRH1 NR5A1 WNT4
8	diabetes insipidus	30.0	CRH POMC PRL
9	craniopharyngioma	30.0	GNRH1 PRL TRH
10	hypogonadism	30.0	FSHB GNRH1 LHB LHCGR
11	hypogonadotropism	29.9	GNRH1 PRL
12	eating disorder	29.9	CRH LEP POMC
13	acanthosis nigricans	29.9	LEP PRL SHBG
14	acromegaly	29.8	POMC PRL TRH
15	hyperprolactinemia	29.6	GNRH1 POMC PRL SHBG TRH
16	endogenous depression	29.6	CRH GNRH1 TRH
17	pituitary apoplexy	29.5	GNRH1 POMC PRL
18	infertility	29.4	FSHB FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 LHB LHCGR
19	spinocerebellar degeneration	29.4	CRH PRL
20	hypothyroidism	29.2	FSHR LEP POMC PRL SHBG TRH
21	anovulation	29.2	BMP15 FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP PRL
22	empty sella syndrome	29.2	GNRH1 POMC PRL TRH
23	hypopituitarism	29.2	CRH GNRH1 POMC PRL
24	hyperthyroidism	29.1	LEP PRL SHBG TRH
25	conn's syndrome	29.1	CRH POMC PRL
26	hypoadrenalism	29.0	CRH POMC SHBG
27	hyperandrogenism	29.0	GNRH1 POMC PRL SHBG WNT4
28	pituitary gland disease	28.5	CRH GNRH1 POMC PRL TRH
29	premenstrual tension	28.4	CRH GNRH1 POMC PRL SHBG
30	ovarian disease	28.2	BMP15 FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 LHCGR NOBOX
31	amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome	12.3
32	ahumada del castillo syndrome	11.4
33	aromatase deficiency	11.3
34	mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome	11.2
35	frasier syndrome	11.2
36	perrault syndrome	11.2
37	ovarian dysgenesis 2	11.1
38	mullerian aplasia and hyperandrogenism	11.0
39	ovarian dysgenesis 1	11.0
40	leydig cell hypoplasia, type i	11.0
41	satoyoshi syndrome	11.0
42	leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter	11.0
43	premature ovarian failure 10	11.0
44	perrault syndrome 2	11.0
45	premature ovarian failure 8	11.0
46	premature ovarian failure 9	11.0
47	premature ovarian failure 11	11.0
48	ovarian dysgenesis 7	11.0
49	ovarian dysgenesis 8	11.0
50	blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus	10.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Amenorrhea:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Amenorrhea

UMLS symptoms related to Amenorrhea:

menometrorrhagia, ovulation bleeding

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Amenorrhea:

⁴⁷

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.31	BMP15 CRH FSHB FSHR GDF9 GNRH1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.15	CRH FSHB FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 LEP
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.1	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHCGR NOBOX
4	integument	MP:0010771	9.87	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP POMC PRL
5	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.85	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHCGR NR5A1
6	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.73	CRH GNRH1 LEP LHCGR POMC PRL
7	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.43	CRH GNRH1 LEP LHCGR POMC WNT4
8	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.4	BMP15 FSHB FSHR GDF9 GNRH1 LEP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Amenorrhea

Drugs for Amenorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 303)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Estradiol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

50-28-2

5757

Polyestradiol phosphate

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

28014-46-2

Tibolone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

5630-53-5

Calcium Carbonate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

471-34-1

Levonorgestrel

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

17489-40-6, 797-63-7

13109

Leuprolide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

53714-56-0

657181 3911

Metformin

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

657-24-9

14219 4091

Sodium Citrate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

68-04-2

Ethinyl Estradiol

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

57-63-6

5991

Cyproterone Acetate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

427-51-0

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

135968-09-1

Sargramostim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

123774-72-1, 83869-56-1

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

71-58-9

Progesterone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

57-83-0

5994

Copper

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1

7440-50-8

27099

Etonogestrel

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

54048-10-1

40976 6917715

Naproxen

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22204-53-1

156391 1302

Enoxaparin

Approved

Phase 4

9005-49-6

772

tannic acid

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

1401-55-4

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

94-09-7, 1994-09-7

2337

Aspirin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

50-78-2

2244

Desogestrel

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

54024-22-5

40973

Estrone

Approved

Phase 4

53-16-7

5870

Cetrorelix

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

120287-85-6

25074887 16129715

Vitamin D3

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

67-97-0

5280795 6221

Calcium

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

7440-70-2

271

Citric Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

77-92-9

311

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

59-30-3

6037

Enclomiphene

Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

15690-57-0

Tenofovir

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

147127-20-6

464205

Androgens

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Calciferol

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anti-Ulcer Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Contraceptive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Hormones

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Nutrients

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Trace Elements

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Vitamins

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anabolic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2

Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Micronutrients

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Estradiol 3-benzoate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Fertility Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Androgen Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 297)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Psychological Impact of Amenorrhea in Women With Endometriosis	Unknown status	NCT02393482	Phase 4	Estroprogestinic therapy (Etinil-estradiol/levonorgestre);Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (Leuprorelin acetate);Add back therapy 1 (tibolone);Add back therapy 2 (calcium carbonate/colecalciferol)
2	Surgical Ovarian Drilling Versus Hormonal Treatment for Infertility Associated to PolyCystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS)	Unknown status	NCT00378729	Phase 4	Metformin and FSHr
3	CavatermTM vs TCRE in Women With DUB	Unknown status	NCT00549159	Phase 4
4	Ethinyl Estradiol and Cyproterone Acetate in Irregular Menstruation	Unknown status	NCT01103518	Phase 4	Ethinyl Estradiol + Cyproterone acetate
5	Interest of Placental Alpha-microglobulin-1 Detection Test to Assess Risk of Premature Delivery in Reunion Island	Unknown status	NCT02904070	Phase 4
6	Myoinositol for the Treatment of Ovarian and Psychiatric Disorder in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients	Unknown status	NCT01246310	Phase 4
7	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency	Unknown status	NCT02783937	Phase 4	Saline
8	Optimal Planning of a Day 3 Cryopreserved(Frozen)-Thawed Embryo Transfer in a Natural Cycle With hCG Administration or After Spontaneous LH Peak?	Unknown status	NCT02145819	Phase 4	hCG
9	Metformin for Treatment Antipsychotic Induced Amenorrhea in Female Schizophrenic Patients	Completed	NCT01206153	Phase 4	metformin
10	Safety and Efficacy of PROMETRIUM® Capsules in Induction of Secretory Conversion	Completed	NCT00160199	Phase 4	PROMETRIUM® 300 mg;PROMETRIUM® 400 mg
11	Endometrial Ablation With Non-hysteroscopic Methods	Completed	NCT01173965	Phase 4
12	"Stair Step Study"	Completed	NCT03309176	Phase 4	Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 10 MG
13	Acceptability and Continuation Rate of Implanon in a Brazilian Public Sector	Completed	NCT01392157	Phase 4
14	The Effect of Metformin on Different Hormones in PCOS Patients	Completed	NCT02568488	Phase 4	Metformin
15	Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Lupus Activity	Completed	NCT00392093	Phase 4	Conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg/d + MPA 5 mg/d/10d
16	Medical Therapy Versus Radiofrequency Endometrial Ablation in the Initial Treatment of Menorrhagia	Completed	NCT01165307	Phase 4	Estradiol 30mcg / Levonorgestrel 150mcg monophasic oral contraceptive pills;Naproxen sodium pills
17	Timing of Postpartum Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Administration on Breastfeeding, Contraceptive Continuation, and Depression	Completed	NCT01463202	Phase 4	Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate;Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
18	Enoxaparin in the Prevention of Placental Insufficiency in Pregnant Women	Completed	NCT03528967	Phase 4	Enoxaparin 40 mg / 0.4 mL Prefilled Syringe;Aspirin 100 mg Oral Tablet, Enteric Coated
19	Metformin for Ectopic Fat Deposition and Metabolic Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)	Recruiting	NCT02500147	Phase 4	Metformin;Placebo
20	A Study to Compare the Menstrual Bleeding Profile Among Jaydess® and Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) Users. COLIBRI STUDY (Copper and Levonorgestrel IUD Barcelona Research Initiative).	Recruiting	NCT02957292	Phase 4	Levonorgestrel (13,5 mg) intrauterine device
21	Tenofovir As Prevention Of Hepatitis b Mother-to-child Transmission	Recruiting	NCT02937779	Phase 4	Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
22	Contraceptive Pill and Hormonal Vaginal Ring in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT01588873	Phase 4	oc:E-E-desogestrel/vaginal ring:E-E -ethonogestrel
23	The Kampala Women's Bone Study	Recruiting	NCT03464266	Phase 4	FTC/TDF;DMPA
24	Evaluation of 4th Generation Bipolar Radiofrequency Endometrial Ablation Device	Active, not recruiting	NCT02449304	Phase 4
25	NATural Ovarian Stimulation	Active, not recruiting	NCT02892942	Phase 4	Gonal-F®;Cetrotide®;Cetrotide®
26	The Luveris In Vitro Fertilization Trial	Terminated	NCT00889512	Phase 4	Luveris fixed dose;Luveris increasing dose
27	HexafluOride, a Contrast Agent for Placenta Echo-angiography	Unknown status	NCT02884297	Phase 3	Contrast agent: SonoVue®.
28	Trial of AMNIOECHANGE in Gastroschisis Affected Foetuses	Unknown status	NCT00127946	Phase 3
29	Study Evaluating Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol for Oral Contraception	Unknown status	NCT02021097	Phase 3	Levonorgestrel 100 mcg and Ethinyl Estradiol 20 mcg;Levonorgestrel 150 mcg and Ethinyl Estradiol 30 mcg
30	Efficacy of Antifolates Against Malaria in HIV-infected Pregnant Women and the Emergence of Induced Resistance in Plasmodium Falciparum	Unknown status	NCT01746199	Phase 3	cotrimoxazole daily prophylaxis;sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine
31	Reflexology's Effect on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT00746148	Phase 3
32	Reflexology's Effect on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)	Unknown status	NCT00744510	Phase 3
33	Nanoparticle-based Paclitaxel vs Solvent-based Paclitaxel as Part of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer (GeparSepto)	Unknown status	NCT01583426	Phase 3	nab-Paclitaxel;Paclitaxel
34	LutrePulse Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism	Completed	NCT01976728	Phase 3	Gonadorelin acetate subcutaneous (SC) 10 μg/pulse as a fixed dose, administered via. OmniPod pump;Gonadorelin acetate SC 15 μg/pulse as a fixed dose, administered via. OmniPod pump;Gonadorelin acetate SC 20 μg/pulse as a fixed dose, administered via. OmniPod pump;Placebo (SC 10, 15, or 20 μg/pulse as a fixed dose, administered via. OmniPod pump)
35	SJ-0021 (Gonalef®) Versus Purified Pituitary Gonadotropin (Fertinorm-P®) for Ovulation Induction in Japanese Infertile Women	Completed	NCT01185782	Phase 3	Gonalef® (Follitropin alfa);Purified pituitary gonadotropin (Fertinorm-P®)
36	Endometrial Safety Study	Completed	NCT00522873	Phase 3	0.25mg DRSP / 0.5mg E2 (BAY86-4891);0.5mg NETA / 1.0mg E2 (Activella)
37	PGL4001 Efficacy Assessment in Reduction of Symptoms Due to Uterine Leiomyomata	Completed	NCT01629563	Phase 3	PGL4001 5 mg;PGL4001 10 mg
38	S0230 Goserelin in Preventing Ovarian Failure in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT00068601	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;goserelin acetate
39	A Study to Evaluate of the Safety and Effectiveness of Asoprisnil in Treating Women With Uterine Fibroids	Completed	NCT00152256	Phase 3	Asoprisnil;Asoprisnil;Placebo
40	Uterine Balloon Treatment for Heavy Period Bleeding.	Completed	NCT00215618	Phase 3
41	Evaluation Of Pessaries In Twin Pregnancies With A Short Cervix (25 mm) Between 20-28 WG (EPEGE)	Completed	NCT00502190	Phase 3
42	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist for the Preservation of Ovarian Function During Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT02483767	Phase 3	goserelin;standard chemotherapy
43	Aromatase Inhibitors or GnRH-a for Uterine Adenomyosis	Completed	NCT01218581	Phase 2, Phase 3	received oral letrozole (2.5 mg/day)and goserelin subcutaneosly (3.6 mg/month)
44	Goserelin in Preventing Early Menopause in Premenopausal Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Breast Cancer	Completed	NCT00427245	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;goserelin acetate
45	PGL4001 Efficacy Assessment in Reduction of Symptoms Due to Uterine Leiomyomata	Completed	NCT01156857	Phase 3	PGL4001, placebo;PGL4001, progestin
46	Diafert for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement (DESTINy)	Completed	NCT02593513	Phase 3
47	Diafert® for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement	Completed	NCT02593461	Phase 3
48	Diafert for Embryo Selection and Fertility Improvement	Completed	NCT02586272	Phase 3
49	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Women With Stage I, Stage II, or Stage IIIA (cT1-3, N0-1, M0) Breast Cancer and Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes	Completed	NCT00003782	Phase 3	cyclophosphamide;docetaxel;doxorubicin
50	The Effects of Tualang Honey on Postmenopausal Women	Completed	NCT01300676	Phase 2, Phase 3	Tualang honey

Search NIH Clinical Center for Amenorrhea

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷⁴ / NDF-RT ⁵² :

17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone

2-bromoergocryptine mesylate

bromocriptine

gonadorelin

gonadorelin acetate

gonadorelin hydrochloride

hydroxyprogesterone caproate (usp)

medroxyprogesterone

medroxyprogesterone acetate

norelgestromin

norethynodrel

norgestimate

progesterone

progesterone pwdr

Cochrane evidence based reviews: amenorrhea

Sources

Genetic Tests for Amenorrhea

Genetic tests related to Amenorrhea:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Amenorrhea ³⁰

Sources

Anatomical Context for Amenorrhea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Amenorrhea:

⁴²

Breast, Ovary, Bone, Pituitary, Testes, Thyroid, Lung

Sources

Publications for Amenorrhea

Articles related to Amenorrhea:

(show top 50) (show all 1721)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	HIV and amenorrhea: a meta-analysis. ( 30531313 )	King EM...Murray MCM	2019
2	The frequency and predictors of persistent amenorrhea in premenopausal women with colorectal cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy. ( 30640791 )	Sahin T...Yalcin S	2019
3	Amenorrhea as a Side Effect of Low Dose Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case. ( 30690952 )	Naguy A	2019
4	Functional hypothalamic and drug-induced amenorrhea: an overview. ( 30742257 )	Lania A...Ambrosio MR	2019
5	Severe metabolic syndrome and primary amenorrhea as main pathophysiological features in a subtype of turner syndrome (46, X, del (X) Q 21). ( 30796876 )	Harsch IA...Konturek PC	2019
6	Relationships Between Thyroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Antioxidant Levels in Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and Impact on Bone Metabolism. ( 30847871 )	Mancini A...Lanzone A	2019
7	Women With Amenorrhea and Men With Menstruation: The Qualitative Experiences of People With Disorders of Sex Development in Nigeria. ( 30855517 )	Sani AM...Soh KL	2019
8	Sertraline-Related Amenorrhea in an Adolescent. ( 30865005 )	Ekinci N...Ekinci ?	2019
9	Causes Of Primary Amenorrhea At Tertiary Level Hospital. ( 30868785 )	Jabeen S...Nisar M	2019
10	Factors that Impact Fertility after Hysteroscopic Adhesiolysis for Intrauterine Adhesions and Amenorrhea: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( 30880159 )	Chen L...Xue M	2019
11	Sellar chondrosarcoma presenting with amenorrhea: A case report. ( 29979394 )	Cao J....Huang H.	2018
12	Heightened cortisol response to exercise challenge in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. ( 29170001 )	Sanders K.M....Berga S.L.	2018
13	Adjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy, Treatment-Related Amenorrhea, and Survival in Premenopausal HER2-Positive Early Breast Cancer Patients. ( 29878225 )	Lambertini M....De Azambuja E.	2018
14	Morphological and molecular variations induce mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism of athletic amenorrhea. ( 29403550 )	Xiong R.H....Feng S.	2018
15	Efficacy and safety of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy among patients with idiopathic and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. ( 29605411 )	Tranoulis A....Michala L.	2018
16	Bone Parameters in Anorexia Nervosa and Athletic Amenorrhea: Comparison of Two Hypothalamic Amenorrhea States. ( 29659886 )	Kandemir N....Misra M.	2018
17	Primary Amenorrhea Associated with Hyperprolactinemia in Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type II: A Case Report. ( 29949817 )	Cottas L.T....Resende E.A.M.R.	2018
18	Low Bone Mineral Density in Elite Female Athletes With a History of Secondary Amenorrhea in Their Teens. ( 29601346 )	Nose-Ogura S....Saito S.	2018
19	Amenorrhea ( 29489290 )	Nawaz G....Rogol A.D.	2018
20	Exercise and chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. ( 29857911 )	Mathis K.M....Schmitz K.	2018
21	Cytogenetic analysis of patients with primary amenorrhea in Eastern India. ( 29022424 )	Ghosh S....Halder A.	2018
22	Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: case presentations and overview of literature. ( 29858842 )	Nader S.	2018
23	A novel de novo autosomal translocation 46, XX, t (5; 8) in a female with primary amenorrhea. ( 29306565 )	Srilekha A....Venkateshwari A.	2018
24	Knowledge and Opinions of Postpartum Mothers About the Lactational Amenorrhea Method: The Turkish Experience. ( 29131679 )	A9zsoy S....Demirsoy Horta G.	2018
25	Risk of ovarian function recovery should be considered when switching from treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen to aromatase inhibitor therapy in women with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. ( 29155450 )	Chung C.	2018
26	Irreversible primary amenorrhea secondary to uterine damage and premature ovarian failure in Ewing's sarcoma in two patients. ( 29857112 )	Angeliki M....Maya L.	2018
27	Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine. ( 29744355 )	Moini Jazani A....Nasimi Doost Azgomi R.	2018
28	Amenorrhea along with renal and thyroid metastasis: Unusual presentation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. ( 30449933 )	Kumar A...Jakhmola CK	2018
29	Evaluation of menopausal status among breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. ( 30210227 )	Zhang B...Wang X	2018
30	The role of electrocardiogram in sex verification in a young adult with primary amenorrhea: a case report. ( 30220253 )	Asafa MA...Ogunlade O	2018
31	Prolonged Amenorrhea and Resumption of Menses in Women with HIV. ( 30222490 )	Cejtin HE...Massad LS	2018
32	Efficacy of a Herbal Formulation Based on Foeniculum Vulgare in Oligo/Amenorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( 30370852 )	Falahat F...Tavakkoli M	2018
33	Levonorgestrel intrauterine system associated amenorrhea: a systematic review and metaanalysis. ( 30527945 )	Sergison JE...Hubacher D	2018
34	Pyridoxine for the treatment of quetiapine-induced hyperprolactinemia and amenorrhea: A case report. ( 30584026 )	Gao Y...Zheng Z	2018
35	Amenorrhea as a Side Effect of Low Dose Aripiprazole: An Adolescent Case. ( 30121986 )	Guler G...Kara H	2018
36	FXPOI: Pattern of AGG Interruptions Does not Show an Association With Age at Amenorrhea Among Women With a Premutation. ( 30123240 )	Allen EG...Sherman SL	2018
37	Müllerian Agenesis Masquerading as Secondary Amenorrhea. ( 30123604 )	Tavera G...Lazebnik R	2018
38	Prognostic Significance of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Induced Amenorrhea in Luminal A and B Subtypes. ( 30123884 )	Ordu ?...?zmen V	2018
39	Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) as an underlying cause of symptoms in a patient presenting with hirsutism and secondary amenorrhea: case report and literature review. ( 30129786 )	Cyranska-Chyrek E...Rucha?a M	2018
40	Amenorrhea after lung cancer treatment. ( 30153217 )	Cathcart-Rake EJ...Yang P	2018
41	The effect of hormone therapy on bone mineral density and cardiovascular factors among Iranian female athletes with amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea: A randomized clinical trial. ( 30159278 )	Dadgostar H...Lotfian S	2018
42	Hydralazine-associated Amenorrhea in a Premenopausal Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature. ( 30166053 )	Yeboah KA...Shepler BM	2018
43	Knowledge and associated factors of lactational amenorrhea as a contraception method among postpartum women in Aksum town, Tigray Region, Ethiopia. ( 30176910 )	Abraha TH...Belay DS	2018
44	Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor with Elevated Inhibin B as a Cause of Secondary Amenorrhea in an Adolescent with Germ Line DICER1 Mutation. ( 28502826 )	Luke A.M....Whiteway S.L.	2017
45	Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. ( 28368518 )	Gordon C.M....Warren M.P.	2017
46	Amenorrhea, Secondary ( 28613709 )	Lord M....Sahni M.	2017
47	Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents. ( 29142910 )	Carswell J.M....Roberts S.A.	2017
48	Plasma kisspeptin levels in lactational amenorrhea. ( 28490208 )	Kotani M....Tanaka I.	2017
49	Partial Hydatiform Mole Associated With a Pregnancy at 22 Weeks of Amenorrhea. ( 28286033 )	Ben Salah I....Oueslati H.	2017
50	Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Reactivation by Kisspeptin-10 in Hyperprolactinemic Women With Chronic Amenorrhea. ( 29264460 )	Millar R.P....Young J.	2017

Sources

Genes for Amenorrhea

Genes related to Amenorrhea (1 elite genes):

(show all 17)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	FSHR	Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor	Protein Coding	441.44	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
2	NOBOX	NOBOX Oogenesis Homeobox	Protein Coding	31.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
3	LHCGR	Luteinizing Hormone/Choriogonadotropin Receptor	Protein Coding	30.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
4	POF1B	POF1B Actin Binding Protein	Protein Coding	30.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
5	NR5A1	Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 5 Group A Member 1	Protein Coding	30.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
6	WNT4	Wnt Family Member 4	Protein Coding	30	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
7	LHB	Luteinizing Hormone Beta Polypeptide	Protein Coding	29.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
8	FSHB	Follicle Stimulating Hormone Subunit Beta	Protein Coding	28.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
9	PRL	Prolactin	Protein Coding	25.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	GNRH1	Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 1	Protein Coding	24.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	LEP	Leptin	Protein Coding	24.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	BMP15	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15	Protein Coding	23.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
13	SHBG	Sex Hormone Binding Globulin	Protein Coding	23.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	23.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	TRH	Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	23.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	23.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	GDF9	Growth Differentiation Factor 9	Protein Coding	23.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Amenorrhea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Amenorrhea:

⁶

#	Gene	Variation	Type	Significance	SNP ID	Assembly	Location
1	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.153-11T> A	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs1553340669	GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 49295440: 49295440
2	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.153-11T> A	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs1553340669	GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 49068301: 49068301
3	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs955385021	GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 49154416: 49154416
4	FSHR	NM_000145.3(FSHR): c.2T> C (p.Met1Thr)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs955385021	GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 49381555: 49381555

Sources

Expression for Amenorrhea

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Amenorrhea.

Sources

Pathways for Amenorrhea

Pathways related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 13)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁷ Defective AVP causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI) ⁶⁷ Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands ⁶⁷ G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁷ GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁷ GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like ¹ Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ³⁸ Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁷ Peptide GPCRs ¹ Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins ⁶⁷ Vasopressin-like receptors ⁶⁷	13.28	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB
2	DAG and IP3 signaling ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Beta-2 adrenergic-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Ca-dependent events ⁶⁷ Calmodulin induced events ⁶⁷ CaM pathway ⁶⁷ Cam-PDE 1 activation ⁶⁷ CREB phosphorylation through the activation of Adenylate Cyclase ⁶⁷ Development Beta-adrenergic receptors signaling via cAMP ²³ Development Role of Activin A in cell differentiation and proliferation ²³ EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma ⁶⁷ G Protein Signaling Pathways ¹ G-protein mediated events ⁶⁷ Inhibitory action of Lipoxin A4 on PDGF, EGF and LTD4 signaling ²³ Neurophysiological process PGE2-induced pain processing ²³ Opioid Signalling ⁶⁷ PKA activation ⁶⁷ PKA activation in glucagon signalling ⁶⁷ PKA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB ⁶⁷ PLC beta mediated events ⁶⁷ PLC-gamma1 signalling ⁶⁷ Signal transduction Calcium signaling ²³	12.82	FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 POMC
3	Prolactin Signaling Pathway ¹ ³⁸ Show member pathways Development Prolactin receptor signaling ²³ Leptin signaling pathway ¹	12.23	LEP LHB LHCGR PRL
4	Peptide hormone metabolism ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Glycoprotein hormones ⁶⁷ Insulin processing ⁶⁷ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁶⁷ Peptide hormone biosynthesis ⁶⁷ Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin ⁶⁷	11.97	FSHB LEP LHB POMC
5	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	11.82	BMP15 GDF9 GNRH1 LHB
6	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁷	11.8	CRH FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR POMC
7	Ovarian Infertility Genes ¹	11.13	FSHR GDF9 LHCGR NR5A1
8	Ovarian steroidogenesis ³⁸	11.04	BMP15 FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR
9	Development_Leptin signaling via JAK/STAT and MAPK cascades ²³ Show member pathways phospho-PLA2 pathway ⁶⁷	11.02	LEP POMC TRH
10	Transcription_CREM signaling in testis ²³	10.89	FSHB FSHR
11	Nongenotropic Androgen signaling ¹	10.75	GNRH1 SHBG
12	Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics ⁶²	10.3	CRH POMC
13	Hormone ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁷	10.14	FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LHB LHCGR

Sources

GO Terms for Amenorrhea

Cellular components related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.65	BMP15 CRH FSHB GDF9 GNRH1 LEP
2	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.4	BMP15 CRH FSHB GDF9 GNRH1 LEP
3	secretory granule	GO:0030141	9.16	POMC TRH

Biological processes related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 30)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.89	GNRH1 LHB POMC TRH
2	regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043408	9.73	BMP15 FSHR GDF9
3	male gonad development	GO:0008584	9.72	FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 WNT4
4	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	9.67	CRH GNRH1 LEP TRH
5	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:0046427	9.65	LEP PRL
6	female gonad development	GO:0008585	9.65	FSHR NR5A1 WNT4
7	female pregnancy	GO:0007565	9.65	CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP PRL
8	eating behavior	GO:0042755	9.64	LEP TRH
9	response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0014070	9.64	GNRH1 TRH
10	peptide hormone processing	GO:0016486	9.63	FSHB LHB
11	response to corticosterone	GO:0051412	9.63	CRH TRH
12	adrenal gland development	GO:0030325	9.63	CRH NR5A1 WNT4
13	regulation of osteoclast differentiation	GO:0045670	9.62	FSHB FSHR
14	male sex determination	GO:0030238	9.62	GNRH1 NR5A1
15	positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity	GO:0045762	9.58	FSHR LHCGR
16	regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	GO:0050810	9.58	LEP NR5A1
17	hormone metabolic process	GO:0042445	9.58	LEP NR5A1 WNT4
18	negative regulation of glucagon secretion	GO:0070093	9.55	CRH LEP
19	ovulation cycle process	GO:0022602	9.54	FSHR LHCGR
20	Sertoli cell proliferation	GO:0060011	9.52	FSHB FSHR
21	follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	GO:0042699	9.51	FSHB FSHR
22	progesterone biosynthetic process	GO:0006701	9.49	FSHB LHB
23	female gamete generation	GO:0007292	9.46	BMP15 FSHB FSHR GDF9
24	hormone-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0009755	9.43	FSHB FSHR LHB LHCGR NR5A1 TRH
25	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.32	BMP15 FSHB GDF9 GNRH1 LEP LHB
26	parturition	GO:0007567	9.31	CRH
27	ovulation cycle	GO:0042698	9.3	GNRH1
28	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.17	CRH FSHR GNRH1 LEP LHB LHCGR
29	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.03	CRH FSHB FSHR GNRH1 LHB LHCGR
30	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	10	CRH FSHB GDF9 LEP PRL

Molecular functions related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.35	CRH LEP LHB POMC WNT4
2	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.23	CRH FSHB GNRH1 LEP LHB POMC
3	protein-hormone receptor activity	GO:0016500	9.16	FSHR LHCGR

Sources

Sources for Amenorrhea

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia

Amenorrhea

Aliases & Classifications for Amenorrhea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Amenorrhea:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Amenorrhea

Related Diseases for Amenorrhea

Diseases related to Amenorrhea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Amenorrhea:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Amenorrhea

UMLS symptoms related to Amenorrhea:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Amenorrhea:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Amenorrhea

Drugs for Amenorrhea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 74 / NDF-RT 52 :

Cochrane evidence based reviews: amenorrhea

Genetic Tests for Amenorrhea

Genetic tests related to Amenorrhea:

Anatomical Context for Amenorrhea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Amenorrhea:

Publications for Amenorrhea

Articles related to Amenorrhea:

Genes for Amenorrhea

Genes related to Amenorrhea (1 elite genes):

Variations for Amenorrhea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Amenorrhea:

Expression for Amenorrhea

Pathways for Amenorrhea

Pathways related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Amenorrhea

Cellular components related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Amenorrhea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Amenorrhea

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷⁴ / NDF-RT ⁵² :