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MCID: ANX010
MIFTS: 69

Anxiety

Categories: Genetic diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Anxiety

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Anxiety:

Name: Anxiety 57 11 28 5 41 38 16 71 75
Anxiety Disorders 53 43 71
Anxiety Disorder 11 14 16
Anxiety State 11 71
Anxiety Neurosis 71
Anxieties 14

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases Neuronal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 31


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 11 DOID:2030
OMIM® 57 607834
MeSH 43 D001008
NCIt 49 C2878
SNOMED-CT 68 65673007
ICD10 31 F41.8 F41.9
MedGen 40 C0003467
UMLS 71 C0003467 C0003469 C0700613 more
Sources

Summaries for Anxiety

About this section

MedlinePlus: 41 What is anxiety? Anxiety is a feeling of fear, dread, and uneasiness. It might cause you to sweat, feel restless and tense, and have a rapid heartbeat. It can be a normal reaction to stress. For example, you might feel anxious when faced with a difficult problem at work, before taking a test, or before making an important decision. It can help you to cope. The anxiety may give you a boost of energy or help you focus. But for people with anxiety disorders, the fear is not temporary and can be overwhelming. What are anxiety disorders? Anxiety disorders are conditions in which you have anxiety that does not go away and can get worse over time. The symptoms can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. What are the types of anxiety disorders? There are several types of anxiety disorders, including: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).People with GAD worry about ordinary issues such as health, money, work, and family. But their worries are excessive, and they have them almost every day for at least 6 months. Panic disorder. People with panic disorder have panic attacks. These are sudden, repeated periods of intense fear when there is no danger. The attacks come on quickly and can last several minutes or more. Phobias. People with phobias have an intense fear of something that poses little or no actual danger. Their fear may be about spiders, flying, going to crowded places, or being in social situations (known as social anxiety). What causes anxiety disorders? The cause of anxiety is unknown. Factors such as genetics, brain biology and chemistry, stress, and your environment may play a role. Who is at risk for anxiety disorders? The risk factors for the different types of anxiety disorders can vary. For example, GAD and phobias are more common in women, but social anxiety affects men and women equally. There are some general risk factors for all types of anxiety disorders, including: Certain personality traits, such as being shy or withdrawn when you are in new situations or meeting new people Traumatic events in early childhood or adulthood Family history of anxiety or other mental disorders Some physical health conditions, such as thyroid problems or arrhythmia What are the symptoms of anxiety disorders? The different types of anxiety disorders can have different symptoms. But they all have a combination of: Anxious thoughts or beliefs that are hard to control. They make you feel restless and tense and interfere with your daily life. They do not go away and can get worse over time. Physical symptoms, such as a pounding or rapid heartbeat, unexplained aches and pains, dizziness, and shortness of breath Changes in behavior, such as avoiding everyday activities you used to do Using caffeine, other substances, and certain medicines can make your symptoms worse. How are anxiety disorders diagnosed? To diagnose anxiety disorders, your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may also have a physical exam and lab tests to make sure that a different health problem is not the cause of your symptoms. If you don't have another health problem, you will get a psychological evaluation. Your provider may do it, or you may be referred to a mental health professional to get one. What are the treatments for anxiety disorders? The main treatments for anxiety disorders are psychotherapy (talk therapy), medicines, or both: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety disorders. CBT teaches you different ways of thinking and behaving. It can help you change how you react to the things that cause you to feel fear and anxiety. It may include exposure therapy. This focuses on having you confront your fears so that you will be able to do the things that you had been avoiding. Medicines to treat anxiety disorders include anti-anxiety medicines and certain antidepressants. Some types of medicines may work better for specific types of anxiety disorders. You should work closely with your health care provider to identify which medicine is best for you. You may need to try more than one medicine before you can find the right one. NIH: National Institute of Mental Health

MalaCards based summary: Anxiety, also known as anxiety disorders, is related to generalized anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder, and has symptoms including agitation, sleeplessness and mental and behavioral signs and symptoms. An important gene associated with Anxiety is SLC6A4 (Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signal Transduction and Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors). The drugs Nitrous oxide and Propofol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, breast and thyroid, and related phenotypes are nervous system and normal

OMIM®: 57 Human personality is shaped by genetic and environmental factors, and evidence suggests that the genetic component is highly complex, polygenic, and epistatic. Genetic factors are thought to contribute to 40 to 60% of trait variance. Molecular genetics has tried to identify specific genes for quantitative traits, called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The QTL concept suggests that complex personality traits or dimensions are not attributable to single genes, but to multiple interacting genes (Reif and Lesch, 2003). Fullerton et al. (2003) stated that psychologists were in agreement that the wide variation in human personalities can be explained by a small number of personality factors, including neuroticism (a measure of emotional stability), which manifests at one extreme as anxiety, depression, moodiness, low self-esteem, and diffidence. They cited a number of studies that had described a relationship between high scores on measures of neuroticism and major depressive disorder. They also noted that theoretical studies had suggested that large samples of randomly ascertained sibs could be used to ascertain phenotypically extreme individuals and thereby increase power to detect genetic linkage in complex traits. See also panic disorder (PAND1; 167870), which is a subtype of anxiety disorder. (607834) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Disease Ontology: 11 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations.

Wikipedia: 75 Anxiety is an emotion which is characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes... more...
Sources

Related Diseases for Anxiety

About this section

Diseases related to Anxiety via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 636)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 generalized anxiety disorder 33.9 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C
2 separation anxiety disorder 33.6 TSPO SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A CRH BDNF
3 panic disorder 33.4 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 PTK7 POMC MAOA
4 phobic disorder 33.1 SLC6A4 PTK7 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
5 social phobia 33.0 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
6 hypochondriasis 33.0 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
7 major depressive disorder 32.9 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C
8 obsessive-compulsive disorder 32.8 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
9 post-traumatic stress disorder 32.7 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
10 agoraphobia 32.7 SLC6A4 PTK7 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRH
11 acute stress disorder 32.6 SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A CRHR1 CRH BDNF
12 phobia, specific 32.5 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A CRHR1 CRH BDNF
13 neurotic disorder 32.5 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
14 asperger syndrome 32.2 SLC6A4 CNR1 BDNF
15 personality disorder 32.2 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
16 mood disorder 32.1 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
17 bipolar disorder 32.0 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
18 alcohol use disorder 32.0 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA CRHR1 CRH BDNF
19 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 31.9 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
20 substance abuse 31.9 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
21 alcohol dependence 31.8 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C
22 dysthymic disorder 31.8 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
23 psychotic disorder 31.8 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
24 eating disorder 31.5 SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1 CRH
25 migraine with or without aura 1 31.5 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
26 irritable bowel syndrome 31.4 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
27 anorexia nervosa 31.4 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
28 postpartum depression 31.4 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
29 avoidant personality disorder 31.4 SLC6A4 MAOA
30 bulimia nervosa 31.4 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A CNR1 BDNF
31 borderline personality disorder 31.4 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
32 tobacco addiction 31.4 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
33 disease of mental health 31.4 SLC6A4 POMC MIR485 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
34 adjustment disorder 31.3 TSPO SLC6A4 POMC HTR2A HTR1A CRH
35 withdrawal disorder 31.3 TSPO SLC6A4 POMC HTR1A CRHR1 CRH
36 body dysmorphic disorder 31.3 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
37 schizophrenia 31.3 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C
38 oppositional defiant disorder 31.3 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A BDNF
39 somatization disorder 31.3 SLC6A4 POMC CRH
40 fibromyalgia 31.3 TSPO SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
41 bipolar i disorder 31.2 SLC6A4 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A BDNF
42 endogenous depression 31.2 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
43 epilepsy 31.2 TSPO POMC MAOA HTR1A GPHN CNR1
44 parkinson disease, late-onset 31.2 TSPO TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A
45 headache 31.2 SLC6A4 HTR2A BDNF
46 alexithymia 31.2 SLC6A4 HTR2A CRH BDNF
47 atypical depressive disorder 31.2 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
48 substance dependence 31.1 TPH1 SLC6A4 POMC MAOA HTR2A HTR1A
49 antisocial personality disorder 31.1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A
50 opiate dependence 31.1 SLC6A4 POMC CRHR1 CRH BDNF

Comorbidity relations with Anxiety via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show top 50) (show all 78)


Acute Cor Pulmonale Acute Cystitis
Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorder
Allergic Rhinitis Atrophic Gastritis
Atypical Depressive Disorder Basilar Artery Insufficiency
Benign Essential Hypertension Borderline Personality Disorder
Bronchiectasis Bronchitis
Bronchopneumonia Cerebrovascular Disease
Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease Chronic Rhinitis
Conn's Syndrome Conversion Disorder
Deficiency Anemia Delusional Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder Dyskinesia of Esophagus
Dysthymic Disorder Esophagitis
Familial Atrial Fibrillation First-Degree Atrioventricular Block
Gastroesophageal Reflux Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Atherosclerosis Heart Disease
Histrionic Personality Disorder Hyperlipoproteinemia, Type Iv
Hypertension, Essential Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Hyperuricemia, Pulmonary Hypertension, Renal Failure, and Alkalosis Syndrome Hypochondriasis
Hypothyroidism Intermediate Coronary Syndrome
Intestinal Obstruction Iron Deficiency Anemia
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Labyrinthitis
Major Depressive Disorder Malignant Essential Hypertension
Meniere Disease Migraine with or Without Aura 1
Mitral Valve Disease Mood Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Anxiety:



Diseases related to Anxiety
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Anxiety

About this section

Clinical features from OMIM®:

607834 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

UMLS symptoms related to Anxiety:


agitation; sleeplessness; mental and behavioral signs and symptoms; nervousness; feeling tense; feeling jittery; anxiety symptoms

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Anxiety:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 nervous system MP:0003631 10 BDNF CNR1 CRH CRHR1 GPHN HTR1A
2 normal MP:0002873 9.91 BDNF CNR1 CRH CRHR1 GPHN OTX2
3 cellular MP:0005384 9.7 BDNF CNR1 CRH GPHN OTX2 PALS1
4 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 9.53 BDNF CNR1 CRH CRHR1 GPHN HTR1A
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Anxiety

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Drugs for Anxiety (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 660)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Nitrous oxide Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 10024-97-2 948
2
Propofol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 2078-54-8 4943
3
Amlodipine Approved Phase 4 88150-42-9 2162
4
Lorazepam Approved Phase 4 846-49-1 3958
5
Vortioxetine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 508233-74-7 9966051
6
Disulfiram Approved Phase 4 97-77-8 3117
7
Morphine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 57-27-2 5288826
8
Efavirenz Approved, Investigational Phase 4 154598-52-4 64139
9
Hydromorphone Approved, Illicit Phase 4 466-99-9, 71-68-1 5284570
10
Chamomile Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 4
11
Eszopiclone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 138729-47-2 969472
12
Celecoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 169590-42-5 2662
13
Oxycodone Approved, Illicit, Investigational Phase 4 76-42-6 5284603
14
Diazepam Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 439-14-5 3016
15
Atomoxetine Approved Phase 4 82248-59-7, 83015-26-3 54841
16
Tiagabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 115103-54-3 60648
17
Mirtazapine Approved Phase 4 85650-52-8, 61337-67-5 4205
18
Mifepristone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 84371-65-3 55245
19
Haloperidol Approved Phase 4 52-86-8 3559
20
Zopiclone Approved Phase 4 43200-80-2 5735
21
Clonazepam Approved, Illicit Phase 4 1622-61-3 2802
22
Nefazodone Approved, Withdrawn Phase 4 82752-99-6, 83366-66-9 4449
23
Rilpivirine Approved Phase 4 500287-72-9 6451164
24
Racivir Approved, Investigational Phase 4 143491-57-0, 143491-54-7 60877
25
Duloxetine Approved Phase 4 136434-34-9, 116539-59-4 60835
26
Norepinephrine Approved Phase 4 51-41-2 439260
27
Gabapentin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 60142-96-3 3446
28
Naproxen Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 22204-53-1 156391 1302
29
Ondansetron Approved, Withdrawn Phase 4 99614-02-5 4595
30
Azithromycin Approved Phase 4 83905-01-5 447043
31
Hydrochlorothiazide Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 58-93-5 3639
32
Esketamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 33643-46-8 182137
33
Brexpiprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4 913611-97-9 11978813
34
Cariprazine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 839712-12-8 11154555
35
Dextromethorphan Approved Phase 4 125-71-3 5362449 5360696
36
Amantadine Approved Phase 4 768-94-5 2130
37
Sertraline Approved Phase 4 79617-96-2 68617
38
Dopamine Approved Phase 4 62-31-7, 51-61-6 681
39
Acetylcholine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-84-3 187
40
Pregabalin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 148553-50-8 5486971
41
Ziprasidone Approved Phase 4 146939-27-7 60854
42
Propranolol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 318-98-9, 525-66-6 62882 4946
43
Rotigotine Approved Phase 4 99755-59-6, 92206-54-7 57537 59227
44
Methadone Approved Phase 4 76-99-3, 1095-90-5 4095
45
Oxybutynin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 5633-20-5 4634
46 Kava Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 9000-38-8
47
L-Glutamine Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 56-85-9 5961
48
Melatonin Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 73-31-4 896
49
Tandospirone Investigational Phase 4 87760-53-0 5378 91273
50
Tenofovir Experimental, Investigational Phase 4 147127-20-6, 202138-50-9 464205 6398764

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 4424)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A 14 Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study of Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Controlled Release Capsules in Adult ADHD With and Without Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity Unknown status NCT03785223 Phase 4 Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Controlled-Release Capsules;Placebo Capsule
2 Comparison of 2 Methods to Reduce Postoperative Pain in Children and a Comparison of 3 Methods of Preoperative Education Intervention to Reduce Anxiety in Children and Their Family Unknown status NCT00643032 Phase 4
3 The Short and Long Term Effects of Perioperative Pregabalin Use on Functional Rehabilitation, Pain Outcomes and Anxiety Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Unknown status NCT00762099 Phase 4 Pregabalin;Placebo
4 Vortioxetine Versus Placebo in Major Depressive Disorder Comorbid With Social Anxiety Disorder Unknown status NCT02294305 Phase 4 Vortioxetine;Placebo
5 Impact of 50% Nitrous Oxide Inhalation on Pain and Anxiety Induced by Lumbar Puncture: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02243826 Phase 4 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide/oxygen
6 The Effect of Hydroxyzine and Alprazolam Premedication on Preoperative Anxiety and Patient Satisfaction Unknown status NCT04184141 Phase 4 Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride;Alprazolam tablet;Placebo
7 Impact of 50% Nitrous Oxide Inhalation on Pain and Anxiety Induced by Lumbar Puncture: a Multicenter Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT03228628 Phase 4 Fixed 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen
8 The Effect and Reliability of Escitalopram in the Treatment of Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder or Anxiety Disorders Unknown status NCT03122158 Phase 4 Escitalopram
9 Comparison of Tandospirone, Amlodipine and Their Combination in Adults With Hypertension and Anxiety: a Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo-controlled Trial Unknown status NCT03667677 Phase 4 Tandospirone + Amlodipine;Tandospirone placebo + Amlodipine;Tandospirone + Amlodipine placebo;Tandospirone placebo + Amlodipine placebo
10 Effects of a Probiotic Supplement on Symptoms of ADHD and Anxiety in Children Unknown status NCT02545634 Phase 4
11 The Effect of Music Over the Tolerance to Colonoscopy ¿Does it Reduce the Discomfort, the Anxiety and the Need of Sedation? Multicentric Randomized Controlled Trial. Unknown status NCT01285284 Phase 4
12 Phase 4 Study of The Effect of Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang on the Anxiety of Hwa-byung : A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-control Trial Unknown status NCT01362114 Phase 4 SIHOGAYONGGOLMORYU TANG EXTRACT GRAN
13 Evaluation of the Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive, Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Patients Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder Unknown status NCT02213016 Phase 4
14 A Comparison of Two Doses of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Premedication in Children - a Double- Blind Randomised Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02459509 Phase 4 Dexmedetomidine
15 Intranasal Dexmedetomidine or Oral Midazolam Alone Versus Combination With Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Midazolam for Premedication in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Minor Surgery Unknown status NCT04135014 Phase 4 Midazolam;Dexmedetomidine;Midazolam and Dexmedetomidine
16 Effectiveness of Nitrous Oxide Administration Prior to Intranasal Midazolam for Moderate Sedation in Pediatric Dental Patients Unknown status NCT04083105 Phase 4 Nitrous Oxide;Midazolam
17 Effect Site Controlled, Reaction Time Safeguarded, Patient Maintained Sedation With Propofol A) in Oral Surgery Patients B) in General Dentistry Patients C) in Colonoscopy Patients Unknown status NCT00355693 Phase 4
18 Impact of 50% Nitrous Oxide Inhalation on Pain Induced by Lumbar Puncture in Emergency: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Unknown status NCT03941990 Phase 4 Fixed 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen
19 Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Program of Preparation to Pregnancy and Delivery Unknown status NCT01155804 Phase 4
20 A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Quetiapine SR and Divalproex Sodium ER on Anxiety in Bipolar Disorder With at Least Moderately Severe Current Anxiety and Lifetime Panic or Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Completed NCT00579280 Phase 4 quetiapine SR;divalproex sodium ER;placebo
21 Comparative Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Pharmacotherapy for Anxiety Completed NCT03522844 Phase 4 Escitalopram
22 Quetiapine Augmentation for Primary Anxiety Disorder or Mood Disorders With Comorbid Anxiety Symptoms Completed NCT00912535 Phase 4 Quetiapine extended release tablet;Placebo
23 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Risperidone Monotherapy in Ambulatory Bipolar Disorder With Current at Least Moderately Severe Anxiety and Lifetime Panic Disorder or Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00167479 Phase 4 risperidone (Risperdal)
24 Disentangling Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety-induced Physiological Stress Response Completed NCT02372110 Phase 4 HPA, ANS stimulation;Placebo
25 Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM): Improving Primary Care Anxiety Outcomes Completed NCT00347269 Phase 4 Psychotropic medication optimization
26 A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Design Trial to Compare Time to Response in the Symptoms of Anxiety to Concomitant Treatment With Niravamâ„¢ and an SSRI or SNRI to Treatment With an SSRI or SNRI Alone in Subjects With Generalized Anxiety Disorder or Panic Disorder Completed NCT00266409 Phase 4 Niravam;SSRI/SNRI
27 Vilazodone for Separation Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT01999920 Phase 4 Vilazodone;Placebo
28 A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Flexibly-dosed, Efficacy and Safety Study of Escitalopram in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT03924323 Phase 4 Escitalopram
29 Pharmacotherapy of Late-Life Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00105586 Phase 4 Escitalopram
30 Long-Term Lorazepam Use and Acute Toxicity in the Aged Completed NCT00044642 Phase 4 Lorazepam
31 12 Week Prospective Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial of Seroquel SR for Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Anxiety Completed NCT00352469 Phase 4 Seroquel XR
32 The Use of Acamprosate in Individuals With Alcohol Dependence and Comorbid Anxiety or Depression Completed NCT00330174 Phase 4 Acamprosate
33 A Study of Methods to Reduce Anxiety in Preoperative Elective Surgical Patients Completed NCT01866605 Phase 4 Midazolam;Normal Saline
34 Pharmacological Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the Elderly Completed NCT00701675 Phase 4 sertraline 50 mg daily;sertraline 100 mg daily;Placebo 50 or 100 mg
35 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of a Benzodiazepine vs Placebo on Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Brain, and on Behavioral/Clinical Measures in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00662259 Phase 4 Alprazolam (Xanax);Placebo
36 Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in the Treatment of Adult ADHD With Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity Completed NCT01863459 Phase 4 Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate;placebo
37 An Evaluation of Oral Midazolam for Anxiety and Pain in First-trimester Surgical Abortion: a Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT01830881 Phase 4 Midazolam;Ibuprofen;Lidocaine
38 Psycho-biological Substrates of Therapeutic Benefit of Thermal Cure on Generalized Anxiety Disorders (Insula-TOP) Completed NCT03277339 Phase 4 Paroxetine
39 Group Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the Treatment of Late-Life Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT02777905 Phase 4
40 Stress, Anxiety and Type A Personality and Analgesics. Impact on Induction Time and Consumption of Analgesics During Cardiac Surgery Completed NCT02756598 Phase 4 Sufentanil I;Sufentanil II;Propofol I;Propofol II
41 Disulfiram Combined With Lorazepam for Treatment of Patients With Alcohol Dependence and Primary or Secondary Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00721526 Phase 4 disulfiram plus lorazepam
42 Interventional, Open-label Effectiveness Study of Flexible Doses of Vortioxetine on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Comorbid With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT04220996 Phase 4 Vortioxetine
43 Assessment of the Effects of Melatonin on Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Surgery: a Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial Completed NCT02265822 Phase 4 melatonin in children premedication;midazolam in children premedication
44 Evaluation of the Effect of Aromatherapy With Lavender Essential Oil on Pain and Anxiety During Peripheral Venous Cannulation Completed NCT02592044 Phase 4
45 A Pilot Study of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation[CES] for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Completed NCT00539357 Phase 4
46 Multicenter Double-blind Placebo-controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Tenoten for Children in 12-week Treatment of Children With Anxiety Disorders Completed NCT05605938 Phase 4 Tenoten for children;Placebo
47 International Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Placebo-controlled Phase IV Clinical Trial of Different Dosing Regimens of Tenoten® in the Treatment of Anxiety in Patients With Somatoform, Stress-related and Other Neurotic Disorders Completed NCT03036293 Phase 4 Tenoten;Placebo
48 Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Refractory Anxiety: Impact on Clinical Outcomes, Resilience and Neuroendocrinologic Parameters Completed NCT00438386 Phase 4 Aripiprazole
49 Efficacy of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI) Treatment on Prefrontality in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Other Comorbidities Completed NCT01975480 Phase 4 Desvenlafaxine
50 Improving Quality of Life and Social Functionality With Escitalopram in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder With Anxiety Symptom Completed NCT01870843 Phase 4 Escitalopram

Search NIH Clinical Center for Anxiety

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


Amobarbital
AMOBARBITAL NA PWDR
Amobarbital Sodium
bromodiphenhydramine
Bromodiphenhydramine hydrochloride
Buspirone
buspirone hydrochloride
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride
Chlormezanone
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
clorazepate
Clorazepate Dipotassium
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine Citrate
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Doxepin
Doxepin Hydrochloride
halazepam
Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride
Hydroxyzine Pamoate
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM (ST. JOHN'S WORT)
Kava preparation
Lorazepam
Meprobamate
Methotrimeprazine
Midazolam
Midazolam Hydrochloride
Nortriptyline
Nortriptyline Hydrochloride
Oxazepam
Prazepam
Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine Edisylate Salt
Prochlorperazine Maleate

Cochrane evidence based reviews: anxiety disorders

Sources

Genetic Tests for Anxiety

About this section

Genetic tests related to Anxiety:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Anxiety 28 SLC6A4
Sources

Anatomical Context for Anxiety

About this section

Organs/tissues related to Anxiety:

MalaCards : Brain, Breast, Thyroid, Amygdala, Heart, Prefrontal Cortex, Cingulate Cortex
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Publications for Anxiety

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Articles related to Anxiety:

(show top 50) (show all 57649)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Duplication of GTF2I results in separation anxiety in mice and humans. 62 57
22578324 2012
2
Amygdalar and hippocampal substrates of anxious temperament differ in their heritability. 62 57
20703306 2010
3
A key role for orexin in panic anxiety. 62 57
20037593 2010
4
Familial clustering of major depression and anxiety disorders in Australian and Dutch twins and siblings. 62 57
16354503 2005
5
Glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulate anxiety in mice. 62 57
16244648 2005
6
Meta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits. 62 57
15108187 2004
7
A meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety. 62 57
14966478 2004
8
Role of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism in anxiety-related traits. 62 57
9783565 1998
9
Anxiety proneness linked to epistatic loci in genome scan of human personality traits. 62 57
9674977 1998
10
Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. 62 57
8929413 1996
11
Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor. 57
21350482 2011
12
Financial and psychological risk attitudes associated with two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the nicotine receptor (CHRNA4) gene. 57
19693267 2009
13
Allele variants in functional MicroRNA target sites of the neurotrophin-3 receptor gene (NTRK3) as susceptibility factors for anxiety disorders. 62 46
19370765 2009
14
Association analysis of monoamine genes with measures of depression and anxiety in a selected community sample of siblings. 57
15729745 2005
15
A genome scan of neuroticism in nicotine dependent smokers. 57
15389754 2005
16
Genetic variants implicated in personality: a review of the more promising candidates. 57
15389772 2004
17
Genome-wide linkage analysis of a composite index of neuroticism and mood-related scales in extreme selected sibships. 57
15351774 2004
18
Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticism. 57
12612864 2003
19
Tridimensional personality questionnaire trait of harm avoidance (anxiety proneness) is linked to a locus on chromosome 8p21. 57
12555238 2003
20
Toward a molecular architecture of personality. 57
12642172 2003
21
Association and linkage of anxiety-related traits with a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region in Israeli sibling pairs. 57
10822353 2000
22
An association study of a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene with personality and psychiatric symptoms. 57
9774781 1998
23
Effects of predictable behavioral patterns on anxiety dynamics. 41
36357536 2022
24
Effectiveness of Hypnosis for the Prevention of Anxiety During Coronary Angiography (HYPCOR study): a prospective randomized study. 41
36447198 2022
25
Trait anxiety is related to Nx4's efficacy on stress-induced changes in amygdala-centered resting state functional connectivity: a placebo-controlled cross-over trial in mildly to moderately stressed healthy volunteers. 41
36434512 2022
26
An association analysis of circadian genes in anxiety disorders. 53 62
20122683 2010
27
The CRF system, stress, depression and anxiety-insights from human genetic studies. 53 62
20010888 2010
28
Effect of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene variants on amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. 53 62
20331984 2010
29
A genetic variant BDNF polymorphism alters extinction learning in both mouse and human. 53 62
20075215 2010
30
Receptor and behavioral pharmacology of WAY-267464, a non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonist. 53 62
19615387 2010
31
Dose-dependent effects of the CRF(1) receptor antagonist R317573 on regional brain activity in healthy male subjects. 53 62
19911168 2010
32
The endocannabinoid system and the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. 53 62
19839936 2009
33
Population-specific functional variant of the TPH2 gene 2755C>A polymorphism contributes risk association to major depression and anxiety in Chinese peripartum women. 53 62
19588223 2009
34
The serotonin-1A receptor in anxiety disorders. 53 62
19423077 2009
35
Soluble corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2alpha splice variant is efficiently translated but not trafficked for secretion. 53 62
19520785 2009
36
A randomized controlled trial of intranasal oxytocin as an adjunct to exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. 53 62
19246160 2009
37
Sympathetic activity relates to adenosine A(2A) receptor gene variation in blood-injury phobia. 53 62
18629431 2009
38
Blushing propensity in social anxiety disorder: influence of serotonin transporter gene variation. 53 62
18629430 2009
39
How could MDMA (ecstasy) help anxiety disorders? A neurobiological rationale. 53 62
19273493 2009
40
Research in anxiety disorders: from the bench to the bedside. 53 62
19327970 2009
41
Variant BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects extinction of conditioned aversive memory. 53 62
19339601 2009
42
Association between the CYP2D6*4 polymorphism and depression or anxiety in the elderly. 53 62
19374513 2009
43
Dopamine transporters, D2 receptors, and dopamine release in generalized social anxiety disorder. 53 62
19180583 2009
44
Consequences of post-weaning social isolation on anxiety behavior and related neural circuits in rodents. 53 62
19738931 2009
45
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism affects amygdala activity in response to emotional stimuli: evidence from a genetic imaging study. 53 62
18603005 2008
46
Combined effects of exonic polymorphisms in CRHR1 and AVPR1B genes in a case/control study for panic disorder. 53 62
18384079 2008
47
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and smoking. 53 62
18602452 2008
48
Role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the control of neuroendocrine function. 53 62
18616955 2008
49
5-HT1A gene variants and psychiatric disorders: a review of current literature and selection of SNPs for future studies. 53 62
18047755 2008
50
Polymorphisms in the FKBP5 gene region modulate recovery from psychosocial stress in healthy controls. 53 62
18702710 2008
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Variations for Anxiety

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Anxiety:

5 (show all 11)
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID Position
1 USH2A NM_206933.4(USH2A):c.2299del (p.Glu767fs) DEL Pathogenic
 2351 rs80338903 GRCh37: 1:216420437-216420437
GRCh38: 1:216247095-216247095
2 GPHN, PALS1 NM_022474.4(PALS1):c.1289A>G (p.Glu430Gly) SNV Pathogenic
 983221 rs2085184370 GRCh37: 14:67783612-67783612
GRCh38: 14:67316895-67316895
3 OTX2 NM_021728.4(OTX2):c.191_193delinsGG (p.Leu64fs) INDEL Likely Pathogenic
 523565 rs1555350397 GRCh37: 14:57270986-57270988
GRCh38: 14:56804268-56804270
4 HMBS NM_000190.4(HMBS):c.958del (p.Ala320fs) DEL Likely Pathogenic
 373971 rs1057518806 GRCh37: 11:118963865-118963865
GRCh38: 11:119093155-119093155
5 CR1 NM_000651.6(CR1):c.6283C>A (p.His2095Asn) SNV Uncertain Significance
 812547 rs1571590802 GRCh37: 1:207783021-207783021
GRCh38: 1:207609676-207609676
6 HMBS NM_000190.4(HMBS):c.671T>C (p.Val224Ala) SNV Uncertain Significance
 1030658 rs963558406 GRCh37: 11:118963133-118963133
GRCh38: 11:119092423-119092423
7 TLN1 NM_006289.4(TLN1):c.2176dup (p.Thr726fs) DUP Uncertain Significance
 1705026 GRCh37: 9:35717424-35717425
GRCh38: 9:35717427-35717428
8 USH2A-AS2, USH2A NM_206933.4(USH2A):c.5003G>T (p.Gly1668Val) SNV Uncertain Significance
 598989 rs1265349835 GRCh37: 1:216258204-216258204
GRCh38: 1:216084862-216084862
9 ADAR NM_001111.5(ADAR):c.1646C>A (p.Ala549Asp) SNV Uncertain Significance
 598987 rs1557882064 GRCh37: 1:154571017-154571017
GRCh38: 1:154598541-154598541
10 MYH8, MYHAS NM_002472.3(MYH8):c.5743A>G (p.Ile1915Val) SNV Uncertain Significance
 598988 rs1216879928 GRCh37: 17:10293842-10293842
GRCh38: 17:10390525-10390525
11 ZBTB10 NM_001105539.3(ZBTB10):c.466C>T (p.Arg156Ter) SNV Uncertain Significance
 1684521 GRCh37: 8:81399511-81399511
GRCh38: 8:80487276-80487276

Copy number variations for Anxiety from CNVD:

6
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 139649 2 185171337 185512459 Deletion ZNF804A anxiety disorder
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Expression for Anxiety

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Anxiety.
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Pathways for Anxiety

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Pathways related to Anxiety according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Signal Transduction 66
13.54 TPH1 POMC HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
2
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) 66
Show member pathways
 13.13 POMC HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1 CRH
3
G-Beta Gamma Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 12.39 BDNF CNR1 CRH CRHR1 POMC
4
Neuroscience 3
12.3 TPH1 POMC HTR1A GPHN CNR1
5
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways 74
11.83 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2A HTR1A BDNF
6
Ca, cAMP and Lipid Signaling 3
11.81 TSPO HTR1A CNR1
7
Fragile X syndrome 74
Show member pathways
 11.8 GPHN CNR1 BDNF
8
Monoamine GPCRs 74
Show member pathways
 11.72 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
9
Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway 74
11.63 POMC CRHR1 CRH
10
Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome 74
11.39 POMC HTR2C BDNF
11
Serotonin and anxiety 74
Show member pathways
 10.9 POMC HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1 CRH
12
Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
Show member pathways
 10.86 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
13
Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics 60
10.85 POMC HTR2C
14
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
10.55 TPH1 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
15
Glucocorticoid Pathway (HPA Axis), Pharmacodynamics 60
10.28 POMC CRHR1 CRH
Sources

GO Terms for Anxiety

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Cellular components related to Anxiety according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 plasma membrane GO:0005886 10.28 SLC6A4 PTK7 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
2 plasma membrane GO:0005887 10.28 SLC6A4 PTK7 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CRHR1
3 synapse GO:0045202 9.9 SLC6A4 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A GPHN CRH
4 G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex GO:0098666 9.26 HTR2C HTR2A
5 obsolete integral component of presynaptic membrane GO:0099056 8.8 SLC6A4 HTR2A CNR1

Biological processes related to Anxiety according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of fat cell differentiation GO:0045600 9.97 TPH1 HTR2C HTR2A
2 memory GO:0007613 9.86 SLC6A4 HTR2A CNR1 BDNF
3 parturition GO:0007567 9.81 CRHR1 CRH
4 adrenal gland development GO:0030325 9.8 TSPO CRHR1 CRH
5 regulation of appetite GO:0032098 9.78 POMC HTR2C
6 G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway GO:0098664 9.77 HTR1A HTR2A HTR2C
7 serotonin receptor signaling pathway GO:0007210 9.76 HTR2A HTR1A
8 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process GO:0010513 9.73 HTR2C HTR2A
9 phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway GO:0007208 9.71 HTR2C HTR2A
10 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GO:0007187 9.56 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A CNR1
11 regulation of corticosterone secretion GO:2000852 9.46 POMC CRHR1
12 behavior GO:0007610 8.8 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A

Molecular functions related to Anxiety according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity GO:0004993 9.73 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
2 Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity GO:0001587 9.46 HTR2C HTR2A
3 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding GO:0071886 9.26 HTR2C HTR2A
4 serotonin binding GO:0051378 9.23 SLC6A4 HTR2C HTR2A HTR1A
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Sources for Anxiety

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2 CDC
6 CNVD
8 Cosmic
9 dbSNP
10 DGIdb
16 EFO
17 ExPASy
18 FMA
19 GARD
27 GO
28 GTR
29 HMDB
30 HPO
31 ICD10
32 ICD10 via Orphanet
33 ICD11
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 LifeMap
38 LOVD
40 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
52 NINDS
53 Novoseek
55 ODiseA
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)
61 PubChem
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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