Arachnoid Cysts, Intracranial

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OMIM 56 207790 MESH via Orphanet 44 D016080 ICD10 via Orphanet 33 G93.0 UMLS via Orphanet 72 C0078981

Orphanet 58 ORPHA2356 MedGen 41 C0751615 SNOMED-CT via HPO 68 228156007 247578003 258211005 271611007 33595009 91138005 more

NINDS : ⁵³ Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs that are located between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane, one of the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.   Primary arachnoid cysts are present at birth and are the result of developmental abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord that arise during the early weeks of gestation.  Secondary arachnoid cysts are not as common as primary cysts and develop as a result of head injury, meningitis, or tumors, or as a complication of brain surgery.  The majority of arachnoid cysts form outside the temporal lobe of the brain in an area of the skull known as the middle cranial fossa.  Arachnoid cysts involving the spinal cord are rarer.  The location and size of the cyst determine the symptoms and when those symptoms begin.  Most individuals with arachnoid cysts develop symptoms before the age of 20, and especially during the first year of life, but some people with arachnoid cysts never have symptoms.  Males are four times more likely to have arachnoid cysts than females.  Typical symptoms of an arachnoid cyst around the brain include headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures, hearing and visual disturbances, vertigo, and difficulties with balance and walking.  Arachnoid cysts around the spinal cord compress the spinal cord or nerve roots and cause symptoms such as progressive back and leg pain and tingling or numbness in the legs or arms.  Diagnosis usually involves a brain scan or spine scan using diffusion-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) which helps distinguish fluid-filled arachnoid cysts from other types of cysts.

MalaCards based summary : Arachnoid Cysts, Intracranial, also known as arachnoid cyst, is related to spinal intradural arachnoid cysts and tibia, absence or hypoplasia of, with polydactyly, retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst, and other anomalies. The drug Anesthetics has been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, brain and temporal lobe, and related phenotypes are macrocephaly and intellectual disability

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵² Arachnoid cysts are sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that are located between the brain or spinal cord and the arachnoid membrane, one of the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Arachnoid cysts can be primary or secondary. Primary arachnoid cysts are congenital (present at birth), resulting from abnormal development of the brain and spinal cord during early pregnancy. Secondary arachnoid cysts are less common, and result from head injuries, meningitis , tumors , or as a complication of brain surgery. Signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the cyst and may include headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures , hearing and visual disturbances, vertigo , and difficulties with balance and walking. Although many affected individuals develop symptoms in the first year of life, some never develop symptoms. Whether and how to treat the condition depends on the location and size of the cyst. In some cases, arachnoid cysts are part of a genetic syndrome such as Chudley-McCullough syndrome , mucopolysaccharidosis , or Marfan syndrome , where there are many other associated signs and symptoms. When treatment is recommended, it may include placing a shunt to drain the fluid; surgically removing the cyst membranes; or opening the cyst so the fluid can drain into the CSF.

OMIM : ⁵⁶ Arachnoid cysts are extraparenchymal, nonneoplastic accumulations of fluid with density similar to that of cerebrospinal fluid. They account for approximately 1% of intracranial space-occupying lesions, although studies since the advent of CT scanning suggest a higher percentage. A striking male preponderance has been observed (summary by Wilson et al., 1988). (207790)

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop... more...

Clinical features from OMIM:

207790

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