Arachnoiditis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

NINDS: ⁵² Arachnoiditis is caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord. The arachnoid can become inflamed because of an irritation from chemicals, infection from bacteria or viruses, as the result of direct injury to the spine, chronic compression of spinal nerves, or complications from spinal surgery or other invasive spinal procedures. Inflammation can sometimes lead to the formation of scar tissue and adhesions, which cause the spinal nerves to “stick” together. If arachnoiditis begins to interfere with the function of one or more of these nerves, it can cause a number of symptoms, including chronic and persistent pain, numbness, tingling, and a characteristic stinging and burning pain in the lower back or legs. Some people with arachnoiditis will have debilitating muscle cramps, twitches, or spasms. It may also affect bladder, bowel, and sexual function. In severe cases, arachnoiditis may cause paralysis of the lower limbs.

MalaCards based summary: Arachnoiditis, also known as familial spinal arachnoiditis, is related to bacterial meningitis and cauda equina syndrome. An important gene associated with Arachnoiditis is AQP4 (Aquaporin 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are 4-1BB Pathway and Neuroscience. The drugs Cyclophosphamide and Coenzyme M have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, bone and brain, and related phenotypes are muscle weakness and hearing impairment

GARD: ¹⁹ Arachnoiditis is a pain disorder caused by inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surrounds and protects the nerves of the spinal cord. The inflammation may occur due to irritation from chemicals; infection; direct injury to the spine; chronic compression of spinal nerves; or complications from spinal surgery or other spinal procedures. It may result in scar tissue and adhesions, which cause the spinal nerves to 'stick' together. If Arachnoiditis affects the function of nerves, it can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and a characteristic stinging and burning pain in the lower back or legs. In some people, it may affect the bladder, bowel, and sexual function. Very severe Arachnoiditis can result in paralysis of the legs.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A chronic inflammation of the arachnoid layer of the meninges, of which adhesive arachnoiditis is the most severe form, characterized by debilitating, intractable neurogenic back and limb pain and a range of other neurological problems.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Arachnoiditis is an inflammatory condition of the arachnoid mater or 'arachnoid', one of the membranes... more...

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Related Diseases for Arachnoiditis

Diseases related to Arachnoiditis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 790)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	bacterial meningitis	31.5	TNF IL1B CRP
2	cauda equina syndrome	31.1	TNF GFAP CRP
3	myelitis	30.4	TNF MBP AQP4
4	chiari malformation	30.3	MBP GFAP
5	spinal cord disease	30.3	TNF MBP GFAP CD4 AQP4
6	acute retrobulbar neuritis	30.1	MBP AQP4
7	vasculitis	30.1	TNF IL1B CRP
8	papilledema	30.1	CRP CD4 AQP4
9	encephalitis	30.1	TNF IL1B GFAP AQP4
10	arthropathy	30.0	TNF IL1B CRP
11	spondyloarthropathy 1	30.0	TNF IL1B CRP CD4
12	meningitis	30.0	TNF IL1B IFNG CRP AQP4
13	mastoiditis	30.0	CRP CD4
14	epidural abscess	29.9	IFNG CRP CD4
15	hydrocephalus	29.9	TNF MBP IFNG GFAP AQP4
16	neurosarcoidosis	29.8	TNF CRP CD4 AQP4
17	spinal cord injury	29.8	TNF GFAP AQP4
18	chiasmal syndrome	29.8	POMC NEFL
19	toxic encephalopathy	29.8	TNF IL1B GFAP
20	syphilis	29.8	TNF CRP CD4
21	brucellosis	29.7	TNF IFNG CRP
22	hyperthyroidism	29.7	TNF POMC CRP
23	pfeiffer syndrome	29.7	TNF CRP CD4
24	spondylitis	29.7	TNF IL1B IFNG CRP
25	cryptococcosis	29.7	TNF IFNG CD4
26	intracranial berry aneurysm	29.7	TNF NEFL IL1B CRP
27	chronic meningitis	29.7	IL1B CRP CD4
28	taeniasis	29.7	TNF TAC1 CD4
29	central nervous system tuberculosis	29.6	TNF IFNG CRP CD4
30	aseptic meningitis	29.6	TNF IL1B CRP CD4
31	common cold	29.6	TNF IL1B CRP CD4
32	toxoplasmosis	29.6	TNF IL1B IFNG
33	aspergillosis	29.6	TNF IL1B IFNG
34	mononeuropathy	29.5	TNF TAC1 CRP CD4
35	pain agnosia	29.5	TNF TAC1 POMC IL1B CRP
36	osteomyelitis	29.5	TNF IL1B IFNG CRP
37	neurotic disorder	29.4	TNF POMC IL1B CRP
38	fibromyalgia	29.4	TNF POMC IL1B CRP
39	urinary tract infection	29.4	TNF IL1B CRP CD4
40	cranial nerve palsy	29.4	TNF POMC CRP CD4 AQP4
41	intracranial hypertension	29.4	TNF POMC IL1B GFAP CRP AQP4
42	cryptococcal meningitis	29.4	TNF IFNG CD4
43	histoplasmosis	29.3	TNF IFNG CD4
44	paine syndrome	29.3	TNF TAC1 POMC IL1B
45	optic neuritis	29.3	TNF MBP IL1B GFAP AQP4
46	uveitis	29.3	TNF IL1B IFNG
47	secondary progressive multiple sclerosis	29.2	NEFL MBP CD4 AQP4
48	transverse myelitis	29.2	TNF MBP CRP CD4 AQP4
49	miliary tuberculosis	29.2	TNF IFNG CRP CD4
50	fungal meningitis	29.2	TNF IFNG CRP CD4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Arachnoiditis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Arachnoiditis

Human phenotypes related to Arachnoiditis:

⁵⁸ ³⁰ (show all 15)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	muscle weakness ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001324
2	hearing impairment ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000365
3	arthralgia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0002829
4	abnormality of vision ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000504
5	paresthesia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0003401
6	sensory neuropathy ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000763
7	meningitis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001287
8	hyporeflexia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001265
9	tinnitus ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0000360
10	anhidrosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0000970
11	hydrocephalus ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0000238
12	fatigue ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0012378
13	migraine ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002076
14	urinary bladder sphincter dysfunction ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002839
15	abnormality of the eye ⁵⁸		Very frequent (99-80%)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Arachnoiditis:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.32	AQP4 CD4 GFAP IFNG IL1B MBP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Arachnoiditis

Drugs for Arachnoiditis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 13)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Cyclophosphamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

50-18-0, 6055-19-2

2907

2

Coenzyme M

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

3375-50-6

598 23662354

3

Alkylating Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

4

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

5

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Phase 2, Phase 3

6

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

7

Immunologic Factors

Phase 2, Phase 3

8

Thalidomide

Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn

Phase 2

50-35-1

5426

9

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2

10

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2

11

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Phase 2

12

Immunoglobulins

13

Antibodies

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Efficacy and Safety of Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Refractory Proliferative Arachnoiditis in Central Nervous System Tuberculosis- A Randomized Double Blinded Placebo Controlled Trial	Not yet recruiting	NCT04620772	Phase 2, Phase 3	Cyclophosphamide injection
2	Prospective Study of the Use of Thalidomide in Patients With Arachnoiditis	Completed	NCT00284505	Phase 2	thalidomide
3	Diagnostic Accuracy of Imaging Findings in Tubercular Meningitis/Spinal Tubercular Arachnoiditis and Correlation With Outcomes in Patients With Tubercular Meningitis, Spinal Tubercular Arachnoiditis	Recruiting	NCT05636254
4	Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) Therapy Study	Withdrawn	NCT02371122

Search NIH Clinical Center for Arachnoiditis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: arachnoiditis

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Genetic Tests for Arachnoiditis

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Anatomical Context for Arachnoiditis

Organs/tissues related to Arachnoiditis:

MalaCards : Spinal Cord, Bone, Brain, Eye, Occipital Lobe, Cortex, Cerebellum

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Publications for Arachnoiditis

Articles related to Arachnoiditis:

(show top 50) (show all 1769)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Spinal Infections. ⁶²	Yokota H...Tali ET	36404042	2023
2	Magendie's foramen debridement and catheterisation for the treatment of syringomyelia due to diffuse craniocervical junction arachnoiditis. A case report and technical note. ⁶²	Champeaux-Depond C...Birladeanu A	35697525	2022
3	Methotrexate-Mediated Arachnoiditis in a Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ⁶²	Karamercan S...Kocak U	36172826	2022
4	Spinal Arachnoiditis in Patients with Coccidioidomycosis Meningitis-Analysis of Clinical and Imaging Features. ⁶²	Sivasubramanian G...Libke R	36354947	2022
5	Incidental finding of arachnoiditis ossificans in the lumbar spine. ⁶²	Cook WH...Baker JF	35112783	2022
6	Modified Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Results in Improved Clinical Outcomes. ⁶²	Wang JC...Hou SX	36334710	2022
7	Severe Paradoxical Manifestations in an Immunocompetent Young Female With Tuberculous Meningitis. ⁶²	Gupta S...Raj A	36348841	2022
8	Reasons for re-hospitalization in patients with tuberculous meningitis, and its impact on outcome: a prospective observational study. ⁶²	Patil MR...Sharma PK	36306031	2022
9	Posterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma Causing Tonsillar Herniation and Giant Cervicothoracic Syringomyelia: Case Report and Review of Literature. ⁶²	How Hong EA...Kounin G	36398186	2022
10	Novelty in Impact of Neurorehabilitation in a Classic Case of Syringomyelia. ⁶²	Gade SP...Kovela RK	36258946	2022
11	Evaluation of neurotrophic factor secreting mesenchymal stem cells in progressive multiple sclerosis. ⁶²	Cohen JA...Kern R	36113170	2022
12	Tuberculous myelitis: a prospective follow-up study. ⁶²	Khan MI...Jain P	35739331	2022
13	Assessment of main complications of regional anesthesia recorded in an acute pain unit in a tertiary care university hospital: a retrospective cohort. ⁶²	Campos MG...Leite D	33887339	2022
14	Pantopaque: Does It Still Migrate With Gravity After 30 Years? ⁶²	Ma F...Liu AK	35935113	2022
15	A Phase I/II Study of Intrathecal Trastuzumab in HER-2 Positive Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastases: Safety, Efficacy, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics. ⁶²	Kumthekar PU...Raizer JJ	35948282	2022
16	Delayed Symptomatic Entrapment and Herniation of Lumbar Nerve Root Due to a Prior Durotomy Defect Initially Misdiagnosed As Arachnoiditis: A Case Report. ⁶²	Stuebe CM...Vance AZ	36185852	2022
17	Cyclophosphamide therapy as an adjunct in refractory post-tubercular arachnoiditis. ⁶²	Goyal V...Srivastava MVP	35760482	2022
18	"PTFE Sleeve Graft" Technique to Remove Neurovascular Conflict in Micro Vascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia. ⁶²	Sinha AK...Krishnankutty M	36076637	2022
19	Surgical Management after Chiari Decompression Failure: Craniovertebral Junction Revision versus Shunting Strategies. ⁶²	Knafo S...Aghakhani N	35743405	2022
20	Pulse corticosteroids for the management of extensive CNS tuberculosis presenting with acute-onset quadriparesis. ⁶²	Arora U...Biswas A	35321986	2022
21	Isolated CNS relapse of medullary aggressive high-grade B-cell lymphoma on 18F-FDG-PET/CT. ⁶²	Lambe G...Nasoodi A	35501493	2022
22	Spinal arachnoiditis leading to recurrent reversible myelopathy: A case report. ⁶²	Jahja E...Gorman PH	33166210	2022
23	Spinal Arachnoiditis Ossificans: A Chronic Sequela of Tuberculosis. ⁶²	Karthigeyan M...Lal V	35864710	2022
24	Endoscopic endonasal approach for isolated subarachnoid neurocysticercosis in basal cisterns and its complications: illustrative case. ⁶²	Goulart LC...Cavalcante RAC	36303499	2022
25	Unilateral radiculopathy away from the puncture site due to adhesive arachnoiditis after spinal anesthesia for an emergent cesarean delivery: a case report. ⁶²	Shimizu S	35412174	2022
26	A Case Series on Neuropathogenic Nature of an Ancient Disease ----Tuberculosis. ⁶²	Hadimani S...Dash CK	35443412	2022
27	Candida Shunt Infection Causing Arachnoiditis and Hydrocephalus: A Case Report. ⁶²	Kim JJ...Ahmed AS	35510023	2022
28	Ketamine as an Adjunct for Treatment of Methotrexate-induced Neurotoxicity. ⁶²	Ilahi Z...Romanos-Sirakis E	35200225	2022
29	Venous congestion as a central mechanism of radiculopathies. ⁶²	Berthelot JM...Darrieutort-Laffite C	34653602	2022
30	Clinical Reasoning: A 64-Year-Old Man With History of Meningitis Presenting With Proximal Weakness of the Arms. ⁶²	Karschnia P...Baehring JM	34799459	2022
31	CNS cryptococcosis presenting with cerebellar stroke and spinal arachnoiditis. ⁶²	Priyadarshi M...Jadon R	35131790	2022
32	A new surgical method for treating syringomyelia secondary to arachnoiditis following cervical spine surgery: the syringo-cisterna magna shunt. ⁶²	Cho PG...Kim SH	35107619	2022
33	Myelitis: A Common Complication of Tuberculous Meningitis Predicting Poor Outcome. ⁶²	Jiang Y...Lu T	35370906	2022
34	Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of tuberculosis. ⁶²	Dhiman R...Saxena R	34127839	2022
35	Two Cases of Miliary and Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Following Glucocorticoid Therapy and Literature Review. ⁶²	Sous R...Kuran R	35225034	2022
36	Spinal arachnoiditis and syringomyelia: Review of literature with emphasis on postinfectious inflammation and treatment. ⁶²	Nadeem SF...Shamim MS	35928312	2022
37	Perspective: Lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis (AA)/ Chronic AA (CAA) are clinical diagnoses that do not require radiographic confirmation. ⁶²	Epstein NE...Agulnick MA	36447842	2022
38	The leptomeninges as a critical organ for normal CNS development and function: First patient and public involved systematic review of arachnoiditis (chronic meningitis). ⁶²	Palackdkharry CS...Traynelis VC	36178925	2022
39	Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Arachnoiditis Ossificans Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report. ⁶²	Nagashima Y...Saito R	36263188	2022
40	Review/Perspective On the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Spinal Arachnoid Cysts. ⁶²	Epstein NE	35399888	2022
41	Novel Transdural Epiarachnoid Approach for Large Central Disk Herniation in Upper Lumbar Spine. ⁶²	Nishikawa H...Mizuno M	34982924	2022
42	Flexible thecoscopy for extensive spinal arachnoiditis. ⁶²	Mastorakos P...Heiss JD	34598155	2021
43	Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess with lymphadenitis. ⁶²	Suri V...Rani H	34706919	2021
44	MRI Findings of Arachnoiditis, Revisited. Is Classification Possible? ⁶²	El Homsi M...Moukaddam H	33644967	2021
45	Immunotherapies in chronic adhesive arachnoiditis - A case series and literature review. ⁶²	Hackert J...Hagenacker T	34195394	2021
46	Editorial for "MRI Findings of Arachnoiditis, Revisited. Is Classification Needed?" ⁶²	Pemberton HG...Prados F	33713514	2021
47	The use of thalidomide to treat children with tuberculosis meningitis: A review. ⁶²	van Toorn R...Solomons RS	34500217	2021
48	Subdural fluid collection rather than meningitis contributes to hydrocephalus after cervical laminoplasty: A case report. ⁶²	Huang HH...Zhao CQ	34435016	2021
49	Arachnoiditis Ossificans in the Thoracic Spine With Associated Cyst and Syringomyelia: A Rare, Intraoperative Finding Complicating Dural Opening. ⁶²	Bailey D...Kelleher J	34513483	2021
50	Spinal Arachnoiditis Ossificans: A Case-Based Update. ⁶²	Brunner A...Kurschel-Lackner S	34307874	2021

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Genes for Arachnoiditis

Genes related to Arachnoiditis (0 elite genes):

(show all 13)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	AQP4	Aquaporin 4	Protein Coding	5.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
2	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	5.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	SERP1	Stress Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 1	Protein Coding	5.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	GFAP	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein	Protein Coding	4.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	4.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	CD4	CD4 Molecule	Protein Coding	4.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	TAC1	Tachykinin Precursor 1	Protein Coding	4.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	4.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	TOP1	DNA Topoisomerase I	Protein Coding	4.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	MBP	Myelin Basic Protein	Protein Coding	4.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	NEFL	Neurofilament Light Chain	Protein Coding	4.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	IFNG	Interferon Gamma	Protein Coding	4.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	4.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Arachnoiditis

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Expression for Arachnoiditis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Arachnoiditis.

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Pathways for Arachnoiditis

Pathways related to Arachnoiditis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 28)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	4-1BB Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways CD27 Pathway ⁶⁴ CD40 Signaling ⁶⁴ CMV and MAPK Pathways ⁶⁴ NF-KappaB Activation by EBV ⁶⁴ NF-kappaB Activation by Viruses ⁶⁴ PKR Pathway ⁶⁴ SUMO Pathway ⁶⁴ TNFR2 Pathway ⁶⁴	12.5	CD4 IFNG IL1B TNF
2	Neuroscience ³	12.41	POMC NEFL MBP GFAP
3	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ⁶¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²² Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²² IL23-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²² RAC1/PAK1/p38/MMP2 pathway ⁷⁴	12.4	TNF IL1B IFNG CD4
4	T-cell activation SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ⁷⁴	12	TNF IFNG CD4
5	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	11.94	TNF TAC1 IL1B AQP4
6	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.85	TNF IFNG CD4
7	Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling ⁷⁴	11.82	GFAP IFNG IL1B TNF
8	IL12-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways Immune response IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production ²²	11.81	CD4 IFNG IL1B
9	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.79	TNF POMC IL1B
10	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.7	TNF IL1B IFNG
11	Th17 Differentiation ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-21 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁵	11.68	IL1B IFNG CD4
12	Activation of NF-KappaB by PKR ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Canonical NF-kB pathway ⁷⁴ Cellular Transformation by HTLV1 ⁶⁴ Inhibition of PKR ⁶⁶ STING pathway in Kawasaki-like disease and COVID-19 ⁷⁴	11.62	TNF IL1B IFNG
13	IL27-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways IL12 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Th1 Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.62	TNF IL1B IFNG CD4
14	Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴	11.55	CRP IFNG TNF
15	Th17 cell differentiation pathway ⁷⁴	11.53	IL1B IFNG CD4
16	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.47	TNF IL1B IFNG
17	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.46	TNF IL1B IFNG CD4
18	THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴	11.4	TNF IFNG CD4
19	MSP-RON Signaling ⁶⁴	11.33	TNF IL1B IFNG
20	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁵	11.33	TNF IL1B IFNG CD4
21	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	11.29	TNF IL1B IFNG
22	Spinal cord injury ⁷⁴	11.16	TNF MBP IL1B IFNG GFAP AQP4
23	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.09	TNF IL1B IFNG
24	Overview of nanoparticle effects ⁷⁴	10.91	TNF CRP
25	Cellular roles of Anthrax toxin ⁶¹	10.91	TNF IL1B
26	LDL Oxidation in Atherogenesis ⁶⁴	10.83	TNF IL1B
27	Selective expression of chemokine receptors during T-cell polarization ⁷⁴	10.79	IFNG CD4
28	Cytokines and inflammatory response ⁷⁴	10.72	TNF IL1B IFNG CD4

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GO Terms for Arachnoiditis

Cellular components related to Arachnoiditis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	astrocyte end-foot	GO:0097450	8.92	GFAP AQP4

Biological processes related to Arachnoiditis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 21)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	immune response	GO:0006955	10.17	TNF MBP IL1B IFNG CD4
2	positive regulation of phagocytosis	GO:0050766	10	TNF IL1B IFNG
3	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	9.97	TNF IL1B IFNG
4	positive regulation of cytokine production	GO:0001819	9.96	IFNG IL1B TNF
5	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	9.93	TNF IL1B IFNG
6	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	9.92	IFNG IL1B MBP TNF
7	negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance	GO:1900222	9.9	TNF IFNG
8	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	9.89	TNF IL1B
9	regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	GO:1903140	9.88	TNF IL1B
10	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.88	TNF CRP
11	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.88	IFNG IL1B TNF
12	positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	GO:2000343	9.85	TNF MBP
13	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.84	TNF IL1B
14	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.81	TNF IL1B
15	sequestering of triglyceride	GO:0030730	9.73	TNF IL1B
16	positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process	GO:0051173	9.71	TNF IFNG
17	positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	GO:0060557	9.67	TNF IFNG
18	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	9.65	TNF IL1B GFAP
19	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	GO:0051044	9.63	TNF IL1B IFNG
20	astrocyte activation	GO:0048143	9.43	TNF IL1B IFNG
21	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	GO:0060559	9.1	TNF IL1B IFNG

Sources

Sources for Arachnoiditis

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: ARC002 MIFTS: 51	Arachnoiditis Categories: Genetic diseases, Nephrological diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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