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MCID: AST006
MIFTS: 47

Astigmatism

Categories: Eye diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Astigmatism

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Astigmatism:

Name: Astigmatism 56 12 74 29 54 6 43 15 71 32

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Eye diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:11782
OMIM 56 603047
ICD9CM 34 367.2 367.20
MeSH 43 D001251
SNOMED-CT 67 82649003
ICD10 32 H52.2 H52.20
MedGen 41 C0004106
UMLS 71 C0004106
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Summaries for Astigmatism

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OMIM : 56 Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998). (603047)

MalaCards based summary : Astigmatism is related to irregular astigmatism and aland island eye disease, and has symptoms including blurred vision and aniseikonia. An important gene associated with Astigmatism is ANKRD11 (Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11). The drugs Atropine and Tropicamide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, endothelial and testes.

Disease Ontology : 12 A refractive error characterized by the optics of the eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina, has symptom blurred vision.

Wikipedia : 74 Astigmatism is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina.... more...

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Related Diseases for Astigmatism

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Diseases related to Astigmatism via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 194)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 irregular astigmatism 34.5 KRT3 KRT12
2 aland island eye disease 33.1 GPR143 CACNA1F
3 refractive error 33.1 TOX NRXN1 CASC15
4 corneal dystrophy, meesmann, 1 31.9 KRT3 KRT12
5 pathologic nystagmus 31.2 GPR143 FRMD7 CACNA1F
6 corneal degeneration 30.8 KRT3 KRT12
7 recurrent corneal erosion 30.8 KRT3 KRT12
8 pseudopterygium 30.6 KRT3 KRT12
9 aniridia 1 30.5 KRT3 KRT12 FRMD7
10 congenital nystagmus 30.3 GPR143 FRMD7
11 regular astigmatism 12.5
12 rare hyperopia and astigmatism 12.2
13 keratoconus 11.7
14 isolated ectopia lentis 11.6
15 amblyopia 11.6
16 ametropic amblyopia 11.4
17 keratoconus 8 11.4
18 keratoconus 1 11.4
19 megalocornea 11.4
20 retinitis pigmentosa 11.4
21 cataract 11.2
22 microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation 11.2
23 lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome 11.2
24 ectopia lentis et pupillae 11.2
25 nystagmus 6, congenital, x-linked 11.2
26 nystagmus 1, congenital, x-linked 11.2
27 myopia 11.2
28 myhre syndrome 11.1
29 lacrimal duct defect 11.1
30 nystagmus 2, congenital, autosomal dominant 11.1
31 nystagmus 4, congenital, autosomal dominant 11.1
32 keratoconus posticus circumscriptus 11.1
33 macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive 11.1
34 pilodental dysplasia with refractive errors 11.1
35 nystagmus 5, congenital, x-linked 11.1
36 nystagmus 3, congenital, autosomal dominant 11.1
37 keratoconus 5 11.1
38 nystagmus 7, congenital, autosomal dominant 11.1
39 familial primary hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis 11.1
40 ichthyosis follicularis atrichia photophobia syndrome 11.1
41 ocular motor apraxia 10.8
42 suppression amblyopia 10.8
43 anisometropia 10.7
44 strabismus 10.6
45 mechanical strabismus 10.6
46 x-linked infantile nystagmus 10.6 GPR143 FRMD7
47 corneal dystrophy, lisch epithelial 10.6 KRT3 KRT12
48 keratitis, hereditary 10.5
49 limbal stem cell deficiency 10.5 KRT3 KRT12
50 cycloplegia 10.5

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Astigmatism:



Diseases related to Astigmatism
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Astigmatism

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Clinical features from OMIM:

603047

Symptoms:

12
  • • blurred vision

UMLS symptoms related to Astigmatism:


aniseikonia
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Astigmatism

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Drugs for Astigmatism (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 138)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Atropine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 5908-99-6, 51-55-8 174174
2
Tropicamide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1508-75-4 5593
3
Fluorouracil Approved Phase 4 51-21-8 3385
4
Bevacizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 4 216974-75-3
5
Ganciclovir Approved, Investigational Phase 4 82410-32-0 3454
6
Dipivefrin Approved Phase 4 52365-63-6 3105
7
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
8
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
9
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 83-43-2 6741
10
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-24-8 5755
11
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 4 2921-57-5
12 Prednisolone acetate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 52-21-1
13
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 302-25-0
14
Prednisolone hemisuccinate Experimental Phase 4 2920-86-7
15 Anti-Arrhythmia Agents Phase 4
16 Anti-Asthmatic Agents Phase 4
17 Adjuvants, Anesthesia Phase 4
18 Muscarinic Antagonists Phase 4
19 Bronchodilator Agents Phase 4
20 Cholinergic Agents Phase 4
21 Mydriatics Phase 4
22 Parasympatholytics Phase 4
23 Cholinergic Antagonists Phase 4
24 Angiogenesis Inhibitors Phase 4
25 Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological Phase 4
26 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 4
27 Antimetabolites Phase 4
28 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
29 Antiviral Agents Phase 4
30 Ganciclovir triphosphate Phase 4
31 Adrenergic Agonists Phase 4
32 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4
33 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 4
34 Protective Agents Phase 4
35 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4
36 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4
37
protease inhibitors Phase 4
38 Methylprednisolone Acetate Phase 4
39 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
40 BB 1101 Phase 4
41 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
42 Neuroprotective Agents Phase 4
43 Fluoroquinolones Phase 4
44 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
45 glucocorticoids Phase 4
46 Hormones Phase 4
47 Antiemetics Phase 4
48
Lidocaine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2, Phase 3 137-58-6 3676
49
Acetaminophen Approved Phase 3 103-90-2 1983
50
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 3 93-14-1 3516

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 383)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Effect of Posterior Corneal Toricity on Refractive Outcome of Pseudophakia Unknown status NCT01554761 Phase 4
2 Clinical Evaluation of Toric Intraocular Lens Made by Aurolab Unknown status NCT01396616 Phase 4
3 A Prospective, Randomized, Multi Center Clinical Comparison Of Fellow Eyes Undergoing Lasik Using The Amo/Visx Customvue™ , The Bausch And Lomb Zyoptix And Planoscan And The Wavelight Allegretto Wave™ Wavefront Guided And Wavefront Optimized Excimer Laser Systems Unknown status NCT00770094 Phase 4
4 PHASE IV STUDY # 1162. Prospective Investigation of SUPRACOR Visual Outcomes of Presbyopic Hyperopic Patients With and Without Astigmatism Unknown status NCT01628146 Phase 4
5 Comparison of Next Generation Laser Techniques of Myopia Correction: iDesign vs. SMILE Unknown status NCT03001401 Phase 4
6 Pilot Study of Prevention Myopia in Children With Low Concentration of Atropine Unknown status NCT00541177 Phase 4 atropine;tropicamide
7 Management of Recurrent Pterygium to Prevent Visual Impairment Unknown status NCT02530801 Phase 4 Bevacizumab;5 fluorouracil
8 Use of Toric Intraocular Lens to Neutralize Keratometric Astigmatism Completed NCT00925886 Phase 4
9 Monocular Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the Akreos™ Toric IOL When Used to Correct Primary Aphakia With the Reduction of Astigmatism Completed NCT00825513 Phase 4
10 Comparison of Toric IOL Implantation and Opposite Clear Corneal Incision During Cataract Surgery to Correct Corneal Astigmatism Completed NCT01763151 Phase 4
11 A Single-Center Study Comparing the Clinical Performance of Biofinity Toric Versus Air Optix for Astigmatism Over 1 Month of Daily Wear. Completed NCT01965288 Phase 4
12 Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment Implantation for High Astigmatism on Postkeratoplasty Eyes Completed NCT01018797 Phase 4
13 Phase IV Study_Prospective Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Femtosecond Laser-assisted Refractive Astigmatic Keratotomy Following the Cataract Surgery. Completed NCT01885780 Phase 4
14 Clinical Performance of Habitual Wearers of Hydrogel Toric Lenses When Refitted With Avaira Toric Silicone Hydrogel Lenses Completed NCT02142361 Phase 4
15 Evaluation of the Acrysof Toric Model SN60T3 Intraocular Lens in Patients With Predicted Residual Corneal Astigmatism Between 0.75 and 1.03 Diopters (D) Completed NCT00732030 Phase 4
16 Randomized Comparison of the Abbott WHITESTAR Signature System With Ellips Tranversal Ultrasound vs. the Alcon Infiniti With the Ozil Torsional Handpiece in Phacoemulsification: A Contralaterally-Controlled Trial Completed NCT01279031 Phase 4
17 A Prospective, Multi Center Clinical Comparison of Fellow Eyes Undergoing Lasik Using the Wavelight Allegretto Wave™ Excimer Laser in One Eye and the Amo/Visx Customvue™ or the Ladarvision 4000 Excimer Laser System in the Contralateral Eye Completed NCT00821236 Phase 4
18 A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the Supracor Presbyopic Treatment Algorithm for Pseudophakic Eyes Using Lasik Completed NCT01387360 Phase 4
19 Infiltrative Events During Silicone Hydrogel Daily Contact Lens (Daily Wear Corneal Infiltrative Event (DWCIE) Study) Completed NCT00937105 Phase 4
20 Visual Outcomes After Implantation of a New Refractive Toric Multifocal Intraocular Lens Completed NCT01505816 Phase 4
21 A Prospective, Double-masked, Placebo Controlled Comparison of Topical 0.15% Ganciclovir Gel (Zirgan®) Versus 0.3% Hypromellose Gel (Genteal Gel®; Placebo) for the Treatment of Adenovirus Conjunctivitis Completed NCT01533480 Phase 4 Zirgan;genteal gel
22 A Randomised Intra-patient Comparison of Closed Loop and Plate Haptic Toric, Aspheric, Aberration Neutral, Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses in Patients With Bilateral Astigmatism Recruiting NCT02264457 Phase 4
23 A Prospective Eye to Eye Comparison of LASIK Using the Alcon Allegretto Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser Versus AMO Visx Wavefront-Guided Excimer Laser Active, not recruiting NCT01454843 Phase 4
24 A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Fellow Eyes Undergoing Wavefront-guided PRK Versus Wavefront-optimized PRK Using the Alcon Allegretto Eye-Q 400 Excimer Laser Active, not recruiting NCT02091934 Phase 4
25 A Prospective Randomized Comparison of the AMO CustomVue to the Alcon Wavelight in Patients Undergoing LASIK Active, not recruiting NCT02565537 Phase 4
26 A Prospective Randomized Eye to Eye Comparison of Fellow Eyes Undergoing Lasik With the IntraLase(TM) FS Versus PRK Active, not recruiting NCT01140594 Phase 4
27 Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert for Post-Corneal Cross-Linking Inflammation and Pain- The LINK Study Not yet recruiting NCT04168112 Phase 4 Dextenza;Prednisolone Acetate
28 Clinical Evaluation of the Toric BuunyLens TR Intra-ocular Lens Unknown status NCT01659801 Phase 3
29 A Prospective Study To Evaluate The Safety And Effectiveness Of The SUPRACOR Presbyopic Treatment Algorithm For Myopia And Myopic Astigmatism Using LASIK Unknown status NCT01404884 Phase 3
30 Intrastromal Correction of Ametropia by a Femtosecond Laser Unknown status NCT00928122 Phase 3
31 Treatment of Keratoconus Using Collagen Cross-Linking By Means of Topical Riboflavin and UV Light. Unknown status NCT00841386 Phase 2, Phase 3 Riboflavin-5-phosphate;Sham cross-linking
32 The Safety and Effectiveness of Collagen Cross Linking With Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Light in Progressive Mild and Moderate Grades of Keratoconus. Unknown status NCT00815256 Phase 3
33 A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of the KXL System With vibeX Rapid (Riboflavin Ophthalmic Solution) for Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Eyes Having Keratoconus and Post LASIK Ectasia Unknown status NCT02638376 Phase 3
34 Comparison of Cross-cylinder and Conventional PRK for Laser Correction of Astigmatism: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Completed NCT00663923 Phase 3
35 A Prospective Multicenter, Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of the Presbyopia Algorithm for Hyperopia and Hyperopic Astigmatism Using LASIK Completed NCT00910403 Phase 3
36 The Berkeley Orthokeratology Study Completed NCT00000123 Phase 3
37 A Prospective Study of Femtosecond Laser Intracorneal Lensectomi in Treatment of Moderate to High Myopia Completed NCT01673503 Phase 3
38 Effects of Vertical Prism on the Symptoms of Dizziness, Headache and Anxiety as Caused by Vertical Heterophoria: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over Study Completed NCT00785135 Phase 3
39 A Randomized Study of Codeine Plus Paracetamol Versus Placebo for PRK Post-operative Pain Completed NCT02625753 Phase 3 Codeine;paracetamol;placebo
40 Randomized Study of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking With the UV-X System for the Treatment of Keratectasia in Eyes With Intacs Compared to Eyes Without Intacs Enrolling by invitation NCT01081561 Phase 2, Phase 3 Riboflavin
41 Topography Guided Excimer Laser Surface Ablation in Combination With Corneal Cross-linking (CCL) in Patients With Progressive Ectatic Corneal Disorders. Terminated NCT01682993 Phase 3
42 Myoring Versus Keraring Implantation for Keratoconus Unknown status NCT01869517 Phase 2
43 A Multi-Center Prospective Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Arcuate Incisions Performed With the IntraLase iFS Femtosecond Laser System Completed NCT01348854 Phase 2
44 Comparative Evaluation of Corneal Staining With Balafilcon A Lenses and Two Multi-Purpose Solutions Completed NCT01024855 Phase 1, Phase 2
45 Phase 1 Study of Ocular Aberrations and Visual Performance of Eyes Implanted With Three Multifocal Intra-ocular Lenses Completed NCT00876707 Phase 1, Phase 2
46 Is Non-cycloplegic Photorefraction Applicable for Screening Refractive Risk Factors of Amblyopia? Completed NCT01308307 Phase 2
47 Horizontal Rectus Tenotomy in the Treatment of Congenital Nystagmus Completed NCT00001866 Phase 2
48 Role of Pupil Centroid Shift Compensation on Lower and Higher Order Aberrations During Photorefractive Keratectomy: An Eye-to-Eye Study Recruiting NCT03844178 Phase 2 installation of Tetracaine 1%
49 A Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of LASIK With Cross-linking Performed With the KXL System and Photrexa ZD™ (Riboflavin Ophthalmic Solution) Compared to LASIK Alone for Hyperopia and Hyperopic Astigmatism Terminated NCT01893359 Phase 1, Phase 2 riboflavin ophthalmic solution, 0% dextran
50 Enhancement of Emmetropization in Hyperopic Infants Terminated NCT00574717 Phase 1, Phase 2

Search NIH Clinical Center for Astigmatism

Cochrane evidence based reviews: astigmatism

Sources

Genetic Tests for Astigmatism

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Genetic tests related to Astigmatism:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Astigmatism 29
Sources

Anatomical Context for Astigmatism

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Astigmatism:

40
Eye, Endothelial, Testes, Retina, Brain, Thyroid, Skin
Sources

Publications for Astigmatism

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Articles related to Astigmatism:

(show top 50) (show all 9764)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Inheritance of astigmatism: evidence for a major autosomal dominant locus. 61 56
9718344 1998
2
Astigmatism in 72 twin pairs. 61 56
2805714 1989
3
Genetic analysis of indices of corneal power and corneal astigmatism in human populations with varying incidences of strabismus. 61 56
1184316 1975
4
Ocular phenotype correlations in patients with TWIST versus FGFR3 genetic mutations. 54 61
17070479 2006
5
[Comparison of PKR and LASIK for the treatment of low myopia: statistic study of refractive and optic results]. 54 61
11965115 2002
6
[Accuracy and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy for astigmatism correction]. 54 61
11877233 1998
7
[Surgery in myopic astigmatism: arciform keratotomy and PKR versus PARK]. 54 61
9554138 1997
8
Clinical Outcomes of an Asymmetric Model of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments for the Correction of Keratoconus. 61
31577629 2020
9
Pterygium Is Related to Short Axial Length. 61
31714404 2020
10
Long-term Outcomes After LASIK Using a Hybrid Bi-aspheric Micro-monovision Ablation Profile for Presbyopia Correction. 61
32032429 2020
11
Fluctuation in straylight measurements during the visual recovery phase after small incision lenticule extraction. 61
31399702 2020
12
Applying Machine Learning Techniques in Nomogram Prediction and Analysis for SMILE Treatment. 61
31647929 2020
13
Clinical Outcomes of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction in Myopia: Study of Vector Parameters and Corneal Aberrations. 61
32037752 2020
14
Astigmatism Orientation After Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Keratoconus and Its Correlation With Preoperative Peripheral Corneal Astigmatism. 61
31634226 2020
15
Comparing refractive outcomes of a standard industry toric IOL calculator using anterior corneal astigmatism and total corneal refractive power. 61
31863399 2020
16
Optical quality in low astigmatic eyes with or without cylindrical correction. 61
31641885 2020
17
Refractive Errors and Amblyopia Among Children Screened by the UCLA Preschool Vision Program in Los Angeles County. 61
31647932 2020
18
Corneal elevation indices and pachymetry values of Saudi myopes using scheimpflug imaging. 61
32020151 2020
19
Pressure-Induced Interlamellar Stromal Keratitis After Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction Procedure: A Case Report. 61
31688202 2020
20
Wavefront properties of the anterior and posterior corneal surface after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in myopia. 61
32010287 2020
21
The Effect of Intraoperative Angle Kappa Adjustment on Higher-Order Aberrations Before and After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction. 61
32040010 2020
22
Comparative evaluation of re-use or replacement of dislocated 3-piece intraocular lenses with a scleral fixation technique. 61
31722807 2020
23
Surgical treatment of corneal dermoid by using intrastromal lenticule obtained from small-incision lenticule extraction. 61
31735992 2020
24
Effectiveness of the iPhone GoCheck Kids smartphone vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors. 61
31904429 2020
25
Safety of air tamponade versus corneal hydration for sealing clear corneal incisions in cataract surgery. 61
31953596 2020
26
Results of a clinical evaluation of a trifocal intraocular lens in Japan. 61
31900871 2020
27
Higher order aberrations, refractive error development and myopia control: a review. 61
31489693 2020
28
Corneal Laceration Associated With Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty. 61
31743279 2020
29
Repeatability and Agreement of a Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Biometer IOLMaster 700 Versus a Scheimpflug Imaging-Based Biometer AL-Scan in Cataract Patients. 61
30985487 2020
30
Age- and Gender-Related Characteristics of Corneal Refractive Parameters in a Large Cohort Study. 61
31526796 2020
31
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in eyes previously treated with collagen crosslinking for keratoconus: 3-year results. 61
31915972 2020
32
Comparison between refractive outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and standard phacoemulsification. 61
31898534 2020
33
Characterization of the effect of intracorneal ring segment in corneal ectasia after laser refractive surgery. 61
30384777 2020
34
Comparison of 27-gauge versus 25-gauge vitrectomy results in patients with epiretinal membrane: 6-month follow-up. 61
31956931 2020
35
Accelerated corneal cross-linking: Efficacy, risk of progression, and characteristics affecting outcomes. A large single-centre prospective study. 61
31945333 2020
36
Evaluation of the effect of optic zone diameter selection on high-order aberrations in photorefractive keratectomy excimer laser treatment. 61
31925593 2020
37
Toric intraocular lens in asymmetric astigmatism. 61
31982994 2020
38
Targeting Anterior Corneal Astigmatism With Topography-Guided Ablation Ignores Ocular Residual Astigmatism, Resulting in Inferior Outcomes. 61
31917855 2020
39
How much astigmatism to treat in cataract surgery. 61
31770161 2020
40
Modeling Changes in Corneal Parameters With Age: Implications for Corneal Disease Detection. 61
31469999 2020
41
Surgical Intervention of Periocular Infantile Hemangiomas in the Era of β-Blockers. 61
31809485 2020
42
Dry eye symptoms and signs in children wearing OK lenses for six months in China. 61
32000988 2020
43
Choroidal thickness in keratoconus. 61
31432355 2020
44
A Modified Customized Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lens to Improve Visualization During Phacoemulsification in Ectatic Corneas. 61
31976337 2020
45
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty techniques; predescemetic versus big bubble: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography study. 61
31987676 2020
46
Global-flash mfERG responses to local differences in spherical and astigmatic defocus across the human retina. 61
31808194 2020
47
Visual Performance and High-Order Aberrations with Different Contact Lens Prototypes with Potential for Myopia Control. 61
31314598 2020
48
Topography and Pachymetry Guided, Rapid Epi-on Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: 7-year Study Results. 61
31356422 2020
49
A Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Wearing Adjustable Glasses versus Standard and Ready-made Spectacles among Chinese Schoolchildren: Wearability and Evaluation of Adjustable Refraction III. 61
31543351 2020
50
Malapposition of graft-host interface after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK): an optical coherence tomography study. 61
32005141 2020
Sources

Variations for Astigmatism

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Astigmatism:

6 ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 ANKRD11 NM_013275.6(ANKRD11):c.5317G>T (p.Glu1773Ter)SNV Pathogenic 242882 rs1114167291 16:89347633-89347633 16:89281225-89281225
2 subset of 29 genes: TBX1 GRCh37/hg19 22q11.21(chr22:18894835-20311763)copy number loss Pathogenic 523273 22:18894835-20311763
3 GRIN2B NM_000834.4(GRIN2B):c.2002G>A (p.Asp668Asn)SNV Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity 373930 rs876661151 12:13761545-13761545 12:13608611-13608611
4 EYS NM_001142800.2(EYS):c.8519A>G (p.Glu2840Gly)SNV Uncertain significance 523415 rs1554163965 6:64431408-64431408 6:63721512-63721512
5 SLC9A6 NM_001042537.1(SLC9A6):c.1346C>A (p.Ala449Glu)SNV Uncertain significance 523398 rs1556619324 X:135098913-135098913 X:136016754-136016754
6 GFOD1 , MCUR1 , NOL7 , PHACTR1 , RANBP9 , RNF182 , SIRT5 , TBC1D7 GRCh37/hg19 6p24.1-23(chr6:12536624-13968949)copy number gain Uncertain significance 523282 6:12536624-13968949
Sources

Expression for Astigmatism

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Astigmatism.
Sources

Pathways for Astigmatism

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Sources

GO Terms for Astigmatism

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Biological processes related to Astigmatism according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 visual perception GO:0007601 9.26 VAX2 KRT12 GPR143 CACNA1F
2 phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling GO:0048015 8.8 PLCL1 PDGFRA GPR143
Sources

Sources for Astigmatism

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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