Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma (SCCB)

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Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0080902 ICD10 via Orphanet 33 C67.0 C67.1 C67.2 C67.3 C67.4 C67.5 C67.6 C67.7 C67.8 C67.9 more Orphanet 58 ORPHA284400

SNOMED-CT via HPO 68 126885006 166702002 197927001 21522001 34436003 49650001 53298000 66931009 more UMLS 70 C2212594

GARD : ²⁰ The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Orpha Number: 284400 Definition Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a very rare, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine epithelial bladder tumor characterized clinically by hematuria and/or dysuria and a highly aggressive course. Epidemiology SCCB is extremely rare with an annual incidence of less than 1-9/1,000,000. Since 1980, fewer than 1,500 cases have been identified. The demographic profile of SCCB is similar to that of patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The majority of patients are male, with a mean sex ratio of 5:1, and a range between 1:1 to 16:1. The vast majority of cases were reported in the Caucasian population. Clinical description Most knowledge on SCCB is based on retrospective investigations and on a few prospective studies. Mean age at diagnosis is 67 years (range 32 to 91 years). The clinical features of SCCB are similar to those of bladder TCC and reflect the presence of a tumoral mass. The main symptom is gross hematuria (63 to 88% of cases) with dysuria as the second most common symptom. Urinary obstruction, abdominal pain, urinary tract infection and weigh loss are occasionally present. SCCB often occurs with other types of carcinoma and is frequently found combined with other histological forms of bladder cancer : TCC, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. SCCB is generally believed to have a high metastatic potential. Rare cases of paraneoplastic syndromes such as ectopic ACTH secretion and hypercalcemia have also been reported. Etiology The etiology of the disease is unknown but a multipotent stem cell anomaly is thought to be a likely mechanism. A history of smoking is found in 65% to 79% of cases. Diagnostic methods Histology and immunohistochemistry show a tumor that is indistinguishable from small cell lung cancer (SCLC; see this term). Diagnosis of SCCB relies mainly on histopathological data obtained by cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Immunochemistry staining is useful in establishing the diagnosis. Light microscopy reveals packed cells having scant cytoplasm containing few organelles. Tumors are composed of nests of small round malignant cells with pyknotic round to oval nuclei and evenly dispersed ''salt and pepper chromatin ''. More than 95% of SCCB cases are diagnosed at muscle invasive stage T2 or later. Differential diagnosis The differential diagnosis includes direct invasion of the bladder by SCC of the prostate, metastatic SCC from another source, usually the lung, and primary lymphomas of the bladder. Management and treatment The staging system used is the TNM-staging of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Treatment is extrapolated from that of SCLC. However, many patients with SCCB undergo radical resection which is rarely performed in SCLC. Patients with surgically resectable disease should be managed with multimodal therapy associating chemotherapy, surgery and/or radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using 4 chemotherapy cycles followed by radical cystectomy is the most effective therapeutic sequence. Patients with unresectable disease should be managed with palliative chemotherapy based on neuroendocrine-type regimens comprising a platinum drug (cisplatin in fit patients). Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be considered in stages III/IV bladder SCC. Prognosis The prognosis of the disease is poor mainly in the case of pure small cell carcinoma.

MalaCards based summary : Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma, also known as small cell bladder cancer, is related to small cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. An important gene associated with Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma is ACP3 (Acid Phosphatase 3). Affiliated tissues include lung, prostate and pancreas, and related phenotypes are hematuria and bladder neoplasm

Disease Ontology : ¹² A bladder carcinoma that is characterized as an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.

Search NIH Clinical Center for Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Bladder Small Cell Carcinoma.