Brain Injury disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: BRN071 MIFTS: 50	Brain Injury Categories: Eye diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Brain Injury

MalaCards integrated aliases for Brain Injury:

Name: Brain Injury ⁵³ ³⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Eye diseases Neuronal diseases Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

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Summaries for Brain Injury

NINDS : ⁵³ Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. Other symptoms of mild TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, and trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking. A person with a moderate or severe TBI may show these same symptoms, but may also have a headache that gets worse or does not go away, repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions or seizures, an inability to awaken from sleep, dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in the extremities, loss of coordination, and increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation.

MalaCards based summary : Brain Injury is related to head injury and neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. An important gene associated with Brain Injury is TMEM158 (Transmembrane Protein 158), and among its related pathways/superpathways are MAPK signaling pathway and Prion disease. The drugs Diclofenac and Propranolol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, cortex and spinal cord, and related phenotypes are cardiovascular system and behavior/neurological

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Related Diseases for Brain Injury

Diseases related to Brain Injury via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1117)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	head injury	32.9	S100B ENO2 APOE
2	neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury	32.5	MBP ENO2 BDNF
3	persistent vegetative state	32.2	ENO2 APOE
4	periventricular leukomalacia	32.1	MBP IL6 EPO
5	post-cardiac arrest syndrome	31.8	S100B IL6 ENO2
6	cerebral hypoxia	31.8	IGF1 CASP3
7	amnestic disorder	31.8	S100B MAPT BDNF APOE
8	post-traumatic stress disorder	31.6	IL1B DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
9	cerebral artery occlusion	31.5	IL1B BDNF AQP4 APOE
10	ischemia	31.2	GFAP EPO CASP3 BDNF ASIC1
11	aphasia	31.2	MAPT BDNF APOE
12	status epilepticus	31.2	GFAP ENO2 CASP3 BDNF
13	dementia	31.2	UCHL1 MAPT GFAP DRD2 COMT BDNF
14	cardiac arrest	31.1	S100B EPO ENO2 ALB
15	agnosia	31.1	IL6 IL1B COMT BDNF ALB
16	mood disorder	31.1	IL6 GFAP DRD2 COMT BDNF
17	brain edema	31.0	IL6 IL1B GFAP AQP4 ALB
18	spinal cord injury	31.0	IL6 GFAP CASP3 BDNF AQP4
19	generalized anxiety disorder	31.0	DRD2 COMT BDNF
20	personality disorder	31.0	DRD2 COMT BDNF
21	cerebral palsy	30.9	S100B IL6 IL1B IGF1 BDNF APOE
22	normal pressure hydrocephalus	30.9	MAPT IGF1 GFAP BDNF AQP4 APOE
23	obsessive-compulsive disorder	30.9	IL6 IL1B IGF1 DRD2 COMT BDNF
24	alexithymia	30.9	IL6 DRD2 COMT
25	mental depression	30.8	IL6 IL1B DRD2 COMT BDNF
26	psychotic disorder	30.8	S100B DRD2 COMT BDNF
27	mild cognitive impairment	30.8	MAPT COMT BDNF APOE
28	anxiety	30.8	IL6 IL1B DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
29	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	30.8	S100B IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF
30	carotid artery occlusion	30.8	MBP IL1B GFAP CASP3 BDNF
31	substance abuse	30.7	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF ALB
32	alcohol use disorder	30.7	DRD2 COMT BDNF ALB
33	arteriovenous malformation	30.7	IL6 IL1B APOE
34	transient cerebral ischemia	30.7	MAPT IL1B CASP3
35	back pain	30.6	IL6 IL1B COMT
36	movement disease	30.6	MAPT DRD2 BDNF APOE
37	neurotic disorder	30.5	IL6 COMT BDNF
38	dysthymic disorder	30.5	IL6 COMT BDNF
39	substance dependence	30.5	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF
40	major depressive disorder	30.4	S100B IL6 IL1B DRD2 COMT BDNF
41	obstructive hydrocephalus	30.4	GFAP ENO2 AQP4
42	panic disorder	30.3	DRD2 COMT BDNF ASIC1
43	encephalitis	30.3	IL6 IL1B GFAP AQP4
44	fetal alcohol syndrome	30.3	GFAP CASP3 BDNF
45	borderline personality disorder	30.3	DRD2 COMT BDNF
46	akinetic mutism	30.3	S100B MBP MAPT ENO2
47	traumatic brain injury	30.3	UCHL1 SPTAN1 S100B MBP IL6 IL1B
48	ganglioglioma	30.2	S100B GFAP ENO2
49	cocaine dependence	30.2	DRD2 COMT BDNF
50	sexual disorder	30.2	IGF1 BDNF ALB

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Brain Injury:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Brain Injury

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Brain Injury:

⁴⁶ (show all 17)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.43	ALB APOE AQP4 ASIC1 CASP3 COMT
2	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.41	APOE AQP4 ASIC1 BDNF CASP3 COMT
3	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.4	ALB APOE AQP4 BDNF CASP3 COMT
4	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.37	APOE AQP4 BDNF CASP3 DRD2 ENO2
5	cellular	MP:0005384	10.36	ALB APOE BDNF CASP3 DRD2 ENO2
6	immune system	MP:0005387	10.32	ALB APOE AQP4 CASP3 COMT DRD2
7	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.31	ALB APOE AQP4 BDNF CASP3 DRD2
8	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.29	APOE AQP4 CASP3 COMT DRD2 EPO
9	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.22	APOE AQP4 ASIC1 BDNF CASP3 COMT
10	integument	MP:0010771	10.2	APOE BDNF CASP3 DRD2 EPO IGF1
11	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.19	ALB APOE AQP4 BDNF CASP3 DRD2
12	muscle	MP:0005369	10.06	ALB APOE CASP3 DRD2 EPO GFAP
13	normal	MP:0002873	9.96	ALB BDNF DRD2 EPO GFAP IGF1
14	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.91	ALB DRD2 IGF1 IL1B IL6 MAPT
15	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.85	ALB APOE AQP4 CASP3 COMT DRD2
16	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.7	APOE AQP4 BDNF CASP3 COMT DRD2
17	taste/olfaction	MP:0005394	9.1	APOE BDNF CASP3 DRD2 ENO2 MAPT

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Brain Injury

Drugs for Brain Injury (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 387)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5

3033

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

525-66-6

4946

Testosterone undecanoate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

5949-44-0

Testosterone enanthate

Approved

Phase 4

315-37-7

9416

Testosterone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

58-22-0

6013

Methyltestosterone

Approved

Phase 4

58-18-4

6010

Dalteparin

Approved

Phase 4

9005-49-6

Tinzaparin

Approved

Phase 4

9041-08-1, 9005-49-6

25244225

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-33-8

2771

Doxycycline

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

564-25-0

54671203

Simvastatin

Approved

Phase 4

79902-63-9

54454

Exenatide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

141758-74-9

15991534

Cisatracurium

Approved

Phase 4

96946-41-7

62887

Donepezil

Approved

Phase 4

120014-06-4

3152

Amitriptyline

Approved

Phase 4

50-48-6

2160

Prednisolone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52-21-1

Pramipexole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

104632-26-0

59868 119570

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

302-25-0

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

83-43-2

6741

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-24-8

5755

Aspirin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-78-2

2244

Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate

Approved

Phase 4

2921-57-5

Rotigotine

Approved

Phase 4

99755-59-6, 92206-54-7

57537

Clopidogrel

Approved

Phase 4

120202-66-6, 113665-84-2

60606

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99-66-1

3121

Sumatriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

103628-46-2

5358

Zolmitriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

139264-17-8

441240 60857

Rivastigmine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

123441-03-2

77991

Pregabalin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

148553-50-8

5486971

Lamotrigine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

84057-84-1

3878

Rizatriptan

Approved

Phase 4

144034-80-0, 145202-66-0

5078

Amantadine

Approved

Phase 4

768-94-5

2130

Buspirone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

36505-84-7

2477

Huperzine A

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

102518-79-6

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

69-65-8

453 6251

Hydrocortisone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-03-3

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-23-7

5754

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1994-09-7, 94-09-7

2337

tannic acid

Approved

Phase 4

1401-55-4

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Memantine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

19982-08-2

4054

Racepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

329-65-7

838

Epinephrine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

51-43-4

5816

Zinc

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7440-66-6

32051

Choline

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

62-49-7

305

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

68-26-8, 11103-57-4

445354

Melatonin

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

73-31-4

896

Prednisolone hemisuccinate

Experimental

Phase 4

2920-86-7

Cytidine Diphosphate Choline

Phase 4

retinol

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 1406)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A Randomised Control Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of Sensory Stimulation Program in Reducing the Length of Time Spent by Severely Brain Injured Patients in a Vegetative State in the Acute Hospital Environment	Unknown status	NCT00163878	Phase 4
2	A Clinical Trial of the Effect of Midazolam on the Cerebral Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02071407	Phase 4	Midazolam;Placebo
3	Efficiency and Tolerance of a Small-peptide Enteral Feeding Formula Compared to a Whole-protein Formula in the Critically Ill Patient : a Prospective Randomized Trial	Unknown status	NCT01833624	Phase 4
4	Normothermia in Patients With Acute Cerebral Damage	Unknown status	NCT00491192	Phase 4	Diclofenac
5	Effect of Amantadine Administration on Spatial Functioning Following Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02321761	Phase 4	Amantadine hydrochloride
6	Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Versus Nonintensive Insulin Therapy for Hyperglycemia After Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02161055	Phase 4	Insulin
7	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Antidepressant Maintenance for Major Depression Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT00162916	Phase 4	citalopram;Placebo
8	Pilot Study: The Effect of Rozerem on Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT01207050	Phase 4	Ramelteon
9	Citicholine-Amantadine Trial in Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT03430817	Phase 4	Citicholine;Amantadine
10	Effect of Erythropoietin on Preterm Brain Injury	Completed	NCT02036073	Phase 4	recombinant human erythropoietin
11	Equimolar Doses of Mannitol and Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Elevated Intracranial Pressure	Completed	NCT00447018	Phase 4	20% mannitol;7.45% hypertonic saline solution
12	Pharmacological Intervention in Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury (A Research Study Within the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System)	Completed	NCT00205491	Phase 4	Venlafaxine
13	Using Propranolol in Traumatic Brain Injury to Reduce Sympathetic Storm Phenomenon: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Injury to Reduce Sympathetic Storm Phenomenon: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03401515	Phase 4	Propranolol Hydrochloride 1 MG/ML
14	Improvement of Therapy in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Differential Impact of Local and Systemic Changes and Routinely Applied Drugs	Completed	NCT02130674	Phase 4	Dipeptiven
15	Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis Protocols Using Intravenous Levetiracetam in a Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit	Completed	NCT00618436	Phase 4	Levetiracetam;Phenytoin
16	Bispectral Index Value Changes During Induction and Surgical Decompression in Head Injury Patients	Completed	NCT03480880	Phase 4
17	Efficacy of Methylphenidate for Management of Long-Term Attention Problems After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)	Completed	NCT01933217	Phase 4	Methylphenidate;Placebo
18	Amantadine Hydrochloride for Treatment of Symptoms of the Post-traumatic Confusional State Among Neurorehabilitation Admissions With TBI: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT00693121	Phase 4	Amantadine hydrochloride;Placebo capsule
19	Phase IV Study of Cognitive Rehabilitation Effectiveness for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT01339806	Phase 4
20	Doxycycline Effects on Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Acute Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT04239755	Phase 4	Doxycycline 100 MG Oral Tablet
21	Treatment Outcomes With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate (Vyvanse) in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Attention Deficits	Completed	NCT02712996	Phase 4	Lisdexamfetamine;Placebo
22	Simvastatin: Proof-of-Concept for Prevention of Neurodegeneration in Mild TBI	Completed	NCT01952288	Phase 4	simvastatin;Placebo Oral Tablet
23	Topiramate Treatment of Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Use in Veterans With TBI	Completed	NCT01750268	Phase 4	Topiramate;Placebo
24	The Control of Brain Networks After Traumatic Brain Injury: a Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Study of Dopamine and Cognition	Completed	NCT02015949	Phase 4	Methylphenidate;Placebo
25	A 26-Week Open-Label Extension to Protocol No. CENA713BUS11: A 12-Week, Prospective, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Rivastigmine 3 to 6 mg/Day in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) With Persistent Cognitive Deficits	Completed	NCT00219245	Phase 4	Rivastigmine
26	The Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00170378	Phase 4	Enoxaparin
27	Intravenous Exenatide Infusion in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Brain Injury	Completed	NCT02058940	Phase 4	Exenatide
28	Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Methylphenidate Effects on Early Recovery	Completed	NCT00035139	Phase 4	methylphenidate
29	Beta-Adrenergic Blockade for Suppression of Catecholamine Surge Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Trial	Completed	NCT02957331	Phase 4	Propranolol
30	The Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Major Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00254007	Phase 4	citalopram (celexa)
31	Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Testosterone Therapy	Completed	NCT01201863	Phase 4	Androgel (Testosterone Gel);Androgel Placebo
32	Anterior Pituitary Hormone Replacement in Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00957671	Phase 4	Recombinant human growth hormone
33	Cerebral Protection of Dexmedetomidine Against Paroxysmal Sympathetic Overexcited in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury	Recruiting	NCT04006054	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine;Midazolam
34	Does Short-Term Anti-Seizure Prophylaxis After Traumatic Brain Injury Decrease Seizure Rates?	Recruiting	NCT03054285	Phase 4	Levetiracetam
35	Potential Impact of Amantadine on Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes	Recruiting	NCT04527289	Phase 4	Amantadine (100mg) as add on therapy.;Placebo
36	Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension of Severe Tramatic Brain Injured Patients. Physiopathologic Effects of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. A Controlled Randomized Study Versus Placebo	Recruiting	NCT02404779	Phase 4	cisatracurium besilate
37	MLC901 for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Pilot, Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT04487275	Phase 4	MLC901 or Placebo
38	NEUROTHERM: The Effect of Paracetamol on Brain Temperature in Acute Brain Injury in a Neuro Critical Care Unit: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT03648021	Phase 4	Paracetamol;Placebo
39	Quality Improvement and Practice Based Research in Neurology Using the Electronic Medical Record	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02670161	Phase 4	Listed for each disorder below, up to three drugs per disorder (too many characters to list in this field; see Intervention Description)
40	Beta Blocker Use In Traumatic Brain Injury Based On The High-Sensitive Troponin T Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial (BBTBBT)	Not yet recruiting	NCT04508244	Phase 4	Placebo;Propranolol
41	Combination Treatment With Cerebrolysin and Amantadine on Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study	Not yet recruiting	NCT04427241	Phase 4	Amantadine Sulfate plus Cerebrolysin;Amantadine Sulfate;Cerebrolysin
42	A Randomized, Controlled, Single-center Clinical Study of Huperzine A in the Treatment of Brain Injury in Patients With Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage	Not yet recruiting	NCT04509323	Phase 4	Huperzine A for Injection
43	Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI)	Not yet recruiting	NCT04437498	Phase 4
44	Buspirone and Melatonin for Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury	Not yet recruiting	NCT04400266	Phase 4	B+MEL
45	Propofol Versus Midazolam for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients Who Presented With Traumatic Brain Injury: Cytokine Response and Neuropsychological Assessment (IRRC#1201M)	Terminated	NCT01712477	Phase 4	Intravenous sedation using propofol;Intravenous sedation with midazolam
46	Double-blind Cross-over Study of the Effect of Namenda on Short Term Memory and Attention in Patients With Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury, Protocol NAM-MD-44	Terminated	NCT00462228	Phase 4	Memantine;Placebo
47	Combining Observational and Physiologic Sedation Assessment Tools	Terminated	NCT00538369	Phase 4
48	A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Investigate Safety and Efficacy of Cerebrolysin in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury	Terminated	NCT01606111	Phase 4	Cerebrolysin;0.9% NaCl, saline
49	Compared Effects of 2 Doses of Mannitol on Post Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension	Terminated	NCT00795587	Phase 4	variation of mannitol dose
50	Functional Vision Consequences of Rehabilitation for TBI Vision Loss	Terminated	NCT01214070	Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Brain Injury

Cell-based therapeutics:

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Read about Brain Injury cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.

Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Brain Injury:

Hematopoietic stem cells for treatment of ischemic brain injury

Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Brain Injury:

Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (family)

Sources

Genetic Tests for Brain Injury

Sources

Anatomical Context for Brain Injury

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Brain Injury:

⁴⁰

Brain, Cortex, Spinal Cord, Pituitary, Endothelial, Bone Marrow, Eye

Sources

Publications for Brain Injury

Articles related to Brain Injury:

(show top 50) (show all 30000)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A nomogram based on serum cystatin C for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Wang RR...Kang Y	33478333	2021
2	Eucalyptol ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model. ⁶¹	Xu G...Sun C	33550883	2021
3	Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase aggravates brain injury in diabetic rats with traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Yang WC...Li WZ	33433486	2021
4	Hydroxyethylstarch revisited for acute brain injury treatment. ⁶¹	Schick MA...Neuhaus W	33318420	2021
5	Comparative transcriptomic analysis of rat versus mouse cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Yang MS...Liu BY	33318400	2021
6	Brief inhalation of sevoflurane can reduce glial scar formation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. ⁶¹	Gao QS...Zhao P	33269750	2021
7	Collagen/heparan sulfate porous scaffolds loaded with neural stem cells improve neurological function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Zhang J...Sun HT	33269752	2021
8	Emergence of the Wallerian degeneration pathway as a mechanism of secondary brain injury. ⁶¹	Hill CS...Loreto A	33229742	2021
9	Longitudinal study of quality of life in acquired brain injury: A self- and proxy-report evaluation. ⁶¹	Verdugo MA...Amor AM	33552163	2021
10	Targeting chronic and evolving neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury to improve long-term outcomes: insights from microglial-depletion models. ⁶¹	Henry RJ...Loane DJ	33229740	2021
11	Impact of pediatric traumatic brain injury on hippocampal neurogenesis. ⁶¹	Rizk M...Zhang Z	33229731	2021
12	Evaluation of diffusion measurements reveals radial diffusivity indicative of microstructural damage following acute, mild traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Mahan MY...Samadani U	33359428	2021
13	Tibetan medicine Duoxuekang ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice by restoration of cerebrovascular function. ⁶¹	Li N...Zhang Y	33246120	2021
14	ER stress mediated‑autophagy contributes to neurological dysfunction in traumatic brain injury via the ATF6 UPR signaling pathway. ⁶¹	Wang DY...Xu X	33537827	2021
15	Experimental diffuse brain injury and a model of Alzheimer's disease exhibit disease-specific changes in sleep and incongruous peripheral inflammation. ⁶¹	Saber M...Rowe RK	33319441	2021
16	A "hot Spot"-Enhanced paper lateral flow assay for ultrasensitive detection of traumatic brain injury biomarker S-100β in blood plasma. ⁶¹	Gao X...Wu N	33429202	2021
17	MicroRNA-376b-5p targets SOX7 to alleviate ischemic brain injury in a mouse model through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ⁶¹	Zhao B...Zhang Y	33482187	2021
18	Heat shock protein 22 modulates NRF1/TFAM-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and DRP1-sparked mitochondrial apoptosis through AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to alleviate the early brain injury of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. ⁶¹	Fan H...Duan C	33472123	2021
19	Prognostic value of CT perfusion and permeability imaging in traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Avsenik J...Surlan Popovic K	33009337	2021
20	Subcallosal haemorrhage as a sign of diffuse axonal injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Guarnizo A...Chakraborty S	33160606	2021
21	Cognition in patients with traumatic brain injury measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic. ⁶¹	An J...Sun S	31060382	2021
22	Injury during adolescence leads to sex-specific executive function deficits in adulthood in a pre-clinical model of mild traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Kaukas L...Corrigan F	33333110	2021
23	Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via SIRT1/NRF2/Prx2/ASK1/p38 after traumatic brain injury in mice. ⁶¹	Zhang XS...Li W	33326114	2021
24	Paeoniflorin treatment regulates TLR4/NF-κB signaling, reduces cerebral oxidative stress and improves white matter integrity in neonatal hypoxic brain injury. ⁶¹	Yang F...Liu Y	33602880	2021
25	Optical coherence tomography microscopy in experimental traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Osiac E...Catalin B	33009699	2021
26	Outcome after surgical stabilization of rib fractures versus nonoperative treatment in patients with multiple rib fractures and moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (CWIS-TBI). ⁶¹	Prins JTH...Wijffels MME	33093293	2021
27	The Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Niziolek GM...Goodman MD	33131764	2021
28	Biomolecular alterations in acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging spectroscopy. ⁶¹	Rakib F...Ali MHM	33277210	2021
29	Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Activates Neuroprotective Growth Factors in Hypoxic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. ⁶¹	Jung S...Trollmann R	33545716	2021
30	Geographical Variation in Traumatic Brain Injury Mortality by Proximity to the Nearest Neurosurgeon. ⁶¹	Ratliff H...Jupiter D	33070997	2021
31	The Effect of Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury on Verbal Fluency Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ⁶¹	Cermak CA...Beal DS	33398784	2021
32	This time it's personal: reappraisal after acquired brain injury. ⁶¹	Rowlands L...Turnbull O	33153409	2021
33	Exploring participation after paediatric acquired brain injury. ⁶¹	Keetley R...Manning JC	32067469	2021
34	Deletion of ferritin H in neurons counteracts the protective effect of melatonin against traumatic brain injury-induced ferroptosis. ⁶¹	Rui T...Luo C	33206394	2021
35	Neuroprotective Effect of Fractalkine on Radiation-induced Brain Injury Through Promoting the M2 Polarization of Microglia. ⁶¹	Wang J...Dong X	33089423	2021
36	What is known about the cost-effectiveness of neuropsychological interventions for individuals with acquired brain injury? A scoping review. ⁶¹	Stolwyk RJ...Cadilhac DA	31769336	2021
37	Performance on the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status in college students with mild traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Arch A...Ferraro FR	31230481	2021
38	Gut microbiota-brain interaction: An emerging immunotherapy for traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Zhang Y...Jiang Y	33370556	2021
39	Worse Than Death: Survey of Public Perceptions of Disability Outcomes After Hypothetical Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Wilson JE...Patel MB	31972638	2021
40	Temporal changes in inflammatory mitochondria-enriched microRNAs following traumatic brain injury and effects of miR-146a nanoparticle delivery. ⁶¹	Wang WX...Springer JE	32985480	2021
41	Effects of Acute Subdural Hematoma-Induced Brain Injury On Energy Metabolism in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. ⁶¹	Zink F...Hartmann C	32826816	2021
42	Proton extrusion during oxidative burst in microglia exacerbates pathological acidosis following traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Ritzel RM...Wu J	33090575	2021
43	Care of the Patient with Acquired Brain Injury in Latin America and the Caribbean. ⁶¹	Ortega-Perez S...Lesmes VS	33526195	2021
44	Caring for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Australian Nursing Perspectives. ⁶¹	Evans V	33526196	2021
45	Reply to comment on 'An elderly patient with Alzheimer's disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus and traumatic brain injury: presented with behavioral symptoms similar to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia? ⁶¹	Ates Bulut E...Isik AT	32122209	2021
46	Biopsychosocial Factors Associated With Attention Problems in Children After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. ⁶¹	Bolikal PD...Kurowski BG	33229886	2021
47	Traumatic Brain Injury: Does Admission Service Matter? ⁶¹	Castillo-Angeles M...Nehra D	33310498	2021
48	Neuro-regenerative imidazole-functionalized GelMA hydrogel loaded with hAMSC and SDF-1α promote stem cell differentiation and repair focal brain injury. ⁶¹	Zheng Y...Liu B	33005827	2021
49	Epigenetic Blockade of Hippocampal SOD2 Via DNMT3b-Mediated DNA Methylation: Implications in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Persistent Oxidative Damage. ⁶¹	Balasubramanian N...Sakharkar AJ	33099744	2021
50	Papaverine provides neuroprotection by suppressing neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the traumatic brain injury via RAGE- NF-<kappa>B pathway. ⁶¹	Saglam E...Bilginer B	33476858	2021

Sources

Genes for Brain Injury

Genes related to Brain Injury (0 elite genes):

(show all 21)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	TMEM158	Transmembrane Protein 158	Protein Coding	24.71	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Functions (show sections)
2	ASIC1	Acid Sensing Ion Channel Subunit 1	Protein Coding	15.57	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Functions (show sections)
3	APOE	Apolipoprotein E	Protein Coding	9.02	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Protein Coding	8.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	ENO2	Enolase 2	Protein Coding	8.58	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	GFAP	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein	Protein Coding	8.45	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	8.16	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	EPO	Erythropoietin	Protein Coding	8	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	7.96	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	7.91	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	7.87	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	CASP3	Caspase 3	Protein Coding	7.81	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	MBP	Myelin Basic Protein	Protein Coding	7.81	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	UCHL1	Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1	Protein Coding	7.81	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	7.75	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	MAPT	Microtubule Associated Protein Tau	Protein Coding	7.75	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	7.72	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	AQP4	Aquaporin 4	Protein Coding	7.69	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	SPTAN1	Spectrin Alpha, Non-Erythrocytic 1	Protein Coding	7.69	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	7.61	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	ANKK1	Ankyrin Repeat And Kinase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	7.61	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Brain Injury

Sources

Expression for Brain Injury

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Brain Injury.

Sources

Pathways for Brain Injury

Pathways related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 17)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	MAPK signaling pathway ³⁶ ¹	12.62	MAPT IL1B IGF1 CASP3 BDNF
2	Prion disease ³⁶ Show member pathways Parkinson disease ³⁶	12.6	UCHL1 MAPT IL6 IL1B DRD2 CASP3
3	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.18	IL6 IL1B APOE ALB
4	Neuroscience ⁴	12.09	UCHL1 S100B MBP MAPT GFAP ENO2
5	Alzheimers Disease ¹	11.91	MAPT IL1B CASP3 APOE
6	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	11.86	IL6 IL1B CASP3 BDNF AQP4
7	HIF-1 signaling pathway ³⁶	11.71	IL6 IGF1 EPO ENO2
8	Pertussis ³⁶	11.62	IL6 IL1B CASP3
9	LPA receptor mediated events ¹	11.53	MAPT IL6 CASP3
10	Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.52	S100B IGF1 GFAP BDNF
11	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.5	IL6 IL1B IGF1
12	Legionellosis ³⁶	11.44	IL6 IL1B CASP3
13	Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ¹	11.38	UCHL1 IL6 CASP3
14	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation ¹	11.33	IL6 IL1B EPO
15	Differentiation Pathway ¹	11.31	IL6 IGF1 EPO
16	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.25	MBP IL6 IL1B GFAP CASP3 BDNF
17	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²³	11.11	IL6 IL1B IGF1 APOE

Sources

GO Terms for Brain Injury

Cellular components related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.97	S100B IL6 IL1B IGF1 EPO ENO2
2	dendrite	GO:0030425	9.8	MAPT DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
3	axon	GO:0030424	9.77	UCHL1 MAPT DRD2 COMT BDNF
4	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.7	SPTAN1 S100B MAPT IL6 IL1B IGF1
5	cell body	GO:0044297	9.46	MAPT GFAP EPO COMT
6	astrocyte end-foot	GO:0097450	9.26	GFAP AQP4
7	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	9.1	UCHL1 MBP MAPT ENO2 CASP3 APOE

Biological processes related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cellular protein metabolic process	GO:0044267	9.76	IL6 IGF1 APOE ALB
2	memory	GO:0007613	9.69	MAPT BDNF ASIC1
3	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.61	IL6 IGF1 EPO
4	learning or memory	GO:0007611	9.58	S100B MAPT CASP3
5	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.56	IL1B EPO COMT CASP3
6	synapse assembly	GO:0007416	9.54	MAPT DRD2 BDNF
7	negative regulation of synaptic transmission	GO:0050805	9.49	IL1B DRD2
8	axonal transport of mitochondrion	GO:0019896	9.48	UCHL1 MAPT
9	negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	GO:0043407	9.33	UCHL1 IL1B APOE
10	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.32	IL6 IL1B
11	regulation of neurotransmitter uptake	GO:0051580	8.96	GFAP DRD2
12	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	8.8	IL6 IL1B GFAP

Molecular functions related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	lipoprotein particle binding	GO:0071813	8.62	MAPT APOE

Sources

Sources for Brain Injury

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia