Brain Injury disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: BRN071 MIFTS: 49	Brain Injury Categories: Neuronal diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Brain Injury

MalaCards integrated aliases for Brain Injury:

Name: Brain Injury ⁵³ ³⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

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Summaries for Brain Injury

NINDS : ⁵³ Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. Other symptoms of mild TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, and trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking. A person with a moderate or severe TBI may show these same symptoms, but may also have a headache that gets worse or does not go away, repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions or seizures, an inability to awaken from sleep, dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in the extremities, loss of coordination, and increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation.

MalaCards based summary : Brain Injury is related to neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury and head injury. An important gene associated with Brain Injury is TMEM158 (Transmembrane Protein 158), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Parkinson disease and Neuroscience. The drugs Diclofenac and Cisatracurium have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and heart, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism

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Related Diseases for Brain Injury

Diseases related to Brain Injury via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 981)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury	34.3	MBP ENO2 BDNF
2	head injury	33.4	S100B ENO2 APOE
3	persistent vegetative state	32.9	ENO2 APOE
4	periventricular leukomalacia	32.6	MBP IL6 EPO
5	post-cardiac arrest syndrome	32.4	S100B IL6 ENO2
6	cerebral hypoxia	32.4	IGF1 CASP3
7	normal pressure hydrocephalus	32.0	IGF1 GFAP BDNF APOE
8	traumatic brain injury	31.8	UCHL1 S100B MBP IL6 IGF1 GFAP
9	amnestic disorder	31.6	S100B DRD2 BDNF APOE
10	speech and communication disorders	31.6	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
11	dementia	31.3	UCHL1 GFAP DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
12	cardiac arrest	31.2	S100B EPO ENO2 ENO1 APOE
13	obsessive-compulsive disorder	31.1	IL6 IGF1 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
14	post-traumatic stress disorder	31.1	DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
15	spinal cord injury	31.1	IL6 GFAP CASP3 BDNF
16	carotid artery occlusion	31.0	MBP GFAP CASP3
17	cerebral palsy	30.8	S100B IL6 IGF1 BDNF APOE
18	mental depression	30.6	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF
19	generalized anxiety disorder	30.5	DRD2 COMT BDNF
20	status epilepticus	30.5	GFAP ENO2 DRD2 CASP3 BDNF
21	personality disorder	30.5	DRD2 COMT BDNF
22	anxiety	30.4	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
23	akinetic mutism	30.4	S100B MBP ENO2
24	alzheimer disease	30.4	UCHL1 S100B IL6 GFAP DRD2 COMT
25	sleep disorder	30.4	IL6 IGF1 DRD2 BDNF APOE
26	mood disorder	30.4	IL6 GFAP DRD2 COMT BDNF
27	alexithymia	30.4	IL6 DRD2 COMT
28	asphyxia neonatorum	30.3	S100B IL6 EPO ENO2 CASP3
29	psychotic disorder	30.3	S100B DRD2 COMT BDNF
30	sleep apnea	30.3	IL6 IGF1 EPO BDNF APOE
31	leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse, with spheroids	30.2	S100B MBP GFAP
32	major depressive disorder	30.2	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
33	stroke, ischemic	30.2	MBP IL6 ENO2 CASP3 BDNF APOE
34	chiari malformation	30.1	MBP GFAP
35	fetal alcohol syndrome	30.1	GFAP CASP3 BDNF
36	central nervous system disease	30.0	MBP IL6 GFAP BDNF APOE
37	ganglioglioma	30.0	S100B GFAP ENO2
38	migraine with or without aura 1	30.0	S100B IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
39	optic nerve disease	30.0	MBP IL6 GFAP BDNF
40	disease of mental health	30.0	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF APOE
41	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	29.9	S100B IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF
42	prion disease	29.9	GFAP ENO2 APOE
43	benign ependymoma	29.9	S100B GFAP ENO2
44	substance dependence	29.9	IL6 DRD2 COMT BDNF
45	endogenous depression	29.8	IL6 COMT BDNF
46	vascular disease	29.8	IL6 IGF1 EPO CASP3 APOE
47	hepatic encephalopathy	29.8	S100B IL6 DRD2
48	scrapie	29.8	GFAP ENO2 APOE
49	borderline personality disorder	29.8	DRD2 COMT BDNF
50	apnea, obstructive sleep	29.8	IL6 IGF1 APOE

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Brain Injury:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Brain Injury

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Brain Injury:

⁴⁵ (show all 14)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.38	APOE ASIC1 BDNF CASP3 CCR2 COMT
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.31	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 COMT CXCL10
3	cellular	MP:0005384	10.29	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 CXCL10 DRD2
4	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.29	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 DRD2 ENO1
5	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.26	APOE CASP3 CCR2 COMT CXCL10 DRD2
6	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.23	APOE CASP3 CCR2 COMT CXCL10 DRD2
7	immune system	MP:0005387	10.18	APOE CASP3 CCR2 COMT CXCL10 DRD2
8	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.17	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 CXCL10 DRD2
9	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.13	APOE ASIC1 BDNF CASP3 CCR2 COMT
10	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.1	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 DRD2 GFAP
11	integument	MP:0010771	10.02	APOE BDNF CASP3 DRD2 EPO IGF1
12	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.76	APOE CASP3 CCR2 COMT DRD2 IGF1
13	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.7	APOE BDNF CASP3 CCR2 COMT DRD2
14	taste/olfaction	MP:0005394	9.02	APOE BDNF CASP3 DRD2 ENO2

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Brain Injury

Drugs for Brain Injury (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 554)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5

3033

Cisatracurium

Approved

Phase 4

96946-41-7

Aspirin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-78-2

2244

Clonazepam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

1622-61-3

2802

Quinidine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

56-54-2

441074

Exenatide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

141758-74-9

15991534

Testosterone enanthate

Approved

Phase 4

315-37-7

9416

Testosterone

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

58-22-0, 481-30-1

10204 6013

Testosterone undecanoate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

5949-44-0

Methyltestosterone

Approved

Phase 4

58-18-4

6010

Ketamine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

6740-88-1

3821

Phenytoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

57-41-0

1775

Thiopental

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

76-75-5

3000715

Citalopram

Approved

Phase 4

59729-33-8

2771

Sertraline

Approved

Phase 4

79617-96-2

68617

Fosphenytoin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

93390-81-9

56339

Phenylephrine

Approved

Phase 4

59-42-7

6041

Oxymetazoline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1491-59-4

4636

Nitroglycerin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

55-63-0

4510

Simvastatin

Approved

Phase 4

79902-63-9

54454

Dextromethorphan

Approved

Phase 4

125-71-3

5360696 5362449

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

137-58-6

3676

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4

54-11-5

942 89594

Caffeine

Approved

Phase 4

58-08-2

2519

Haloperidol

Approved

Phase 4

52-86-8

3559

Diazepam

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

439-14-5

3016

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51-45-6

774

Mirtazapine

Approved

Phase 4

85650-52-8, 61337-67-5

4205

Pseudoephedrine

Approved

Phase 4

90-82-4

7028

Ephedrine

Approved

Phase 4

299-42-3

9294

Doxycycline

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

564-25-0

54671203

Prazosin

Approved

Phase 4

19216-56-9

4893

Sargramostim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

83869-56-1, 123774-72-1

Rivastigmine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

123441-03-2

77991

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

525-66-6

4946

Topiramate

Approved

Phase 4

97240-79-4

5284627

Levetiracetam

Approved

Phase 4

102767-28-2

441341

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99-66-1

3121

Lamotrigine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

84057-84-1

3878

Donepezil

Approved

Phase 4

120014-06-4

3152

Rotigotine

Approved

Phase 4

99755-59-6, 92206-54-7

57537

Amitriptyline

Approved

Phase 4

50-48-6

2160

Pregabalin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

148553-50-8

5486971

Rizatriptan

Approved

Phase 4

144034-80-0, 145202-66-0

5078

Pramipexole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

104632-26-0

119570 59868

Zolmitriptan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

139264-17-8

441240 60857

Amantadine

Approved

Phase 4

768-94-5

2130

Progesterone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

57-83-0

5994

Buspirone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

36505-84-7

2477

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

302-25-0

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2294)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Randomized Controlled Clinical Study of Intensive Versus Nonintensive Insulin Therapy for Hyperglycemia After Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02161055	Phase 4	Insulin
2	A Clinical Trial of the Effect of Midazolam on the Cerebral Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02071407	Phase 4	Midazolam;Placebo
3	A Randomised Control Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of Sensory Stimulation Program in Reducing the Length of Time Spent by Severely Brain Injured Patients in a Vegetative State in the Acute Hospital Environment	Unknown status	NCT00163878	Phase 4
4	Normothermia in Patients With Acute Cerebral Damage	Unknown status	NCT00491192	Phase 4	Diclofenac
5	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Antidepressant Maintenance for Major Depression Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT00162916	Phase 4	citalopram;Placebo
6	Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension of Severe Tramatic Brain Injured Patients. Physiopathologic Effects of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents. A Controlled Randomized Study Versus Placebo	Unknown status	NCT02404779	Phase 4	cisatracurium besilate
7	Pilot Study: The Effect of Rozerem on Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT01207050	Phase 4	Ramelteon
8	Effects of Intensive Insulin Therapy on Mortality, Morbidity and Long Term Neurologic Outcome in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Patients	Unknown status	NCT00505505	Phase 4	Insulin (Actrapid)
9	Citicholine-Amantadine Trial in Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT03430817	Phase 4	Citicholine;Amantadine
10	Dopamine Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Dystonia- A Double Blind Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT01361373	Phase 4	L- DOPA;placebo
11	The Benefit of Prophylactic Anticonvulsant in Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome With Induced Mild Hypothermia	Unknown status	NCT01083784	Phase 4	Use of prophylactic anticonvulsants (valproate, clonazepam);Control group
12	Administration of Tranexamic Acid in the Preclinical Setting and Its Effect on Coagulation Parameters and Outcome in Multiple Trauma Patients and Isolated TBI in EMS (Schutz Und Rettung Zürich) and Helicopter Rescue(REGA).	Unknown status	NCT02354885	Phase 4	Tranexamic Acid
13	Efficiency and Tolerance of a Small-peptide Enteral Feeding Formula Compared to a Whole-protein Formula in the Critically Ill Patient : a Prospective Randomized Trial	Unknown status	NCT01833624	Phase 4
14	Gastrodin Prevents Cognitive Decline Related to Cardiopulmonary Bypass	Unknown status	NCT00297245	Phase 4	cognitive function
15	Efficacy of Creative Therapy for Stroke Patients	Unknown status	NCT01455155	Phase 4
16	Does Discontinuation of Aspirin Treatment Following Head Trauma Decrease the Incidence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma?	Unknown status	NCT01470040	Phase 4	discontinuation of aspirin therapy;continuation of aspirin therapy
17	The Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00170378	Phase 4	Enoxaparin
18	Efficacy of Methylphenidate for Management of Long-Term Attention Problems After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)	Completed	NCT01933217	Phase 4	Methylphenidate;Placebo
19	Pharmacological Intervention in Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury (A Research Study Within the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System)	Completed	NCT00205491	Phase 4	Venlafaxine
20	A 26-Week Open-Label Extension to Protocol No. CENA713BUS11: A 12-Week, Prospective, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Rivastigmine 3 to 6 mg/Day in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) With Persistent Cognitive Deficits	Completed	NCT00219245	Phase 4	Rivastigmine
21	Intravenous Exenatide Infusion in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Brain Injury	Completed	NCT02058940	Phase 4	Exenatide
22	Improvement of Therapy in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Differential Impact of Local and Systemic Changes and Routinely Applied Drugs	Completed	NCT02130674	Phase 4	Dipeptiven
23	Anterior Pituitary Hormone Replacement in Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00957671	Phase 4	Recombinant human growth hormone
24	Treatment Outcomes With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate (Vyvanse) in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Attention Deficits	Completed	NCT02712996	Phase 4	Lisdexamfetamine;Placebo
25	Topiramate Treatment of Hazardous and Harmful Alcohol Use in Veterans With TBI	Completed	NCT01750268	Phase 4	Topiramate;Placebo
26	Effect of Erythropoietin on Preterm Brain Injury	Completed	NCT02036073	Phase 4	recombinant human erythropoietin
27	Beta-Adrenergic Blockade for Suppression of Catecholamine Surge Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Trial	Completed	NCT02957331	Phase 4	Propranolol
28	Using Propranolol in Traumatic Brain Injury to Reduce Sympathetic Storm Phenomenon: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial Injury to Reduce Sympathetic Storm Phenomenon: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03401515	Phase 4	Propranolol Hydrochloride 1 MG/ML
29	Equimolar Doses of Mannitol and Hypertonic Saline in the Treatment of Elevated Intracranial Pressure	Completed	NCT00447018	Phase 4	20% mannitol;7.45% hypertonic saline solution
30	Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Testosterone Therapy	Completed	NCT01201863	Phase 4	Androgel (Testosterone Gel);Androgel Placebo
31	Simvastatin: Proof-of-Concept for Prevention of Neurodegeneration in Mild TBI	Completed	NCT01952288	Phase 4	simvastatin;Placebo Oral Tablet
32	Assessment of Seizure Prophylaxis Protocols Using Intravenous Levetiracetam in a Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit	Completed	NCT00618436	Phase 4	Levetiracetam;Phenytoin
33	A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness of Nuedexta (Dextromethorphan 20 mg/Quinidine 10 mg) in the Treatment of Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA)	Completed	NCT01799941	Phase 4	Nuedexta (DM 20 mg/Q 10 mg)
34	Phase IV Study of Cognitive Rehabilitation Effectiveness for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT01339806	Phase 4
35	Amantadine Hydrochloride for Treatment of Symptoms of the Post-traumatic Confusional State Among Neurorehabilitation Admissions With TBI: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT00693121	Phase 4	Amantadine hydrochloride;Placebo capsule
36	The Control of Brain Networks After Traumatic Brain Injury: a Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Study of Dopamine and Cognition	Completed	NCT02015949	Phase 4	Methylphenidate;Placebo
37	Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Methylphenidate Effects on Early Recovery	Completed	NCT00035139	Phase 4	methylphenidate
38	The Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Major Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury	Completed	NCT00254007	Phase 4	citalopram (celexa)
39	Bispectral Index Value Changes During Induction and Surgical Decompression in Head Injury Patients	Completed	NCT03480880	Phase 4
40	Abobotulinumtoxina Efficacy in Post-Traumatic Headache	Completed	NCT03928496	Phase 4	AbobotulinumtoxinA;Normal saline
41	Micronized Oral Progesterone and Effect on Time Symptomatic From Concussion: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT01809639	Phase 4	Progesterone;Placebo
42	Comparative Efficacy of Three Preparations of Botox-A in Treating Spasticity	Completed	NCT00178646	Phase 4	Botox
43	Video and Temporal Spatial Parameters Assessment of Gait After Dysport Treatment. A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT03501043	Phase 4	Dysport
44	Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants Following Administration of High-Dose Caffeine - A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00809055	Phase 4	Caffeine citrate
45	Clinical Interest of Endovascular Cooling in the Management of Cardiac Arrest: Impact on Mortality in a Randomized Medico-economical Trial (the ICEREA Study)	Completed	NCT00392639	Phase 4
46	An Open-Label Trial of Memantine for Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	Completed	NCT02258828	Phase 4	Memantine;Placebo
47	The Effect of Amantadine on Movement Disorder in Ataxia-Telangiectasia	Completed	NCT00950196	Phase 4	amantadine sulphate
48	Progesterone Augmentation of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Study	Completed	NCT02685072	Phase 4	Progesterone (200 mgs BID);Placebo
49	Dexmedetomidine Addition to Benzodiazepines for Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in the ICU: a Randomised Controlled Study	Completed	NCT02496650	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine
50	Restrictive vs. Liberal Oxygen Therapy for Trauma Patients. PILOT: The TRAUMOX Trial	Completed	NCT03491644	Phase 4	Titrated Oxygen;Liberal Oxygen

Search NIH Clinical Center for Brain Injury

Cell-based therapeutics:

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Read about Brain Injury cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.

Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Brain Injury:

Hematopoietic stem cells for treatment of ischemic brain injury

Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Brain Injury:

Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (family)

Sources

Genetic Tests for Brain Injury

Sources

Anatomical Context for Brain Injury

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Brain Injury:

⁴⁰

Brain, Testes, Heart, Bone, Cortex, Spinal Cord, Eye

Sources

Publications for Brain Injury

Articles related to Brain Injury:

(show top 50) (show all 30000)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	RVG29-modified microRNA-loaded nanoparticles improve ischemic brain injury by nasal delivery. ⁶¹	Hao R...Li S	32400219	2020
2	Acute effects of human protein S administration after traumatic brain injury in mice. ⁶¹	Wang X...Huang JH	32394965	2020
3	Injury of the dentatorubrothalamic tract in patients with post-traumatic tremor following mild traumatic brain injury: a case-control study. ⁶¹	Jang SH...Lee HD	32394963	2020
4	Sestrin2 promotes angiogenesis to alleviate brain injury by activating Nrf2 through regulating the interaction between p62 and Keap1 following photothrombotic stroke in rats. ⁶¹	Li Y...Zhao Y	32526292	2020
5	Impaired cerebral blood flow regulation in chronic traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Ding K...Zhang R	32505751	2020
6	Corrigendum: Resveratrol reduces brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. ⁶¹		32209777	2020
7	Effects of seawater immersion on open traumatic brain injury in rabbit model. ⁶¹	Liu KL...Kang YM	32445716	2020
8	The pathologic outcomes and efficacy of epothilone treatment following traumatic brain injury is determined by age. ⁶¹	Zhu Z...Blizzard CA	32480164	2020
9	The single intravenous administration of methylene blue after traumatic brain injury diminishes neurological deficit, blood-brain barrier disruption and decrease in the expression of S100 protein in rats. ⁶¹	Genrikhs EE...Isaev NK	32339501	2020
10	Midazolam contributes to neuroprotection against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced brain injury in neonatal rats via regulation of EAAT2. ⁶¹	Tang Z...Liu H	32433937	2020
11	Progesterone treatment following traumatic brain injury in the 11-day-old rat attenuates cognitive deficits and neuronal hyperexcitability in adolescence. ⁶¹	Lengel D...Raghupathi R	32335121	2020
12	Long-term beneficial effects of hematopoietic growth factors on brain repair in the chronic phase of severe traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Qiu X...Zhao LR	32360282	2020
13	TMT-based proteomics analysis reveals the protective effects of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Zhou D...Wang Y	32298754	2020
14	Isoflurane versus sevoflurane for early brain injury and expression of sphingosine kinase 1 after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. ⁶¹	Altay O...Zhang JH	32522601	2020
15	Delirium prevalence and prevention in patients with acute brain injury: A prospective before-and-after intervention study. ⁶¹	Larsen LK...Egerod I	32089416	2020
16	Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Eastman CL...Ganesh T	31837825	2020
17	Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury-associated epilepsy in western China: An analysis of multicenter data. ⁶¹	Wang XP...Liu L	32438297	2020
18	Spermidine Exhibits Protective Effects Against Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Huang J...Cai Y	31916070	2020
19	Cathepsin B in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and related brain disorders. ⁶¹	Hook V...Hook G	32305689	2020
20	Neuroregenerative and protective functions of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. ⁶¹	Lin J...Levison SW	32320698	2020
21	γ' fibrinogen levels are associated with blood clot strength in traumatic brain injury patients. ⁶¹	Farrell DH...Rowell SE	31948701	2020
22	Disparity in discharging elderly traumatic brain injury patients to rehabilitation centers based on trauma center level. ⁶¹	Khosravi MH	32370875	2020
23	TGFβ1 alleviates axonal injury by regulating microglia/macrophages alternative activation in traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Zhao J...Song J	32389801	2020
24	D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio for the prediction of progressive hemorrhagic injury after traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Xu DX...Yu GF	32333859	2020
25	Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Perinatal Brain Injury Via a CD8+ T Cell Mechanism in a Model of Intrauterine Inflammation. ⁶¹	Zhao H...Burd I	31997258	2020
26	Identification of adverse events in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury patients to target evidence-based prevention for increased performance improvement and patient safety. ⁶¹	Charyk Stewart T...Fraser DD	32446657	2020
27	Establishing the Factor Structure of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measurement System for Caregivers of Persons Living With Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Raad JH...Carlozzi NE	32315649	2020
28	Associations between coping style, illness perceptions and self-reported symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury in prospectively studied pre-morbidly healthy individuals. ⁶¹	Anderson JFI...Fitzgerald P	30560733	2020
29	Relationship continuity and person-centred care: An exploratory mixed-methods investigation of spousal partners' responses to the challenging care needs of those with acquired brain injury. ⁶¹	Riley GA...Hagger BF	30642233	2020
30	Corrigendum to "Ghrelin attenuates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mice" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 79 (2020) 106180]. ⁶¹	Cheng Y...Zhao W	32278662	2020
31	Mitochondrial damage & lipid signaling in traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Lamade AM...Bayir H	32289317	2020
32	Fast-tracking regenerative medicine for traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Bonsack B...Borlongan CV	31960797	2020
33	Early cerebrovascular and long-term neurological modifications ensue following juvenile mild traumatic brain injury in male mice. ⁶¹	Ichkova A...Badaut J	32442681	2020
34	Ageing and genetic background influence anaesthetic effects in a D. melanogaster model of blunt trauma with brain injury†. ⁶¹	Schiffman HJ...Perouansky M	32466842	2020
35	The role of a lncRNA (TCONS_00044595) in regulating pineal CLOCK expression after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury. ⁶¹	Li H...Ding X	32448507	2020
36	Blood-based biomarkers for prediction of intracranial hemorrhage and outcome in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Anderson TN...Rowell SE	32251265	2020
37	Multimodal imaging of hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Schomann T...Mezzanotte L	32036485	2020
38	In Reply: Blood Pressure Variability and Optimal Cerebral Perfusion Pressure-New Therapeutic Targets in Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Svedung Wettervik TM...Enblad P	32294197	2020
39	Improvement of quality of life (QOL) between 1 and 3-4 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in ICU patients. ⁶¹	Prieto-Palomino MA...Rivera-Fernandez R	32405669	2020
40	Triglyceride is a Good Biomarker of Increased Injury Severity on a High Fat Diet Rat After Traumatic Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Kuo JR...Wee HY	32222876	2020
41	Participation in competitive employment after severe traumatic brain injury: New employment versus return to previous (pre-injury) employment. ⁶¹	Simpson GK...Strettles B	30404583	2020
42	The reliability of evaluating conversations between people with traumatic brain injury and their communication partners via videoconferencing. ⁶¹	Rietdijk R...Togher L	30520702	2020
43	Inhibiting the interaction between apoptosis-inducing factor and cyclophilin A prevents brain injury in neonatal mice after hypoxia-ischemia. ⁶¹	Rodriguez J...Zhu C	32277944	2020
44	The Effect of Age and Pain on Quantitative Sensory Testing Measurements After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings. ⁶¹	Bouferguene S...Arbour C	32208852	2020
45	Low-pressure fluid percussion minimally adds to the sham craniectomy-induced neurobehavioral changes: Implication for experimental traumatic brain injury model. ⁶¹	Aleem M...Manda K	32240659	2020
46	Moderate/severe traumatic brain injury as a trigger of chronic neurodegeneration in humans. ⁶¹	Bagnato S...Boccagni C	31960805	2020
47	Risk factors for corticosteroid insufficiency during the sub-acute phase of acute traumatic brain injury. ⁶¹	Chen X...Zhang JN	31960811	2020
48	Use and Removal of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Patients With Acute Brain Injury. ⁶¹	Melmed K...Kamel H	32549942	2020
49	Fatigue, Participation and Quality of Life in Adolescents and Young Adults with Acquired Brain Injury in an Outpatient Rehabilitation Cohort. ⁶¹	van Markus-Doornbosch F...Meesters JJL	31746261	2020
50	Hippotherapy in adults with acquired brain injury: A systematic review. ⁶¹	Marquez J...Chambers L	30015542	2020

Sources

Genes for Brain Injury

Genes related to Brain Injury (0 elite genes):

(show all 21)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	TMEM158	Transmembrane Protein 158	Protein Coding	23.48	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Functions (show sections)
2	ASIC1	Acid Sensing Ion Channel Subunit 1	Protein Coding	14.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Functions (show sections)
3	EPO	Erythropoietin	Protein Coding	7.95	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	APOE	Apolipoprotein E	Protein Coding	7.75	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Protein Coding	7.72	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	ENO2	Enolase 2	Protein Coding	7.54	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	SLC24A2	Solute Carrier Family 24 Member 2	Protein Coding	7.53	GeneCards inferred via : Summaries (show sections)
8	GFAP	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein	Protein Coding	7.4	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	7.09	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	ENO1	Enolase 1	Protein Coding	6.97	GeneCards inferred via : Proteins (show sections)
11	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	6.82	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	MBP	Myelin Basic Protein	Protein Coding	6.82	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	CASP3	Caspase 3	Protein Coding	6.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	6.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	UCHL1	Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1	Protein Coding	6.77	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	6.71	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	6.71	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	CCR2	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2	Protein Coding	6.7	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
19	CXCL10	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10	Protein Coding	6.7	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
20	MSI2	Musashi RNA Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	6.7	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
21	SP1	Sp1 Transcription Factor	Protein Coding	6.7	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Brain Injury

Sources

Expression for Brain Injury

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Brain Injury.

Sources

Pathways for Brain Injury

Pathways related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Parkinson disease ³⁶ Show member pathways Alzheimer disease ³⁶ Huntington disease ³⁶	12.92	UCHL1 IL6 DRD2 CASP3 BDNF APOE
2	Neuroscience ⁴	12.23	UCHL1 S100B MBP GFAP ENO2 COMT
3	HIF-1 signaling pathway ³⁶	11.69	IL6 IGF1 EPO ENO2 ENO1
4	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.43	IL6 IGF1 CCR2
5	Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ¹	11.32	UCHL1 IL6 CASP3
6	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁵	11.27	IL6 CXCL10 CCR2
7	Neural Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.25	S100B MSI2 IGF1 GFAP BDNF
8	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.25	MBP IL6 GFAP CXCL10 CCR2 CASP3
9	Differentiation Pathway ¹	11.23	IL6 IGF1 EPO
10	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	11.15	IL6 IGF1 APOE
11	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	10.8	IL6 IGF1 GFAP CXCL10 BDNF
12	ERK Pathway in Huntingtons Disease ¹	10.66	CASP3 BDNF

Sources

GO Terms for Brain Injury

Cellular components related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.81	S100B IL6 IGF1 EPO ENO2 ENO1
2	dendrite	GO:0030425	9.65	DRD2 COMT CCR2 BDNF APOE
3	cell body	GO:0044297	9.5	GFAP EPO COMT
4	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	9.17	UCHL1 S100B MBP ENO2 CCR2 CASP3
5	phosphopyruvate hydratase complex	GO:0000015	8.96	ENO2 ENO1

Biological processes related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	9.92	S100B IL6 IGF1 EPO CXCL10
2	negative regulation of apoptotic process	GO:0043066	9.91	IL6 IGF1 EPO CASP3 BDNF
3	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.71	EPO CXCL10 COMT CASP3
4	response to wounding	GO:0009611	9.67	GFAP CCR2 CASP3
5	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.65	IL6 IGF1 EPO
6	response to glucocorticoid	GO:0051384	9.63	S100B IL6 CASP3
7	learning or memory	GO:0007611	9.61	S100B CASP3 BDNF
8	negative regulation of amyloid-beta formation	GO:1902430	9.54	IGF1 APOE
9	long-term synaptic potentiation	GO:0060291	9.43	SLC24A2 S100B GFAP
10	regulation of neurotransmitter uptake	GO:0051580	9.37	GFAP DRD2
11	regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic	GO:0032889	9.32	ENO2 ENO1
12	axon target recognition	GO:0007412	9.16	UCHL1 BDNF
13	regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010574	8.96	IL6 CCR2
14	memory	GO:0007613	8.92	SLC24A2 S100B BDNF ASIC1

Molecular functions related to Brain Injury according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:0005515	10.11	UCHL1 S100B MSI2 MBP IL6 IGF1
2	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.35	S100B DRD2 CXCL10 BDNF APOE
3	phosphopyruvate hydratase activity	GO:0004634	8.62	ENO2 ENO1

Sources

Sources for Brain Injury

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia