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BL
MCID: BRK010
MIFTS: 67

Burkitt Lymphoma (BL)

Categories: Blood diseases, Cancer diseases, Genetic diseases, Immune diseases, Rare diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Burkitt Lymphoma

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Burkitt Lymphoma:

Name: Burkitt Lymphoma 57 11 19 58 73 28 12 53 5 43 14 36 38 71 75 31
Burkitt's Lymphoma 11 19 75 14
Bl 57 19 73
Diffuse Small Noncleaved Malignant Burkitt Lymphoma 33
Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma, Burkitt's Type 11
Small Noncleaved Cell Burkitt Lymphoma 33
Malignant Lymphoma, Burkitt's Type 11
Undifferentiated Burkitt Lymphoma 33
Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphoma 58
Lymphoma, Small Noncleaved-Cell 71
Burkitt's Tumor or Lymphoma 11
Burkitt Lymphoma/leukaemia 11
Malignant Burkitt Lymphoma 33
Burkitt Lymphoma, Somatic 57
"burkitt-Like" Lymphoma 33
Burkitts Lymphoma 16
Burkitt's Tumor 11
Burkitt Tumour 33
Burkitt Tumor 73

Characteristics:


Inheritance:

Isolated cases 57

Prevelance:

1-9/1000000 (Europe, United States) 1-5/10000 (Africa) 58

Age Of Onset:

All ages 58

OMIM®:

57 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)
Miscellaneous:
accounts for 30-50% of lymphomas in children
accounts for 1-2% of lymphomas in adults
three distinct clinical forms - endemic (equatorial africa), sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated (e.g., hiv infection)


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Blood diseases Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 31 32
ICD11: 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare haematological diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 11 DOID:8584
OMIM® 57 113970
ICD9CM 34 200.2
MeSH 43 D002051
NCIt 49 C2912
SNOMED-CT 68 118617000
ICD10 31 C83.7
MESH via Orphanet 44 D002051 D008228
ICD10 via Orphanet 32 C83.7 C91.8
UMLS via Orphanet 72 C0006413 C0079770
Orphanet 58 ORPHA543
MedGen 40 C0006413
ICD11 33 2100138081
UMLS 71 C0006413 C0079770
Sources

Summaries for Burkitt Lymphoma

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GARD: 19 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a very fast-growing type of cancer. It is a form of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Signs and symptoms may differ depending on the form of BL and the organs or body systems involved. When it spreads, weakness and fatigue often develop. Lymphoma cells may build up in the lymph nodes and other organs, causing swelling. Central nervous system involvement is possible with all forms of BL, particularly when there is advanced-stage disease. The exact cause of BL is not known. EBV infection appears to play a role in some cases. While acquired (not inherited) genetic changes involving the MYC gene and other genes are present within BL cancer cells, it is unclear what causes these genetic changes to occur.

MalaCards based summary: Burkitt Lymphoma, also known as burkitt's lymphoma, is related to lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. An important gene associated with Burkitt Lymphoma is MYC (MYC Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are NF-kappaB Signaling and Direct p53 effectors. The drugs Etoposide and Ifosfamide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include Blood, and related phenotypes are hyperuricemia and abnormality of bone marrow cell morphology

OMIM®: 57 Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive B-cell lymphoma that accounts for 30 to 50% of lymphomas in children but only 1 to 2% of lymphomas in adults (Harris and Horning, 2006). It results from chromosomal translocations that involve the MYC gene (190080) and either the lambda or the kappa light chain immunoglobulin genes (147220, 147200). Burkitt lymphoma is causally related to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not clear. (113970) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: 73 A form of undifferentiated malignant lymphoma commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass.

Orphanet: 58 Burkitt lymphoma is a rare form of malignant mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Disease Ontology: 11 A mature B-cell neoplasm of B-cells found in the germinal center.

Wikipedia: 75 Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal... more...
Sources

Related Diseases for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Diseases related to Burkitt Lymphoma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 719)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 lymphoma 32.8 TCL1A PVT1 PMS2 PAX5 MYC CXCR5
2 mantle cell lymphoma 32.8 TCL1A PAX5 MYC MIR155 BCL6 BCL2
3 high-grade b-cell lymphoma double-hit/triple-hit 32.7 MYC BCL6 BCL2
4 lymphoma, hodgkin, classic 32.4 PVT1 PAX5 MIR155 BCL6 BCL2
5 b-cell lymphoma 32.2 TP53COR1 TCL1A PVT1 PAX5 MYC CXCR5
6 lymphoma, non-hodgkin, familial 31.9 TCL1A PAX5 MYC MIR155 MIR145 MIR143
7 diffuse large b-cell lymphoma 31.8 PAX5 MYC MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127
8 b-cell non-hodgkin lymphoma 31.7 BCL7A BCL6
9 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 31.7 NEAT1 MYC CXCR5 BCL6 BCL2
10 leukemia, acute lymphoblastic 31.6 TCL1A PAX5 MYC MIRLET7C MIR155 CXCR5
11 lymphoproliferative syndrome 31.6 TCL1A BCL6 BCL2
12 follicular lymphoma 31.5 TCL1A PAX5 MYC MIR155 CXCR5 BCL6
13 immune deficiency disease 31.5 NEAT1 MIR155 CXCR5 BCL6 AICDA
14 reticulosarcoma 31.3 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
15 lymphoblastic lymphoma 31.3 PAX5 BCL6 BCL2
16 b-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma 31.3 PAX5 MYC CXCR5
17 mature b-cell neoplasm 31.3 PVT1 PAX5 MYC MIR155 BCL6 BCL2
18 childhood lymphoma 31.3 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
19 lymphoma aids related 31.3 TCL1A MYC BCL6
20 plasmacytoma 31.2 PVT1 PAX5 MYC BCL2 AICDA
21 myeloma, multiple 31.2 TCL1A PVT1 PAX5 MYC MIR155 MIR145
22 plasmablastic lymphoma 31.2 PAX5 MYC BCL6
23 lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid type 31.1 PAX5 MYC MIR155 CXCR5 BCL6 BCL2
24 gastrointestinal lymphoma 31.1 BCL6 BCL2
25 marginal zone b-cell lymphoma 31.1 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
26 breast lymphoma 31.1 PAX5 BCL6 BCL2
27 composite lymphoma 31.1 PAX5 BCL6 BCL2
28 richter's syndrome 31.0 TCL1A PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
29 central nervous system lymphoma 31.0 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
30 primary central nervous system lymphoma 30.9 PAX5 CXCR5 BCL6
31 t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia 30.9 TCL1A MYC MIR155 MIR143 BCL2
32 lymphosarcoma 30.9 BCL6 BCL2
33 hematologic cancer 30.8 PVT1 PAX5 MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127
34 nasopharyngeal carcinoma 30.8 PVT1 NEAT1 MYC MIR34B MIR155 MIR145
35 suppressor of tumorigenicity 3 30.8 MYC BCL2
36 adult lymphoma 30.8 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
37 appendix lymphoma 30.8 PAX5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
38 lymphatic system disease 30.7 MYC MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127 BCL6
39 peripheral t-cell lymphoma 30.7 TCL1A PAX5 MIR155 BCL6 BCL2
40 angioimmunoblastic t-cell lymphoma 30.7 PAX5 MIR155 CXCR5 BCL6
41 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma 30.7 PAX5 BCL6 BCL2
42 ovarian lymphoma 30.6 BCL6 BCL2
43 testicular lymphoma 30.5 BCL6 BCL2
44 leukemia, acute myeloid 30.5 PAX5 MYC MIRLET7C MIR34B MIR155 MIR145
45 bone marrow cancer 30.5 MYC MIR155 MIR145 BCL2
46 leukemia, chronic lymphocytic 30.5 TP53COR1 TCL1A PAX5 NEAT1 MYC MIR34B
47 cervix carcinoma 30.5 MYC MIR127 BCL2
48 intestinal benign neoplasm 30.3 PMS2 MYC MIR143 BCL2
49 lymphangioma 30.3 PMS2 MYC MIR143 BCL2
50 rectal benign neoplasm 30.3 PMS2 MIR145 MIR143

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Burkitt Lymphoma:



Diseases related to Burkitt Lymphoma
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Human phenotypes related to Burkitt Lymphoma:

58 30 (show all 18)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 hyperuricemia 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0002149
2 abnormality of bone marrow cell morphology 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0005561
3 neoplasm of the oral cavity 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0100649
4 increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration 30 Frequent (33%) HP:0025435
5 nausea and vomiting 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0002017
6 abnormality of the ovary 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0000137
7 abnormality of the liver 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0001392
8 abdominal pain 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0002027
9 gastrointestinal hemorrhage 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0002239
10 abnormality of the spleen 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0001743
11 intestinal obstruction 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0005214
12 abnormality of the pancreas 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0001732
13 abnormality of the lymph nodes 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0002733
14 decreased proportion of cd4-positive helper t cells 30 Occasional (7.5%) HP:0005407
15 immunodeficiency 30 HP:0002721
16 increased lactate dehydrogenase activity 58 Frequent (79-30%)
17 decreased proportion of cd4-positive t cells 58 Occasional (29-5%)
18 burkitt lymphoma 30 HP:0030080

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

57 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)
Neoplasia:
burkitt lymphoma (b-cell lymphoma)
jaw and kidney tumor (endemic form)
ileal, cecal, ovarian, and breast tumors, occasionally (endemic form)
abdominal tumors (immunodeficiency-associated form)
monomorphic cells, medium-sized, with round nuclei, multiple nucleoli, and moderate amount of cytoplasm
more
Laboratory Abnormalities:
elevated lactate dehydrogenase
elevated uric acid
chromosomal translocations involving c-myc (, 8q24) and the immunoglobin lambda light chain (, 22q11.2) locus
chromosomal translocations involving c-myc (, 8q24) and the immunoglobin kappa light chain (, 2p12) locus
chromosomal translocations involving c-myc (, 8q24) and the immunoglobin heavy chain (, 14q32) locus

Clinical features from OMIM®:

113970 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Drugs for Burkitt Lymphoma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 215)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Etoposide Approved Phase 4 33419-42-0 36462
2
Ifosfamide Approved Phase 4 3778-73-2 3690
3
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 302-25-0
4
Prednisolone acetate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 52-21-1
5
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-24-8 4894 5755
6
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 4 2921-57-5 1875
7
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 83-43-2 4159 6741
8
Vindesine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 59917-39-4, 53643-48-4 40839
9
Lomustine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 13010-47-4 3950
10
Idarubicin Approved Phase 4 58957-92-9 42890
11
Folic acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 59-30-3 6037
12
Tenofovir Experimental, Investigational Phase 4 147127-20-6, 202138-50-9 464205 6398764
13
Palifosfamide Investigational Phase 4 31645-39-3 100427
14
Prednisolone hemisuccinate Experimental Phase 4 2920-86-7 4897
15 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Phase 4
16 Anti-Retroviral Agents Phase 4
17 Anti-HIV Agents Phase 4
18 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4
19 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
20 Antimetabolites Phase 4
21 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 4
22
Etoposide phosphate Phase 4 16760419
23 Dermatologic Agents Phase 4
24 Folic Acid Antagonists Phase 4
25 Folate Phase 4
26 Vitamin B9 Phase 4
27 Hormones Phase 4
28 Vitamin B Complex Phase 4
29 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
30 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
31 glucocorticoids Phase 4
32 Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological Phase 4
33 Antimitotic Agents Phase 4
34 Tubulin Modulators Phase 4
35 Antiviral Agents Phase 4
36 Antiemetics Phase 4
37 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4
38 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
39
Methylprednisolone Acetate Phase 4 584547
40 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4
41 BB 1101 Phase 4
42
protease inhibitors Phase 4
43
Mycophenolic acid Approved, Investigational Phase 3 24280-93-1 446541
44
Tacrolimus Approved, Investigational Phase 3 104987-11-3 6473866 445643
45
Aldesleukin Approved Phase 3 110942-02-4
46
Benzocaine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 1994-09-7, 94-09-7 2337
47
Tannic acid Approved Phase 3 1401-55-4 16129878 16129778
48
Vidarabine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 24356-66-9 21704
49 Cyclosporins Phase 3
50 Interleukin-2 Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 229)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A Multicenter Study to Compare the Efficacy of a Prophylactic Use of Tenofovir by Duration for the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients With Isolated Anti-HBc-positivity Who Will be Treated With Rituximab Based Chemotherapy Unknown status NCT02585947 Phase 4 Tenofovir
2 Multicenter Study to Optimise Therapy of B-ALL, Burkitt's NHL and High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Adults (Amend 7) Completed NCT00199082 Phase 4 Adriamycin;Cyclophosphamide;Cytarabine;Dexamethasone/Prednisolone;VP16;Ifosfamide;Methotrexate;G-CSF;Rituximab;Vincristine/Vindesine
3 B-cell Mature Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treatment Protocol in Children and Adolescents 2021 (B-NHL-M-2021) Recruiting NCT05518383 Phase 4 Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Methotrexate;Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Vincristine;Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Doxorubicin hydrochloride, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, vincristine;Cyclophosphamide , Cytarabine, Dexamethasone, Doxorubicin hydrochloride, Etoposide, Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Сarboplatine, CCNU/ BCNU, Melphalan, Idarubicin
4 LMBA02 Protocol for Patients With a Burkitt Lymphoma Unknown status NCT00180882 Phase 3 rituximab
5 INSPIRE: An Internet-based RCT for Long-term Survivors of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Completed NCT00799461 Phase 3
6 Total Body Irradiation, Etoposide, Cyclophosphamide and Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Followed by Randomization to Therapy With Interleukin-2 Versus Observation for Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed NCT00002649 Phase 3 cyclophosphamide;etoposide
7 A Multi-Center, Phase III, Randomized Trial of RIC and Transplantation of (dUCB) Versus HLA-Haplo Related Bone Marrow for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies.(BMT CTN #1101) Completed NCT01597778 Phase 3
8 Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Cells Derived Anti-CD19 CAR-Engineered T Cells With Concurrent BTK Inhibitor for B Cell Lymphoma：a Single-center, Open-label, Pragmatic Clinical Trial Recruiting NCT05020392 Phase 3 BTK inhibitor+ Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide + CAR-T-CD19 Cells;Fludarabine + Cyclophosphamide + CAR-T-CD19 Cells
9 Phase II Trial of CLAG-M in Relapsed ALL Unknown status NCT01513603 Phase 2 CLAG-M
10 A Randomized Phase II Study to Determine the Most Promising Postgrafting Immunosuppression for Prevention of Acute GVHD After Unrelated Donor G-CSF Mobilized Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (G-PBMC) Transplantation Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies A Multi-Center Trial Completed NCT00105001 Phase 2 Fludarabine Phosphate;Tacrolimus;Mycophenolate Mofetil;Sirolimus
11 Prolonged Mycophenolate Mofetil and Truncated Cyclosporine Postgrafting Immunosuppression to Reduce Life-Threatening GVHD After Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Cell Transplantation Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Renal Cell Carcinoma - A Multi-Center Trial Completed NCT00078858 Phase 1, Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;cyclosporine;mycophenolate mofetil
12 A Multi-Center Study of Nonmyeloablative Conditioning With TBI or Fludarabine/TBI for HLA-matched Related Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies With Post Grafting Immunosuppression With Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil Completed NCT00089011 Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;mycophenolate mofetil;tacrolimus
13 A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Oral Beclomethasone Dipropionate for Prevention of Acute GVHD After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Myeloablative Conditioning Regimens Completed NCT00489203 Phase 2 beclomethasone dipropionate;placebo;tacrolimus;methotrexate
14 A Pilot Trial of Vorinostat Plus Tacrolimus and Methotrexate to Prevent Graft Versus Host Disease Following Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Completed NCT01789255 Phase 2 vorinostat;tacrolimus;cyclosporine;methotrexate
15 Impact of Intervention With Deferasirox on the Immune Function of Patients With Hematologic Diseases and Transfusion-Related Iron Overload Completed NCT01273766 Phase 2 deferasirox
16 Prevention of DMSO-Related Nausea and Vomiting by Prophylactic Administration of Ondansetron for Patients Receiving Autologous Cryopreserved Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Completed NCT00795769 Phase 2 ondansetron
17 Nonmyeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies Using Related, HLA-Haploidentical Donors: A Phase II Trial of Combined Immunosuppression Before and After Transplantation Completed NCT00049504 Phase 2 cyclophosphamide;fludarabine phosphate;tacrolimus;mycophenolate mofetil
18 A Phase I/II Study: Zevalin Radioimmunotherapy for Patients With Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease Following Solid Organ Transplantation Completed NCT00064246 Phase 1, Phase 2
19 Addition of Pre- and Post-Transplant Rituximab for Patients Undergoing Non-myeloablative Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Relapsed or Refractory CD20+ B-Cell Malignancies Completed NCT00867529 Phase 2
20 Pilot Study of Prophylactic Dose-Escalation Donor Lymphocyte Infusion After T Cell Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in High Risk Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Completed NCT01839916 Phase 2
21 Campath® [Alemtuzumab] Dose Escalation, Low-Dose TBI and Fludarabine Followed by HLA Class I Mismatched Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies - A Multi-Center Trial Completed NCT00040846 Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;mycophenolate mofetil;cyclosporine
22 Campath (Alemtuzumab) Dose Escalation, Low-Dose TBI and Fludarabine Followed by HLA Class II Mismatched Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Multicenter Trial Completed NCT00118352 Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;cyclosporine;mycophenolate mofetil
23 Induction of Mixed Hematopoietic Chimerism in Patients Using Fludarabine, Low Dose TBI, PBSC Infusion and Post-Transplant Immunosuppression With Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil Completed NCT00006251 Phase 1, Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;cyclosporine;mycophenolate mofetil
24 Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Malignancies Completed NCT01093586 Phase 2 busulfan;cyclophosphamide;anti-thymocyte globulin;methylprednisolone;cyclosporine;mycophenolate mofetil
25 A Phase II Trial of Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation With Fludarabine, Melphalan and Low Dose Total Body Irradiation Completed NCT01529827 Phase 2 fludarabine phosphate;melphalan;tacrolimus;mycophenolate mofetil;methotrexate
26 High-dose Busulfan, High-dose Cyclophosphamide, and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma Completed NCT01177371 Phase 2 busulfan;cyclophosphamide;methylprednisolone;methotrexate;cyclosporine
27 A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide for Prevention of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Completed NCT01427881 Phase 2 cyclophosphamide;cyclosporine;fludarabine phosphate;busulfan
28 Phase II Study Of Rituximab And Short Duration, High Intensity Chemotherapy With G-CSF Support In Previously Untreated Patients With Burkitt Lymphoma/Leukemia Completed NCT00039130 Phase 2 cyclophosphamide;cytarabine;dexamethasone;doxorubicin hydrochloride;etoposide;ifosfamide;leucovorin calcium;methotrexate;prednisone;vincristine sulfate;Allopurinol
29 Phase II Study on Safety and Activity of a Short Term Intensified Chemo-immunotherapy Combination in HIV-positive Patients Affected by Burkitt Lymphoma Completed NCT01516593 Phase 2 Induction Phase;Consolidation Phase (on day +50);Intensification phase;BEAM conditioning
30 A Pilot Study of Mitoxantrone in Combination With Clofarabine (MITCL) in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (CAYA) With Refractory/Relapsed Acute Leukemia or High Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Completed NCT01842672 Phase 1, Phase 2 Clofarabine;Mitoxantrone
31 A Multi-Center, Phase II Trial of Nonmyeloablative Conditioning (NST) and Transplantation of Partially HLA-Mismatched Bone Marrow From Related Donors for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies (BMT CTN #0603) Completed NCT00849147 Phase 2
32 A Multi-Center, Phase II Trial of Non-Myeloablative Conditioning (NST) and Transplantation of Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) From Unrelated Donors in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies (BMT CTN #0604) Completed NCT00864227 Phase 2
33 Phase II Study of PXD101 (NSC-726630) in Relapsed and Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas Completed NCT00303953 Phase 2 belinostat
34 A Phase II Study of CCI-779 in B-cell Lymphoma and CLL Completed NCT00290472 Phase 2 temsirolimus
35 A Phase I/II Study of the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitor LBH589 (Panobinostat) in Combination With mTOR Inhibitor RAD001 (Everolimus) in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma or Lymphoma Completed NCT00918333 Phase 1, Phase 2 panobinostat;everolimus
36 A Phase II Trial Evaluating The Efficacy of Radioiodinated Tositumomab (Anti-CD20) Antibody, Etoposide and Cyclophosphamide Followed by Autologous Transplantation, for Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed NCT00073918 Phase 2 cyclophosphamide;etoposide
37 A Phase II Study of G3139 (Bcl-2 Antisense) And Rituximab in Patients With Recurrent B-cell Non-Hodgkinâs Lymphomas Completed NCT00054639 Phase 2
38 A Phase II Study of Bendamustine (B), Etoposide (E), Dexamethasone (D), and GCSF for Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization (BED) Completed NCT01110135 Phase 2 bendamustine hydrochloride;dexamethasone;etoposide
39 A Phase II Study of Epothilone B Analog BMS-247550 (NSC 710428) in Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas Completed NCT00058019 Phase 2 ixabepilone
40 Bevacizumab (rhuMab VEGF) (NSC-704865) Therapy for Patients With Relapsed Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed NCT00016094 Phase 2
41 A Phase II Study of Oxaliplatin in Relapsed and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Completed NCT00006473 Phase 2 oxaliplatin
42 A Phase I/II Study of Vorinostat Plus Rituximab, Ifosphamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies or Untreated T- or Mantle Cell Lymphoma Completed NCT00601718 Phase 1, Phase 2 vorinostat;ifosfamide;carboplatin;etoposide
43 A Long-term Safety Study of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) Inhibitor PCI-32765 in B Cell Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Completed NCT01109069 Phase 2 PCI-32765
44 A Phase I/II Clinical Trial of the mTor Inhibitor RAD001 (Everolimus) in Combination With Lenalidomide (Revlimid) for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancy Completed NCT01075321 Phase 1, Phase 2 everolimus;lenalidomide
45 A Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Dexamethasone and Rituximab for Previously Treated Lymphoid Malignancies Completed NCT00072514 Phase 2 gemcitabine hydrochloride;carboplatin;dexamethasone
46 A Pilot Study To Determine The Toxicity Of The Addition Of Rituximab To The Induction And Consolidation Phases And The Addition Of Rasburicase To The Reduction Phase In Children With Newly Diagnosed Advanced B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Treated With LMB/FAB Therapy Completed NCT00057811 Phase 2 doxorubicin hydrochloride;cyclophosphamide;methotrexate;rasburicase;leucovorin calcium;prednisone;methylprednisolone;cytarabine;etoposide;vincristine sulfate;hydrocortisone sodium succinate
47 A Phase II Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Non-myeloablative 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Anti-CD20) Antibody With Fludarabine, Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and HLA Matched Allogeneic Transplantation for Relapsed B-cell Lymphoma Completed NCT00119392 Phase 2 cyclosporine;fludarabine phosphate;mycophenolate mofetil
48 Pilot Protocol for the Treatment of Patients With Small Non-Cleaved and Diffuse Large Cell Lymphomas Completed NCT00001237 Phase 2 granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
49 A Phase II Study of the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitor LBH589 (Panobinostat) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Completed NCT01261247 Phase 2 panobinostat
50 Phase II Study of the Hyper - CVAD Regimen in Combination With Ofatumumab as Frontline Therapy for Patients With CD-20 Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Completed NCT01363128 Phase 2 Cyclophosphamide;Cytarabine;Dexamethasone;Doxorubicin Hydrochloride;Methotrexate;Vincristine Sulfate

Search NIH Clinical Center for Burkitt Lymphoma

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :


Cyclophosphamide

Cell-based therapeutics:


LifeMap Discovery
Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
Read about Burkitt Lymphoma cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.
Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Burkitt Lymphoma:
Blood stem cell transplantation for hematological diseases
Hematopoietic stem cells for treatment of hematologic malignancies
Peripheral blood stem cells for treatment of hematologic malignancies
Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Burkitt Lymphoma:
Peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells (family)
Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells

Cochrane evidence based reviews: burkitt lymphoma

Sources

Genetic Tests for Burkitt Lymphoma

About this section

Genetic tests related to Burkitt Lymphoma:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Burkitt Lymphoma 28 MYC
Sources

Anatomical Context for Burkitt Lymphoma

About this section

Organs/tissues related to Burkitt Lymphoma:

MalaCards : Bone Marrow, B Cells, T Cells, Bone, Liver, Breast, Myeloid
LifeMap Discovery
Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Cells/anatomical compartments in embryo or adult related to Burkitt Lymphoma:
# Tissue Anatomical CompartmentCell Relevance
1 Blood Hematopoietic Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells Potential therapeutic candidate
2 Blood Peripheral Blood Mature B-Cells Affected by disease
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Publications for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Articles related to Burkitt Lymphoma:

(show top 50) (show all 37758)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Point mutations in the c-Myc transactivation domain are common in Burkitt's lymphoma and mouse plasmacytomas. 62 57 5
8220424 1993
2
The B-cell receptor controls fitness of MYC-driven lymphoma cells via GSK3β inhibition. 62 57
28562582 2017
3
Recurrent mutation of the ID3 gene in Burkitt lymphoma identified by integrated genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing. 62 57
23143595 2012
4
The genetic landscape of mutations in Burkitt lymphoma. 62 57
23143597 2012
5
Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis and therapeutic targets from structural and functional genomics. 62 57
22885699 2012
6
MYC translocation-negative classical Burkitt lymphoma cases: an alternative pathogenetic mechanism involving miRNA deregulation. 53 62 46
18802929 2008
7
A biologic definition of Burkitt's lymphoma from transcriptional and genomic profiling. 62 57
16760442 2006
8
Molecular diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. 62 57
16760443 2006
9
Burkitt's lymphoma--the message from microarrays. 62 57
16760450 2006
10
Epstein-Barr virus-associated Burkitt lymphomagenesis selects for downregulation of the nuclear antigen EBNA2. 62 57
12219084 2002
11
Epstein-Barr virus-encoded poly(A)(-) RNA supports Burkitt's lymphoma growth through interleukin-10 induction. 62 57
11118209 2000
12
Oncogenic role of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs in Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Akata. 62 57
10559294 1999
13
Epstein-Barr virus contributes to the malignant phenotype and to apoptosis resistance in Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Akata. 62 57
9765461 1998
14
Different regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus are involved in chromosomal translocations in distinct pathogenetic forms of Burkitt lymphoma. 62 57
2833750 1988
15
The t(8;14) chromosome translocation of the Burkitt lymphoma cell line Daudi occurred during immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and involved the heavy chain diversity region. 62 57
3116544 1987
16
Familial Burkitt's lymphoma. Association with altered lymphocyte subsets in family members. 62 57
3487979 1986
17
Chromosomal breakpoints and structural alterations of the c-myc locus differ in endemic and sporadic forms of Burkitt lymphoma. 62 57
3458257 1986
18
In situ hybridization and translocation breakpoint mapping. I. Nonidentical 22q11 breakpoints for the t(9;22) of CML and the t(8;22) of Burkitt lymphoma. 62 57
6467987 1984
19
The discovery of Burkitt's lymphoma. 62 57
6299496 1983
20
Chromosome site for Epstein-Barr virus DNA in a Burkitt tumor cell line and in lymphocytes growth-transformed in vitro. 62 57
6300885 1983
21
Correlation between immunoglobulin light chain expression and variant translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma. 62 57
6806672 1982
22
Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas. 62 57
946170 1976
23
B-cell differentiation in EBV-positive Burkitt lymphoma is impaired at posttranscriptional level by miRNA-altered expression. 62 46
19530237 2010
24
Downregulation of microRNAs-143 and -145 in B-cell malignancies. 62 46
17892514 2007
25
Regulation of pri-microRNA BIC transcription and processing in Burkitt lymphoma. 62 46
17173072 2007
26
Lack of BIC and microRNA miR-155 expression in primary cases of Burkitt lymphoma. 62 46
16235244 2006
27
High expression of precursor microRNA-155/BIC RNA in children with Burkitt lymphoma. 62 46
14695998 2004
28
Molecular cloning of translocations involving chromosome 15 and the immunoglobulin C alpha gene from chromosome 12 in two murine plasmacytomas. 57
6960358 1982
29
Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes map to a region of translocations in malignant B lymphocytes. 57
6801764 1982
30
The role of gene dosage and genetic transpositions in carcinogenesis. 57
7312030 1981
31
A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children. 57
13628987 1958
32
Burkitt lymphoma versus diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a practical approach. 53 62
19844983 2010
33
Using an automated cell counter to simplify gene expression studies: siRNA knockdown of IL-4 dependent gene expression in Namalwa cells. 53 62
20393449 2010
34
c-Myc overexpression promotes a germinal center-like program in Burkitt's lymphoma. 53 62
19881537 2010
35
Yin Yang 1 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with B-cell transformation and tumor progression. 53 62
20081364 2010
36
Expression profiling of transcription factors in B- or T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma and burkitt lymphoma: usefulness of PAX5 immunostaining as pan-Pre-B-cell marker. 53 62
20023257 2010
37
To the genesis of Burkitt lymphoma: regulation of apoptosis by EBNA-1 and SAP may determine the fate of Ig-myc translocation carrying B lymphocytes. 53 62
19874894 2009
38
Immunohistochemical and other prognostic factors in B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma patients, Kampala, Uganda. 53 62
20003543 2009
39
Strong lymphoid nuclear expression of SOX11 transcription factor defines lymphoblastic neoplasms, mantle cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. 53 62
19880779 2009
40
[Immunohistochemical study using T-cell lymphoma antibody 1 and CD44 in diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma]. 53 62
20079013 2009
41
Insights into apoptosis mechanisms induced by DNA-damaging agents in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. 53 62
19557576 2009
42
PNAEmu can significantly reduce Burkitt's lymphoma tumor burden in a SCID mice model: cells dissemination similar to the human disease. 53 62
19363465 2009
43
Speckled-like pattern in the germinal center (SLIP-GC), a nuclear GTPase expressed in activation-induced deaminase-expressing lymphomas and germinal center B cells. 53 62
19734146 2009
44
Activation of p53 by MDM2 antagonists has differential apoptotic effects on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma cells. 53 62
19421231 2009
45
[Preclinical study of apoptosis of B-NHL cell lines induced by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody]. 53 62
19698222 2009
46
Activation of mTORC1 signaling pathway in AIDS-related lymphomas. 53 62
19608873 2009
47
Downregulation of RUNX1 by RUNX3 requires the RUNX3 VWRPY sequence and is essential for Epstein-Barr virus-driven B-cell proliferation. 53 62
19403666 2009
48
miRNA profiling of B-cell subsets: specific miRNA profile for germinal center B cells with variation between centroblasts and centrocytes. 53 62
19349957 2009
49
BimL upregulation induced by BCR cross-linking in BL41 Burkitt's lymphoma results from a splicing mechanism of the BimEL mRNA. 53 62
19332026 2009
50
TGF-beta induces apoptosis in human B cells by transcriptional regulation of BIK and BCL-XL. 53 62
19136942 2009
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Variations for Burkitt Lymphoma

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Burkitt Lymphoma:

5
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID Position
1 MYC NM_002467.6(MYC):c.214C>T (p.Pro72Ser) SNV Pathogenic
 12574 rs28933407 GRCh37: 8:128750677-128750677
GRCh38: 8:127738431-127738431
2 MYC NM_002467.6(MYC):c.302A>C (p.Asn101Thr) SNV Pathogenic
 12575 rs121918683 GRCh37: 8:128750765-128750765
GRCh38: 8:127738519-127738519
3 MYC NM_002467.6(MYC):c.162G>C (p.Glu54Asp) SNV Pathogenic
 12576 rs121918684 GRCh37: 8:128750625-128750625
GRCh38: 8:127738379-127738379
4 MYC NM_002467.6(MYC):c.220C>G (p.Pro74Ala) SNV Pathogenic
 12577 rs121918685 GRCh37: 8:128750683-128750683
GRCh38: 8:127738437-127738437
5 PMS2 NM_000535.7(PMS2):c.736_741delinsTGTGTGTGAAG (p.Pro246_Pro247delinsCysValTer) INDEL Pathogenic
 91366 rs267608150 GRCh37: 7:6037019-6037024
GRCh38: 7:5997388-5997393
6 BRCA1 NM_007294.4(BRCA1):c.2885A>G (p.Glu962Gly) SNV Uncertain Significance
 574001 rs780367532 GRCh37: 17:41244663-41244663
GRCh38: 17:43092646-43092646

Copy number variations for Burkitt Lymphoma from CNVD:

6 (show top 50) (show all 157)
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 13309 1 150547027 150552214 Copy number MCL1 Burkitt''s lymphoma
2 17456 1 142870000 177000000 Gain RNF115 Burkitt''s lymphoma
3 17457 1 142870000 177000000 Gain BCL9 Burkitt''s lymphoma
4 17458 1 142870000 177000000 Gain LHX4 Burkitt''s lymphoma
5 17459 1 142870000 177000000 Gain PIAS3 Burkitt''s lymphoma
6 20085 1 15300000 212100000 Insertion NOTCH2 Burkitt''s lymphoma
7 22188 1 166155454 171863618 Gain FASLG Burkitt''s lymphoma
8 25990 1 195253751 195672280 Gain PTPRC Burkitt''s lymphoma
9 26526 1 200970000 201360000 Gain LRRN2 Burkitt''s lymphoma
10 26527 1 200970000 201360000 Gain MDM4 Burkitt''s lymphoma
11 26528 1 200970000 201360000 Gain PIK3C2B Burkitt''s lymphoma
12 26529 1 200970000 201360000 Gain PLEKHA6 Burkitt''s lymphoma
13 26530 1 200970000 201360000 Gain PPP1R15B Burkitt''s lymphoma
14 48364 11 1 32410000 Loss FANCF Burkitt''s lymphoma
15 48365 11 1 32410000 Loss PLEKHA7 Burkitt''s lymphoma
16 50222 11 115828212 118580638 Gain Burkitt''s lymphoma
17 50968 11 120700000 134452384 Deletion Burkitt''s lymphoma
18 51055 11 122263650 134452384 Loss Burkitt''s lymphoma
19 51545 11 127825348 127931093 Gain ETS1 Burkitt''s lymphoma
20 64462 12 128465362 132449811 Gain Burkitt''s lymphoma
21 67044 12 35400000 132349534 Insertion Burkitt''s lymphoma
22 70408 12 61724591 82263925 Gain Burkitt''s lymphoma
23 75138 13 16000000 114142980 Deletion Burkitt''s lymphoma
24 75160 13 16000000 39500000 Insertion ABCC4 Burkitt''s lymphoma
25 77034 13 39500000 52200000 Deletion Burkitt''s lymphoma
26 79790 13 77800000 100500000 Insertion TBC1D4 Burkitt''s lymphoma
27 80310 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification ABCC4 Burkitt''s lymphoma
28 80311 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification CLDN10 Burkitt''s lymphoma
29 80312 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification DCT Burkitt''s lymphoma
30 80313 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification DNAJC3 Burkitt''s lymphoma
31 80314 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification DZIP1 Burkitt''s lymphoma
32 80315 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification GPC5 Burkitt''s lymphoma
33 80316 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification GPC6 Burkitt''s lymphoma
34 80317 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification GPR180 Burkitt''s lymphoma
35 80318 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification HS6ST3 Burkitt''s lymphoma
36 80319 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification SOX21 Burkitt''s lymphoma
37 80320 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification TGDS Burkitt''s lymphoma
38 80321 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification UGGT2 Burkitt''s lymphoma
39 80322 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification MIR17 Burkitt''s lymphoma
40 80323 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification MIR19A Burkitt''s lymphoma
41 80324 13 89580000 96810000 Amplification MIR19B1 Burkitt''s lymphoma
42 80352 13 90362259 90843579 Gain Burkitt''s lymphoma
43 80683 13 96008275 114142980 Loss Burkitt''s lymphoma
44 80791 13 97790000 97850000 Gain FARP1 Burkitt''s lymphoma
45 84296 14 26520000 43840000 Loss FANCM Burkitt''s lymphoma
46 96723 15 92150000 100210000 Gain IGF1R Burkitt''s lymphoma
47 96724 15 92150000 100210000 Gain MCTP2 Burkitt''s lymphoma
48 96725 15 92150000 100210000 Gain PCSK6 Burkitt''s lymphoma
49 106746 17 1 15900000 Deletion TP53 Burkitt''s lymphoma
50 106760 17 1 19680000 Loss TP53 Burkitt''s lymphoma
Sources

Expression for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Burkitt Lymphoma.
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Pathways for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Pathways related to Burkitt Lymphoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
NF-kappaB Signaling 3
12.25 PAX5 CXCR5 BCL6 AICDA
2
Direct p53 effectors 61
11.76 PMS2 BCL6 BCL2
3
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling 66
11.61 MYC BCL6 BCL2
4
DNA damage response (only ATM dependent) 74
11.55 MYC BCL6 BCL2
5
Notch Signaling Pathways 65
11.5 MYC BCL6 BCL2
6
C-MYB transcription factor network 61
11.34 PAX5 MYC BCL2
7
Cell differentiation - expanded index 74
Show member pathways
 11.23 MIR155 MIR145 MIR143
8
miRNAs involved in DNA damage response 74
11.08 MYC MIR34B MIR145 MIR143
9
Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 74
10.87 PAX5 NEAT1 CXCR5 BCL6 AICDA
10
TP53 network 74
Show member pathways
 10.76 MYC BCL2
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GO Terms for Burkitt Lymphoma

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Cellular components related to Burkitt Lymphoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 RISC complex GO:0016442 9.4 NEAT1 MIRLET7C MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127
2 paraspeckles GO:0042382 9.26 NEAT1 BCL6

Biological processes related to Burkitt Lymphoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 miRNA-mediated gene silencing GO:0035195 10.1 NEAT1 MIRLET7C MIR34B MIR155 MIR145 MIR143
2 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 9.63 PAX5 BCL6 BCL2 AICDA
3 negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing GO:0060965 9.54 PVT1 NEAT1
4 angiotensin-activated signaling pathway GO:0038166 9.4 MIR145 MIR143
5 aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis GO:0060414 9.32 MIR145 MIR143
6 regulation of phenotypic switching GO:1900239 8.96 MIR145 MIR143
7 establishment or maintenance of cell type involved in phenotypic switching GO:0044663 8.62 MIR145 MIR143

Molecular functions related to Burkitt Lymphoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mRNA 3'-UTR binding GO:0003730 9.35 MIR34B MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127
2 mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity GO:1903231 9.1 MIRLET7C MIR34B MIR155 MIR145 MIR143 MIR127
Sources

Sources for Burkitt Lymphoma

About this section
2 CDC
6 CNVD
8 Cosmic
9 dbSNP
10 DGIdb
16 EFO
17 ExPASy
18 FMA
19 GARD
27 GO
28 GTR
29 HMDB
30 HPO
31 ICD10
32 ICD10 via Orphanet
33 ICD11
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 LifeMap
38 LOVD
40 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
52 NINDS
53 Novoseek
55 ODiseA
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)
61 PubChem
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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