Carcinoid Syndrome disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CRC006 MIFTS: 61	Carcinoid Syndrome Categories: Cancer diseases, Endocrine diseases, Rare diseases, Respiratory diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Carcinoid Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Carcinoid Syndrome:

Name: Carcinoid Syndrome ⁵³

Carcinoid Tumor ⁵³ ²⁹ ⁷³

Carcinoid Tumor No Icd-O Subtype ⁷³

Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome ⁷³

Carcinoid Tumor Syndrome ⁵³

Carcinoid Tumors ⁴³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases Respiratory diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

Disorders of other endocrine glands

Other endocrine disorders

Carcinoid syndrome

External Ids:

ICD10 ³³ E34.0

UMLS ⁷³ C0024586 C0007095 C0334299

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Summaries for Carcinoid Syndrome

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ Carcinoid syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that are associated with carcinoid tumors (rare, slow-growing tumors that occur most frequently in the gastroinestinal tract or lungs). Affected people may experience skin flushing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, skin lesions on the face (telangiectasias), and wheezing. In later stages, carcinoid syndrome may damage the heart valves, resulting in symptoms of congestive heart failure. The condition occurs when the carcinoid tumor secretes serotonin or other chemicals into the bloodstream. Only 10% of people with carcinoid tumors develop carcinoid syndrome; most have advanced stage carcinoid tumors that have spread to the liver. Treatment generally involves addressing the underlying carcinoid tumor and medications to alleviate symptoms.

MalaCards based summary : Carcinoid Syndrome, also known as carcinoid tumor, is related to carcinoid tumors, intestinal and pulmonary blastoma. An important gene associated with Carcinoid Syndrome is CHGA (Chromogranin A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways. The drugs Afinitor and Levoleucovorin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, heart and liver, and related phenotypes are nausea and vomiting and myopathy

MedlinePlus : ⁴³ Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing cancers. They usually start in the lining of the digestive tract or in the lungs. They grow slowly and don't produce symptoms in the early stages. As a result, the average age of people diagnosed with digestive or lung carcinoids is about 60. In later stages the tumors sometimes produce hormones that can cause carcinoid syndrome. The syndrome causes flushing of the face and upper chest, diarrhea, and trouble breathing. Surgery is the main treatment for carcinoid tumors. If they haven't spread to other parts of the body, surgery can cure the cancer.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome comprising the signs and symptoms that occur secondary... more...

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Related Diseases for Carcinoid Syndrome

Diseases related to Carcinoid Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 415)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	carcinoid tumors, intestinal	32.3	CHGA ENO2 MEN1 SST SYP
2	pulmonary blastoma	32.1	CHGA SYP
3	serotonin syndrome	31.3	CHGA GHRH HTR3A IFNA2 MEN1 PYY
4	goblet cell carcinoid	30.8	CHGA ENO2
5	horseshoe kidney	30.5	CHGA ENO2 SYP
6	adenoma	30.3	IGF1 MEN1 SST
7	small cell carcinoma	30.1	CALCA CHGA ENO2 SYP
8	paraganglioma	30.0	CHGA ENO2 SST SYP
9	sclerosing hemangioma	29.9	CHGA SYP
10	glomus tumor	29.9	ENO2 SYP
11	thyroid cancer	29.8	CALCA CHGA SST VEGFA
12	multiple endocrine neoplasia	29.7	CALCA CHGA MEN1
13	somatostatinoma	29.6	CALCA CHGA ENO2 SST
14	thyroid carcinoma, familial medullary	29.6	CALCA CHGA ENO2 MEN1 SST
15	vipoma	29.6	CHGA NTS SST
16	gastrinoma	29.6	CHGA MEN1 SST
17	parathyroid adenoma	29.5	CALCA CHGA MEN1
18	insulinoma	29.5	CHGA MEN1 SST
19	small cell cancer of the lung	29.5	CALCA CHGA ENO2 SST SYP
20	primary hyperparathyroidism	29.5	CALCA CHGA MEN1
21	hyperparathyroidism	29.5	CALCA CHGA MEN1
22	hemangioma	29.5	CHGA ENO2 SYP VEGFA
23	acromegaly	29.5	GHRH IGF1 MEN1 SST
24	pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting	29.5	IGF1 MEN1 SST
25	ectopic cushing syndrome	29.4	MEN1 SST SYP
26	ependymoma	29.4	ENO2 MEN1 SYP
27	islet cell tumor	29.4	CALCA CHGA MEN1 SST
28	constipation	29.4	CALCA HTR3A NPY NTS PYY SST
29	zollinger-ellison syndrome	29.3	CHGA GHRH MEN1 NTS SST
30	neuroendocrine tumor	29.3	CALCA CHGA ENO2 MEN1 NTS SST
31	von hippel-lindau syndrome	29.1	CHGA MEN1 NPY VEGFA
32	multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i	29.1	CHGA GHRH MEN1 SST SYP
33	gastrointestinal stromal tumor	29.0	CHGA ENO2 MEN1 SYP VEGFA
34	ewing sarcoma	29.0	CHGA ENO2 IGF1 NPY SYP VEGFA
35	pheochromocytoma	28.9	CALCA CHGA ENO2 MEN1 NPY SST
36	appendix carcinoid tumor	12.4
37	neurofibromatosis-pheochromocytoma-duodenal carcinoid syndrome	12.2
38	carcinoid tumor childhood	12.1
39	diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia	11.5
40	pleuropulmonary blastoma	11.1
41	pulmonary valve stenosis	11.1
42	insulinomatosis and diabetes mellitus	10.3	CHGA SST
43	tsh producing pituitary tumor	10.3	GHRH SST
44	heart disease	10.3
45	neuroaxonal dystrophy	10.3	ENO2 IGF1
46	orbital plasma cell granuloma	10.3	IFNA2 SST
47	isolated growth hormone deficiency, type ib	10.3	GHRH IGF1
48	wdha syndrome	10.3	CALCA SST
49	anterior cranial fossa meningioma	10.3	CHGA SYP
50	pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma	10.3	CHGA SYP

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Carcinoid Syndrome

Human phenotypes related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

³² (show all 25)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	nausea and vomiting ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002017
2	myopathy ³²	very rare (1%)	HP:0003198
3	asthma ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002099
4	episodic abdominal pain ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0002574
5	tricuspid regurgitation ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0005180
6	night sweats ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0030166
7	paraganglioma ³²	very rare (1%)	HP:0002668
8	heart murmur ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0030148
9	rhinorrhea ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0031417
10	palpitations ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0001962
11	right ventricular failure ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0001708
12	chronic noninfectious lymphadenopathy ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002730
13	hepatic necrosis ³²	very rare (1%)	HP:0002605
14	erythematous plaque ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0025474
15	facial telangiectasia ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0007380
16	intestinal carcinoid ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0006723
17	lack of bowel sounds ³²	very rare (1%)	HP:0030145
18	increased serum serotonin ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0003144
19	protracted diarrhea ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0004385
20	bronchospasm ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0025428
21	small intestine carcinoid ³²	frequent (33%)	HP:0006722
22	abnormal b-type natriuretic peptide level ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0031138
23	atypical pulmonary carcinoid tumor ³²	very rare (1%)	HP:0030446
24	epiphora ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0009926
25	elevated hepatic transaminase ³²	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002910

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	9.9	CHGA ENO2 GHRH HTR3A IGF1 MEN1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.65	CHGA GHRH HTR3A IGF1 MEN1 NPY
3	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.4	CHGA ENO2 GHRH HTR3A IGF1 MEN1

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Carcinoid Syndrome

FDA approved drugs:

#	Drug Name	Active Ingredient(s) ¹⁸	Company	Approval Date
1	Afinitor ¹⁸ ⁴⁹	EVEROLIMUS	Novartis	March 2009
FDA Label: Afinitor Disease/s that Drug Treats:renal cell carcinoma/ renal angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex/ advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors/ hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer Indications and Usage: ¹⁸ AFINITOR is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of: postmenopausal women with advanced hormone receptor-positive, HER2- negative breast cancer (advanced HR+ BC) in combination with exemestane after failure of treatment with letrozole or anastrozole. (1.1) adults with progressive neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic origin (PNET) that are unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic. AFINITOR is not indicated for the treatment of patients with functional carcinoid tumors. (1.2) adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of treatment with sunitinib or sorafenib. (1.3) adults with renal angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), not requiring immediate surgery. The effectiveness of AFINITOR in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma is based on an analysis of durable objective responses in patients treated for a median of 8.3 months. Further follow-up of patients is required to determine long-term outcomes. (1.4) AFINITOR and AFINITOR DISPERZ are kinase inhibitors indicated for the treatment of: pediatric and adult patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) who have subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) that requires therapeutic intervention but cannot be curatively resected. The effectiveness is based on demonstration of durable objective response, as evidenced by reduction in SEGA tumor volume. Improvement in diseaserelated symptoms and overall survival in patients with SEGA and TSC has not been demonstrated. (1.5) DrugBank Targets: ¹⁶ Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR Mechanism of Action: ¹⁸ Target: mTOR Action: inhibitor FDA: Everolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine-threonine kinase, downstream of thePI3K/AKT pathway. The mTOR pathway is dysregulated in several human cancers. Everolimus binds to an intracellularprotein, FKBP-12, resulting in an inhibitory complex formation with mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and thus inhibition ofmTOR kinase activity. Everolimus reduced the activity of S6 ribosomal protein kinase (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiationfactor 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1), downstream effectors of mTOR, involved in protein synthesis. S6K1 is a substrate ofmTORC1 and phosphorylates the activation domain 1 of the estrogen receptor which results in ligand-independentactivation of the receptor. In addition, everolimus inhibited the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (e.g., HIF-1) andreduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Inhibition of mTOR by everolimus has been shownto reduce cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose uptake in in vitro and/or in vivo studies.Constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can contribute to endocrine resistance in breast cancer. In vitrostudies show that estrogen-dependent and HER2+ breast cancer cells are sensitive to the inhibitory effects of everolimus,and that combination treatment with everolimus and Akt, HER2, or aromatase inhibitors enhances the anti-tumor activityof everolimus in a synergistic manner.Two regulators of mTORC1 signaling are the oncogene suppressors tuberin-sclerosis complexes 1 and 2 (TSC1, TSC2).Loss or inactivation of either TSC1 or TSC2 leads to activation of downstream signaling. In TSC, a genetic disorder,inactivating mutations in either the TSC1 or the TSC2 gene lead to hamartoma formation throughout the body.

Drugs for Carcinoid Syndrome (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 139)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Levoleucovorin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

68538-85-2

Fluorouracil

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

51-21-8

3385

Bevacizumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

216974-75-3

leucovorin

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 3,Phase 1

58-05-9

6006 143

Oxaliplatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

61825-94-3

43805 6857599 5310940 9887054

Somatostatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

51110-01-1, 38916-34-6

53481605

lanreotide

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 2

108736-35-2

Octreotide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

83150-76-9

383414 6400441

Everolimus

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

159351-69-6

6442177

Sirolimus

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

53123-88-9

46835353 6436030 5284616

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

22916-47-8

4189

tannic acid

Approved

Phase 3

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

94-09-7, 1994-09-7

2337

Methylene blue

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

61-73-4

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

59-30-3

6037

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

59763-91-6

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

Vitamin B9

Phase 2, Phase 3

Immunologic Factors

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 3,Phase 1

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 3,Phase 1

Angiogenesis Modulating Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

Folate

Phase 2, Phase 3

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

Antimetabolites

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

Angiopeptin

Phase 3,Phase 2

Hormones

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 3,Phase 2

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antifungal Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Sunitinib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

557795-19-4, 341031-54-7

5329102

Pasireotide

Approved

Phase 2

396091-73-9

9941444

Peginterferon alfa-2b

Approved

Phase 2

99210-65-8, 215647-85-1

Irinotecan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2,Phase 1

100286-90-6, 97682-44-5

60838

Pancrelipase

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

53608-75-6

Capecitabine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

154361-50-9

60953

Streptozocin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

18883-66-4

29327

Cisplatin

Approved

Phase 2

15663-27-1

2767 441203 84093

Nicotinamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

98-92-0

936

Bortezomib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

179324-69-7

387447 93860

Sorafenib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

284461-73-0

216239 406563

Gefitinib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

184475-35-2

123631

Hydroxyurea

Approved

Phase 2

127-07-1

3657

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

135968-09-1

Floxuridine

Approved

Phase 2

50-91-9

5790

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 71)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Combination Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors	Unknown status	NCT00227617	Phase 2, Phase 3	5-fluorouracil;leucovorin;oxaliplatin
2	An Efficacy and Safety Study of Somatuline Depot (Lanreotide) Injection to Treat Carcinoid Syndrome	Completed	NCT00774930	Phase 3	Lanreotide;Placebo
3	Telotristat Etiprate for Carcinoid Syndrome Therapy	Completed	NCT02063659	Phase 3	Telotristat etiprate;Placebo
4	TELESTAR (Telotristat Etiprate for Somatostatin Analogue Not Adequately Controlled Carcinoid Syndrome)	Completed	NCT01677910	Phase 3	Telotristat etiprate;Placebo-matching telotristat etiprate
5	Everolimus and Octreotide in Patients With Advanced Carcinoid Tumor	Completed	NCT00412061	Phase 3	Octreotide;Placebo;Everolimus
6	Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating TRx0237 in Subjects With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD)	Completed	NCT01626378	Phase 3	TRx0237;Placebo
7	Cabozantinib S-malate in Treating Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors Previously Treated With Everolimus That Are Locally Advanced, Metastatic, or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery	Recruiting	NCT03375320	Phase 3	Cabozantinib S-malate
8	Telotristat Etiprate - Expanded Treatment for Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome Symptoms	Active, not recruiting	NCT02026063	Phase 3	Telotristat etiprate tablets (250 mg)
9	Comparison of Lanreotide Autogel® and Sandostatin LAR Depot in the Treatment of Clinical Symptoms Associated With Carcinoid Syndrome	Terminated	NCT00092287	Phase 3	lanreotide Autogel (somatostatin analogue);Sandostatin long acting release (LAR) Depot (somatostatin analogue)
10	A Study of Sunitinib Versus Placebo in Combination With Lanreotide in Patients With Progressive Advanced/Metastatic Midgut Carcinoid Tumors	Unknown status	NCT01731925	Phase 2	Lanreotide;Placebo (for sunitinib);Sunitinib
11	Study of LX1606 in Subjects With Symptomatic Carcinoid Syndrome	Completed	NCT01104415	Phase 2	Low Dose LX1606 - Day 1 (start);Mid-low dose LX1606 - Day 15 (start);Mid-high dose LX1606 - Day 29 (start);High dose LX1606 - Day 43 (start)
12	Study of Telotristat Etiprate (LX1606) in Participants With Symptomatic Carcinoid Syndrome Not Managed by Stable-Dose Octreotide Therapy	Completed	NCT00853047	Phase 2	Telotristat etiprate;Octreotide LAR Depot;Placebo
13	Study Evaluating SOM230 in Patients With Metastatic Carcinoid Tumors	Completed	NCT00088595	Phase 2	Pasireotide (SOM230)
14	Phase II Study of Subcutaneous Inj. Depot of Octreotide in Patients With Acromegaly and Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs)	Completed	NCT02299089	Phase 2	octreotide FluidCrystal® injection depot
15	Fluorouracil Plus Interferon Alfa in Treating Patients With Advanced Metastatic Carcinoid Tumors	Completed	NCT00002470	Phase 2	fluorouracil
16	Bevacizumab and PEG-Interferon Alfa-2b in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Unresectable Carcinoid Tumors	Completed	NCT00055809	Phase 2
17	Combination Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum or Pancreas That Cannot Be Removed By Surgery	Completed	NCT00416767	Phase 2	fluorouracil;irinotecan hydrochloride;leucovorin calcium
18	Capecitabine and Streptozocin With or Without Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00602082	Phase 2	capecitabine;cisplatin;streptozocin
19	AMG 706 and Octreotide in Treating Patients With Low-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00427349	Phase 2	AMG 706;octreotide
20	Temsirolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma	Completed	NCT00093782	Phase 2	temsirolimus
21	PS-341 in Treating Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00017199	Phase 2	bortezomib
22	Thalidomide in Treating Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00027638	Phase 2	thalidomide
23	Sorafenib Tosylate in Treating Patients With Progressive Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00131911	Phase 2	sorafenib tosylate
24	Temsirolimus and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Advanced Endometrial, Ovarian, Liver, Carcinoid, or Islet Cell Cancer	Completed	NCT01010126	Phase 2	Temsirolimus
25	Gefitinib in Treating Patients With Progressive Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Completed	NCT00075439	Phase 2	gefitinib
26	Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Cancer	Completed	NCT00454363	Phase 2	Pazopanib Hydrochloride
27	Combination Chemotherapy Plus Interferon Alfa Followed by Filgrastim in Treating Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer	Completed	NCT00019474	Phase 2	fluorouracil;hydroxyurea
28	Endoscopic Placement of Metal Stent in Patients With Cancer-Related Bowel Obstruction	Completed	NCT00004911	Phase 1, Phase 2
29	Endoscopic Placement of Metal Stents in Treating Patients With Cancer- Related Duodenal Obstruction	Completed	NCT00004910	Phase 1, Phase 2
30	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer or Gastrointestinal Cancer	Completed	NCT00005049	Phase 2	carboplatin;cisplatin;floxuridine
31	Evaluating an Amino Acid Based Medical Food w/ Diarrhea in Carcinoid Syndrome & Other NETs	Recruiting	NCT03722511	Phase 2
32	Ziv-Aflibercept for Advanced Progressive Carcinoid Tumors	Active, not recruiting	NCT01782443	Phase 2	Ziv-aflibercept
33	Regorafenib in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Active, not recruiting	NCT02259725	Phase 2	regorafenib
34	Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Progressive Carcinoid Tumors	Active, not recruiting	NCT01841736	Phase 2	Pazopanib Hydrochloride
35	AMT-PET in Monitoring Telotristat Etiprate Treatment in Participants With Metastatic Well Differentiated Neuroendocrine Neoplasm	Not yet recruiting	NCT03453489	Phase 2	Telotristat Etiprate
36	Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of an Octreotide Implant in Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome	Terminated	NCT00884715	Phase 1, Phase 2	Octreotide
37	Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of BIM 23A760 in Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome	Terminated	NCT01018953	Phase 2	BIM 23A760
38	P:II Above-Label Octreotide-LAR With Insufficiently Controlled Carcinoid Syndrome	Terminated	NCT01886287	Phase 2	Octreotide LAR
39	Romidepsin in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors	Terminated	NCT00084461	Phase 2	romidepsin
40	Palonosetron Hydrochloride in Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Radiation Therapy in Patients With Primary Abdominal Cancer	Terminated	NCT00903396	Phase 2	palonosetron hydrochloride
41	Study of Panitumumab in the Treatment of Carcinoid Syndrome	Withdrawn	NCT01172717	Phase 2	Panitumumab
42	Vatalanib and Octreotide in Treating Patients With Progressive Neuroendocrine Tumors	Withdrawn	NCT00227773	Phase 2	octreotide acetate;vatalanib
43	An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]-Telotristat Etiprate in Males	Completed	NCT01932528	Phase 1	500 mg [14C]-LX1606
44	Trebananib And Temsirolimus in Treating Patients With Solid Tumors That Are Metastatic or Cannot Be Removed by Surgery	Completed	NCT01548482	Phase 1	Temsirolimus
45	Cixutumumab, Everolimus, and Octreotide Acetate in Treating Patients With Advanced Low to Intermediate Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma	Completed	NCT01204476	Phase 1	Everolimus;Octreotide Acetate
46	Temsirolimus and Vinorelbine Ditartrate in Treating Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT01155258	Phase 1	temsirolimus;vinorelbine ditartrate
47	Seneca Valley Virus-001 and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Young Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, or Rare Tumors With Neuroendocrine Features	Completed	NCT01048892	Phase 1	cyclophosphamide
48	Everolimus and Vatalanib in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT00655655	Phase 1	everolimus;vatalanib
49	Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Treating Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer	Completed	NCT00654160	Phase 1	fluorouracil;irinotecan hydrochloride;leucovorin calcium
50	Erlotinib Hydrochloride and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, or Colorectal Cancer	Completed	NCT00397384	Phase 1	cetuximab;erlotinib hydrochloride

Search NIH Clinical Center for Carcinoid Syndrome

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :

interferon alfa-2b

Sources

Genetic Tests for Carcinoid Syndrome

Genetic tests related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Carcinoid Tumor ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Carcinoid Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

⁴¹

Lung, Heart, Liver, Skin, Ovary, Kidney, Appendix

Sources

Publications for Carcinoid Syndrome

Articles related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

(show top 50) (show all 1736)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Cost-effectiveness analysis of telotristat ethyl for treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea inadequately controlled with somatostatin analogs. ( 28959913 )	Joish V.N....Lapuerta P.	2018
2	Developments in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome - impact of telotristat. ( 29503551 )	Chan D.L....Singh S.	2018
3	Telotristat ethyl in carcinoid syndrome: safety and efficacy in the TELECAST phase 3 trial. ( 29330194 )	Pavel M....Garcia-Carbonero R.	2018
4	LANREOTIDE THERAPY IN CARCINOID SYNDROME: PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PATIENT-REPORTED SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS RESPONSIVE TO PRIOR OCTREOTIDE THERAPY AND PATIENTS NAA8VE TO SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE THERAPY IN THE ELECT PHASE 3 STUDY. ( 29547049 )	Fisher G.A....Vinik A.I.	2018
5	Carcinoid-syndrome: recent advances, current status and controversies. ( 29120923 )	Ito T....Jensen R.T.	2018
6	Telotristat Ethyl for Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome Associated With Chest Pain and Hypertension. ( 29232344 )	Kasi P.M.	2018
7	A case of a primary lung cancer comprised of adenocarcinoma and atypical carcinoid tumor with both components harboring BRAF p.V600E mutation. ( 29248665 )	Olofson A.M....Tafe L.J.	2018
8	The management of refractory carcinoid syndrome: challenges and opportunities ahead. ( 29039712 )	Cives M....Silvestris F.	2018
9	Diagnostic Dilemma: Carcinoid Syndrome. ( 29906424 )		2018
10	Changes in Weight Associated With Telotristat Ethyl in the Treatment of Carcinoid Syndrome. ( 29724499 )		2018
11	Telotristat ethyl: a novel agent for the therapy of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. ( 29350062 )		2018
12	Telotristat Ethyl: A Review in Carcinoid Syndrome Diarrhoea. ( 29931594 )		2018
13	Distinct Imaging Characteristics of Different Metastases From Primary Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Rectal Carcinoid Tumor on 18F-Fluciclovine and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. ( 30371597 )	Bosserman AJ...Lu Y	2018
14	A Case of Carcinoid Syndrome Due to Malignant Metastatic Carcinoid Tumor with Carcinoid Heart Disease Involving Four Cardiac Valves. ( 29527003 )	Shinn BJ...Vanichakarn P	2018
15	Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor (G3 NET) in a Background of Multiple Serotonin Cell Neoplasms of the Ileum Associated with Carcinoid Syndrome and Aggressive Behavior. ( 30076568 )	Capuano F...Vanoli A	2018
16	Telotristat ethyl for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea not controlled by somatostatin analogues. ( 30090879 )	Kasi PM	2018
17	Economic analysis of inadequate symptom control in carcinoid syndrome in the United States. ( 30095284 )	Burton T...Lapuerta P	2018
18	New Treatments for the Carcinoid Syndrome. ( 30098716 )	Loughrey PB...Heaney AP	2018
19	Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment. ( 30133565 )	Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC...Riechelmann RP	2018
20	In Reply: Telotristat Ethyl for Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome Associated With Chest Pain and Hypertension. ( 30153219 )	Jiang W...Lapuerta P	2018
21	Image Gallery: Flush in carcinoid syndrome. ( 30156289 )	Marchetti A...Nosbaum A	2018
22	Oral Ondansetron Offers Effective Antidiarrheal Activity for Carcinoid Syndrome Refractory to Somatostatin Analogs. ( 30171068 )	Kiesewetter B...Raderer M	2018
23	Patent foramen ovale with an enormous right-to-left shunt: unusual reversible cause of hypoxia in carcinoid syndrome. ( 30184060 )	Wrona K...Mizia-Stec K	2018
24	Primary Mesenteric Carcinoid Tumor Presenting with Carcinoid Syndrome. ( 30186091 )	Shogbesan O...Altomare J	2018
25	Cases in a series of carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease. ( 30204224 )	Matshela MR	2018
26	An update of lanreotide acetate for treatment of adults with carcinoid syndrome. ( 30209440 )	Guadalupe E...Stein SM	2018
27	Intraoperative carcinoid syndrome during small-bowel neuroendocrine tumour surgery. ( 30352418 )	Fouch? M...Rimmel? T	2018
28	Influence of carcinoid syndrome on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors undergoing operative resection. ( 30377003 )	Kimbrough CW...Cloyd JM	2018
29	Real-world treatment patterns, resource use and costs of treating uncontrolled carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease: a retrospective Swedish study. ( 30449217 )	Les?n E...Johanson V	2018
30	Impact of carcinoid syndrome symptoms and long-term use of somatostatin analogs on quality of life in patients with carcinoid syndrome: A survey study. ( 30461659 )	Halperin DM...Cella D	2018
31	Relationship Between Symptoms and Health-related Quality-of-life Benefits in Patients With Carcinoid Syndrome: Post Hoc Analyses From TELESTAR. ( 30477789 )	Cella D...Kulke MH	2018
32	Resection of a mature cystic teratoma of the liver harboring a carcinoid tumor. ( 30397434 )	Krainev AA...Birhiray R	2018
33	Unusual cardiac paraganglioma mimicking an atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung. ( 29600100 )	Spencer D...Milliken J	2018
34	Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma or calcitonin-secreting carcinoid tumor of lung? A diagnostic dilemma in a patient with lung mass and thyroid nodule. ( 29124912 )	Vahidi S...Li F	2018
35	Case report: Ectopic Cushing's syndrome in a young male with hidden lung carcinoid tumor. ( 29202350 )	Aljassem G...Aljasem H	2018
36	Primary Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumor: A Long-term Single Institution Experience. ( 26270444 )	Herde RF...Hitchcock YJ	2018
37	Rectal Carcinoid Tumor With Liver Metastases Treated by Local Excision and Orthotopic Liver Transplant With Long-term Follow-up. ( 28350289 )	Vennarecci G...Ettorre GM	2018
38	Kidney carcinoid tumor: Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. ( 29192809 )	Gu X...Herrera GA	2018
39	Clinicopathological indicators of survival among patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumor. ( 29463166 )	Vesterinen T...Arola J	2018
40	Subcutaneous metastasis of a pulmonary carcinoid tumor: A case report. ( 29480829 )	Linhas R...Barroso A	2018
41	Endobronchial Tuberculosis Simulating Carcinoid Tumor. ( 29482702 )	Hajjar W...Hajjar AW	2018
42	Successful Salvage Chemotherapy with Streptozocin in a Patient with Mediastinal Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Who Had Relapsed after Various Prior Therapies. ( 29515410 )	Fukushima T...Koizumi T	2018
43	Diagnosing small bowel carcinoid tumor in a patient with oligometastatic prostate cancer imaged with PSMA-Targeted [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT: Value of the PSMA-RADS-3D Designation. ( 29541580 )	Shenderov E...Rowe SP	2018
44	Endobronchial carcinoid tumor: Radiological findings of a clinical case. ( 29561937 )	Queiroz RM...Valentin MVN	2018
45	Posterior fossa metastasis of lung carcinoid tumor: case report. ( 29607688 )	Reinas R...Resende M	2018
46	Antidepressants appear safe in patients with carcinoid tumor: Results of a retrospective review. ( 29622373 )	Isenberg-Grzeda E...Alici Y	2018
47	Significance of cytodiagnosis in primary carcinoid tumor of the middle ear: A case report. ( 29731914 )	Sato K...Yano H	2018
48	Assessment of the prognostic factors in patients with pulmonary carcinoid tumor: a population-based study. ( 29733505 )	Huang Y...Wang Q	2018
49	Corrigendum to "Antidepressants appear safe in patients with carcinoid tumor: Results of a retrospective review" [YEJSO 44 (6) (June 2018) 744-749]. ( 29934054 )	Isenberg-Grzeda E...Alici Y	2018
50	Catatonia as a presenting symptom of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome caused by thymic carcinoid tumor. ( 29968699 )	Park SS...Kim JH	2018

Sources

Genes for Carcinoid Syndrome

Genes related to Carcinoid Syndrome (0 elite genes):

(show all 14)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CHGA	Chromogranin A	Protein Coding	16.81	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	SST	Somatostatin	Protein Coding	16.81	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	ENO2	Enolase 2	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	GHRH	Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	HTR3A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 3A	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	IFNA2	Interferon Alpha 2	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	SYP	Synaptophysin	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	PYY	Peptide YY	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	NTS	Neurotensin	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	MEN1	Menin 1	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	Protein Coding	16.47	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Carcinoid Syndrome

Sources

Expression for Carcinoid Syndrome

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Carcinoid Syndrome.

Sources

Pathways for Carcinoid Syndrome

Pathways related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neuroscience ⁴	11.99	CALCA ENO2 NPY SYP
2	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	11.71	HTR3A SST VEGFA
3	HIF-1 signaling pathway ³⁷	11.13	ENO2 IGF1 VEGFA
4	Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	10.7	IGF1 SYP VEGFA
5	Sympathetic Nerve Pathway (Neuroeffector Junction) ⁶¹	10.62	NPY PYY

Sources

GO Terms for Carcinoid Syndrome

Cellular components related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.65	CALCA CHGA GHRH IFNA2 IGF1 NPY
2	neuron projection	GO:0043005	9.62	CALCA GHRH HTR3A SYP
3	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	9.56	CALCA ENO2 HTR3A SST
4	terminal bouton	GO:0043195	9.33	CALCA GHRH SYP
5	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.32	CALCA CHGA ENO2 GHRH IFNA2 IGF1

Biological processes related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	9.88	CALCA GHRH NPY NTS PYY SST
2	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.62	CALCA GHRH IFNA2 SST
3	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	9.61	CALCA NPY PYY
4	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.54	IFNA2 IGF1 VEGFA
5	positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0043568	9.46	GHRH IGF1
6	regulation of blood pressure	GO:0008217	9.43	CALCA CHGA NPY
7	response to heat	GO:0009408	9.33	CALCA IGF1 SST
8	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.28	CALCA GHRH IFNA2 IGF1 NPY NTS
9	feeding behavior	GO:0007631	9.13	CALCA NPY PYY

Molecular functions related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuropeptide hormone activity	GO:0005184	9.26	GHRH NPY NTS PYY
2	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.1	CALCA GHRH IGF1 NPY PYY SST

Sources

Sources for Carcinoid Syndrome

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia

Carcinoid Syndrome

Aliases & Classifications for Carcinoid Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Carcinoid Syndrome:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Carcinoid Syndrome

Related Diseases for Carcinoid Syndrome

Diseases related to Carcinoid Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Carcinoid Syndrome

Human phenotypes related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Carcinoid Syndrome

FDA approved drugs:

Drugs for Carcinoid Syndrome (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :

Genetic Tests for Carcinoid Syndrome

Genetic tests related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

Anatomical Context for Carcinoid Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

Publications for Carcinoid Syndrome

Articles related to Carcinoid Syndrome:

Genes for Carcinoid Syndrome

Genes related to Carcinoid Syndrome (0 elite genes):

Variations for Carcinoid Syndrome

Expression for Carcinoid Syndrome

Pathways for Carcinoid Syndrome

Pathways related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Carcinoid Syndrome

Cellular components related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Carcinoid Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Carcinoid Syndrome

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷³ / NDF-RT ⁵¹ :