NIH Rare Diseases
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54
The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.Orpha Number: 137675Disease definitionHistiocytoid cardiomyopathy is an arrhythmogenic disorder characterised by cardiomegaly, severe cardiac arrhythmias or sudden death, and the presence of histiocyte-like cells within the myocardium.EpidemiologyThe prevalence is unknown but less than 100 patients have been described in the literature so far. The majority of reported cases involved children under 2 years of age with a female:male ratio of 3:1.Clinical descriptionClinically, the disease may manifest as various types of incessant arrhythmia (including atrial and ventricular fibrillation, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; see this term) but sudden death due to cardiac arrest is a common presentation. Association with other cardiac defects (ventricular and atrial septal defects, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and endocardial fibroelastosis; see these terms) and with extracardiac anomalies (hypotonia, MIDAS syndrome, Peter's anomaly and congenitalglaucoma; see these terms) has also been reported.EtiologyHistiocytoid cardiomyopathy was largely suspected to be caused by a developmental anomaly of the conduction system, however, a mtDNAmutation in the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome b ( MT-CYB) has been identified. In familial cases (5% of reported patients), inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive but X-linked transmission has also been suggested in patients with the association of histiocytoid cardiomyopathy and MIDAS syndrome (an X-linked dominant condition caused by mutations in the HCCS gene localised to Xp22).Diagnostic methodsThe histological findings are pathognomonic for the disease with yellow-tan nodules in the myocardium and, in some cases, in the subendocardial and subepicardial areas. The nodules are composed of nests of foamy histiocyte-like cells with a granular cytoplasm containing lipid droplets and abundant atypical mitochondria. These abnormal myocytes are found mainly in the ventricles but involvement of the valves has also been reported.Differential diagnosisAs sudden infant death is frequently the presenting manifestation, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is often the initial diagnosis in these cases but can be ruled out by histological evaluation of the myocardial tissue.Management and treatmentManagement options for patients presenting with arrhythmias include surgical removal of the nodular lesions, and electrophysiological mapping and radiofrequency ablation of the arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmics are generally ineffective but one patient showed a good response to treatment with amiodarone.PrognosisThe prognosis in general is poor and the disease is usually fatal.Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.
MalaCards based summary
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Cardiomyopathy, Infantile Histiocytoid, also known as
infantile histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, is related to
congenital heart defects, hamartomas of tongue, and polysyndactyly and
atrial standstill 1. An important gene associated with Cardiomyopathy, Infantile Histiocytoid is
MT-CYB (Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome B). Affiliated tissues include
heart and
tongue.
Disease Ontology
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12
An intrinsic cardiomyopathy characterized by the presence of characteristic pale granular foamy histiocyte-like cells within the myocardium and has material basis in a mutation in the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome b.
OMIM
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58
Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, which was initially described by Voth (1962), goes by various names, including infantile xanthomatous cardiomyopathy (MacMahon, 1971), focal lipid cardiomyopathy (Bove and Schwartz, 1973), oncocytic cardiomyopathy (Silver et al., 1980), infantile cardiomyopathy with histiocytoid change (Ferrans et al., 1976), and foamy myocardial transformation of infancy (Yatani et al., 1988). The disorder is a rare but distinctive entity of infancy and childhood characterized by the presence of characteristic pale granular foamy histiocyte-like cells within the myocardium. It usually affects children younger than 2 years of age, with a clear predominance of females over males. Infants present with dysrhythmia or cardiac arrest, and the clinical course is usually fulminant, sometimes simulating sudden infant death syndrome (Andreu et al., 2000).
(500000)
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
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76
Cardiomyopathy, infantile histiocytoid: A heart disease characterized by the presence of pale granular foamy histiocyte-like cells within the myocardium. It usually affects children younger than 2 years of age, with a clear predominance of females over males. Infants present with dysrhythmia or cardiac arrest. The clinical course is usually fulminant, sometimes simulating sudden infant death syndrome.
