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CACOV
MCID: CRN038
MIFTS: 63

Carney Complex Variant (CACOV)

Categories: Bone diseases, Endocrine diseases, Fetal diseases, Genetic diseases, Rare diseases, Skin diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Carney Complex Variant

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Carney Complex Variant:

Name: Carney Complex Variant 57 12 58 72 29 13 6 39 70
Carney Complex 12 25 20 43 58 36 29 6 44 15 70
Carney Syndrome 12 25 20 43 58
Myxoma-Spotty Pigmentation-Endocrine Overactivity Syndrome 20 58
Carney Complex, Type 1 12 70
Name Syndrome 12 20
Lamb Syndrome 12 20
Lamb - Lentigines, Atrial Myxoma, Mucocutaneous Myoma, Blue Nevus Syndrome 43
Name - Nevi, Atrial Myxoma, Skin Myxoma, Ephelides Syndrome 43
Myxoma, Spotty Pigmentation, and Endocrine Overactivity 20
Myxoma - Spotty Pigmentation - Endocrine Overactivity 20
Carney Complex-Trismus-Pseudocamptodactyly Syndrome 58
Carney Myxoma-Endocrine Complex 20
Carney Complex, Type 2 12
Cacov 72
Cnc1 20
Car 20

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
carney complex
Inheritance: Autosomal dominant; Prevalence: <1/1000000 (Worldwide); Age of onset: Infancy,Neonatal;

HPO:

31
carney complex variant:
Inheritance autosomal dominant inheritance


GeneReviews:

25
Penetrance The overall penetrance of cnc in those with a prkar1a pathogenic variant is greater than 95% by age 50 years....

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Bone diseases Skin diseases Endocrine diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare bone diseases
Rare skin diseases
Rare endocrine diseases
Developmental anomalies during embryogenesis


Sources

Summaries for Carney Complex Variant

About this section
MedlinePlus Genetics : 43 Carney complex is a disorder characterized by an increased risk of several types of tumors. Affected individuals also usually have changes in skin coloring (pigmentation). Signs and symptoms of this condition commonly begin in the teens or early adulthood.Individuals with Carney complex are at increased risk of developing noncancerous (benign) tumors called myxomas in the heart (cardiac myxoma) and other parts of the body. Cardiac myxomas may be found in any of the four chambers of the heart and can develop in more than one chamber. These tumors can block the flow of blood through the heart, causing serious complications or sudden death. Myxomas may also develop on the skin and in internal organs. Skin myxomas appear as small bumps on the surface of the skin or as lumps underneath the skin. In Carney complex, myxomas have a tendency to recur after they are removed.Individuals with Carney complex also develop tumors in hormone-producing (endocrine) glands, such as the adrenal glands located on top of each kidney. People with this condition may develop a specific type of adrenal disease called primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). PPNAD causes the adrenal glands to produce an excess of the hormone cortisol. High levels of cortisol (hypercortisolism) can lead to the development of Cushing syndrome. This syndrome causes weight gain in the face and upper body, slowed growth in children, fragile skin, fatigue, and other health problems.People with Carney complex may also develop tumors of other endocrine tissues, including the thyroid, testes, and ovaries. A tumor called an adenoma may form in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. A pituitary adenoma usually results in the production of too much growth hormone. Excess growth hormone leads to acromegaly, a condition characterized by large hands and feet, arthritis, and "coarse" facial features.Some people with Carney complex develop a rare tumor called psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. This tumor occurs in specialized cells called Schwann cells, which wrap around and insulate nerves. This tumor is usually benign, but in some cases it can become cancerous (malignant).Almost all people with Carney complex have areas of unusual skin pigmentation. Brown skin spots called lentigines may appear anywhere on the body but tend to occur around the lips, eyes, or genitalia. In addition, some affected individuals have at least one blue-black mole called a blue nevus.

MalaCards based summary : Carney Complex Variant, also known as carney complex, is related to carney complex, type 1 and gigantism. An important gene associated with Carney Complex Variant is MYH8 (Myosin Heavy Chain 8), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Integrin Pathway. Affiliated tissues include skin, pituitary and heart, and related phenotypes are pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease and multiple lentigines

Disease Ontology : 12 A syndrome characterized by myxomas, spotty pigmentation of the skin and endocrine overactivity.

GARD : 20 Carney complex is an inherited condition characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac (heart) myxomas ( tumors composed of mucous connective tissue ), skin myxomas, endocrine tumors or over-activity, and schwannomas. Some families with this condition have been found to have mutations in the PRKAR1A gene. Carney complex is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from one affected parent.

KEGG : 36 Carney complex (CNC) is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by pigmented lesions of the skin and mucosa, cardiac, cutaneous and other myxomas, and multiple endocrine tumors. Further manifestations include primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) [DS:H00260] leading to Cushing's syndrome [DS:H01431], pituitary adenomas [DS:H01102], thyroid nodules, testicular neoplasms, ovarian cysts, psammomatous melanotic schwannomas, ductal breast adenomas and osteochondromyxomas. Most CNC patients initially present with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome due to PPNAD or heart myxomas. Skin lesions are the most common CNC manifestation: lentigines are present in 70 to 75% of patients with CNC. Blue nevi are also typical of CNC. CNC is caused by inactivating mutations or large deletions of the PRKAR1A gene coding for the regulatory subunit type I alpha of protein kinase A (PKA). It may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait but in a significant number of patients the disease is sporadic, presumably due to de novo mutations.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 72 Carney complex variant: Carney complex is a multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and other myxomas, endocrine tumors, and psammomatous melanotic schwannomas. Familial cardiac myxomas are associated with spotty pigmentation of the skin and other phenotypes, including primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical dysplasia, extracardiac (frequently cutaneous) myxomas, schwannomas, and pituitary, thyroid, testicular, bone, ovarian, and breast tumors. Cardiac myxomas do not develop in all patients with the Carney complex, but affected patients have at least two features of the complex or one feature and a clinically significant family history.

More information from OMIM: 608837
GeneReviews: NBK1286
Sources

Related Diseases for Carney Complex Variant

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Diseases in the Carney Complex Variant family:

Carney Complex, Type 1 Carney Complex, Type 2

Diseases related to Carney Complex Variant via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 209)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 carney complex, type 1 33.2 PRKAR1A FAM20A
2 gigantism 32.2 GPR101 AIP
3 pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, primary, 1 32.1 PRKAR1A FAM20A
4 familial isolated pituitary adenoma 32.1 MEN1 CNC2 CDKN1B AIP
5 adrenal carcinoma 31.9 PRKAR1A POMC MIR483 MEN1 GNAS ARMC5
6 pituitary adenoma 31.9 USP8 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GPR101 GNAS
7 acth-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 31.7 PRKAR2B PRKAR1A POMC PDE8B PDE11A MIR483
8 multiple endocrine neoplasia 31.2 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GNAS CNC2 CDKN1B
9 mccune-albright syndrome 31.1 PRKAR1A PDE8B PDE11A MEN1 GNAS
10 pituitary tumors 31.1 POMC MEN1 GNAS CNC2 AIP
11 adrenal cortical adenoma 30.7 PRKAR1A POMC MIR483 MEN1
12 adrenal adenoma 30.7 PRKAR1A POMC MIR483 MEN1 GNAS
13 hyperparathyroidism 30.6 PRKAR1A MEN1 CDKN1B
14 follicular adenoma 30.6 MEN1 GNAS CDKN1B
15 growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma 30.5 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GPR101 GNAS AIP
16 adrenal cortical carcinoma 30.5 PRKAR1A POMC MIR483 GNAS
17 myxoma, intracardiac 30.5 PRKAR1A FAM20A
18 aip familial isolated pituitary adenomas 30.4 USP8 AIP
19 primary hyperparathyroidism 30.4 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 CDKN1B AIP
20 breast ductal adenoma 30.4 PRKAR1A PDE11A ARMC5
21 pituitary apoplexy 30.4 POMC MEN1 AIP
22 multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i 30.4 PRKAR1A POMC MIR483 MEN1 GPR101 GNAS
23 thyroid carcinoma, familial medullary 30.3 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1
24 acrodysostosis 30.3 PRKAR2B PRKAR1A GNAS FAM20A
25 paraganglioma and gastric stromal sarcoma 30.3 PRKAR1A PDE11A MEN1
26 pituitary-dependent cushing's disease 30.3 USP8 POMC
27 peutz-jeghers syndrome 30.3 PRKAR1A GNAS CNC2
28 pituitary adenoma, prolactin-secreting 30.2 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GNAS AIP
29 melanotic neurilemmoma 30.2 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1A POMC PDE8B PDE11A
30 acth-independent cushing syndrome 30.2 PRKAR1A PDE8B PDE11A GNAS ARMC5
31 acromegaly 30.1 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GPR101 GNAS CNC2
32 beckwith-wiedemann syndrome 30.1 PRKAR1A PDE11A MIR483 MEN1 GNAS ARMC5
33 multiple endocrine neoplasia, type iv 30.1 USP8 PRKAR1A MEN1 GPR101 CDKN1B AIP
34 conn's syndrome 30.0 PRKAR1A POMC PDE11A MEN1 GNAS CNC2
35 adenoma 30.0 USP8 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 GPR101 GNAS
36 li-fraumeni syndrome 30.0 PRKAR1A MIR483 MEN1
37 primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease 29.3 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB POMC
38 carney complex, type 2 11.5
39 pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types 11.1
40 lentiginosis, inherited patterned 11.0
41 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 2 11.0
42 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1 11.0
43 thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 3 11.0
44 paragangliomas 1 11.0
45 null pituitary adenoma 10.5 MEN1 AIP
46 silent pituitary adenoma 10.4 MEN1 AIP
47 acth-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia 1 10.4 POMC GNAS
48 acrodysostosis 1 with or without hormone resistance 10.4 PRKAR1A FAM20A
49 breast adenoma 10.4 PRKAR1A PDE11A
50 pituitary infarct 10.4 POMC MEN1 AIP

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Carney Complex Variant:



Diseases related to Carney Complex Variant
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Carney Complex Variant

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Human phenotypes related to Carney Complex Variant:

58 31 (show all 47)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 pigmented micronodular adrenocortical disease 58 31 obligate (100%) Obligate (100%),Obligate (100%) HP:0001580
2 multiple lentigines 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001003
3 enlarged polycystic ovaries 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0008675
4 growth hormone excess 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000845
5 pituitary growth hormone cell adenoma 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0011760
6 blue nevus 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0100814
7 hirsutism 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001007
8 thyroid adenoma 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0000854
9 profuse pigmented skin lesions 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0005587
10 thyroid follicular hyperplasia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0008225
11 vestibular schwannoma 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0009588
12 peripheral schwannoma 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0009593
13 abnormality of circulating adrenocorticotropin level 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0011043
14 cardiac myxoma 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0011672
15 increased urinary cortisol level 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0012030
16 abnormal prolactin level 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0040086
17 increased circulating cortisol level 58 31 frequent (33%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0003118
18 congestive heart failure 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001635
19 red hair 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002297
20 pituitary prolactin cell adenoma 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0006767
21 thyroid carcinoma 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002890
22 uterine neoplasm 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0010784
23 fibroadenoma of the breast 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0010619
24 recurrent paroxysmal headache 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002331
25 hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002640
26 adrenal pheochromocytoma 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0006748
27 pigmentation of the sclera 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0007832
28 colon cancer 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0003003
29 stomach cancer 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012126
30 adrenocortical carcinoma 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0006744
31 neoplasm of the pancreas 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002894
32 cafe-au-lait spot 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0000957
33 bronchogenic cyst 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100730
34 parathyroid adenoma 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0002897
35 hepatocellular adenoma 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012028
36 histiocytoma 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0012315
37 osteochondroma 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0030431
38 sertoli cell neoplasm 58 31 very rare (1%) Very rare (<4-1%) HP:0100619
39 nevus 58 Frequent (79-30%)
40 polycystic ovaries 58 Frequent (79-30%)
41 hypermelanotic macule 58 Frequent (79-30%)
42 trismus 31 HP:0000211
43 hypercortisolism 58 Frequent (79-30%)
44 pituitary adenoma 58 Frequent (79-30%)
45 ovarian cyst 58 Occasional (29-5%)
46 schwannoma 58 Frequent (79-30%)
47 distal arthrogryposis 31 HP:0005684

Clinical features from OMIM®:

608837 (Updated 05-Apr-2021)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Carney Complex Variant according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Decreased viability GR00221-A-1 9.7 CDKN1B PRKACB PRKAR1A PRKAR1B PRKAR2A
2 Decreased viability GR00221-A-2 9.7 PRKAR1A PRKAR1B
3 Decreased viability GR00221-A-3 9.7 PRKAR1A PRKAR1B
4 Decreased viability GR00221-A-4 9.7 PRKAR1A PRKAR2A
5 Decreased viability after gemcitabine stimulation GR00107-A-2 8.8 PRKACB PRKAR1A PRKAR2B

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Carney Complex Variant:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.56 AIP CDKN1B GNAS MEN1 POMC PRKAR1A
2 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.1 AIP CDKN1B GNAS MEN1 POMC PRKAR1A
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Carney Complex Variant

About this section

Interventional clinical trials:


# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A Phase 2 Study of Linsitinib (OSI-906) in Pediatric and Adult Wild Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Completed NCT01560260 Phase 2 Linsitinib
2 Definition of the Genotype and Clinical Phenotype of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD), Carney Complex, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Related Conditions Completed NCT00001452
3 Assessment of the Clinical Symptoms of the Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD) and the CARNEY Complex (CNC). Completed NCT00668291
4 Familial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition Recruiting NCT03050268

Search NIH Clinical Center for Carney Complex Variant

Cochrane evidence based reviews: carney complex

Sources

Genetic Tests for Carney Complex Variant

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Genetic tests related to Carney Complex Variant:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Carney Complex 29
2 Carney Complex Variant 29 MYH8
Sources

Anatomical Context for Carney Complex Variant

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Carney Complex Variant:

40
Skin, Pituitary, Heart, Thyroid, Testes, Breast, Pancreas
Sources

Publications for Carney Complex Variant

About this section

Articles related to Carney Complex Variant:

(show top 50) (show all 713)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Mutation of perinatal myosin heavy chain associated with a Carney complex variant. 61 57 25 6
15282353 2004
2
Mutation of perinatal myosin heavy chain. 6 25 57
15590965 2004
3
Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is caused by recurrent mutation of MYH8. 61 57 6
17041932 2006
4
Deletions of the PRKAR1A locus at 17q24.2-q24.3 in Carney complex: genotype-phenotype correlations and implications for genetic testing. 25 6 61
24170103 2014
5
Mutations and polymorphisms in the gene encoding regulatory subunit type 1-alpha of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A): an update. 25 6 61
20358582 2010
6
Mutations in regulatory subunit type 1A of cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PRKAR1A): phenotype analysis in 353 patients and 80 different genotypes. 61 25 6
19293268 2009
7
Large deletions of the PRKAR1A gene in Carney complex. 25 6 61
18223213 2008
8
A PRKAR1A mutation associated with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease in 12 kindreds. 6 25 61
16464939 2006
9
Molecular analysis of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) gene in patients with Carney complex and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) reveals novel mutations and clues for pathophysiology: augmented PKA signaling is associated with adrenal tumorigenesis in PPNAD. 25 6 61
12424709 2002
10
Mutations of the gene encoding the protein kinase A type I-alpha regulatory subunit in patients with the Carney complex. 61 6 25
10973256 2000
11
The myxoma syndrome: an unusual entity. A family study. 6 57
1600999 1992
12
Long-read genome sequencing identifies causal structural variation in a Mendelian disease. 6 61
28640241 2018
13
Case studies of two related Chinese patients with Carney complex presenting with extensive cardiac myxomas and PRKAR1A gene mutation of c.491_492delTG. 61 6
25890363 2015
14
Carney complex with biatrial cardiac myxoma. 61 6
24088910 2014
15
Recurrent left atrial myxomas in Carney complex: a genetic cause of multiple strokes that can be prevented. 61 6
22341669 2012
16
An unusual presentation of Carney complex with diffuse primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease on one adrenal gland and a nonpigmented adrenocortical adenoma and focal primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease on the other. 6 61
22785148 2012
17
Children with Cushing's syndrome: Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease should always be suspected. 61 6
20924687 2011
18
Frequent phosphodiesterase 11A gene (PDE11A) defects in patients with Carney complex (CNC) caused by PRKAR1A mutations: PDE11A may contribute to adrenal and testicular tumors in CNC as a modifier of the phenotype. 6 61
21047926 2011
19
Ectopic thymus presenting as a thyroid nodule in a patient with the Carney complex. 61 6
19265501 2009
20
In vitro functional studies of naturally occurring pathogenic PRKAR1A mutations that are not subject to nonsense mRNA decay. 61 6
18241045 2008
21
Phenotypic variation in trismus-pseudocamptodactyly syndrome caused by a recurrent MYH8 mutation. 6 61
18049072 2008
22
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) and pituitary adenoma in a boy with sporadic Carney complex due to a novel, de novo paternal PRKAR1A mutation (R96X). 6 61
17396442 2007
23
Clinical phenotypes and molecular genetic mechanisms of Carney complex. 61 6
15992699 2005
24
Comparative PRKAR1A genotype-phenotype analyses in humans with Carney complex and prkar1a haploinsufficient mice. 6 61
15371594 2004
25
Mutations of the PRKAR1A gene in Cushing's syndrome due to sporadic primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. 61 6
12213893 2002
26
Genetic heterogeneity and spectrum of mutations of the PRKAR1A gene in patients with the carney complex. 61 6
11115848 2000
27
Mutations in the protein kinase A R1alpha regulatory subunit cause familial cardiac myxomas and Carney complex. 61 6
10974026 2000
28
Fatal Carney Complex in Siblings Due to De Novo Large Gene Deletion. 61 25
28973408 2017
29
Bilateral primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease as a component of Carney syndrome - case report. 6
28255981 2017
30
PRKACB and Carney complex. 61 25
24571725 2014
31
Activation of cyclic AMP signaling leads to different pathway alterations in lesions of the adrenal cortex caused by germline PRKAR1A defects versus those due to somatic GNAS mutations. 6
22259056 2012
32
Extending the scope of diagnostic chromosome analysis: detection of single gene defects using high-resolution SNP microarrays. 6
21850686 2011
33
Germline mosaicism for the c.2021G > A (p.Arg674Gln) mutation in siblings with trismus pseudocamptodactyly. 6
20949528 2010
34
Heterogeneity of skin manifestations in patients with Carney complex. 61 25
18804312 2008
35
An immortalized human cell line bearing a PRKAR1A-inactivating mutation: effects of overexpression of the wild-type Allele and other protein kinase A subunits. 6
18056771 2008
36
Molecular and immunohistochemical investigation of protein kinase a regulatory subunit type 1A (PRKAR1A) in odontogenic myxomas. 61 25
16001434 2005
37
Epidermal basaloid proliferation in cutaneous myxomas. 6
12950501 2003
38
GH-secreting pituitary adenomas infrequently contain inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A and LOH of 17q23-24. 25 61
12641630 2003
39
Surgical correction of trismus in a child with Hecht syndrome. 6
12800911 2003
40
Isolated familial somatotropinomas: clinical and genetic considerations. 61 25
12813918 2003
41
PRKAR1A, one of the Carney complex genes, and its locus (17q22-24) are rarely altered in pituitary tumours outside the Carney complex. 61 25
12471216 2002
42
Regulatory subunit type I-alpha of protein kinase A (PRKAR1A): a tumor-suppressor gene for sporadic thyroid cancer. 25 61
12203783 2002
43
Genetic alterations of Carney complex are not present in sporadic cardiac myxomas. 25 61
11744997 2002
44
Genetic background of adrenocortical tumor development. 61 25
11572037 2001
45
Ovarian lesions in Carney complex: clinical genetics and possible predisposition to malignancy. 61 25
11095480 2000
46
Neurosurgical implications of Carney complex. 25 61
10701527 2000
47
Paradoxical response to dexamethasone in the diagnosis of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease. 61 25
10523219 1999
48
Carney complex, a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome. Analysis of 11 kindreds and linkage to the short arm of chromosome 2. 61 25
8609225 1996
49
Trismus pseudocamptodactyly syndrome: Dutch-Kentucky syndrome. 6
4443857 1974
50
The trismus-pseudocampylodactyly syndrome. 6
4837286 1974
Sources

Variations for Carney Complex Variant

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Carney Complex Variant:

6 (show top 50) (show all 354)
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID Position
1 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.709-7_709-2del Microsatellite Pathogenic 12675 rs281864801 GRCh37: 17:66523965-66523970
GRCh38: 17:68527824-68527829
2 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.101_105del (p.Ser34fs) Deletion Pathogenic 41380 rs281864788 GRCh37: 17:66511638-66511642
GRCh38: 17:68515497-68515501
3 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.109C>T (p.Gln37Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41381 rs281864781 GRCh37: 17:66511649-66511649
GRCh38: 17:68515508-68515508
4 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.139del (p.Met47fs) Deletion Pathogenic 41383 rs281864789 GRCh37: 17:66511679-66511679
GRCh38: 17:68515538-68515538
5 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.178-2A>G SNV Pathogenic 41384 rs281864796 GRCh37: 17:66518895-66518895
GRCh38: 17:68522754-68522754
6 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.178_348del (p.Glu60_Lys116del) Deletion Pathogenic 41385 GRCh37:
GRCh38:
7 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.286C>T (p.Arg96Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41386 rs281864783 GRCh37: 17:66519005-66519005
GRCh38: 17:68522864-68522864
8 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.348+1G>C SNV Pathogenic 41387 rs281864797 GRCh37: 17:66519068-66519068
GRCh38: 17:68522927-68522927
9 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.550-8_550-1del Deletion Pathogenic 41388 rs281864800 GRCh37: 17:66521886-66521893
GRCh38: 17:68525745-68525752
10 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.566_567delinsCAC (p.Glu189fs) Indel Pathogenic 41389 rs281864792 GRCh37: 17:66521911-66521912
GRCh38: 17:68525770-68525771
11 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.638C>A (p.Ala213Asp) SNV Pathogenic 41390 rs281864786 GRCh37: 17:66521983-66521983
GRCh38: 17:68525842-68525842
12 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.693dup (p.Arg232Ter) Duplication Pathogenic 41392 rs281864793 GRCh37: 17:66522037-66522038
GRCh38: 17:68525896-68525897
13 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.711_712dup (p.Ser238fs) Duplication Pathogenic 41393 rs281864794 GRCh37: 17:66523982-66523983
GRCh38: 17:68527841-68527842
14 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.82C>T (p.Gln28Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41394 rs281864780 GRCh37: 17:66511622-66511622
GRCh38: 17:68515481-68515481
15 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.846_847insA (p.Val283fs) Insertion Pathogenic 41395 rs281864795 GRCh37: 17:66525087-66525088
GRCh38: 17:68528946-68528947
16 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.85_95del (p.Ala29fs) Deletion Pathogenic 41396 rs281864787 GRCh37: 17:66511621-66511631
GRCh38: 17:68515480-68515490
17 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.786_787delinsCT (p.Trp262_Glu263delinsCysTer) Indel Pathogenic 12663 rs281864785 GRCh37: 17:66525027-66525028
GRCh38: 17:68528886-68528887
18 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.891+3A>G SNV Pathogenic 12664 rs281864799 GRCh37: 17:66525135-66525135
GRCh38: 17:68528994-68528994
19 PRKAR1A PRKAR1A, 1-BP DEL, 710G Deletion Pathogenic 12666 GRCh37:
GRCh38:
20 PRKAR1A PRKAR1A, 2-BP DEL, 845TC Deletion Pathogenic 12667 GRCh37:
GRCh38:
21 PRKAR1A PRKAR1A, 2-BP DEL, 576TG Deletion Pathogenic 12668 GRCh37:
GRCh38:
22 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.708+1G>T SNV Pathogenic 12672 rs281864798 GRCh37: 17:66522054-66522054
GRCh38: 17:68525913-68525913
23 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.177+3A>G SNV Pathogenic 189811 rs797044568 GRCh37: 17:66511720-66511720
GRCh38: 17:68515579-68515579
24 PRKAR1A and overlap with 1 gene(s) NC_000017.11:g.(?_68512379)_(68533431_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 189812 GRCh37:
GRCh38: 17:68512379-68533431
25 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68512379)_(68512548_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 189813 GRCh37:
GRCh38: 17:68512379-68512548
26 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68515394)_(68515576_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 189814 GRCh37:
GRCh38: 17:68515394-68515576
27 PRKAR1A and overlap with 1 gene(s) NC_000017.11:g.(?_68528870)_(68530449_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 189815 GRCh37:
GRCh38: 17:68528870-68530449
28 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.502+1G>A SNV Pathogenic 469066 rs1555813578 GRCh37: 17:66520219-66520219
GRCh38: 17:68524078-68524078
29 PRKAR1A and overlap with 1 gene(s) NC_000017.11:g.(?_68512379)_(68530459_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 583714 GRCh37: 17:66508520-66526600
GRCh38: 17:68512379-68530459
30 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68515384)_(68529001_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 584116 GRCh37: 17:66511525-66525142
GRCh38: 17:68515384-68529001
31 PRKAR1A and overlap with 1 gene(s) NC_000017.11:g.(?_68515394)_(68530455_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 584268 GRCh37: 17:66511535-66526596
GRCh38: 17:68515394-68530455
32 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.177+1G>A SNV Pathogenic 536896 rs1555811753 GRCh37: 17:66511718-66511718
GRCh38: 17:68515577-68515577
33 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.764_768del (p.Ile255fs) Deletion Pathogenic 536897 rs1555814477 GRCh37: 17:66524034-66524038
GRCh38: 17:68527893-68527897
34 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.660_661TG[1] (p.Val221fs) Microsatellite Pathogenic 570680 rs1568698487 GRCh37: 17:66522005-66522006
GRCh38: 17:68525864-68525865
35 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.812dup (p.Leu271fs) Duplication Pathogenic 574526 rs1568701362 GRCh37: 17:66525051-66525052
GRCh38: 17:68528910-68528911
36 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.671G>A (p.Trp224Ter) SNV Pathogenic 575134 rs1568698504 GRCh37: 17:66522016-66522016
GRCh38: 17:68525875-68525875
37 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68512379)_(68515586_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 830487 GRCh37: 17:66508520-66511727
GRCh38:
38 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68522746)_(68530459_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 831062 GRCh37: 17:66518887-66526600
GRCh38:
39 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.(?_68512379)_(68524087_?)del Deletion Pathogenic 832947 GRCh37: 17:66508520-66520228
GRCh38:
40 PRKAR1A NM_002734.5(PRKAR1A):c.431_440del (p.Asn144fs) Deletion Pathogenic 836915 GRCh37: 17:66519948-66519957
GRCh38: 17:68523807-68523816
41 PRKAR1A NC_000017.11:g.68528870_68528871del Microsatellite Pathogenic 933955 GRCh37: 17:66525009-66525010
GRCh38: 17:68528868-68528869
42 PRKAR1A NM_002734.5(PRKAR1A):c.531_534del (p.Asp178fs) Microsatellite Pathogenic 951600 GRCh37: 17:66521077-66521080
GRCh38: 17:68524936-68524939
43 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.535C>T (p.Gln179Ter) SNV Pathogenic 379923 rs141913727 GRCh37: 17:66521085-66521085
GRCh38: 17:68524944-68524944
44 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41391 rs281864784 GRCh37: 17:66522027-66522027
GRCh38: 17:68525886-68525886
45 PRKAR1A NM_002734.5(PRKAR1A):c.221_230del (p.Arg74fs) Deletion Pathogenic 992907 GRCh37: 17:66518936-66518945
GRCh38: 17:68522795-68522804
46 MYH8 , MYHAS NM_002472.3(MYH8):c.539+1G>C SNV Pathogenic 998204 GRCh37: 17:10318997-10318997
GRCh38: 17:10415680-10415680
47 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.489_490TG[1] (p.Val164fs) Microsatellite Pathogenic 12662 rs281864790 GRCh37: 17:66520205-66520206
GRCh38: 17:68524064-68524065
48 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) SNV Pathogenic 12669 rs281864779 GRCh37: 17:66511541-66511541
GRCh38: 17:68515400-68515400
49 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.124C>T (p.Arg42Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41382 rs281864782 GRCh37: 17:66511664-66511664
GRCh38: 17:68515523-68515523
50 PRKAR1A NM_212472.2(PRKAR1A):c.682C>T (p.Arg228Ter) SNV Pathogenic 41391 rs281864784 GRCh37: 17:66522027-66522027
GRCh38: 17:68525886-68525886

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot genetic disease variations for Carney Complex Variant:

72
# Symbol AA change Variation ID SNP ID
1 MYH8 p.Arg674Gln VAR_019810 rs121434590

Sources

Expression for Carney Complex Variant

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Carney Complex Variant.
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Pathways for Carney Complex Variant

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Pathways related to Carney Complex Variant according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 50)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Signaling by GPCR 65
Show member pathways
 14.18 USP8 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
2
Integrin Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.39 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB MYH8
3
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ 65
Show member pathways
 13.32 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB PDE11A
4
IL-2 Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.23 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
5
DAG and IP3 signaling 65
Show member pathways
 13.13 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB POMC
6
Sweet Taste Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.1 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB MYH8
7
G-Beta Gamma Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.08 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB POMC
8
p70S6K Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.06 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
9
Sertoli-Sertoli Cell Junction Dynamics 63
Show member pathways
 12.96 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB MYH8
10
Regulation of lipid metabolism Insulin signaling-generic cascades 23
Show member pathways
 12.93 USP8 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
11
CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages 63
Show member pathways
 12.91 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
12
NFAT and Cardiac Hypertrophy 63
Show member pathways
 12.89 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
13
Beta-Adrenergic Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 12.85 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
14
DREAM Repression and Dynorphin Expression 63
Show member pathways
 12.73 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB CDKN1B
15
Aldosterone synthesis and secretion 36
Show member pathways
 12.73 USP8 PRKACB POMC PDE8B PDE11A MEN1
16
G-AlphaQ Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 12.72 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
17
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.71 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
18
Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons 63
Show member pathways
 12.71 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
19
Signaling by Hedgehog 65
Show member pathways
 12.66 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
20
Development Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR 23
Show member pathways
 12.63 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
21
TRAF Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.62 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
22
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways 1
Show member pathways
 12.58 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
23
ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 65
Show member pathways
 12.58 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB POMC
24
GABAergic synapse 36
Show member pathways
 12.52 PRKACB PDE8B PDE11A GNAS
25
Aquaporin-mediated transport 65
Show member pathways
 12.5 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
26
Delta508-CFTR traffic / ER-to-Golgi in CF 23
Show member pathways
 12.49 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
27
G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades 23
Show member pathways
 12.44 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
28
Integration of energy metabolism 65
Show member pathways
 12.43 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
29
Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway 63
12.42 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
30
Development A3 receptor signaling 23
Show member pathways
 12.38 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
31
Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2 23
Show member pathways
 12.38 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
32
AMPK Enzyme Complex Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.27 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
33
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
12.24 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
34
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production 65
12.22 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
35
Regulation of CFTR activity (norm and CF) 23
Show member pathways
 12.22 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
36
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 63
12.2 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
37
Development EGFR signaling via small GTPases 23
Show member pathways
 12.19 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A GNAS
38
G alpha (s) signalling events 65
12.15 POMC PDE8B PDE11A GNAS
39
Development A2A receptor signaling 23
Show member pathways
 12.05 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
40
Neurophysiological process Glutamate regulation of Dopamine D1A receptor signaling 23
Show member pathways
 11.84 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
41
Signal transduction_Erk Interactions- Inhibition of Erk 23
11.81 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
42
G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway 23
11.79 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
43
Signal transduction_PKA signaling 23
11.78 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
44
Development_Leptin signaling via PI3K-dependent pathway 23
11.61 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
45
Netrin Signaling 63
11.54 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
46
NgR-p75(NTR)-Mediated Signaling 63
11.49 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
47
Melanocyte Development and Pigmentation 63
11.25 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB POMC
48
14-3-3 and Regulation of BAD Activity 63
11.22 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
49
Development_Hedgehog and PTH signaling pathways in bone and cartilage development 23
11.02 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
50
Transcription_CREM signaling in testis 23
10.46 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
Sources

GO Terms for Carney Complex Variant

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Cellular components related to Carney Complex Variant according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytoplasm GO:0005737 10.13 USP8 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
2 cytosol GO:0005829 10 USP8 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
3 glutamatergic synapse GO:0098978 9.67 USP8 PRKAR2B PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
4 ciliary base GO:0097546 9.35 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
5 nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex GO:0031588 9.32 PRKAR2A PRKAR1A
6 cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex GO:0005952 9.02 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB

Biological processes related to Carney Complex Variant according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 blood coagulation GO:0007596 9.85 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
2 regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001932 9.73 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
3 negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity GO:2000480 9.67 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
4 activation of protein kinase A activity GO:0034199 9.65 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB
5 regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling GO:0043949 9.62 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
6 regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity GO:2000479 9.58 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1A
7 regulation of protein kinase A signaling GO:0010738 9.55 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A AIP
8 adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway GO:0071880 9.49 GPR101 GNAS
9 response to clozapine GO:0097338 9.48 PRKAR2B PRKACB
10 renal water homeostasis GO:0003091 9.43 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS
11 cellular response to glucagon stimulus GO:0071377 9.1 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A PRKACB GNAS

Molecular functions related to Carney Complex Variant according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 ubiquitin protein ligase binding GO:0031625 9.67 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1A PRKACB
2 cAMP binding GO:0030552 9.56 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
3 protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding GO:0034236 9.46 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
4 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity GO:0004115 9.32 PDE8B PDE11A
5 cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity GO:0004862 9.26 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
6 cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity GO:0008603 8.92 PRKAR2B PRKAR2A PRKAR1B PRKAR1A
Sources

Sources for Carney Complex Variant

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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