Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase Ii Deficiency, Infantile (CPT2DI)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from using certain fats for energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). There are three main types of CPT II deficiency: a lethal neonatal form, a severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form, and a myopathic form.The lethal neonatal form of CPT II deficiency becomes apparent soon after birth. Infants with this form of the disorder develop respiratory failure, seizures, liver failure, a weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), and an irregular heart beat (arrhythmia). Affected individuals also have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and a low level of ketones, which are produced during the breakdown of fats and used for energy. Together these signs are called hypoketotic hypoglycemia. In many cases, the brain and kidneys are also structurally abnormal. Infants with the lethal neonatal form of CPT II deficiency usually live for a few days to a few months.The severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form of CPT II deficiency affects the liver, heart, and muscles. Signs and symptoms usually appear within the first year of life. This form involves recurring episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia, seizures, an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia. Problems related to this form of CPT II deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting or by illnesses such as viral infections. Individuals with the severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form of CPT II deficiency are at risk for liver failure, nervous system damage, coma, and sudden death.The myopathic form is the least severe type of CPT II deficiency. This form is characterized by recurrent episodes of muscle pain (myalgia) and weakness and is associated with the breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis). The destruction of muscle tissue releases a protein called myoglobin, which is processed by the kidneys and released in the urine (myoglobinuria). Myoglobin causes the urine to be red or brown. This protein can also damage the kidneys, in some cases leading to life-threatening kidney failure. Episodes of myalgia and rhabdomyolysis may be triggered by exercise, stress, exposure to extreme temperatures, infections, or fasting. The first episode usually occurs during childhood or adolescence. Most people with the myopathic form of CPT II deficiency have no signs or symptoms of the disorder between episodes.

MalaCards based summary: Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase Ii Deficiency, Infantile, also known as carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii deficiency, is related to isolated elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels and myoglobinuria, recurrent, and has symptoms including vomiting, myalgia and apnea. An important gene associated with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase Ii Deficiency, Infantile is CPT2 (Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Metabolism and Fatty acid metabolism. The drugs Bezafibrate and Antimetabolites have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include liver, heart and kidney, and related phenotypes are muscle weakness and reduced carnitine o-palmitoyltransferase level

GARD: ¹⁹ Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from using certain fats for energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). There are three main types of CPT2 deficiency: a lethal neonatal form, a severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form, and a myopathic form. The neonatal and infantile forms are severe multisystemic diseases characterized by liver failure with hypoketotic hypoglycemia (extremely low levels of ketones (substances produced when fat cells break down in the blood) and low blood sugar), cardiomyopathy, seizures, and early death. The myopathic form is characterized by exercise-induced muscle pain and weakness and occasional myoglobinuria (rust-colored urine indicating breakdown of muscle tissue). Genetic changes in the CPT2 gene cause CPT2 deficiency. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. The infantile form usually presents between 6 and 24 months of age with recurrent attacks of hypoketotic hypoglycemia causing loss of consciousness and seizures, liver failure, and transient hepatomegaly. Some children also have heart involvement with cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia. Episodes are triggered by infections, fever, or fasting. Laboratory studies usually indicate hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, and hypoketotic hypoglycemia with elevated levels of creatine kinase (summary by Longo et al., 2006). See also the lethal neonatal (608836) and adult-onset (255110) forms of the disorder, which are also caused by mutation in the CPT2 gene. (600649) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Orphanet ⁵⁸ Carnitine palmitoyltransferase ii deficiency: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder that affects mitochondrial oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA). Three forms of CPT II deficiency have been described: a myopathic form, a severe infantile form and a neonatal form (see these terms).

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase ii deficiency, severe infantile form: The severe infantile form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency (see this term), an inherited disorder that affects mitochondrial oxidation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), is the early-onset form of the disease.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ An autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, characterized by hepatic or hepato-cardio-muscular manifestations with onset in infancy. Clinical features include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, lethargy, seizures, hepatomegaly, liver dysfunction, cardiomegaly and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A lipid metabolism disorder characterized by an enzymatic defect that prevents long-chain fatty acids from being transported into the mitochondria.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency is an autosomal recessively inherited genetic metabolic... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

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