Cellulitis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CLL003 MIFTS: 53	Cellulitis Categories: Immune diseases, Skin diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Cellulitis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Cellulitis:

Name: Cellulitis ¹² ⁵⁴ ⁴² ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷⁰ ³²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Skin diseases Immune diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Cellulitis

Cellulitis, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:3488

MeSH ⁴⁴ D002481

NCIt ⁵⁰ C26715 C34454

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 267833003 74276003

ICD10 ³² L03 L03.9 L03.90

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_0003035

UMLS ⁷⁰ C0007642 C0007646

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Summaries for Cellulitis

MedlinePlus : ⁴² Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. Group A strep (streptococcal) bacteria are the most common cause. The bacteria enter your body when you get an injury such as a bruise, burn, surgical cut, or wound. Symptoms include Fever and chills Swollen glands or lymph nodes A rash with painful, red, tender skin. The skin may blister and scab over. Your health care provider may take a sample or culture from your skin or do a blood test to identify the bacteria causing infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. They may be oral in mild cases, or intravenous (by IV) for more severe cases.

MalaCards based summary : Cellulitis is related to orbital cellulitis and wells syndrome, and has symptoms including fever, pruritus and exanthema. An important gene associated with Cellulitis is TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Acetylcysteine and Pentoxifylline have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, eye and breast, and related phenotypes are digestive/alimentary and immune system

Disease Ontology : ¹² A skin disease where there is a diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, blisters, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion.

Wikipedia : ⁷³ Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the... more...

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Related Diseases for Cellulitis

Diseases related to Cellulitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1239)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	orbital cellulitis	32.8	IGES CRP CD4
2	wells syndrome	32.4	RNASE3 IL5 IL1R1 CRP
3	tinea unguium	32.4	GPT CRP
4	parametritis	32.1	IL5 F2 CRP ALB
5	erysipelas	31.8	TNF MYOM2 IL6 CRP
6	nocardiosis	31.7	TNF LACTB CRP CD4
7	haemophilus influenzae	31.3	TNF LACTB
8	fasciitis	31.2	TNF MYOM2 IL6
9	cavernous sinus thrombosis	31.0	F2 CRP
10	dermatophytosis	30.9	DEFB4A CD4 CCR6
11	cryptococcosis	30.9	TNF CD4 CCR6
12	osteomyelitis	30.8	TNF IL6 CSF3 CRP
13	panophthalmitis	30.8	CRP CD4
14	lymphangitis	30.7	FLT4 CRP CD4
15	maxillary sinusitis	30.7	RNASE3 LACTB CRP
16	thrombophlebitis	30.7	F2 CRP ALB
17	necrotizing fasciitis	30.7	MYOM2 IL6 CRP CAMP ALB
18	conjunctivitis	30.7	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5
19	toxic shock syndrome	30.6	TNF MYOM2 IL6 IL1R1 CRP
20	endophthalmitis	30.6	TNF IL6 CRP ALB
21	septic arthritis	30.6	TNF DEFB4A CRP
22	neutrophilic dermatosis, acute febrile	30.5	TNF CSF3 CRP
23	panniculitis	30.5	TNF CSF3 CRP CD4
24	lymphadenitis	30.5	TNF CRP CD4 CCR6
25	ecthyma	30.5	MYOM2 CSF3 CRP
26	erythema nodosum	30.5	TNF IL6 CRP
27	subdural empyema	30.5	F2 CRP
28	posterior scleritis	30.4	TNF CRP
29	scleritis	30.4	TNF IL5 CRP CCR6
30	pyoderma gangrenosum	30.4	TNF IL1R1 CSF3 CCR6
31	folliculitis	30.4	IL5 DEFB4A CD4 CCR6
32	lemierre's syndrome	30.4	F2 CRP
33	pustulosis of palm and sole	30.3	TNF CRP CCR6
34	keratitis, hereditary	30.3	TNF IL6 CD4 CCR6
35	mediastinitis	30.3	LACTB F2 CRP CD4 ALB
36	herpes zoster	30.3	TNF CD4 CCR6
37	peritonitis	30.3	TNF IL6 F2 CRP ALB
38	purpura	30.3	TNF IL6 F2 CRP
39	uvulitis	30.3	GPT CRP
40	gout	30.3	TNF IL6 IL1R1 ALB
41	sarcoidosis 1	30.3	TNF CRP CHI3L1 CD4 CCR6
42	pyomyositis	30.3	MYOM2 CSF3 CRP CD4
43	peripheral vascular disease	30.2	IL6 F2 CRP ALB
44	streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome	30.2	TNF MYOM2 IL6
45	otitis externa	30.2	IL6 CRP CD4
46	mucormycosis	30.2	CSF3 CRP CD4 CCR6 ALB
47	retinal artery occlusion	30.2	IL6 F2 CRP
48	histoplasmosis	30.2	TNF CD4 CCR6
49	melioidosis	30.2	TNF IL6 CSF3
50	brucellosis	30.2	TNF IL6 CRP

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Cellulitis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Cellulitis

UMLS symptoms related to Cellulitis:

fever; pruritus; exanthema

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Cellulitis:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.56	ALB CD4 F2 FLT4 IL1R1 IL5
2	immune system	MP:0005387	9.47	ALB CAMP CCR6 CD4 CHI3L1 CRP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Cellulitis

Drugs for Cellulitis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 147)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Acetylcysteine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

616-91-1

12035

Pentoxifylline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

6493-05-6

4740

Lincomycin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

154-21-2

656509

Cephalexin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15686-71-2

27447

Ceftaroline fosamil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

229016-73-3

Penicillin V

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

87-08-1

6869

Retapamulin

Approved

Phase 4

224452-66-8

6918462

Bacitracin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

1405-87-4

10909430 439542

Vancomycin

Approved

Phase 4

1404-90-6

14969 441141

Dalbavancin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

171500-79-1, 91097-81-3

122186

Daptomycin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

103060-53-3

16129629

Cysteine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

52-90-4

5862

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 4

Antidotes

Phase 4

diuretics

Phase 4

Expectorants

Phase 4

Antioxidants

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

N-monoacetylcystine

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

penicillins

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Phase 4

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4

methicillin

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Floxacillin

Phase 4

Cefazolin

Approved

Phase 3

25953-19-9

33255 656510

Probenecid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

57-66-9

4911

Moxifloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

354812-41-2, 151096-09-2

152946

Linezolid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

165800-03-3

441401

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

82419-36-1

4583

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

85721-33-1

2764

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

100986-85-4

149096

Cilastatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

82009-34-5

5280454 6435415

Imipenem

Approved

Phase 3

64221-86-9, 74431-23-5

104838

Meropenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

119478-56-7, 96036-03-2

441130 64778

Fusidic Acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

6990-06-3

3000226

Telavancin

Approved

Phase 3

372151-71-8

Caffeine

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

58-08-2

2519

Oritavancin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

171099-57-3

16129632

Diazepam

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

439-14-5

3016

Ceftobiprole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

209467-52-7

6918430

Ceftazidime

Approved

Phase 3

78439-06-2, 72558-82-8

5481173

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 3

64-17-5

702

Clindamycin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

18323-44-9

29029

Metronidazole

Approved

Phase 3

443-48-1

4173

Oxacillin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

66-79-5

6196

Cefadroxil

Approved, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

Phase 3

66592-87-8, 50370-12-2

47965 2610

Teicoplanin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

61036-62-2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 153)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Plus N-Acetyl Cysteine In Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis	Unknown status	NCT02971306	Phase 4	standard medical therapy;G-CSF;n-Acetylcysteine
2	A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial to Measure the Effect of the Addition of Clindamycin to Flucloxacillin for the Treatment of Limb Cellulitis	Unknown status	NCT01876628	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin and Clindamycin;Flucloxacillin and placebo
3	Oral Flucloxacillin Alone Versus Flucloxacillin and Phenoxymethylpenicillin for the Emergency Department Outpatient Treatment of Cellulitis: a Non-inferiority Randomised Controlled Trial.	Unknown status	NCT02922686	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin;Phenoxymethylpenicillin;Placebo (for phenoxymethylpenicillin)
4	Patient-Centered Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Study of Home-based Interventions to Prevent CA-MRSA Infection Recurrence	Unknown status	NCT02566928	Phase 4	2% mupirocin ointment
5	Randomised Controlled Trial to Investigate Whether Prophylactic Antibiotics Can Prevent Further Episodes of Cellulitis (Erysipelas) of the Leg (PATCH I)	Completed	NCT00552799	Phase 4	Penicillin VK
6	Evaluation of Daptomycin for the Emergency Department Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01549613	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
7	A Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing CUBICIN® (Daptomycin for Injection) With Vancomycin in the Treatment of Cellulitis or Erysipelas	Completed	NCT00295178	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
8	Effects of Daptomycin in the Levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in Patients With Complicated Cellulitis/Erisipela in Comparison With Vancomycin or Oxacillin	Completed	NCT01626560	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
9	Comparison of Cephalexin Versus Clindamycin in the Empiric, Outpatient Treatment of Suspected Staphylococcal Cutaneous Infections in the Era of Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (CA-MRSA)	Completed	NCT00352612	Phase 4	clindamycin;cephalexin
10	The Use of Medical Grade Honey in the Prevention of Bone Anchored Hearing Aid Associated Skin Breakdown	Completed	NCT03929224	Phase 4	Medicinal honey and bacitracin;Bacitracin
11	An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin (SB-275833) Ointment, 1%, Twice Daily for Five Days in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Pediatric Subjects Aged 2 to 24 Months	Completed	NCT00555061	Phase 4	Retapamulin Ointment, 1%
12	A Randomized Study to Evaluate Comparative Effectiveness, Inpatient Resource Utilization, and Cost of Daptomycin vs. Vancomycin in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Due to Suspected or Documented Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)	Completed	NCT01419184	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
13	Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Ceftaroline Fosamil for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Documented or at Risk of Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus	Completed	NCT02582203	Phase 4	Ceftaroline;Vancomycin
14	Randomized Clinical Trial of Wound Packing Following Incision and Drainage of Superficial Skin Abscesses in the Pediatric Emergency Department	Completed	NCT00746109	Phase 4
15	Hospital Avoidance Strategies for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI)	Recruiting	NCT03372941	Phase 4	Dalbavancin
16	Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Cellulitis (DANCE): a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 6 to 12 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Cellulitis	Terminated	NCT02032654	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin;Placebo (for flucloxacillin)
17	A Multicentre, Open Label, Uncontrolled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin-Structure Infections (cSSTI) Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)	Terminated	NCT00463801	Phase 4	Daptomycin
18	Oral Moxifloxacin Versus Cefazolin and Oral Probenecid in the Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department	Unknown status	NCT00323219	Phase 3	Cefazolin and Moxifloxacin
19	A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Effectiveness of Alcohol Swabs in Preventing Infections in Pediatric Patients Receiving Vaccinations	Unknown status	NCT03131843	Phase 3	Alcohol;No alcohol
20	Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bactrim on 7 Day Outcome in Emergency Department Patients With Uncomplicated Abscesses at Risk for Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus	Completed	NCT00973765	Phase 3	bactrim;placebo
21	A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftaroline Fosamil (600 mg Every 8 Hours) Versus Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections With Evidence of Systemic Inflammatory Response or Underlying Comorbidities	Completed	NCT01499277	Phase 3	Ceftaroline fosamil;Vancomycin;Aztreonam
22	A Multicenter, Active-Controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Levofloxacin Versus Ciprofloxacin HCl in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Adults	Completed	NCT00257036	Phase 2, Phase 3	levofloxacin
23	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Comparative Trial of Intravenous MERREM (Meropenem, ICI 194,660) vs PRIMAXIN I.V. (Imipenem-cilastatin) in the Treatment of Hospitalised Subjects With Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections.	Completed	NCT00619710	Phase 3	Meropenem;Imipenem-cilastatin
24	Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation of the Activity of a Pharmacological "Anticellulitis" Product vs. a Reference Product on the Market: Comparison Within Subjects (Double Blind Study)	Completed	NCT02195297	Phase 3
25	An Observer-blind, Multicenter, Non-inferiority, Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topical 1% SB-275833 Ointment, Applied Twice Daily for 5 Days, Versus Topical 2% Fusidic Acid Cream Applied Three Times Daily for 7 Days in the Treatment Adult and Paediatric Subjects With Impetigo	Completed	NCT00133874	Phase 3	SB-275833 ointment, 1%
26	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Multinational Trial of Intravenous Telavancin Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Complicated Gram Positive Skin and Skin Structure Infections With a Focus on Patients With Infections Due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00091819	Phase 3	Telavancin;Vancomycin
27	The Effects of Iontophoresis in Women With Gynoid Hidrolipodystrophy.	Completed	NCT03556917	Phase 2, Phase 3
28	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Versus IV Vancomycin for the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (SOLO II)	Completed	NCT01252732	Phase 3	Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Diphosphate;IV Vancomycin
29	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multinational Trial of Intravenous Telavancin Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Complicated Gram Positive Skin and Skin Structure Infections With a Focus on Patients With Infections Due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00107978	Phase 3	Telavancin;Vancomycin
30	Ultrasound Guided Needle Drainage Versus Formal Incision and Drainage of Superficial Soft Tissue Abscesses in the Emergency Department Setting	Completed	NCT01085929	Phase 3
31	A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT00228982	Phase 3	Ceftobiprole medocaril;Vancomycin
32	A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT00210899	Phase 3	ceftobiprole medocaril;Vancomycin plus Ceftazidime
33	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Dalbavancin to a Comparator Regimen (Vancomycin and Linezolid) for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01431339	Phase 3	IV Dalbavancin;Vancomycin/Linezolid
34	Evaluation of Novel Antimicrobial Hand Towels	Completed	NCT02512614	Phase 2, Phase 3
35	A Three-part,Multicenter Study,With a Randomized,Double-blind,Placebo Controlled,Withdrawal Design in Part II to Assess Efficacy,Safety,and Tolerability of ACZ885(Anti-interleukin-1beta Monoclonal Antibody)in Patients With Muckle-Wells Syndrome	Completed	NCT00465985	Phase 3	ACZ885;Placebo
36	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Versus IV Vancomycin for the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (SOLO I)	Completed	NCT01252719	Phase 3	Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Diphosphate;IV Vancomycin
37	A 2X2 Phase III Open-label Clinical Trial of Therapy for Patients With Recurrent Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections: Topical Nasal & Body Decolonization and/or Environmental Decontamination vs. Standard of Care	Completed	NCT00560599	Phase 3	mupirocin and chlorhexidine;mupirocin, chlorhexidine, & household cleaning/disinfection
38	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Dalbavancin to a Comparator Regiment (Vancomycin and Linezolid) for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01339091	Phase 3	Dalbavancin;Vancomycin / Linezolid
39	An Open-label, Efficacy and Safety Study of Canakinumab (Anti-interleukin-1β Monoclonal Antibody) Administered for 6 Months (24 Weeks) in Japanese Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, Followed by an Extension Phase to Provide Canakinumab to Study Patients Until it is Approved and Marketed in Japan	Completed	NCT00991146	Phase 3	canakinumab
40	An Open-label, Long-term Safety and Efficacy Study of ACZ885 (Anti-interleukin-1β Monoclonal Antibody) Administered for at Least 6 Months in Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease	Completed	NCT00685373	Phase 3	Canakinumab (ACZ885)
41	An Open-label Extension Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab and the Efficacy and Safety of Childhood Vaccinations in Patients With Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)	Completed	NCT01576367	Phase 3
42	A One-year Open-label, Multicenter Trial to Assess Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab (ACZ885) and the Efficacy and Safety of Childhood Vaccinations in Patients Aged 4 Years or Younger With Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)	Completed	NCT01302860	Phase 3	ACZ885
43	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Phase III Superiority Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin Ointment, 1%, Versus Placebo Ointment Applied Twice Daily for 5 Days in the Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Subjects With SITL	Completed	NCT00684177	Phase 3	Retapamulin Ointment, 1%;Placebo ointment
44	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Comparative, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin Ointment, 1%, Versus Oral Linezolid in the Treatment of Secondarily-Infected Traumatic Lesions and Impetigo Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00852540	Phase 3	Retpamulin Ointment, 1%;Linezolid
45	A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Single Dose Dalbavancin to a Two Dose Regimen of Dalbavancin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT02127970	Phase 3	Dalbavancin;Dalbavancin-matching Placebo
46	A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Comparator Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Dalbavancin Versus Active Comparator in Pediatric Subjects With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Recruiting	NCT02814916	Phase 3	Dalbavancin single dose;Dalbavancin two dose;Comparator
47	A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftaroline Fosamil (600 mg Every 8 Hours) vs Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections With Evidence of Systemic Inflammatory Response or Underlying Comorbidities.	Terminated	NCT02202135	Phase 3	Ceftaroline fosamil;Vancomycin;Aztreonam
48	A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Multicenter Phase 2 Study of the Safety/Tolerability and Efficacy of JNJ-32729463 Compared With Linezolid (Zyvox) for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection	Completed	NCT01128530	Phase 2	JNJ-32729463;linezolid;JNJ-32729463 placebo;linezolid placebo
49	A Randomized, Parallel Group, Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of NMBM in the Treatment of Subjects With a Post-cellulitis and Venous Leg Ulcer	Completed	NCT01770509	Phase 1, Phase 2
50	Intravenous Cefazolin Plus Oral Probenecid vs. Oral Cephalexin for the Treatment of Cellulitis: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01029782	Phase 2	IV cefazolin plus oral probenecid and placebo cephalexin;Oral cephalexin and saline IV plus probenecid placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Cellulitis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: cellulitis

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Genetic Tests for Cellulitis

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Anatomical Context for Cellulitis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Cellulitis:

⁴⁰

Skin, Eye, Breast, Lymph Node, Spinal Cord, Bone Marrow, Bone

Sources

Publications for Cellulitis

Articles related to Cellulitis:

(show top 50) (show all 9209)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Five Predictors Affecting the Prognosis of Patients with Severe Odontogenic Infections. ⁴² ⁶¹	Pham Dang N...Barthelemy I	33266250	2020
2	Inequitable access to an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy service: linked cross-sectional study. ⁴² ⁶¹	Sumpter C...Mackintosh C	32873291	2020
3	Evaluation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with cellulitis. ⁶¹ ⁴²	Ince N...Karabay O	32935801	2020
4	Hereditary lymphedema type I associated with VEGFR3 mutation: the first de novo case and atypical presentations. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Ghalamkarpour A...Vikkula M	16965327	2006
5	Co-relationship between Escherichia coli in broiler cellulitis and liver lesions. ⁶¹	Silva RM...Evencio-Neto J	32965333	2021
6	Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis presenting with intracranial spread along large sphenoidal emissary foramen. ⁶¹	Lisac RR...Shah CC	33511029	2021
7	Repeated sinus CT imaging after recent head imaging. ⁶¹	Xu K...Lee YZ	33310405	2021
8	Severe cellulitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ⁶¹	Oyama Y...Kurokawa M	33468424	2021
9	Measuring complications of serious pediatric emergencies using ICD-10. ⁶¹	Michelson KA...Finkelstein JA	33374034	2021
10	Explantation in Tissue Expander and Direct-to-Implant Reconstruction with Acellular Dermal Matrix: How to Avoid Early Reconstructive Failures. ⁶¹	Cohen LE...Disa JJ	33710042	2021
11	Emergency physician-performed bedside ultrasound of pyomyositis. ⁶¹	Al-Marzoog A...Kalivoda EJ	33778805	2021
12	Characterization of bacteriophage VVP001 and its application for the inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus causing seafood-borne diseases. ⁶¹	Kim HJ...Lee JH	33279062	2021
13	Clinical characteristics that predict parotid abscess: An observational cohort study. ⁶¹	Srivanitchapoom C...Yata K	33777393	2021
14	Hospital at Home services: An inventory of fee-for-service payments to inform Medicare reimbursement. ⁶¹	DeCherrie LV...Siu AL	33797753	2021
15	A rare cause of cervicomediastinal cellulitis: Oesophageal perforation case report. ⁶¹	Merzouqi B...Mahtar M	33747496	2021
16	Transdermal Permeation of Caffeine Aided by Ionic Liquids: Potential for Enhanced Treatment of Cellulitis. ⁶¹	Hernandes AN...Vila MMDC	33796955	2021
17	Factors associated with melanoma-related limb lymphoedema. ⁶¹	Gjorup CA...Holmich LR	33793386	2021
18	Blinking Dermatitis: A Case Report. ⁶¹	Luria S...Volk I	33798121	2021
19	Nasal-type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma presenting as recurrent periorbital cellulitis. ⁶¹	Hussein MA...Fennessy B	33795266	2021
20	Variation in UK guidelines for the first-line antimicrobial management of paediatric orbital cellulitis-time for national recommendations. ⁶¹	McMaster D...Marsh C	32989273	2021
21	Excluding Antibiotics in the Management of Nonoperative Orbital and Zygomatic Fractures. ⁶¹	Pessino K...Bastidas N	33141770	2021
22	The association of apical periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A large hospital network cross-sectional case-controlled study. ⁶¹	Yip N...Fouad AF	33795142	2021
23	Recurrent necrotizing cellulitis, multi-organ autoimmune disease and humoral immunodeficiency due to a novel NFKB1 frameshift mutation. ⁶¹	Bergbreiter A...Schreml S	33486103	2021
24	Longitudinal impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy on arm lymphedema in patients with breast cancer: An analysis of serial changes in arm volume measured by infrared optoelectronic volumetry. ⁶¹	Kim N...Lee SK	33667586	2021
25	A case of dropped head syndrome due to focal myositis that worsened with cellulitis and improved only by treatment of cellulitis. ⁶¹	Akiyama M...Takeuchi T	33686913	2021
26	Silicone oil-associated orbital cellulitis with lipogranulomatous inflammation in the setting of HIV: a management challenge and clinicopathological correlation. ⁶¹	Chauhan K...Karkhur S	33687937	2021
27	Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a rare case with literature review. ⁶¹	Skopis M...Bag-Ozbek A	32676919	2021
28	Four-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusions: Results Following Multilevel Cervical Fusion With a Minimum 1-Year Follow-up. ⁶¹	Jack MM...Arnold PM	33769972	2021
29	Analyzing the Efficacy of Isotretinoin in Treating Dissecting Cellulitis: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. ⁶¹	Guo W...Silverstein D	33387328	2021
30	The role of biologic treatment in special scenarios in hidradenitis suppurativa: Facial and nape phenotype, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and lymphedema. ⁶¹	Sanchez-Diaz M...Molina-Leyva A	33527618	2021
31	Risk Factors of Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp: A Case-Control Study. ⁶¹	Tran AX...Murina A	33785386	2021
32	Approach to treatment of refractory dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: a systematic review. ⁶¹	Thomas J...Aguh C	31348693	2021
33	Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp treated by tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a case series. ⁶¹	Frechet L...Aubin F	33648906	2021
34	Safety of CPX4 Breast Tissue Expanders in Primary Reconstruction Patients. ⁶¹	Maxwell D...Alexander D	33786255	2021
35	Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Persons Who Inject Drugs. ⁶¹	Chambers HF	33303334	2021
36	Treatment of Psoriasis in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients is Associated with Decreased Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ⁶¹	Schwade MJ...Bollag WB	33798461	2021
37	Clinical Pathway With Single-Dose Long-Acting Intravenous Antibiotic Reduces Emergency Department Hospitalizations of Patients With Skin Infections. ⁶¹	Talan DA...Moran GJ	33780567	2021
38	Investigating the Use of Denosumab in the Treatment of Acute Charcot Neuroarthropathy. ⁶¹	Shofler D...Pham C	33472754	2021
39	Frequency of rare, serious donor reactions: International perspective. ⁶¹	Young P...Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative	33665853	2021
40	The Impact of Malnutrition on the Hospital and Infectious Outcomes of Patients Admitted With Alcoholic Hepatitis: 2011 to 2017 Analysis of US Hospitals. ⁶¹	Lee DU...Karagozian R	33769393	2021
41	Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum. ⁶¹	Kumar KK...Jayanthi CR	33595502	2021
42	Take home injectable opioids for opioid use disorder during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic is in urgent need: a case study. ⁶¹	Oviedo-Joekes E...Harper K	33673847	2021
43	Sex differences in hospitalized adult patients with cellulitis: A prospective, multicenter study. ⁶¹	Collazos J...Asensi V	33508477	2021
44	Abdominal Extension of Fournier Gangrene From Undiagnosed Crohn's Disease: A Case Report. ⁶¹	Carius BM...Long B	33742649	2021
45	An evaluation of sepsis in dentistry. ⁶¹	Dave M...Patel N	33772188	2021
46	[Bacterial acute non necrosing cellulitis (erysipelas) in adult]. ⁶¹	Dezoteux F...Staumont-Salle D	33176944	2021
47	Complicated sinusitis with sphenopalatine artery thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient: a case report. ⁶¹	Ahmed O...Abdelnaby MM	33732419	2021
48	Outcomes of Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation for the Treatment of Lymphedema. ⁶¹	Schaverien MV...Butler CE	33766726	2021
49	Ocular Syphilis Causing Panophthalmitis. ⁶¹	Mathews B...Ulrich JN	32732543	2021
50	A case report of tigecycline induced acute pancreatitis in a renal transplant patient and review of the literature: Should we avoid tigecycline in patients on calcineurin inhibitors? ⁶¹	Yazirli B...Arici M	33655683	2021

Sources

Genes for Cellulitis

Genes related to Cellulitis (0 elite genes):

(show all 25)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	12.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	IL5	Interleukin 5	Protein Coding	11.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CAMP	Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide	Protein Coding	11.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	IL1R1	Interleukin 1 Receptor Type 1	Protein Coding	11.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	RNASE3	Ribonuclease A Family Member 3	Protein Coding	11.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	DEFB4A	Defensin Beta 4A	Protein Coding	11.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	FLT3	Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3	Protein Coding	10.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	CHI3L1	Chitinase 3 Like 1	Protein Coding	9.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	FLT4	Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4	Protein Coding	8.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	16965327
10	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	7.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	CCR6	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6	Protein Coding	7.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
12	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	6.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	MYOM2	Myomesin 2	Protein Coding	6.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	CD4	CD4 Molecule	Protein Coding	6.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	IGES	Immunoglobulin E Concentration, Serum	Genetic Locus	6.48	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	LACTB	Lactamase Beta	Protein Coding	6.48	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	CSF3	Colony Stimulating Factor 3	Protein Coding	6.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	6.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	6.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	6.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
21	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	6.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
22	CSF2	Colony Stimulating Factor 2	Protein Coding	6.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
23	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
24	CD8A	CD8a Molecule	Protein Coding	5.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
25	TNFSF11	TNF Superfamily Member 11	Protein Coding	5.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Cellulitis

Sources

Expression for Cellulitis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Cellulitis.

Sources

Pathways for Cellulitis

Pathways related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 28)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁵ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁵	13.9	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3
2	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.76	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶³ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁶ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶³ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶³ IL-6 Pathway ⁶³ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶³ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶³ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶³ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶³ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶³ STAT3 Pathway ⁶³	13.6	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
4	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.47	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.29	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
6	Akt Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶³ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶³	13.26	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
7	PAK Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶³ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶³	13.22	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 CSF3
8	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁶ Show member pathways IL-22 Pathway ⁶³ Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway ²³ Inflammatory bowel disease ³⁶ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁶	12.52	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 CD4
9	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁶ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁵ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²³	12.27	TNF IL6 IL5 DEFB4A CSF3
10	Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection ³⁶	12.26	TNF IL6 IL1R1 CD4
11	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.25	TNF IL6 F2 CRP ALB
12	Defensins ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Alpha-defensins ⁶⁵ Antimicrobial peptides ⁶⁵ Beta defensins ⁶⁵ Ion influx/efflux at host-pathogen interface ⁶⁵ Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins ⁶⁵	12.24	RNASE3 DEFB4A CD4 CCR6 CAMP
13	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁶	12.17	TNF IL6 DEFB4A CAMP
14	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²³ Show member pathways IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²³ Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²³	12.12	TNF IL6 IL1R1 DEFB4A
15	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.7	TNF IL6 IL5 FLT3 CSF3 CD4
16	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹	11.68	TNF IL6 CD4
17	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁴	11.6	TNF IL6 FLT3 CD4
18	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁴	11.56	TNF IL5 IL1R1 CD4 CCR6
19	IgA-Producing B Cells in the Intestine ⁶⁴	11.52	TNF IL6 IL5 CCR6
20	Malaria ³⁶	11.48	TNF IL6 CSF3
21	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.47	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
22	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation ¹	11.45	IL6 IL5 CSF3
23	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁵	11.31	TNF IL6 IL1R1 CSF3
24	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ¹	11.25	TNF IL6 IL5
25	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁶	11.16	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
26	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²³	10.96	TNF IL6 IL5 FLT4 FLT3 CSF3
27	Overview of nanoparticle effects ¹	10.93	TNF IL6 CRP
28	Cytokines and Inflammatory Response ¹	10.82	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3 CD4

Sources

GO Terms for Cellulitis

Cellular components related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.77	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.65	TNF IL1R1 F2 CD4 CCR6
3	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:0005788	9.55	IL6 FLT3 F2 CD4 ALB
4	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.4	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 GPT F2

Biological processes related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 22)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.95	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 CRP CHI3L1
2	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	9.95	IL6 IL5 FLT4 FLT3 F2 CSF3
3	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.89	TNF FLT4 CHI3L1 CD4
4	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.86	TNF IL6 CSF3 CAMP
5	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	GO:0001934	9.85	TNF FLT4 F2 CD4 CAMP
6	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043410	9.84	IL6 FLT4 FLT3 CD4
7	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	9.83	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
8	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:0050731	9.81	IL6 IL5 CSF3 CD4
9	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	GO:0014068	9.8	TNF FLT3 F2 CSF3
10	positive regulation of kinase activity	GO:0033674	9.78	FLT4 FLT3 CD4
11	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.77	TNF IL6 FLT3
12	immune response	GO:0006955	9.76	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 DEFB4A CSF3
13	antimicrobial humoral response	GO:0019730	9.75	RNASE3 DEFB4A CAMP
14	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.74	TNF IL6 CCR6
15	antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	GO:0061844	9.73	RNASE3 F2 DEFB4A CAMP
16	acute-phase response	GO:0006953	9.72	IL6 F2 CRP
17	defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	GO:0050829	9.65	RNASE3 IL6 DEFB4A CD4 CAMP
18	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:0046427	9.62	TNF IL6 IL5 F2
19	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.58	TNF IL6
20	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.54	TNF IL6 CRP
21	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.5	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
22	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	9.1	TNF RNASE3 IL6 DEFB4A CRP CAMP

Molecular functions related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.56	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
2	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.26	IL6 IL5 F2 CSF3
3	vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity	GO:0005021	9.16	FLT4 FLT3
4	lipopolysaccharide binding	GO:0001530	8.8	RNASE3 F2 CAMP

Sources

Sources for Cellulitis

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ Tocris

⁷⁰ UMLS

⁷¹ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷² UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷³ Wikipedia