Cellulitis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CLL003 MIFTS: 53	Cellulitis Categories: Immune diseases, Skin diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Cellulitis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Cellulitis:

Name: Cellulitis ¹² ⁵⁴ ⁴² ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷¹ ³²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Skin diseases Immune diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Cellulitis

Cellulitis, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:3488

MeSH ⁴⁴ D002481

NCIt ⁵⁰ C26715 C34454

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 267833003 74276003

ICD10 ³² L03 L03.9 L03.90

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_0003035

UMLS ⁷¹ C0007642 C0007646

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Summaries for Cellulitis

MedlinePlus : ⁴² Cellulitis is an infection of the skin and deep underlying tissues. Group A strep (streptococcal) bacteria are the most common cause. The bacteria enter your body when you get an injury such as a bruise, burn, surgical cut, or wound. Symptoms include Fever and chills Swollen glands or lymph nodes A rash with painful, red, tender skin. The skin may blister and scab over. Your health care provider may take a sample or culture from your skin or do a blood test to identify the bacteria causing infection. Treatment is with antibiotics. They may be oral in mild cases, or intravenous (by IV) for more severe cases.

MalaCards based summary : Cellulitis is related to orbital cellulitis and tinea unguium, and has symptoms including fever, pruritus and exanthema. An important gene associated with Cellulitis is TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Acetylcysteine and Pentoxifylline have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skin, breast and eye, and related phenotypes are digestive/alimentary and immune system

Disease Ontology : ¹² A skin disease where there is a diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, blisters, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the... more...

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Related Diseases for Cellulitis

Diseases related to Cellulitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1242)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	orbital cellulitis	32.8	IGES CRP CD4
2	tinea unguium	32.5	GPT CRP
3	wells syndrome	32.4	RNASE3 IL5 IL1R1 CRP
4	parametritis	32.1	IL5 F2 CRP ALB
5	erysipelas	31.8	TNF MYOM2 IL6 CRP
6	nocardiosis	31.7	TNF LACTB CRP CD4
7	haemophilus influenzae	31.4	TNF LACTB
8	fasciitis	31.2	TNF MYOM2 IL6
9	cavernous sinus thrombosis	31.0	F2 CRP
10	dermatophytosis	30.9	DEFB4A CD4 CCR6
11	cryptococcosis	30.9	TNF CD4 CCR6
12	osteomyelitis	30.8	TNF IL6 CSF3 CRP
13	panophthalmitis	30.8	CRP CD4
14	lymphangitis	30.7	FLT4 CRP CD4
15	thrombophlebitis	30.7	F2 CRP ALB
16	maxillary sinusitis	30.7	RNASE3 LACTB CRP
17	necrotizing fasciitis	30.7	MYOM2 IL6 CRP CAMP ALB
18	conjunctivitis	30.7	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5
19	toxic shock syndrome	30.6	TNF MYOM2 IL6 IL1R1 CRP
20	endophthalmitis	30.6	TNF IL6 CRP ALB
21	neutrophilic dermatosis, acute febrile	30.6	TNF CSF3 CRP
22	panniculitis	30.5	TNF CSF3 CRP CD4
23	lymphadenitis	30.5	TNF CRP CD4 CCR6
24	subdural empyema	30.5	F2 CRP
25	erythema nodosum	30.5	TNF IL6 CRP
26	posterior scleritis	30.4	TNF CRP
27	ecthyma	30.4	MYOM2 CSF3 CRP
28	scleritis	30.4	TNF IL5 CRP CCR6
29	pyoderma gangrenosum	30.4	TNF IL1R1 CSF3 CCR6
30	folliculitis	30.4	IL5 DEFB4A CD4 CCR6
31	pustulosis of palm and sole	30.4	TNF CRP CCR6
32	keratitis, hereditary	30.3	TNF IL6 CD4 CCR6
33	lemierre's syndrome	30.3	F2 CRP
34	herpes zoster	30.3	TNF CD4 CCR6
35	mediastinitis	30.3	LACTB F2 CRP CD4 ALB
36	uvulitis	30.3	GPT CRP
37	purpura	30.3	TNF IL6 F2 CRP
38	gout	30.3	TNF IL6 IL1R1 ALB
39	peritonitis	30.3	TNF IL6 F2 CRP ALB
40	pyoderma	30.3	TNF MYOM2 IL1R1 CSF3 CCR6
41	sarcoidosis 1	30.3	TNF CRP CHI3L1 CD4 CCR6
42	pericarditis	30.3	TNF IL6 CRP
43	pyomyositis	30.2	MYOM2 CSF3 CRP CD4
44	streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome	30.2	TNF MYOM2 IL6
45	peripheral vascular disease	30.2	IL6 F2 CRP ALB
46	otitis externa	30.2	IL6 CRP CD4
47	mucormycosis	30.2	CSF3 CRP CD4 CCR6 ALB
48	retinal artery occlusion	30.2	IL6 F2 CRP
49	melioidosis	30.2	TNF IL6 CSF3
50	histoplasmosis	30.2	TNF CD4 CCR6

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Cellulitis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Cellulitis

UMLS symptoms related to Cellulitis:

fever, pruritus, exanthema

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Cellulitis:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.56	ALB CD4 F2 FLT4 IL1R1 IL5
2	immune system	MP:0005387	9.47	ALB CAMP CCR6 CD4 CHI3L1 CRP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Cellulitis

Drugs for Cellulitis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 145)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Acetylcysteine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

616-91-1

12035

Pentoxifylline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

6493-05-6

4740

Lincomycin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

154-21-2

656509

Penicillin V

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

87-08-1

6869

Cephalexin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15686-71-2

27447

Clindamycin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

18323-44-9

29029

Ceftaroline fosamil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

229016-73-3

Retapamulin

Approved

Phase 4

224452-66-8

6918462

Bacitracin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

1405-87-4

439542 10909430

Vancomycin

Approved

Phase 4

1404-90-6

441141 14969

Dalbavancin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

171500-79-1, 91097-81-3

122186

Daptomycin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

103060-53-3

16129629

Cysteine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

52-90-4

5862

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

Antioxidants

Phase 4

diuretics

Phase 4

N-monoacetylcystine

Phase 4

Expectorants

Phase 4

Antidotes

Phase 4

penicillins

Phase 4

Clindamycin palmitate

Phase 4

Clindamycin phosphate

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Floxacillin

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

methicillin

Phase 4

Cefazolin

Approved

Phase 3

25953-19-9

656510 33255

Probenecid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

57-66-9

4911

Moxifloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

151096-09-2, 354812-41-2

152946

Linezolid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

165800-03-3

441401

Cilastatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

82009-34-5

5280454 6435415

Meropenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

96036-03-2, 119478-56-7

64778 441130

Imipenem

Approved

Phase 3

64221-86-9, 74431-23-5

104838

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

82419-36-1

4583

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

85721-33-1

2764

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

100986-85-4

149096

Caffeine

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

58-08-2

2519

Ceftobiprole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

209467-52-7

6918430

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 3

64-17-5

702

Telavancin

Approved

Phase 3

372151-71-8

Diazepam

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

439-14-5

3016

Oritavancin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

171099-57-3

16129632

Ceftazidime

Approved

Phase 3

72558-82-8, 78439-06-2

5481173

Fusidic Acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

6990-06-3

3000226

Oxacillin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

66-79-5

6196

Metronidazole

Approved

Phase 3

443-48-1

4173

Teicoplanin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

61036-62-2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 154)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Plus N-Acetyl Cysteine In Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis	Unknown status	NCT02971306	Phase 4	standard medical therapy;G-CSF;n-Acetylcysteine
2	A Double Blind Randomised Control Trial to Measure the Effect of the Addition of Clindamycin to Flucloxacillin for the Treatment of Limb Cellulitis	Unknown status	NCT01876628	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin and Clindamycin;Flucloxacillin and placebo
3	Oral Flucloxacillin Alone Versus Flucloxacillin and Phenoxymethylpenicillin for the Emergency Department Outpatient Treatment of Cellulitis: a Non-inferiority Randomised Controlled Trial.	Unknown status	NCT02922686	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin;Phenoxymethylpenicillin;Placebo (for phenoxymethylpenicillin)
4	Patient-Centered Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Study of Home-based Interventions to Prevent CA-MRSA Infection Recurrence	Unknown status	NCT02566928	Phase 4	2% mupirocin ointment
5	Randomised Controlled Trial to Investigate Whether Prophylactic Antibiotics Can Prevent Further Episodes of Cellulitis (Erysipelas) of the Leg (PATCH I)	Completed	NCT00552799	Phase 4	Penicillin VK
6	Evaluation of Daptomycin for the Emergency Department Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01549613	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
7	A Multicenter, Randomized Study Comparing CUBICIN® (Daptomycin for Injection) With Vancomycin in the Treatment of Cellulitis or Erysipelas	Completed	NCT00295178	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
8	Effects of Daptomycin in the Levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in Patients With Complicated Cellulitis/Erisipela in Comparison With Vancomycin or Oxacillin	Completed	NCT01626560	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
9	Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Ceftaroline Fosamil for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections Documented or at Risk of Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus	Completed	NCT02582203	Phase 4	Ceftaroline;Vancomycin
10	Randomized Clinical Trial of Wound Packing Following Incision and Drainage of Superficial Skin Abscesses in the Pediatric Emergency Department	Completed	NCT00746109	Phase 4
11	An Open-Label, Non-Comparative Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin (SB-275833) Ointment, 1%, Twice Daily for Five Days in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Pediatric Subjects Aged 2 to 24 Months	Completed	NCT00555061	Phase 4	Retapamulin Ointment, 1%
12	A Randomized Study to Evaluate Comparative Effectiveness, Inpatient Resource Utilization, and Cost of Daptomycin vs. Vancomycin in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections Due to Suspected or Documented Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)	Completed	NCT01419184	Phase 4	Daptomycin;Vancomycin
13	Comparison of Cephalexin Versus Clindamycin in the Empiric, Outpatient Treatment of Suspected Staphylococcal Cutaneous Infections in the Era of Community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (CA-MRSA)	Completed	NCT00352612	Phase 4	clindamycin;cephalexin
14	The Use of Medical Grade Honey in the Prevention of Bone Anchored Hearing Aid Associated Skin Breakdown	Completed	NCT03929224	Phase 4	Medicinal honey and bacitracin;Bacitracin
15	Hospital Avoidance Strategies for Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (ABSSSI)	Recruiting	NCT03372941	Phase 4	Dalbavancin
16	Duration of Antibiotic Therapy for Cellulitis (DANCE): a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 6 to 12 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Cellulitis	Terminated	NCT02032654	Phase 4	Flucloxacillin;Placebo (for flucloxacillin)
17	A Multicentre, Open Label, Uncontrolled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Daptomycin for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin-Structure Infections (cSSTI) Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)	Terminated	NCT00463801	Phase 4	Daptomycin
18	Oral Moxifloxacin Versus Cefazolin and Oral Probenecid in the Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Emergency Department	Unknown status	NCT00323219	Phase 3	Cefazolin and Moxifloxacin
19	A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Effectiveness of Alcohol Swabs in Preventing Infections in Pediatric Patients Receiving Vaccinations	Unknown status	NCT03131843	Phase 3	Alcohol;No alcohol
20	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Comparative Trial of Intravenous MERREM (Meropenem, ICI 194,660) vs PRIMAXIN I.V. (Imipenem-cilastatin) in the Treatment of Hospitalised Subjects With Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections.	Completed	NCT00619710	Phase 3	Meropenem;Imipenem-cilastatin
21	A Multicenter, Active-Controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Levofloxacin Versus Ciprofloxacin HCl in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Adults	Completed	NCT00257036	Phase 2, Phase 3	levofloxacin
22	A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftaroline Fosamil (600 mg Every 8 Hours) Versus Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections With Evidence of Systemic Inflammatory Response or Underlying Comorbidities	Completed	NCT01499277	Phase 3	Ceftaroline fosamil;Vancomycin;Aztreonam
23	Clinical and Instrumental Evaluation of the Activity of a Pharmacological "Anticellulitis" Product vs. a Reference Product on the Market: Comparison Within Subjects (Double Blind Study)	Completed	NCT02195297	Phase 3
24	Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bactrim on 7 Day Outcome in Emergency Department Patients With Uncomplicated Abscesses at Risk for Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus	Completed	NCT00973765	Phase 3	bactrim;placebo
25	The Effects of Iontophoresis in Women With Gynoid Hidrolipodystrophy.	Completed	NCT03556917	Phase 2, Phase 3
26	Evaluation of Novel Antimicrobial Hand Towels	Completed	NCT02512614	Phase 2, Phase 3
27	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Phase III Superiority Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin Ointment, 1%, Versus Placebo Ointment Applied Twice Daily for 5 Days in the Treatment of Adult and Pediatric Subjects With SITL	Completed	NCT00684177	Phase 3	Retapamulin Ointment, 1%;Placebo ointment
28	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Dalbavancin to a Comparator Regiment (Vancomycin and Linezolid) for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01339091	Phase 3	Dalbavancin;Vancomycin / Linezolid
29	A One-year Open-label, Multicenter Trial to Assess Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab (ACZ885) and the Efficacy and Safety of Childhood Vaccinations in Patients Aged 4 Years or Younger With Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)	Completed	NCT01302860	Phase 3	ACZ885
30	A 2X2 Phase III Open-label Clinical Trial of Therapy for Patients With Recurrent Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections: Topical Nasal & Body Decolonization and/or Environmental Decontamination vs. Standard of Care	Completed	NCT00560599	Phase 3	mupirocin and chlorhexidine;mupirocin, chlorhexidine, & household cleaning/disinfection
31	A Three-part,Multicenter Study,With a Randomized,Double-blind,Placebo Controlled,Withdrawal Design in Part II to Assess Efficacy,Safety,and Tolerability of ACZ885(Anti-interleukin-1beta Monoclonal Antibody)in Patients With Muckle-Wells Syndrome	Completed	NCT00465985	Phase 3	ACZ885;Placebo
32	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multinational Trial of Intravenous Telavancin Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Complicated Gram Positive Skin and Skin Structure Infections With a Focus on Patients With Infections Due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00107978	Phase 3	Telavancin;Vancomycin
33	An Open-label, Long-term Safety and Efficacy Study of ACZ885 (Anti-interleukin-1β Monoclonal Antibody) Administered for at Least 6 Months in Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease	Completed	NCT00685373	Phase 3	Canakinumab (ACZ885)
34	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Versus IV Vancomycin for the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (SOLO II)	Completed	NCT01252732	Phase 3	Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Diphosphate;IV Vancomycin
35	A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Single Dose Dalbavancin to a Two Dose Regimen of Dalbavancin for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT02127970	Phase 3	Dalbavancin;Dalbavancin-matching Placebo
36	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Dalbavancin to a Comparator Regimen (Vancomycin and Linezolid) for the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT01431339	Phase 3	IV Dalbavancin;Vancomycin/Linezolid
37	A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT00228982	Phase 3	Ceftobiprole medocaril;Vancomycin
38	A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Ceftobiprole Versus Comparator in the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Completed	NCT00210899	Phase 3	ceftobiprole medocaril;Vancomycin plus Ceftazidime
39	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Multinational Trial of Intravenous Telavancin Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Complicated Gram Positive Skin and Skin Structure Infections With a Focus on Patients With Infections Due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00091819	Phase 3	Telavancin;Vancomycin
40	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Versus IV Vancomycin for the Treatment of Patients With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection (SOLO I)	Completed	NCT01252719	Phase 3	Single-Dose IV Oritavancin Diphosphate;IV Vancomycin
41	An Observer-blind, Multicenter, Non-inferiority, Comparative Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Topical 1% SB-275833 Ointment, Applied Twice Daily for 5 Days, Versus Topical 2% Fusidic Acid Cream Applied Three Times Daily for 7 Days in the Treatment Adult and Paediatric Subjects With Impetigo	Completed	NCT00133874	Phase 3	SB-275833 ointment, 1%
42	Ultrasound Guided Needle Drainage Versus Formal Incision and Drainage of Superficial Soft Tissue Abscesses in the Emergency Department Setting	Completed	NCT01085929	Phase 3
43	An Open-label, Efficacy and Safety Study of Canakinumab (Anti-interleukin-1β Monoclonal Antibody) Administered for 6 Months (24 Weeks) in Japanese Patients With the Following Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Muckle-Wells Syndrome, or Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, Followed by an Extension Phase to Provide Canakinumab to Study Patients Until it is Approved and Marketed in Japan	Completed	NCT00991146	Phase 3	canakinumab
44	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Comparative, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Topical Retapamulin Ointment, 1%, Versus Oral Linezolid in the Treatment of Secondarily-Infected Traumatic Lesions and Impetigo Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus	Completed	NCT00852540	Phase 3	Retpamulin Ointment, 1%;Linezolid
45	An Open-label Extension Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Canakinumab and the Efficacy and Safety of Childhood Vaccinations in Patients With Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS)	Completed	NCT01576367	Phase 3
46	A Phase 3, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized, Comparator Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Dalbavancin Versus Active Comparator in Pediatric Subjects With Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections	Recruiting	NCT02814916	Phase 3	Dalbavancin single dose;Dalbavancin two dose;Comparator
47	A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftaroline Fosamil (600 mg Every 8 Hours) vs Vancomycin Plus Aztreonam in the Treatment of Patients With Complicated Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections With Evidence of Systemic Inflammatory Response or Underlying Comorbidities.	Terminated	NCT02202135	Phase 3	Ceftaroline fosamil;Vancomycin;Aztreonam
48	A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Multicenter Phase 2 Study of the Safety/Tolerability and Efficacy of JNJ-32729463 Compared With Linezolid (Zyvox) for the Treatment of Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection	Completed	NCT01128530	Phase 2	JNJ-32729463;linezolid;JNJ-32729463 placebo;linezolid placebo
49	Intravenous Cefazolin Plus Oral Probenecid vs. Oral Cephalexin for the Treatment of Cellulitis: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01029782	Phase 2	IV cefazolin plus oral probenecid and placebo cephalexin;Oral cephalexin and saline IV plus probenecid placebo
50	A Randomized, Parallel Group, Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of NMBM in the Treatment of Subjects With a Post-cellulitis and Venous Leg Ulcer	Completed	NCT01770509	Phase 1, Phase 2

Search NIH Clinical Center for Cellulitis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: cellulitis

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Genetic Tests for Cellulitis

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Anatomical Context for Cellulitis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Cellulitis:

⁴⁰

Skin, Breast, Eye, Lymph Node, Kidney, Spinal Cord, Bone Marrow

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Publications for Cellulitis

Articles related to Cellulitis:

(show top 50) (show all 9121)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A Rare Case of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T Cell Lymphoma with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Mimicking Cellulitis. ⁴² ⁶¹	Mody A...Gill V	33428607	2021
2	Deep neck cellulitis: a challenging diagnosis. ⁴² ⁶¹	Goncalves AI...Trigueiros N	33370930	2020
3	Five Predictors Affecting the Prognosis of Patients with Severe Odontogenic Infections. ⁴² ⁶¹	Pham Dang N...Barthelemy I	33266250	2020
4	Hereditary lymphedema type I associated with VEGFR3 mutation: the first de novo case and atypical presentations. ⁶¹ ⁵⁴	Ghalamkarpour A...Vikkula M	16965327	2006
5	Co-relationship between Escherichia coli in broiler cellulitis and liver lesions. ⁶¹	Silva RM...Evencio-Neto J	32965333	2021
6	Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis presenting with intracranial spread along large sphenoidal emissary foramen. ⁶¹	Lisac RR...Shah CC	33511029	2021
7	Characterization of bacteriophage VVP001 and its application for the inhibition of Vibrio vulnificus causing seafood-borne diseases. ⁶¹	Kim HJ...Lee JH	33279062	2021
8	Cellulitis. ⁶¹	Bystritsky RJ	33494874	2021
9	Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: a rare case with literature review. ⁶¹	Skopis M...Bag-Ozbek A	32676919	2021
10	Approach to treatment of refractory dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: a systematic review. ⁶¹	Thomas J...Aguh C	31348693	2021
11	Does Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase the Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty? ⁶¹	Gu A...Sculco PK	33032874	2021
12	Severe ocular and adnexal complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever: A report of 29 eyes. ⁶¹	Vijitha VS...Narayanan R	33595487	2021
13	Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Persons Who Inject Drugs. ⁶¹	Chambers HF	33303334	2021
14	Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum. ⁶¹	Kumar KK...Jayanthi CR	33595502	2021
15	Distinguishing Cellulitis from Its Noninfectious Mimics: Approach to the Red Leg. ⁶¹	Garcia BM...Shinkai K	33303330	2021
16	Lesion-Mapping Software for the Measurement of Subperiosteal Abscess Volume for Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis: A Retrospective Chart Review. ⁶¹	Pradeep T...Fu R	33537950	2021
17	Chasing the culprit in shadow - Sinonasal mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host. ⁶¹	Singh A...Handa AC	33567999	2021
18	Unilateral periorbital swelling in children: avoid delays in diagnosis. ⁶¹	Gupta S...Soni D	33526520	2021
19	The role of biologic treatment in special scenarios in hidradenitis suppurativa: Facial and nape phenotype, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and lymphedema. ⁶¹	Sanchez-Diaz M...Molina-Leyva A	33527618	2021
20	[Applying Swanson's Theory of Caring to Manage a Patient With Cellulitis]. ⁶¹	Haung HY...Kao CY	33521924	2021
21	Risk of thrombotic events after respiratory infection requiring hospitalization. ⁶¹	Smilowitz NR...Berger JS	33602977	2021
22	Triggering of cardiovascular disease by infection type: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC). ⁶¹	Cowan LT...Lakshminarayan K	33031889	2021
23	Adipose-derived regenerative cells and lipotransfer in alleviating breast cancer-related lymphedema: An open-label phase I trial with 4 years of follow-up. ⁶¹	Jorgensen MG...Sorensen JA	33594819	2021
24	Hippophae rhamnoides mediate gene expression profiles against keratinocytes infection of Staphylococcus aureus. ⁶¹	Shah H...Ali A	33608810	2021
25	Skin-Related complications of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: a retrospective review of 410 patients. ⁶¹	Anderson KR...Tollefson MM	33070382	2021
26	Acute dacryocystitis in pediatric patients and frequency of nasolacrimal duct patency. ⁶¹	Alaboudi A...Alsuhaibani AH	31994430	2021
27	Myositis of an Extraocular Muscle, a Possible Drug Reaction: Histopathologic and Immunopathologic Analysis. ⁶¹	Charles NC...Kim ET	33587420	2021
28	Otolaryngeal and Oropharyngeal Conditions: Common Ear Conditions. ⁶¹	Shahan BT...Gauer RL	33595266	2021
29	Seasonality of Common Pediatric Infectious Diseases. ⁶¹	Lipsett SC...Fine AM	29768293	2021
30	Pooled safety analysis of baricitinib in adult patients with atopic dermatitis from 8 randomized clinical trials. ⁶¹	Bieber T...Janes J	32926462	2021
31	The impact of air pollution on skin and related disorders: A comprehensive review. ⁶¹	Abolhasani R...Robati RM	33527709	2021
32	A Comparative Analysis of Fleur-de-Lis and Traditional Panniculectomy after Bariatric Surgery. ⁶¹	Christopher AN...Fischer JP	33544187	2021
33	Lower extremity lymphatic function predicted by body mass index: a lymphoscintigraphic study of obesity and lipedema. ⁶¹	Greene AK...Sudduth CL	32934317	2021
34	Paediatric periorbital cellulitis: A 10-year retrospective case series review. ⁶¹	Murphy DC...Bath AP	32987452	2021
35	Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis related to Orbital Cellulitis Serious Complication to Prevent: a case report and literature review. ⁶¹	Aloua R...Slimani F	33532066	2021
36	Short- and long-term outcomes for single-port risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy with and without hysterectomy for women at risk for gynecologic cancer. ⁶¹	Carr CE...Michener CM	32948638	2021
37	Glycemic Control and Risk of Cellulitis. ⁶¹	Zacay G...Heymann AD	33262125	2021
38	Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis, Diagnosis and Treatment of a Rare Life-Threatening Infection. ⁶¹	Hua J...Friedlander P	33570428	2021
39	Tattoo Trouble: A Case of Drug-induced Thrombocytopenic Purpura. ⁶¹	Jahncke A...Fiore B	33608729	2021
40	A case report of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by Streptococcus mitis in a healthy adult. ⁶¹	Chen X...Zhang L	33549044	2021
41	Predictors for readmission due to cellulitis among Japanese patients. ⁶¹	Norimatsu Y...Ohno Y	33523517	2021
42	The effect of malnutrition on the infectious outcomes of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: analysis of the 2011-2017 hospital data. ⁶¹	Lee DU...Karagozian R	33252419	2021
43	Clinical evaluation of micro-fragmented adipose tissue as a treatment option for patients with meniscus tears with osteoarthritis: a prospective pilot study. ⁶¹	Malanga GA...Capella T	33026537	2021
44	Negative pressure wound therapy system in extremely obese women after cesarean delivery compared with standard dressing. ⁶¹	Kawakita T...Overcash RT	31018727	2021
45	Significant decrease of facial cellulitis admissions during COVID-19 lockdown in France: a multicentric comparative study. ⁶¹	Kun-Darbois JD...de Boutray M	33596475	2021
46	Infection in Elderly Burn Patients: What Do We Know? ⁶¹	Savetamal A	33052768	2021
47	Bacterial Infections in Cirrhotic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital. ⁶¹	Lingiah VA...Pyrsopoulos NT	33604253	2021
48	Clinical Features and Outcomes for Nonabscess Cellulitis in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. ⁶¹	Chand S...Kroshinsky D	33539848	2021
49	Long-Term Benzathine Penicillin Prophylaxis Lasting for Years Effectively Prevents Recurrence of Dermato-Lymphangio-Adenitis (Cellulitis) in Limb Lymphedema. ⁶¹	Olszewski WL...Zaleska MT	33596117	2021
50	Abscessed cellulitis with a sporotrichoid pattern that does not yield to antibiotic treatment. ⁶¹	Carmona-Tello MN...Bolanos-Rivero M	33546813	2021

Sources

Genes for Cellulitis

Genes related to Cellulitis (0 elite genes):

(show all 25)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	13.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	IL5	Interleukin 5	Protein Coding	12.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CAMP	Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide	Protein Coding	11.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	RNASE3	Ribonuclease A Family Member 3	Protein Coding	11.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	IL1R1	Interleukin 1 Receptor Type 1	Protein Coding	11.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	DEFB4A	Defensin Beta 4A	Protein Coding	11.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	FLT3	Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3	Protein Coding	10.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	CHI3L1	Chitinase 3 Like 1	Protein Coding	10.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	FLT4	Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4	Protein Coding	8.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴	16965327
10	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	7.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	CCR6	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6	Protein Coding	7.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
12	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	6.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	IGES	Immunoglobulin E Concentration, Serum	Genetic Locus	6.76	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	LACTB	Lactamase Beta	Protein Coding	6.76	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	MYOM2	Myomesin 2	Protein Coding	6.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	CD4	CD4 Molecule	Protein Coding	6.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	CSF3	Colony Stimulating Factor 3	Protein Coding	6.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	F2	Coagulation Factor II, Thrombin	Protein Coding	6.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	6.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	6.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
21	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	6.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
22	CSF2	Colony Stimulating Factor 2	Protein Coding	6.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
23	F3	Coagulation Factor III, Tissue Factor	Protein Coding	6.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
24	CD8A	CD8a Molecule	Protein Coding	5.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
25	TNFSF11	TNF Superfamily Member 11	Protein Coding	5.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Cellulitis

Sources

Expression for Cellulitis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Cellulitis.

Sources

Pathways for Cellulitis

Pathways related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 29)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁵ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁵	13.9	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3
2	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.76	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶³ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁶ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶³ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶³ IL-6 Pathway ⁶³ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶³ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶³ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶³ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶³ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶³ STAT3 Pathway ⁶³	13.6	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
4	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.46	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.29	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
6	Akt Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶³ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶³	13.26	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 FLT3
7	PAK Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶³ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶³	13.22	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4 CSF3
8	Allograft rejection ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁶ Asthma ³⁶ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁶ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶³ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁶ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁶ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶³ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁶ Viral myocarditis ³⁶	12.78	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 CD4
9	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁶ Show member pathways IL-22 Pathway ⁶³ Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway ²³ Inflammatory bowel disease ³⁶ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁶	12.52	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 CD4
10	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁶ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁵ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²³	12.27	TNF IL6 IL5 DEFB4A CSF3
11	Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection ³⁶	12.26	TNF IL6 IL1R1 CD4
12	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.25	TNF IL6 F2 CRP ALB
13	Defensins ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Alpha-defensins ⁶⁵ Antimicrobial peptides ⁶⁵ Beta defensins ⁶⁵ Ion influx/efflux at host-pathogen interface ⁶⁵ Metal sequestration by antimicrobial proteins ⁶⁵	12.24	RNASE3 DEFB4A CD4 CCR6 CAMP
14	NOD-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁶	12.17	TNF IL6 DEFB4A CAMP
15	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²³ Show member pathways IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²³ Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²³	12.12	TNF IL6 IL1R1 DEFB4A
16	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.7	TNF IL6 IL5 FLT3 CSF3 CD4
17	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹	11.68	TNF IL6 CD4
18	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁴	11.6	TNF IL6 FLT3 CD4
19	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁴	11.56	TNF IL5 IL1R1 CD4 CCR6
20	IgA-Producing B Cells in the Intestine ⁶⁴	11.52	TNF IL6 IL5 CCR6
21	Malaria ³⁶	11.48	TNF IL6 CSF3
22	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.47	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
23	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation ¹	11.45	IL6 IL5 CSF3
24	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁵	11.31	TNF IL6 IL1R1 CSF3
25	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ¹	11.25	TNF IL6 IL5
26	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁶	11.16	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
27	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²³	10.96	TNF IL6 IL5 FLT4 FLT3 CSF3
28	Overview of nanoparticle effects ¹	10.93	TNF IL6 CRP
29	Cytokines and Inflammatory Response ¹	10.82	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3 CD4

Sources

GO Terms for Cellulitis

Cellular components related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.77	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT4
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.65	TNF IL1R1 F2 CD4 CCR6
3	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:0005788	9.55	IL6 FLT3 F2 CD4 ALB
4	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.4	TNF RNASE3 IL6 IL5 GPT F2

Biological processes related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 23)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.95	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 CRP CHI3L1
2	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	9.95	IL6 IL5 FLT4 FLT3 F2 CSF3
3	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.89	TNF FLT4 CHI3L1 CD4
4	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.86	TNF IL6 CSF3 CAMP
5	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	GO:0001934	9.85	TNF FLT4 F2 CD4 CAMP
6	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043410	9.84	IL6 FLT4 FLT3 CD4
7	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	9.83	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
8	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:0050731	9.81	IL6 IL5 CSF3 CD4
9	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	GO:0014068	9.8	TNF FLT3 F2 CSF3
10	positive regulation of kinase activity	GO:0033674	9.78	FLT4 FLT3 CD4
11	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.77	TNF IL6 FLT3
12	immune response	GO:0006955	9.76	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 DEFB4A CSF3
13	antimicrobial humoral response	GO:0019730	9.75	RNASE3 DEFB4A CAMP
14	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.74	TNF IL6 CCR6
15	antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	GO:0061844	9.73	RNASE3 F2 DEFB4A CAMP
16	acute-phase response	GO:0006953	9.72	IL6 F2 CRP
17	defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	GO:0050829	9.65	RNASE3 IL6 DEFB4A CD4 CAMP
18	positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade	GO:0046427	9.62	TNF IL6 IL5 F2
19	positive regulation of podosome assembly	GO:0071803	9.61	TNF IL5
20	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.58	TNF IL6
21	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.54	TNF IL6 CRP
22	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.5	TNF IL6 IL5 IL1R1 FLT3 CSF3
23	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	9.1	TNF RNASE3 IL6 DEFB4A CRP CAMP

Molecular functions related to Cellulitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.56	TNF IL6 IL5 CSF3
2	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.26	IL6 IL5 F2 CSF3
3	vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity	GO:0005021	9.16	FLT4 FLT3
4	lipopolysaccharide binding	GO:0001530	8.8	RNASE3 F2 CAMP

Sources

Sources for Cellulitis

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia