Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

MalaCards integrated aliases for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma:

Name: Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma ¹² ¹⁵

Anatomical Narrow Angle Glaucoma ¹² ⁷⁴

Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma ¹² ⁵⁶

Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma - Synechial ⁷⁴

Chronic Narrow Angle Glaucoma ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Eye diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:14445

ICD9CM ³⁶ 365.23

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁹ 15417005 33647009

ICD10 ³⁴ H40.22

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0154947 C1272657

Sources

Summaries for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

MalaCards based summary : Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma, also known as anatomical narrow angle glaucoma, is related to glaucoma, primary open angle and low tension glaucoma. An important gene associated with Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma is TGFB2 (Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are NF-KappaB Family Pathway and Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency. The drugs Latanoprost and Pilocarpine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, and related phenotypes are no effect and cardiovascular system

Sources

Related Diseases for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Diseases in the Acute Closed-Angle Glaucoma family:

Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Diseases related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 29)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	glaucoma, primary open angle	30.6	MYOC PHEX TGFB2
2	low tension glaucoma	30.3	EDN1 MYOC PHEX
3	cataract	10.4
4	weill-marchesani syndrome	10.2
5	open-angle glaucoma	10.2
6	multilocular clear cell renal cell carcinoma	10.2	TGFB2 TGFB3
7	juvenile glaucoma	10.2	MYOC PHEX TGFB2
8	hydrarthrosis	10.2	AQP1 AQP3 AQP7
9	chronic gonococcal salpingitis	10.1	CTSA TNFRSF1A
10	retinitis pigmentosa	10.1
11	leber congenital amaurosis 4	10.1
12	microvascular complications of diabetes 5	10.1
13	retinal vein occlusion	10.1
14	exudative vitreoretinopathy	10.1
15	acute closed-angle glaucoma	10.1
16	central retinal vein occlusion	10.1
17	phimosis	10.1
18	retinitis	10.1
19	diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, autosomal	10.0	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4
20	loeys-dietz syndrome 4	10.0	TGFB2 TGFB3
21	diffuse pulmonary fibrosis	10.0	AQP5 BMP7 TIMP1
22	central pontine myelinolysis	10.0	AQP1 AQP4
23	oligohydramnios	9.9	AQP1 AQP3 EDN1
24	meniere disease	9.8	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
25	optic nerve disease	9.8	AQP4 EDN1 MYOC
26	demyelinating disease	9.8	AQP4 CXCL10 TNFRSF1A
27	microvascular complications of diabetes 1	9.8	EDN1 TGFB2 TIMP1
28	tendinosis	9.7	CXCL10 TGFB2 TIMP1 TNFRSF1A
29	nephrogenic systemic fibrosis	9.5	EDN1 EPO TIMP1

Comorbidity relations with Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle

Hypertension, Essential

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁷

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	9.92	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma:

⁴⁷ (show all 17)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.43	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 BMP7 CTSA
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.36	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7 BMP7
3	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.36	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
4	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.27	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7 CTSA
5	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.26	AQP1 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7 BMP7 EDN1
6	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.26	AQP1 AQP4 BMP7 CTSA CXCL10 EPO
7	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.24	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7 CTSA
8	immune system	MP:0005387	10.21	AQP3 AQP4 BMP7 CTSA CXCL10 EPO
9	craniofacial	MP:0005382	10.2	AQP3 BMP7 CTSA EDN1 GJA1 PHEX
10	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.19	AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7 EDN1 PHEX
11	hearing/vestibular/ear	MP:0005377	10.15	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7 EDN1
12	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.02	AQP1 AQP4 BMP7 CXCL10 EDN1 GJA1
13	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	10.01	BMP7 EPO GJA1 PHEX TGFB2 TGFB3
14	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP7 BMP7
15	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.93	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7 CTSA
16	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.7	AQP1 AQP3 BMP7 EDN1 EPO GJA1
17	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.36	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 BMP7

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Drugs for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 25)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Latanoprost

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

130209-82-4

5311221 5282380

Synonyms:

130209-82-4

AC1NSK8Q

Ambap130209-82-4

AR-202

Catioprost

CHEBI:6384

CHEMBL1051

CID5311221

CPD000466354

D00356

HMS2051H11

HMS2089J17

isopropyl (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,15R)-9,11,15-trihydroxy-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinorprost-5-en-1-oate

Isopropyl (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,15R)-9,11,15-trihydroxy-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prost-5-en-1-oate

isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid

Jsp001835

L1167_SIGMA

latanoprost

Latanoprost

Latanoprost (JAN/USAN/INN)

latanoprost free acid

Latanoprostum

MLS000759468

MLS001424106

MolPort-003-942-862

Nova-21027

Pfizer brand OF latanoprost

PhXA 41

PhXA34

PhXA34 [as 15(R,S)-isomer]

PhXA41

PHXA41

PHXA-41

propan-2-yl (5Z)-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate

Propan-2-yl (5Z)-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl}hept-5-enoate

Propan-2-yl (5Z)-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl}hept-5-enoic acid

propan-2-yl (Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

S1254_Selleck

SAM001246671

SMR000466354

TL8000716

XA41

XA-41

Xalatan

Xalatan (TN)

Xalatan Fixed Flow Device

ZINC12468792

2

Pilocarpine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

54-71-7, 92-13-7

5910

Synonyms:

(+)-Pilocarpine

(3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

(3S,4R)-3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one

(3S,4R)-3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone

(3S,4R)-3-ethyldihydro-4-((1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone

(3S-cis)-3-Ethyldihydro-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone

(3S-cis)-3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone

(3S-cis)-3-ethyldihydro-4-[(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone

3-ethyl-4-((1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone

3-Ethyl-4-(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2-one

3-Ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone

3-Ethyl-4-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one

54-71-7

91484-73-0

92-13-7

AC1L1J0W

AC1L1LEF

AC1Q6MOP

Adsorbocarpine

AI3-50523

Almocarpine

Amistura P

AR-1F3128

beta-Pilocarpine hydrochloride

BIDD:GT0217

BPBio1_000548

BRD-K85090592-008-05-2

BSPBio_000498

BSPBio_002191

C07474

CHEBI:39460

CHEBI:8207

CHEMBL550

CID4819

CID5910

D00525

DB01085

DivK1c_000358

EINECS 202-128-4

Epicar

HMS2089K17

HSDB 3163

Hydrochloride, pilocarpine

IDI1_000358

Imidazole-5-butyric acid, alpha-ethyl-beta-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-, gamma-lactone

isopilocarpine

Isopilocarpine

Isopto carpine

Isoptocarpine

KBio1_000358

KBio2_001587

KBio2_004155

KBio2_006723

KBio3_001691

KBioGR_000956

KBioSS_001587

L001181

Lopac0_000950

Lopac0_000960

LS-187208

LS-7661

Minims Pilocarpine

Miocarpine

Mi-Pilo

MolPort-002-512-506

NCGC00023339-03

NCGC00023339-06

NCGC00023339-07

NCGC00023339-08

NCGC00023339-09

NCGC00023339-12

NCGC00023339-13

nchembio.78-comp9

NCI60_004403

NINDS_000358

Nitrate, pilocarpine

NSC5746

Ocu-Carpine

Ocusert

Ocusert P 20

Ocusert pilo

Ocusert pilo-20

Ocusert pilo-20 (TN)

Ocusert Pilo-40

P.V. Carpine Liquifilm

Pilagan

Pilocarpin

Pilocarpina

pilocarpine

Pilocarpine

Pilocarpine (JAN/USP)

Pilocarpine [USAN:BAN:JAN]

Pilocarpine chloride

Pilocarpine HCl

Pilocarpine HCL

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Pilocarpine monohydrochloride

Pilocarpine mononitrate, (3S-cis)-isomer

Pilocarpine Mononitrate, (3S-cis)-Isomer

Pilocarpine muriate

Pilocarpine nitrate

Pilocarpine, monohydrochloride, (3S-cis)-isomer

Pilocarpine, Monohydrochloride, (3S-cis)-Isomer

Pilocarpol

Pilokarpin

Pilokarpin monohydrochloride

Pilokarpol

Piloptic-1

Piloptic-1/2

Piloptic-2

Piloptic-3

Piloptic-4

Piloptic-6

Pilostat

Prestwick0_000449

Prestwick1_000449

Prestwick2_000449

Prestwick3_000449

Salagen

SDCCGMLS-0003164.P005

SPBio_001287

SPBio_002437

Spectrum_001107

Spectrum2_001284

Spectrum3_000546

Spectrum4_000478

Spectrum5_001379

Spersacarpine

Spersacarpine hydrochloride

STOCK1N-18408

Syncarpine

Tocris-0694

UNII-01MI4Q9DI3

ZINC00075008

3

Travoprost

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

157283-68-6

5282226

Synonyms:

(((1R)-(1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha))-7-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-1-butenyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester

(+)-Fluprostenol isopropyl ester

(1R-(1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha))-7-(3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-1-butenyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester

(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-2-((1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-((alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-isopropyl-tolyl)oxy)-1-butenyl)cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

157283-68-6

5-Heptenoic acid,7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-1-butenyl)cyclopentyl)-,1-methylethyl ester,(5Z)

AC1NQZOS

AC-6103

AL6221

AL-6221

C26H35F3O6

CHEBI:746859

CHEMBL1200799

CID5282226

D01964

DB00287

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid

isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid

isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoate

Isopropyl (Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)oxy]-1-butenyl}cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid

LS-173521

propan-2-yl (5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{(1E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]but-1-en-1-yl}cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

propan-2-yl (Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]but-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoate

S1554_Selleck

Travatan

Travatan (TN)

Travatan Alcon

Travatan Z

Travatan, Travoprost

Travatanz

Travoprost

Travoprost (JAN/USAN/INN)

Travoprost [USAN]

Travoprostum

Z, Travatan

ZINC04474682

4

Brinzolamide

Approved

Phase 4

138890-62-7

68844

Synonyms:

(+)-4-ETHYLAMINO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2-(METHOXY)PROPYL-2H-THIENO[3,2-E]-1,2-THIAZINE-6-SULFONAMIDE-1,1-DIOXIDE

(4R)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-1,1-dioxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[3,2-e]thiazine-6-sulfonamide

(4R)-4-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-e][1,2]thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide

(R)-4-(ethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno(3,2-e)-1,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide

(R)-4-(Ethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-2H-thieno(3,2-e)-1,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide

138890-62-7

2H-Thieno(3,2-e)-1,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamide,4-(ethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2-(3-methoxypropyl)-,1,1-dioxide,R

3znc

AB00513824

AC1L2AKA

AC1Q6UVB

AC-5277

AKOS005145708

AL 4862

AL04862

AL-4862

Alcon brand of brinzolamide

Alcon brand OF brinzolamide

Allphar brand of brinzolamide

Allphar brand OF brinzolamide

Azopt

Azopt (TN)

BIDD:GT0039

Birnzolamide

BPBio1_000539

BRD-K74913225-001-03-3

Brinzolamida

Brinzolamide

Brinzolamide (BRZ)

Brinzolamide (JAN/USP/INN)

Brinzolamide [USAN]

BSPBio_000489

BZ1

C07760

C111827

C12H21N3O5S3

CHEBI:3176

CHEMBL220491

CID68844

D00652

DB01194

FT-0082471

HMS1569I11

I09-0605

LS-173036

MLS002153787

MolPort-005-940-291

Prestwick0_000365

Prestwick1_000365

Prestwick2_000365

Prestwick3_000365

SMR001233169

SPBio_002410

UNII-9451Z89515

5

Timolol

Approved

Phase 4

26839-75-8

5478 33624

Synonyms:

(-)-3-Morpholino-4-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazole

(2S)-1-((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)-3-((4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy)-2-propanol

(2S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol

(2S)-1-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol

(S)-1-(1,1-(Dimethylethyl)amino)-3-((4-(4-morpholinyl)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy)-2-propanol

(S)-1-(tert-Butylamino)-3-((4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol

(S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol

(S)-timolol

131628-37-0

194288-09-0

26839-75-8

26921-17-5 (maleate (1:1) salt)

AB00513729

AC1L1PYN

AC1Q59QM

Apo-Timol

Apo-Timop

Aquanil

Betim

Betimol

Betimol (TN)

BIDD:GT0073

Blocadren

BPBio1_001008

BRD-K08806317-050-03-6

BSPBio_000916

C07141

C13H24N4O3S

CAS-26921-17-5

CHEBI:9599

CHEMBL499

CID33624

CPD001456519

D08600

DB00373

DB08625

EINECS 248-032-6

HMS2089I11

HSDB 6533

Istalol

L-714,465

Lopac0_001189

Lopac-T-6394

LS-122231

MK-950

NCGC00016038-01

NCGC00016038-02

NCGC00016798-01

NCGC00016798-07

NCGC00022033-02

NCGC00022033-04

NCGC00022033-05

Novo-Timol

Nu-Timolol

Oprea1_640981

Optimol

Phoxal-timolol

Prestwick0_000948

Prestwick1_000948

Prestwick2_000948

Prestwick3_000948

Proflax

S-(-)-3-(3-tert-Butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazole

S(-)-Timolol maleate

SAM002564238

SPBio_003075

ST072193

Temserin

Tenopt

TIM

Timacar

Timacor

Tim-AK

timolol

Timolol

Timolol (INN)

Timolol (TN)

Timolol [USAN]

Timolol anhydrous

Timolol GFS

Timolol maleate

Timolol Maleate, (1:1) Salt

Timololo

Timololum

Timololum [INN-Latin]

Timopic

Timoptic

Timoptic in Ocudose

Timoptic OcuDose

Timoptic-XE

Timoptol

Tocris-0649

UNII-817W3C6175

6

Maleic acid

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

110-17-8, 110-16-7

444972

Synonyms:

(2E)-2-Butenedioate

(2E)-2-butenedioic acid

(2E)-2-Butenedioic acid

(2E)-But-2-enedioate

(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid

(2E)-But-2-enedioic acid

(e)-2-Butenedioate

(e)-2-Butenedioic acid

(E)-2-butenedioic acid

(E)-2-Butenedioic acid

(E)-but-2-enedioic acid

03761_FLUKA

1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, (E)

110-17-8

2-(e)-Butenedioate

2-(e)-Butenedioic acid

2-(E)-Butenedioic acid

240745_ALDRICH

240745_SIAL

26B3632D-E93F-4655-90B0-3C17855294BA

2-Butenedioic acid

2-Butenedioic acid (2E)- (9CI)

4-02-00-02202 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

623158-97-4

AB1002616

AC1L9H76

AC1Q5T7Y

AC1Q71EM

Acidum fumaricum

AI3-24236

AKOS000118896

Allomaleate

Allomaleic acid

Allomalenic acid

ammonium fumarate

Ammonium fumarate

AR-1D9767

bmse000083

Boletate

Boletic acid

BRN 0605763

But-2-enedioic acid

Butenedioic acid

C00122

C4H4O4

Caswell No. 465E

CCRIS 1039

CHEBI:18012

CHEBI:22958

CHEMBL503160

CID444972

D02308

DB04299

e297

E-2-Butenedioic acid

EINECS 203-743-0

EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051201

F0067

F8509_SIGMA

FC 33

FC 33 (acid)

FEMA No. 2488

FEMA Number 2488

fum

fumarate

Fumarate

fumarate, 10

fumaric acid

Fumaric acid (8CI)

Fumaric acid (NF)

Fumaricum acidum

Fumarsaeure

Fumarsäure

Furamag

HSDB 710

I04-1070

Kyselina fumarova

Kyselina fumarova [Czech]

Lichenate

Lichenic acid

Lichenic acid (VAN)

LMFA01170106

LS-500

Magnesium fumarate

MLS002454406

MolPort-001-780-031

MolPort-004-288-293

NCGC00091192-01

nchembio.186-comp71

nchembio.2007.47-comp1

NSC2752

NSC-2752

OR17920

S04-0167

SMR000112117

Sodium fumarate

trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate

trans-1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid

trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid

trans-2-Butenedioate

trans-2-Butenedioic acid

trans-But-2-enedioate

trans-but-2-enedioic acid

trans-But-2-enedioic acid

trans-Butenedioate

trans-Butenedioic acid

Tumaric acid

U-1149

UNII-88XHZ13131

USAF EK-P-583

W248800_ALDRICH

WLN: QV1U1VQ-T

7

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

8

Ophthalmic Solutions

Phase 4,Phase 2

9

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 4,Phase 2

10

Muscarinic Agonists

Phase 4

11

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

12

Autonomic Agents

Phase 4

13

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4

14

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4

15

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Phase 4

16

Adrenergic Agonists

Phase 4

17

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Phase 4

18

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists

Phase 4

19

Adrenergic Antagonists

Phase 4

20

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 4

21

Brimonidine Tartrate

Phase 4

70359-46-5

22

Brimonidine Tartrate, Timolol Maleate Drug Combination

Phase 4

23

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Phase 4

24

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Phase 4

25

Bimatoprost

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

155206-00-1

5311027

Synonyms:

(5Z)-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl}-N-ethylhept-5-enamide

(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-2-((1E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-pentenyl)cyclopentyl)-N-ethyl-5-heptenamide

(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]-N-ethylhept-5-enamide

155206-00-1

15M

267244-98-4

5-Heptenamide,7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((1E,3S)-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-pentenyl)cyclopentyl)-N-ehtyl-,(5Z)

AC1NSJUW

AGN 192024

AGN-192024

Bimataprost [USAN:INN:BAN]

Bimatoprost

Bimatoprost (JAN/USAN/INN)

Bimatoprost [USAN:INN:BAN]

bimatoprostum

Bimatoprostum

CHEBI:39562

CHEBI:51230

CHEMBL1200963

CID5311027

D02724

DB00905

DB06863

I06-1275

I06-1277

Latisse

LS-181817

Lumigan

Lumigan (TN)

NCGC00181745-01

UNII-QXS94885MZ

ZINC04474405

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 11)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Travoprost 0.004% Versus Pilocarpine 1% in Patients With Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma (CACG)	Completed	NCT00762645	Phase 4	Travoprost 0.004% (Travatan);Pilocarpine 1%
2	Exploratory Study Comparing Signs and Symptoms in Patients With Ocular Hypertension or Glaucoma Using Xalatan R® or Travatan Z®	Completed	NCT00799682	Phase 4	Xalatan;Travatan Z
3	Azopt (Brinzolamide 1.0%) Plus Travatan (Travoprost 0.004%) in Treating Patients With Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma (CACG)	Terminated	NCT00758342	Phase 4	Travoprost 0.004% + Brinzolamide 1.0%;Travoprost 0.004% + Tears Natural
4	Study of Brimonidine and Timolol Ophthalmic Solution With Latanoprost Compared With Latanoprost in Glaucoma Patients	Terminated	NCT01151904	Phase 4	brimonidine 0.2%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination ophthalmic solution;latanoprost
5	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Travoprost 0.004% Compared to Latanoprost 0.005% in Patients With Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma	Completed	NCT00051181	Phase 3	Travoprost (0.004%);Latanoprost (0.005%)
6	A Study to Assess the Effect of Rho-Kinase Inhibitor AR-12286 Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% and 0.7% in Patients With Chronic Angle-closure Glaucoma	Unknown status	NCT02152774	Phase 2	Rho-Kinase Inhibitor
7	Comparison of Bimatoprost and Latanoprost in Patients With Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A Randomized Cross-Over Study	Unknown status	NCT00567788	Not Applicable	Latanoprost-Bimatoprost;Bimatoporost-Latanoprost
8	Prevalence of Angle Closure in Caucasian Hyperopes	Unknown status	NCT00823706
9	Biometry of Occult Lens Subluxation Misdiagnosed as Primary Acute Angle Closed Glaucoma	Completed	NCT03752710
10	Sequential Laser Iridotomy Using Argon and Q-Switched 532 nm Frequency Doubled Neodymium Yag Laser: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00452998	Not Applicable
11	Advanced Glaucoma Progression Study	Active, not recruiting	NCT01742819

Search NIH Clinical Center for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Sources

Genetic Tests for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Sources

Anatomical Context for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma:

⁴²

Eye

Sources

Publications for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Articles related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma:

(show all 19)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Indicating and predicting role of the horizontal C/D ratio in preclinical diabetic retinopathy associated with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. ( 30809483 )	Zhong ZL...Chen S	2019
2	Comparison of phacotrabeculectomy and sequential surgery in the treatment of chronic angle-closure glaucoma coexisted with cataract. ( 27275422 )	Li HJ...Xie L	2016
3	Risk Factors of Disease Progression After Cataract Surgery in Chronic Angle-closure Glaucoma Patients. ( 26550967 )	Lee CK...Kim CY	2016
4	Rapid anterior capsular phimosis after cataract surgery in a patient with chronic angle closure glaucoma. ( 29018698 )	Chang PY...Chang SW	2015
5	Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation for nanophthalmic chronic angle closure glaucoma. ( 23807357 )	Golan S...Kurtz S	2015
6	The safety and efficacy of modified minimally invasive trabeculectomy for the treatment of primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma. ( 27215005 )	Wu Z...Ma D	2015
7	Interocular asymmetry of the visual field defects in newly diagnosed normal-tension glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and chronic angle-closure glaucoma. ( 23632403 )	Huang P...Zhang C	2014
8	Phacoemulsification versus trabeculectomy in medically uncontrolled chronic angle-closure glaucoma without cataract. ( 23823520 )	Sangtam T	2013
9	Patterns of damage in chronic angle-closure glaucoma compared to primary open-angle glaucoma. ( 21470591 )	Nouri-Mahdavi K...Caprioli J	2011
10	Weill Marchesani syndrome with chronic angle closure glaucoma in Ethiopia: a case report. ( 19743786 )	Tenkir A...Solomon B	2009
11	Optic nerve head morphologic characteristics in chronic angle-closure glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. ( 19680054 )	Zhao L...Wang X	2009
12	Phacoemulsification versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in medically uncontrolled chronic angle closure glaucoma with cataracts. ( 19243831 )	Tham CC...Lai JS	2009
13	Chronic angle-closure glaucoma secondary to a suprachoroidal effusion induced by central retinal vein occlusion. ( 17552395 )	Papamatheakis DG...Harasymowycz PJ	2007
14	Surgical treatment of advanced chronic angle closure glaucoma in Weill-Marchesani syndrome. ( 15478742 )	Harasymowycz P...Wilson R	2004
15	Combined phacoemulsification and goniosynechialysis for uncontrolled chronic angle-closure glaucoma after acute angle-closure glaucoma. ( 10201585 )	Teekhasaenee C...Ritch R	1999
16	Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated with nonneovascular chronic angle-closure glaucoma. ( 9075081 )	Azuara-Blanco A...Tasman WS	1997
17	Filtering iridocycloretraction in chronic closed-angle glaucoma. ( 3976810 )	Nesterov AP...Kolesnikova LN	1985
18	Sector retinitis pigmentosa and chronic angle-closure glaucoma: a new association. ( 6472800 )	Omphroy CA	1984
19	Some observations on chronic closed-angle glaucoma. ( 13413136 )	FOULDS WS...PHILLIPS CI	1957

Sources

Genes for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Genes related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma (0 elite genes):

(show all 20)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TGFB2	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 2	Protein Coding	21.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶	17908591
2	CTSA	Cathepsin A	Protein Coding	15.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	IER3IP1	Immediate Early Response 3 Interacting Protein 1	Protein Coding	15.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	AQP7	Aquaporin 7	Protein Coding	14.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	PHEX	Phosphate Regulating Endopeptidase Homolog X-Linked	Protein Coding	14.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	AQP3	Aquaporin 3 (Gill Blood Group)	Protein Coding	14.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	AQP5	Aquaporin 5	Protein Coding	14.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	ABCC6	ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 6	Protein Coding	14.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	MYOC	Myocilin	Protein Coding	14.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	TGFB3	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3	Protein Coding	14.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	BMP7	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7	Protein Coding	14.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	AQP1	Aquaporin 1 (Colton Blood Group)	Protein Coding	14.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	GJA1	Gap Junction Protein Alpha 1	Protein Coding	13.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	TNFRSF1A	TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 1A	Protein Coding	13.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	AQP4	Aquaporin 4	Protein Coding	13.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	CXCL10	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10	Protein Coding	13.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	TIMP1	TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1	Protein Coding	13.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	EDN1	Endothelin 1	Protein Coding	13.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	EPO	Erythropoietin	Protein Coding	13.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	PRELID1	PRELI Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	6.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Sources

Expression for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma.

Sources

Pathways for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Pathways related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 17)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	NF-KappaB Family Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway ⁶⁵	12.42	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1 TNFRSF1A
2	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency ⁶⁵ Show member pathways 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling ⁶⁵ eNOS Signaling ⁶⁵ GSK3 Signaling ⁶⁵	12.37	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7 BMP7
3	TNF signaling pathway ³⁸	11.78	CXCL10 EDN1 TNFRSF1A
4	Aquaporin-mediated transport ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Cytoskeleton remodeling Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation ²³ Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation ⁶⁷ Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion ⁶⁷ Passive transport by Aquaporins ⁶⁷ Transport of glycerol from adipocytes to the liver by Aquaporins ⁶⁷ Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins ⁶⁷	11.77	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
5	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	11.73	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1 TNFRSF1A
6	HIF-1 signaling pathway ³⁸	11.72	EDN1 EPO TIMP1
7	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁸	11.71	EDN1 TGFB2 TGFB3
8	Angiogenesis (CST) ⁴	11.64	TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
9	TGF-beta signaling pathway (KEGG) ³⁸	11.64	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
10	G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway ²³	11.55	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
11	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.54	AQP1 AQP4 CXCL10 GJA1
12	Elastic fibre formation ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Molecules associated with elastic fibres ⁶⁷	11.52	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
13	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization ⁶⁶	11.48	CXCL10 TGFB2 TGFB3
14	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.41	BMP7 EDN1 TIMP1
15	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁷	11.23	CXCL10 TIMP1 TNFRSF1A
16	Photodynamic therapy-induced HIF-1 survival signaling ¹	11	EDN1 EPO TGFB3
17	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²³	10.83	BMP7 CXCL10 TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1

Sources

GO Terms for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Cellular components related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endoplasmic reticulum	GO:0005783	9.87	ABCC6 AQP5 CTSA GJA1 IER3IP1 MYOC
2	apical plasma membrane	GO:0016324	9.67	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP5 GJA1
3	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.61	BMP7 CXCL10 EDN1 EPO MYOC TGFB2
4	basolateral plasma membrane	GO:0016323	9.46	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4
5	platelet alpha granule lumen	GO:0031093	9.43	TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
6	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.32	BMP7 CTSA CXCL10 EDN1 EPO MYOC

Biological processes related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 39)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	response to drug	GO:0042493	9.98	ABCC6 AQP1 EDN1 TGFB2
2	transmembrane transport	GO:0055085	9.98	ABCC6 AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
3	regulation of apoptotic process	GO:0042981	9.97	BMP7 PRELID1 TGFB2 TGFB3
4	response to hypoxia	GO:0001666	9.91	EDN1 EPO TGFB2 TGFB3
5	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.91	CXCL10 EDN1 EPO GJA1
6	skeletal system development	GO:0001501	9.88	BMP7 EDN1 PHEX TGFB2
7	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.87	BMP7 CXCL10 EDN1 EPO TGFB2 TGFB3
8	platelet degranulation	GO:0002576	9.85	TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
9	wound healing	GO:0042060	9.85	TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
10	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.85	CXCL10 EDN1 GJA1 PHEX TGFB2
11	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.83	CXCL10 EDN1 TGFB2
12	cellular response to mechanical stimulus	GO:0071260	9.83	AQP1 GJA1 TNFRSF1A
13	cartilage development	GO:0051216	9.83	BMP7 EDN1 TIMP1
14	cellular response to hypoxia	GO:0071456	9.83	AQP1 AQP3 BMP7 EDN1
15	cell development	GO:0048468	9.81	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
16	response to peptide hormone	GO:0043434	9.8	BMP7 GJA1 TIMP1
17	SMAD protein signal transduction	GO:0060395	9.79	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
18	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	GO:0010862	9.77	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
19	positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	GO:0010718	9.76	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
20	excretion	GO:0007588	9.73	AQP3 AQP5 AQP7
21	regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043408	9.71	BMP7 MYOC TGFB2 TGFB3
22	renal water homeostasis	GO:0003091	9.69	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4
23	secondary palate development	GO:0062009	9.67	TGFB2 TGFB3
24	response to dexamethasone	GO:0071548	9.66	EDN1 EPO
25	cellular response to parathyroid hormone stimulus	GO:0071374	9.65	GJA1 PHEX
26	cell-cell junction organization	GO:0045216	9.65	GJA1 TGFB2 TGFB3
27	multicellular organismal water homeostasis	GO:0050891	9.64	AQP1 AQP4
28	cellular hyperosmotic response	GO:0071474	9.63	AQP1 EPO
29	pancreatic juice secretion	GO:0030157	9.63	AQP1 AQP5
30	negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production	GO:0010936	9.59	TGFB2 TGFB3
31	carbon dioxide transport	GO:0015670	9.57	AQP1 AQP5
32	nitric oxide transport	GO:0030185	9.54	AQP1 EDN1
33	salivary gland morphogenesis	GO:0007435	9.54	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
34	uterine wall breakdown	GO:0042704	9.49	TGFB2 TGFB3
35	response to vitamin D	GO:0033280	9.46	AQP3 BMP7 CXCL10 PHEX
36	glycerol transport	GO:0015793	9.43	AQP1 AQP3 AQP7
37	odontogenesis	GO:0042476	9.35	AQP1 AQP3 AQP5 TGFB2 TGFB3
38	water transport	GO:0006833	9.02	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
39	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	10.02	CXCL10 EDN1 EPO TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1

Molecular functions related to Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.71	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3 TIMP1
2	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.7	BMP7 CXCL10 EDN1 EPO TGFB2 TGFB3
3	transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	GO:0005160	9.54	BMP7 TGFB2 TGFB3
4	type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	GO:0005114	9.46	TGFB2 TGFB3
5	water transmembrane transporter activity	GO:0005372	9.43	AQP1 AQP4
6	channel activity	GO:0015267	9.35	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7
7	glycerol channel activity	GO:0015254	9.32	AQP3 AQP7
8	type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	GO:0034714	9.26	TGFB2 TGFB3
9	water channel activity	GO:0015250	9.02	AQP1 AQP3 AQP4 AQP5 AQP7

Sources

Sources for Chronic Closed-Angle Glaucoma

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia