Chronic Pain disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: CHR345 MIFTS: 50	Chronic Pain Categories: Cancer diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Chronic Pain

MalaCards integrated aliases for Chronic Pain:

Name: Chronic Pain ⁵³ ²⁹ ⁶ ⁴²

Pain - Chronic ⁵³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

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Summaries for Chronic Pain

NINDS : ⁵³ While acute pain is a normal sensation triggered in the nervous system to alert you to possible injury and the need to take care of yourself, chronic pain is different. Chronic pain persists. Pain signals keep firing in the nervous system for weeks, months, even years. There may have been an initial mishap -- sprained back, serious infection, or there may be an ongoing cause of pain -- arthritis, cancer, ear infection, but some people suffer chronic pain in the absence of any past injury or evidence of body damage. Many chronic pain conditions affect older adults. Common chronic pain complaints include headache, low back pain, cancer pain, arthritis pain, neurogenic pain (pain resulting from damage to the peripheral nerves or to the central nervous system itself), psychogenic pain (pain not due to past disease or injury or any visible sign of damage inside or outside the nervous system). A person may have two or more co-existing chronic pain conditions. Such conditions can include chronic fatigue syndrome, endometriosis, fibromyalgia, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial cystitis, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and vulvodynia. It is not known whether these disorders share a common cause.

MalaCards based summary : Chronic Pain, also known as pain - chronic, is related to paine syndrome and opioid addiction. An important gene associated with Chronic Pain is USH2A (Usherin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are GABAergic synapse and Neuroscience. The drugs Cycloserine and Angiotensin II have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, brain and breast, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and integument

MedlinePlus : ⁴² Pain is a signal in your nervous system that something may be wrong. It is an unpleasant feeling, such as a prick, tingle, sting, burn, or ache. Pain may be sharp or dull. You may feel pain in one area of your body, or all over. There are two types: acute pain and chronic pain. Acute pain lets you know that you may be injured or a have problem you need to take care of. Chronic pain is different. The pain may last for weeks, months, or even years. The original cause may have been an injury or infection. There may be an ongoing cause of pain, such as arthritis or cancer. In some cases there is no clear cause. Environmental and psychological factors can make chronic pain worse. Many older adults have chronic pain. Women also report having more chronic pain than men, and they are at a greater risk for many pain conditions. Some people have two or more chronic pain conditions. Chronic pain is not always curable, but treatments can help. There are drug treatments, including pain relievers. There are also non-drug treatments, such as acupuncture, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Chronic pain is pain that lasts a long time. In medicine, the distinction between acute and chronic pain... more...

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Related Diseases for Chronic Pain

Diseases in the Chronic Pain family:

Paine Syndrome

Central Pain Syndrome

Diseases related to Chronic Pain via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 591)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	paine syndrome	31.5	OPRM1 COMT
2	opioid addiction	31.4	OPRM1 COMT
3	pain agnosia	30.5	PTGS2 OPRM1 CNR1
4	constipation	30.1	PTGS2 OPRM1 CNR1
5	substance abuse	30.0	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
6	anxiety	29.7	USH2A OPRM1 COMT CNR1
7	irritable bowel syndrome	29.7	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
8	cannabis dependence	29.7	COMT CNR1
9	withdrawal disorder	29.6	OPRM1 CNR1
10	polysubstance abuse	29.5	COMT CNR1
11	disease of mental health	29.4	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
12	migraine with or without aura 1	29.2	PTGS2 OPRM1 COMT CNR1 CACNA1B
13	substance dependence	29.2	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
14	paranoid schizophrenia	29.1	COMT CNR1
15	tobacco addiction	29.0	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
16	morphine dependence	29.0	PTGS2 OPRM1
17	cannabis abuse	28.8	OPRM1 COMT CNR1
18	neonatal abstinence syndrome	28.8	OPRM1 COMT
19	somatoform disorder	28.8	OPRM1 COMT
20	heroin dependence	28.6	OPRM1 COMT
21	eating disorder	28.5	VGF OPRM1 COMT CNR1
22	obsolete: chronic pain requiring intraspinal analgesia	12.3
23	fibromyalgia	11.7
24	complex regional pain syndrome	11.5
25	hidradenitis suppurativa	11.5
26	trigeminal neuralgia	11.5
27	ehlers-danlos syndrome	11.4
28	interstitial cystitis	11.4
29	occipital neuralgia	11.4
30	headache	11.3
31	sickle cell disease	11.3
32	reflex sympathetic dystrophy	11.3
33	myofascial pain syndrome	11.3
34	causalgia	11.3
35	rheumatoid arthritis	11.2
36	osteoporosis	11.2
37	cauda equina syndrome	11.2
38	frozen shoulder	11.2
39	exostosis	11.2
40	melorheostosis	11.1
41	amyotrophy, hereditary neuralgic	11.0
42	corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency	11.0
43	adiposis dolorosa	10.9
44	brachyolmia type 3	10.9
45	buschke-ollendorff syndrome	10.9
46	polycystic kidney disease 1 with or without polycystic liver disease	10.9
47	stiff-person syndrome	10.9
48	intervertebral disc disease	10.9
49	hypophosphatasia	10.9
50	neurilemmomatosis	10.9

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Chronic Pain:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Chronic Pain

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Chronic Pain:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.76	BDKRB1 CACNA1B CNR1 COMT DLG2 OPRM1
2	integument	MP:0010771	9.5	BDKRB1 CACNA1B CNR1 DLG2 OPRM1 PTGS2
3	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.23	CACNA1B CNR1 COMT DLG2 OPRM1 PTGS2

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Chronic Pain

Drugs for Chronic Pain (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 573)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Cycloserine

Approved

Phase 4

68-41-7

401 6234

Angiotensin II

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68521-88-0, 4474-91-3, 11128-99-7

172198

Tocopherol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1406-66-2, 54-28-4

14986

Dinoprostone

Approved

Phase 4

363-24-6

5280360

Palonosetron

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

135729-61-2, 135729-56-5, 119904-90-4

148211

Pentazocine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

359-83-1

441278

Dezocine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

53648-55-8

40841 3033053

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

137-58-6

3676

Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate

Approved

Phase 4

2921-57-5

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

83-43-2

6741

Prednisolone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52-21-1

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-24-8

5755

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

302-25-0

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Omeprazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

73590-58-6

4594

Amphetamine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational

Phase 4

300-62-9

5826 3007

Phenobarbital

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

50-06-6

4763

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Perphenazine

Approved

Phase 4

58-39-9

4748

Aspirin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-78-2

2244

Milnacipran

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

92623-85-3

65833

Levomilnacipran

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

96847-54-0

Esketamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

33643-46-8

Polidocanol

Approved

Phase 4

9002-92-0

Ketoprofen

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22071-15-4

3825

Rotigotine

Approved

Phase 4

99755-59-6, 92206-54-7

57537

Etoricoxib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

202409-33-4

123619

Dihydrocodeine

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

125-28-0

Modafinil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68693-11-8

4236

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

525-66-6

4946

Aceclofenac

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

89796-99-6

Rifampicin

Approved

Phase 4

13292-46-1

5458213 5381226

Pantoprazole

Approved

Phase 4

102625-70-7

4679

Atracurium

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

64228-79-1

47319

Metoprolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51384-51-1, 37350-58-6

4171

Oxytocin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-56-6

439302 53477758

Desipramine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

50-47-5

2995

Phenol

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

108-95-2

996

Guanfacine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

29110-47-2

3519

Nalbuphine

Approved

Phase 4

20594-83-6

5360630 5311304

Droperidol

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

548-73-2

3168

Meperidine

Approved

Phase 4

57-42-1

4058

Prazosin

Approved

Phase 4

19216-56-9

4893

Sufentanil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

56030-54-7

41693

Nitrous oxide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

10024-97-2

948

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4

54-11-5

942 89594

Remifentanil

Approved

Phase 4

132875-61-7

60815

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4

15687-27-1

3672

Sevoflurane

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

28523-86-6

5206

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 3481)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effect of Ketalar to Prevent Postoperative Chronic Pain After Mastectomy	Unknown status	NCT00129597	Phase 4	ketalar
2	Neurologic Signatures of Chronic Pain Disorders	Unknown status	NCT02747940	Phase 4	flunarizine and/or pregabalin
3	The Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists on Acute and Chronic Postoperative Pain in Patients Treated for Hypertension.	Unknown status	NCT02513979	Phase 4	Angiotensin type II receptor antagonists
4	Brain Mechanisms For Clinical Placebo in Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Placebo, Active Treatment, and No Treatment in Chronic Back Pain	Unknown status	NCT02986334	Phase 4	Naproxen;Omeprazole;Placebo
5	The Immune and Clinical Impacts of Vitamin D in Patients With Chronic Musculo-skeletal Pain	Unknown status	NCT01417923	Phase 4	vitamin D
6	Investigating the Effect of Intra-operative Infiltration With Local Anaesthesia on the Development of Chronic Postoperative Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair. A Randomized Placebo Controlled Triple Blinded and Group Sequential Study Design	Unknown status	NCT00484731	Phase 4
7	Investigator Initiated Trial- Management of Chronic Pain in Military Patients With Injuries Sustained During Active Duty. Comparison of Spinal Cord Stimulation and Comprehensive Medical Management	Unknown status	NCT01616342	Phase 4
8	Chronic Significant Pain and Functional Outcome After Laparoscopic Versus Open Groin Hernia Mesh Repair: Design of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT00625534	Phase 4
9	Effects of Calot's Triangle Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02300480	Phase 4
10	Therapeutic Effects of Video Game Play Therapy on Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain:Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trail	Unknown status	NCT02125968	Phase 4
11	The Effect of Remifentanil on Established Sunburn-induced Hyperalgesia in Human Volunteers	Unknown status	NCT00811837	Phase 4	Midazolam;Remifentanil
12	The Effect of Remifentanil on Established Capsaicin-Induced Hyperalgesia in Human Volunteers	Unknown status	NCT00789386	Phase 4	Remifentanil;Midazolam
13	a Randomized Controlled Trial of Dexmedetomidine on Chronic Postoperative Pain After Breast and Thoracic Surgery	Unknown status	NCT03275207	Phase 4	saline;dexmedetomidine
14	The Effect of High-dose Remifentanil on Established Sunburn-induced Hyperalgesia in Human Volunteers (HighDose RemiSun)	Unknown status	NCT01015482	Phase 4	Remifentanil;Midazolam
15	Abdominal Midline Incisional Hernia Repair and Functional Outcome: Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Open and Laparoscopic Surgical	Unknown status	NCT00625053	Phase 4
16	Effect of Three Therapeutic Strategies on the Restriction of the Participation of Patients With a Chronic Back Pain : Multidisciplinary is it the Key Component ?	Unknown status	NCT02030171	Phase 4
17	The Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Pain Sensitivity and Threshold: A Randomized, Double Blinded, Crossover Volunteer Study	Unknown status	NCT02550093	Phase 4	Normal Saline;Oxytocin
18	The Effect of High-dose Remifentanil on Established Capsaicin-induced Hyperalgesia in Human Volunteers	Unknown status	NCT00886106	Phase 4	Remifentanil;Midazolam
19	The Impact of Perioperative Gabapentin on Chronic Groin Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair	Unknown status	NCT02419443	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Placebo
20	Comparison of Two Kinds of Postoperative Analgesia After Amputation:a Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02114463	Phase 4	ropivacaine;flurbiprofen
21	Therapeutic Effects of Monochromatic Infrared Energy Therapy on Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT01920971	Phase 4
22	Duloxetine as an Analgesic Agent in Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02535000	Phase 4	Duloxetine;Placebo
23	Continuous Pre-uterine Wound Infiltration Versus Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia After Cesarean Section. Controlled Comparative Study.	Unknown status	NCT02279628	Phase 4	Ropivacaine;Morphine
24	Multicentre Randomised Controled Trial Comparing the Effect of a New Self-gripping Lightweight Polyester Mesh and a Normal Sutured Lightweight Polyester Mesh on the Incidence of Chronic Inguinodynia in Lichtenstein Hernioplasty.	Unknown status	NCT01830452	Phase 4
25	Intra-articular Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Corticosteroids: a Clinical Trial in Osteoarthritis of Knees	Unknown status	NCT02829281	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A;Triamcinolone hexacetonide;Saline
26	A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Enriched Enrollment Randomized Withdrawal Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Milnacipran in the Treatment of Pain Due to Osteoarthritis	Unknown status	NCT01329406	Phase 4	Milnacipran;Placebo
27	Efficacy of Regional Analgesia Techniques (Quadratus Lumborum Block and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block) in Acute and Chronic Pain Treatment in Patients After Cesarean Delivery	Unknown status	NCT03244540	Phase 4	Ropivacaine;Paracetamol;Metamizol;Ketoprofen;Bupivacaine
28	Levobupivacaine Prolonged Wound Infusion for Postoperative Pain Relief After Breast Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02035904	Phase 4	Levobupivacaine PCIA (Patient Controlled Intrawound Analgesia);saline;Levobupivacaine continuous infusion;morphine;Patrol
29	Eight Week Feasibility Study Enrolling Dry Eye Subjects Confirmed by Four of Seven Dianostic Markers Responding to Nutritional Therapy	Unknown status	NCT01561040	Phase 4
30	Effects of Pregabalin on Mechanical Hyperalgesia - EPOM	Unknown status	NCT00310583	Phase 4	Pregabalin
31	Prospective, Cross Over Gabapentin vs Amitriptyline Study on Patients Suffering From Masticatory Muscle Pain	Unknown status	NCT02339662	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Amitriptyline
32	Analgesic Effects of Local Anesthetic Serratus Plane Infiltration for Total Mastectomy Surgery: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT02893384	Phase 4	Local Anesthetic Injection above the serratus anterior
33	The Impact of Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Frontalis on Brow Height and Morphology: A Randomized Trial	Unknown status	NCT03186001	Phase 4	Abobotulinum toxin A
34	Efficiency of Thoracolumbar Interfascial Plane Block in Lumbar Disk Surgery	Unknown status	NCT03180099	Phase 4	Bupivacaine;Bupivacaine
35	Comparison of Self Gripping Semi-resorbable Mesh (PROGRIP) With Polypropylene Mesh in Open Inguinal Hernia Repair - a Randomized Study	Unknown status	NCT00960011	Phase 4
36	Prospective and Randomized Trial Comparing Dopplper-Guided Transanal Hemorrhoid Artery Ligation With Recto-anal Repair (HAL-RAR) Versus Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy for the Treatment of Grade III-IV Hemorrhoids	Unknown status	NCT02216305	Phase 4
37	D-cycloserine for Relapse Prevention Following Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-resistant Depression	Unknown status	NCT02772211	Phase 4	Ketamine;D-cycloserine;Placebo
38	Effectiveness of the Precision Spinal Cord Stimulation System in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Axial Low Back Pain	Completed	NCT00205868	Phase 4
39	A Comparison of Morphine and Morphine Plus Dexmedetomidine in Chronic Cancer Pain	Completed	NCT02289261	Phase 4	Morphine;Morphine plus dexmedetomidine
40	Evaluation in Efficacy and Safety of Fentanyl-TTS (Durogesic® D-Trans) for Treatment of Chronic Pain	Completed	NCT01902524	Phase 4	Fentanyl-TTS
41	Effects of Thoracic Paravertebral Blockade on Acute and Chronic Pain After Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - A Randomized, Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT02302586	Phase 4	Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB);Patient Controlled Analgesia (IV PCA)
42	The Effect of Pulse Width on the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain With Spinal Cord Stimulation	Completed	NCT00399516	Phase 4
43	Development and Evaluation of a Methadone Protocol for Severe Chronic Pain Management	Completed	NCT02335398	Phase 4	Methadone
44	Observational Registry: The Effectiveness of Pain Management Using the ARCHIMEDES® Implantable Constant-Flow Infusion Pump System for Intrathecal Delivery	Completed	NCT00196053	Phase 4
45	A CTSC Clinical Research Center Study: A Comparison of the Addiction Liability of Hydrocodone and Sustained Release Morphine	Completed	NCT00314340	Phase 4	ER Morphine;hydrocodone plus acetaminophen;placebo
46	A Randomised Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Remifentanil vs Fentanyl During Cardiac Surgery on the Incidence of Chronic Thoracic Pain	Completed	NCT02031016	Phase 4	Fentanyl;Remifentanil;Fentanyl
47	Pain Reducing Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain or Chronic Lumbo-radiculalgia and Followed in Pain Treatment Centers	Completed	NCT00452010	Phase 4
48	N-of-1 Randomised Trials to Assess the Efficacy of Ultra-micronized Palmitoylethanolamide (Um-PEA) in Geriatric Patients With Chronic Pain	Completed	NCT02699281	Phase 4	ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide;Placebo
49	Benefit of Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis	Completed	NCT02839564	Phase 4
50	Evaluation Study of Efficacy and Safety of TTS-Fentanyl in Chronic Non-Malignant Pain	Completed	NCT01816243	Phase 4	TTS-Fentanyl;Morphine

Search NIH Clinical Center for Chronic Pain

Sources

Genetic Tests for Chronic Pain

Genetic tests related to Chronic Pain:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Chronic Pain ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Chronic Pain

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Chronic Pain:

⁴⁰

Spinal Cord, Brain, Breast, Testes, Cortex, Bone, Prostate

Sources

Publications for Chronic Pain

Articles related to Chronic Pain:

(show top 50) (show all 30486)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Individual opioids, and long- versus short-acting opioids, for chronic noncancer pain: Protocol for a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ⁴²	Noori A...Guyatt GH	31651885	2019
2	Are there effective interventions for reducing the use of prescribed opioids in adults with chronic non-cancer pain? - A Cochrane Review summary with commentary. ⁴²	Arienti C	31580469	2019
3	Identifying pain susceptibility phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis. ⁴²	Carlesso LC...Neogi T	31621573	2019
4	Exendin-4 attenuates pain-induced cognitive impairment by alleviating hippocampal neuroinflammation in a rat model of spinal nerve ligation. ⁶¹	Cui SS...Zhan LY	31960821	2020
5	High tibial osteotomy in a lax knee: A review of current concepts. ⁶¹	Wade R...Marathe N	32021040	2020
6	Factors associated with chronic pain and non-medical opioid use among people who inject drugs. ⁶¹	Bicket MC...Sherman SG	31704433	2020
7	Determinants of quality of life among family caregivers of adult cancer patients in a resource-limited setting. ⁶¹	Kizza IB...Muliira JK	31240464	2020
8	Overactivity in Chronic Pain, the Role of Pain-related Endurance and Neuromuscular Activity: An Interdisciplinary, Narrative Review. ⁶¹	Hasenbring MI...Ebenbichler G	31833914	2020
9	Embodied Pain: There is a Need to Reflect Interactions Between Cognitions, Behavior, and Neuromuscular Activity in Chronic Pain. ⁶¹	Hasenbring MI...Ebenbichler G	31850934	2020
10	The Impact of Spatial Distribution of Pain on Long-Term Trajectories for Chronic Pain Outcomes After Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment. ⁶¹	Williams SE...Rose JB	31876790	2020
11	Prescribed and non-prescribed gabapentin use among persons seeking inpatient opioid detoxification. ⁶¹	Stein MD...Bailey GL	31952626	2020
12	μ-Opioid and dopamine-D2 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of male Sprague-Dawley rats whose sucrose consumption, but not preference, decreases after nerve injury. ⁶¹	Hakim JD...Keay KA	31836522	2020
13	Association Between Excessive Weight Gain During Pregnancy and Persistent Low Back and Pelvic Pain After Delivery. ⁶¹	Matsuda N...Ono R	31593058	2020
14	c-Jun N terminal kinase signaling pathways mediate cannabinoid tolerance in an agonist-specific manner. ⁶¹	Henderson-Redmond AN...Morgan DJ	31758947	2020
15	Psychological Subgrouping to Assess the Risk for the Development or Maintenance of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Is This the Way Forward? ⁶¹	Linton SJ...Kienbacher T	31833912	2020
16	Antinociceptive and genotoxic assessments of the antagonist TRPV1 receptor SB-366791 on morphine-induced tolerance in mice. ⁶¹	Mazeto TK...de Souza AH	31655852	2020
17	Endogenous Modulation of Pain: The Role of Exercise, Stress, and Cognitions in Humans. ⁶¹	Vaegter HB...Kreddig N	31833911	2020
18	The demographics of persistent opioid consumption following limb amputation. ⁶¹	Steen T...Sigurdsson MI	31650532	2020
19	Impaired frontostriatal functional connectivity among chronic opioid using pain patients is associated with dysregulated affect. ⁶¹	McConnell PA...Froeliger B	30945801	2020
20	Lavandula angustifolia essential oil inhalation reduces mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of inflammatory and neuropathic pain: The involvement of opioid and cannabinoid receptors. ⁶¹	Donatello NN...Martins DF	31945593	2020
21	Factors Related to Agreement Between Child and Caregiver Report of Child Functioning With Chronic Pain: PROMIS Pediatric and Parent Proxy Report. ⁶¹	Birnie KA...Bhandari RP	31876791	2020
22	Chronic pain after breast surgery - still many unanswered questions: a reply. ⁶¹	Fujii T...Nishiwaki K	32022920	2020
23	Interventional pain management for chronic pain: a survey of physicians in Canada. ⁶¹	Shanthanna H...Busse JW	31802414	2020
24	Management of chronic pain in newborn infants. ⁶¹	Vollmer B	31489620	2020
25	Clarification on chronic pain - a painfully persistent problem? A reply. ⁶¹	Fujii T...Nishiwaki K	32022918	2020
26	Chronic pain after breast surgery - still many unanswered questions. ⁶¹	Hartopp A...Kelly J	32022919	2020
27	Clarification on chronic pain - a painfully persistent problem? ⁶¹	Versyck B...Pawa A	32022921	2020
28	Sex differences in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain. ⁶¹	Rogers AH...Zvolensky MJ	31704430	2020
29	Effects of Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation on External Mechanical and Thermal Stimuli Perception Using Quantitative Sensory Testing: A Multicenter Stimulation ON-OFF Study on Chronic Pain Patients. ⁶¹	Bordeleau M...Prud'Homme M	31833916	2020
30	Developing a better biopsychosocial understanding of pain in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study. ⁶¹	Sweeney L...Norton C	31851083	2020
31	Corrigendum to "Alexithymia moderates effects of psychotherapeutic treatment expectations on depression outcome in interdisciplinary chronic pain treatment" [Journal of Psychosomatic Research 122 (2019) 69-72]. ⁶¹	Blaettler LT...Grosse Holtforth M	31972480	2020
32	NPPB prevents postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation by blocking volume-activated Cl- current. ⁶¹	Zhong J...Xu B	31659404	2020
33	Avascular Necrosis of the Carpal Bones Other Than Kienböck Disease. ⁶¹	Afshar A...Tabrizi A	31585747	2020
34	Assessing peripheral fibers, pain sensitivity, central sensitization, and descending inhibition in Native Americans: main findings from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk. ⁶¹	Rhudy JL...Shadlow JO	31977838	2020
35	Transvaginal treatment of anterior and apical genital prolapse using Restorelle® direct fix™: An observational study of medium-term complications and outcomes. ⁶¹	Gauthier A...Fernandez H	31852622	2020
36	Novel mouse GABA uptake inhibitors with enhanced inhibitory activity toward mGAT3/4 and their effect on pain threshold in mice. ⁶¹	Zareba P...Kulig K	31901745	2020
37	Anti-inflammatory coating of hernia repair meshes: a 5-rabbit study. ⁶¹	Bredikhin M...Vertegel A	32026188	2020
38	Neuropathic Pain Dysregulates Gene Expression of the Forebrain Opioid and Dopamine Systems. ⁶¹	Wawrzczak-Bargiela A...Przewlocki R	32026358	2020
39	High cortical delta power correlates with aggravated allodynia by activating anterior cingulate cortex GABAergic neurons in neuropathic pain mice. ⁶¹	Li YD...Huang ZL	31651580	2020
40	Screening of undiagnosed depression among elderly primary care patients: a cross-sectional study from the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. ⁶¹	Stanetic K...Racic M	31994858	2020
41	Secondary Analysis of Pain Outcomes in a Large Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Buprenorphine/Naloxone Versus Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder. ⁶¹	Shulman M...Nunes EV	32039934	2020
42	Pulsed Radiofrequency Neuromodulation Contributes to Activation of Platelet-Rich Plasma in In Vitro Conditions. ⁶¹	Michno A...Bascik B	32027438	2020
43	Elucidating somatization in a dimensional model of psychopathology across medical settings. ⁶¹	Marek RJ...Ben-Porath YS	31599632	2020
44	Classism and dehumanization in chronic pain: A qualitative study of nurses' inferences about women of different socio-economic status. ⁶¹	Diniz E...Figueira Bernardes S	31811704	2020
45	Application of ICD-11 among individuals with chronic pain: A post hoc analysis of the Stanford Self-Management Program. ⁶¹	Hornemann C...Frostholm L	31556212	2020
46	Acceptability and Effects of Commercially Available Activity Trackers for Chronic Pain Management Among Older African American Adults. ⁶¹	Janevic MR...Piette JD	31509196	2020
47	A Novel G Protein-Biased Agonist at the δ Opioid Receptor with Analgesic Efficacy in Models of Chronic Pain. ⁶¹	Conibear AE...Kelly E	31594792	2020
48	Biopsychosocial factors associated with poor health-related quality of life after minor to moderate transport-related injuries: Insights into the Victorian compensable population. ⁶¹	Samoborec S...Evans SM	31616954	2020
49	A Cross-Sectional Examination of Patients' Perspectives About Their Pain, Pain Management, and Satisfaction with Pain Treatment. ⁶¹	Lee S...Ory MG	31609389	2020
50	Pain Management Telementoring, Long-term Opioid Prescribing, and Patient-Reported Outcomes. ⁶¹	Flynn D...Langford DJ	31876948	2020

Sources

Genes for Chronic Pain

Genes related to Chronic Pain (2 elite genes):

(show all 12)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	USH2A	Usherin	Protein Coding	407.41	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
2	CPT2	Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2	Protein Coding	407.06	Pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
3	ATPSCKMT	ATP Synthase C Subunit Lysine N-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	15.5	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Functions (show sections)
4	CNR1	Cannabinoid Receptor 1	Protein Coding	15	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Functions (show sections)
5	TPSAB1	Tryptase Alpha/Beta 1	Protein Coding	7.39	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
6	CACNA1B	Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 B	Protein Coding	7.27	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	PTGS2	Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2	Protein Coding	7.27	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	BDKRB1	Bradykinin Receptor B1	Protein Coding	7.11	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
9	DLG2	Discs Large MAGUK Scaffold Protein 2	Protein Coding	7.11	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
10	VGF	VGF Nerve Growth Factor Inducible	Protein Coding	7.11	GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
11	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	7.07	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	7.07	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Chronic Pain

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Chronic Pain:

⁶ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	GRCh37 Pos	GRCh38 Pos
1	CPT2	NM_000098.3(CPT2):c.149C>A (p.Pro50His)	SNV	Pathogenic	8954	rs28936375	1:53662764-53662764	1:53197092-53197092
2	USH2A	NM_007123.5(USH2A):c.2299del (p.Glu767fs)	deletion	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	2351	rs80338903	1:216420437-216420437	1:216247095-216247095
3	USH2A	NM_206933.3(USH2A):c.5003G>T (p.Gly1668Val)	SNV	Uncertain significance	598989	rs1265349835	1:216258204-216258204	1:216084862-216084862
4	MYH8	NM_002472.3(MYH8):c.5743A>G (p.Ile1915Val)	SNV	Uncertain significance	598988	rs1216879928	17:10293842-10293842	17:10390525-10390525

Sources

Expression for Chronic Pain

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Chronic Pain.

Sources

Pathways for Chronic Pain

Pathways related to Chronic Pain according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	GABAergic synapse ³⁶ Show member pathways Morphine addiction ³⁶ Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling ³⁶	11.77	PTGS2 OPRM1 CNR1 CACNA1B
2	Neuroscience ⁴	11.56	PTGS2 OPRM1 DLG2 COMT CNR1
3	Ibuprofen Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.6	PTGS2 CNR1

Sources

GO Terms for Chronic Pain

Cellular components related to Chronic Pain according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	axon	GO:0030424	8.92	OPRM1 DLG2 COMT CNR1

Biological processes related to Chronic Pain according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	response to cocaine	GO:0042220	9.48	OPRM1 CNR1
2	response to radiation	GO:0009314	9.46	PTGS2 OPRM1
3	regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:0051930	9.43	OPRM1 COMT
4	regulation of NMDA receptor activity	GO:2000310	9.4	OPRM1 DLG2
5	response to morphine	GO:0043278	9.37	OPRM1 CNR1
6	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.35	PTGS2 OPRM1 COMT CNR1 BDKRB1
7	negative regulation of blood pressure	GO:0045776	9.32	CNR1 BDKRB1
8	response to pain	GO:0048265	9.26	COMT CACNA1B
9	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.16	PTGS2 CNR1
10	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	9.02	PTGS2 OPRM1 DLG2 CNR1 BDKRB1

Molecular functions related to Chronic Pain according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	voltage-gated calcium channel activity	GO:0005245	8.62	OPRM1 CACNA1B

Sources

Sources for Chronic Pain

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia