Genetics Home Reference :
25
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a condition that affects several body systems. Although there are many variable signs and symptoms, hallmarks of this condition include developmental disability, abnormalities of the fifth (pinky) fingers or toes, and characteristic facial features.
Most affected individuals have mild to severe intellectual disability or delayed development of speech and motor skills such as sitting and walking. Another feature of Coffin-Siris syndrome is underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the tips of the fingers or toes, or hypoplasia or absence of the nails. These abnormalities are most common on the fifth fingers or toes. In addition, most affected individuals have facial features described as coarse. These typically include a wide nose with a flat nasal bridge, a wide mouth with thick lips, and thick eyebrows and eyelashes. Affected individuals can have excess hair on other parts of the face and body (hirsutism), but scalp hair is often sparse. There is a range of facial features seen in people with Coffin-Siris syndrome, and not all affected individuals have the typical features. In addition, people with this condition may have an abnormally small head (microcephaly).
Additionally, some infants and children with Coffin-Siris syndrome have frequent respiratory infections, difficulty feeding, and an inability to gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Other signs and symptoms that may occur in people with this condition include short stature, low muscle tone (hypotonia), and abnormally loose (lax) joints. Abnormalities of the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys may also be present.
MalaCards based summary :
Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1, also known as
coffin-siris syndrome, is related to
coffin-siris syndrome 4 and
coffin-siris syndrome 3. An important gene associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1 is
ARID1B (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1B), and among its related pathways/superpathways are
Thermogenesis and
Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3. Affiliated tissues include
heart,
kidney and
eye, and related phenotypes are
intellectual disability and
muscular hypotonia
Disease Ontology :
12
An autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability that is characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails.
NIH Rare Diseases :
52
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a genetic condition that causes variable degrees of learning disability, developmental delays, underdeveloped "pinky" toenails or fingernails, and distinct facial features. It can be caused by a change (mutation ) in any of several genes including the ARID1A , ARID1B , SMARCA4 , SMARCB1 , DPF2 or SMARCE1 genes. Coffin-Siris syndrome follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, however it usually occurs for the first time in a family due to a new mutation. Occupational, physical, and/or speech therapy can help affected individuals reach their full potential.
OMIM :
56
Coffin-Siris syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails. Other more variable features may include poor overall growth, craniofacial abnormalities, spinal anomalies, and congenital heart defects (review by Vergano and Deardorff, 2014). Mutations in the ARID1B gene are the most common cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome (Wieczorek et al., 2013).
(135900)
KEGG :
36
Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS) is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by growth deficiency, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, coarse facial features and hypoplastic nail of the fifth finger and/or toe. Recently, it has been reported that mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex cause this disease.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot :
73
Coffin-Siris syndrome 1: A form of Coffin-Siris syndrome, a congenital multiple malformation syndrome with broad phenotypic and genetic variability. Cardinal features are intellectual disability, coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, and hypoplastic or absent fifth digit nails or phalanges. Additional features include malformations of the cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and/or central nervous systems. Sucking/feeding difficulties, poor growth, ophthalmologic abnormalities, hearing impairment, and spinal anomalies are common findings. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns have been reported.
Wikipedia :
74
Coffin-Siris Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that causes developmental delays and absent fifth...
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Rare neurological diseases 
