Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1 (CSS1)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Coffin-Siris syndrome is a condition that affects several body systems. Although there are many variable signs and symptoms, hallmarks of this condition include developmental disability, abnormalities of the fifth (pinky) fingers or toes, and characteristic facial features.Most affected individuals have mild to severe intellectual disability or delayed development of speech and motor skills such as sitting and walking. Another feature of Coffin-Siris syndrome is underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the tips of the fingers or toes, or hypoplasia or absence of the nails. These abnormalities are most common on the fifth fingers or toes. In addition, most people with Coffin-Siris syndrome have facial features described as coarse. These features typically include a wide nose with a flat nasal bridge, a wide mouth with thick lips, and thick eyebrows and eyelashes. Affected individuals can have excess hair on other parts of the face and body (hirsutism), but scalp hair is often sparse. People with Coffin-Siris syndrome can have a range of facial features, and not all affected individuals have the typical features. In addition, people with this condition may have an abnormally small head (microcephaly).Additionally, some infants and children with Coffin-Siris syndrome have frequent respiratory infections, difficulty feeding, and an inability to gain weight at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Other signs and symptoms that may occur in people with this condition include short stature, low muscle tone (hypotonia), and abnormally loose (lax) joints. Abnormalities of the eyes, brain, heart, and kidneys may also be present.

MalaCards based summary: Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1, also known as coffin-siris syndrome, is related to coffin-siris syndrome 6 and coffin-siris syndrome 4. An important gene associated with Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1 is ARID1B (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1B), and among its related pathways/superpathways are RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening and Assembly of the pre-replicative complex. Affiliated tissues include bone, heart and brain, and related phenotypes are coarse facial features and thick eyebrow

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ A form of Coffin-Siris syndrome, a congenital multiple malformation syndrome with broad phenotypic and genetic variability. Cardinal features are intellectual disability, coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, and hypoplastic or absent fifth digit nails or phalanges. Additional features include malformations of the cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and/or central nervous systems. Sucking/feeding difficulties, poor growth, ophthalmologic abnormalities, hearing impairment, and spinal anomalies are common findings. Both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns have been reported.

GARD: ¹⁹ Coffin-Siris syndrome is a genetic condition that causes variable degrees of learning disability, developmental delays, underdeveloped 'pinky' toenails or fingernails, and distinct facial features. It can be caused by a change in any of several genes including the ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, DPF2 or SMARCE1 genes. Coffin-Siris syndrome follows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, however it usually occurs for the first time in a family due to a new genetic change. Occupational, physical, and/or speech therapy can help affected individuals reach their full potential.

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ Coffin-Siris syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails. Other more variable features may include poor overall growth, craniofacial abnormalities, spinal anomalies, and congenital heart defects (review by Vergano and Deardorff, 2014). Mutations in the ARID1B gene are the most common cause of Coffin-Siris syndrome (Wieczorek et al., 2013). (135900) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Disease Ontology ¹¹ Coffin-siris syndrome 1: A Coffin-Siris syndrome that has material basis in an autosomal dominant mutation of ARID1B on chromosome 6q25.3.

Coffin-siris syndrome: An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare genetic syndromic intellectual disability of broad phenotypic range characterized by developmental delay and variable clinical features which most commonly, but not consistently, include aplasia or hypoplasia of the distal phalanx or nail of the fifth digit, and coarse facial features.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Coffin-Siris Syndrome (CSS), first described in 1970 by Dr Coffin and Dr Siris, is a rare genetic... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

Search Clinical Trials, NIH Clinical Center for Coffin-Siris Syndrome 1